Measurement Sensors最新文献

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The research of force standard machine tracing to the Planck constant h 力标准机追踪普朗克常数h的研究

Q4 Engineering

Measurement Sensors

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101368

Yuanjie Chen , Na Wang , JinXin Xu , Ruiduo Yin , Jie Chen , Xiaobin Xie , Jianing Chen , Yue Min , Haigen Li

The force transducer converts the magnitude of a force into an associated electrical signal, detecting mechanical quantities such as tension, pressure, weight, torque, strain, and internal stress. Being an indispensable core component of power equipment, construction machinery, various working machinery, and industrial automation systems, the calibration of the force transducer is crucial. This paper proposes a continuous force standard machine for calibrating force transducers, which combines the advantages of the common force standard machines and the Kibble balance. The goal of the proposed standard machine is to continuously measure the electromagnetic force and trace the force to Planck constant h. In the proposed design, the standard electromagnetic force of kilonewton magnitude is generated by the permanent magnet and coil system, which can be continuously changed by adjusting the magnitude and direction of the coil current. The electromagnetic force, amplified by the unequal arm balance lever, acts on the calibrated transducer. Herein, the concrete components of the new force standard machine are given, and the feasibility is demonstrated.

力传感器将力的大小转换成相关的电信号，检测诸如张力、压力、重量、扭矩、应变和内应力等机械量。力传感器是电力设备、工程机械、各种工作机械和工业自动化系统中不可缺少的核心部件，其校准至关重要。结合常用力标机和基布尔天平的优点，提出了一种用于力传感器标定的连续力标机。所提出的标准机的目标是连续测量电磁力并将其追踪到普朗克常数h。在所提出的设计中，由永磁体和线圈系统产生千牛顿量级的标准电磁力，通过调节线圈电流的大小和方向可以连续改变。电磁力被不相等的臂平衡杠杆放大，作用在被校准的传感器上。文中给出了新力标机的具体组成，并对其可行性进行了论证。

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引用次数: 0

A novel vegetation index for the detection and age determination of tree resin 一种用于树脂检测和年龄测定的新型植被指数

Q4 Engineering

Measurement Sensors

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101316

Martin Richter, Maik Rosenberger, Gunther Notni

In this work, we analysed the reflectance spectrum of spruce trees with the aim of deriving an index based on the NDVI principle that allows easy and fast identification of tree resin on and around spruce trees. The proposed normalized resin difference index uses a wavelength of 1688 nm in combination with either 1093 nm, 1138 nm or 1282 nm to reliably distinguish resin traces from bark and moss. Based on the initial experiments, the proposed index may be promising to be used as an indicator of the age of the resin.

在这项工作中，我们分析了云杉树的反射光谱，目的是基于NDVI原理得出一个指数，该指数可以轻松快速地识别云杉树上和周围的树树脂。所提出的归一化树脂差异指数使用波长为1688 nm，结合1093 nm， 1138 nm或1282 nm，以可靠地区分树皮和苔藓的树脂痕迹。在初步实验的基础上，提出的指标有望作为树脂年龄的指标。

引用次数: 0

Potential of full-colour 3d-printing in multisensual education 全彩3d打印在多感官教育中的潜力

Q4 Engineering

Measurement Sensors

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101317

Benedikt Hollmann , Christina Junger , Gunther Notni

Our Study investigates the potential of integrating tactile elements into educational materials using a specialized 3D printer, the XYZprinting Da Vinci Color. We are examining its effectiveness in professional learning environments. Additionally, we are exploring various methods such as scanning and modelling to create tactile-friendly print models. Well compile a comprehensive guide on utilizing the printer and these methods, which will streamline future research and application. Our findings indicate that while the printer can produce high-quality models, it also has limitations. Also, the effort needed to create printable and coloured models is strongly dependent on the use case.

我们的研究调查了使用专业3D打印机将触觉元素整合到教育材料中的潜力，XYZprinting达芬奇彩色打印机。我们正在研究它在专业学习环境中的有效性。此外，我们正在探索各种方法，如扫描和建模，以创建触觉友好的打印模型。我们将编写一份关于使用打印机和这些方法的综合指南，这将简化未来的研究和应用。我们的研究结果表明，虽然打印机可以生产出高质量的模型，但它也有局限性。此外，创建可打印和彩色模型所需的工作量很大程度上依赖于用例。

引用次数: 0

Multi-modal GMI applications with annealed nanocrystalline core 具有退火纳米晶核的多模态GMI应用

Q4 Engineering

Measurement Sensors

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101424

Diana Hrakova , Aktham Asfour , Pavel Ripka

GMI sensors theoretically offer multi-modal sensing, capable of measuring both applied stress and external magnetic fields simultaneously.

Our research explores how the impedance changes in GMI sensors are influenced not only by external magnetic fields but also by changes in the magnetic core's microstructure.

We investigate (Co₉₄Fe₆)₇₅Si₁₅B₁₀ amorphous alloy and Fe_73.5Cu₁Nb₃Si_13.5B₉ nanocrystalline alloy, focusing on flash annealing duration effects (15–300 seconds) under specific stress and current conditions optimized for permeability and coercivity control.

The results show that there is no single best way to process GMI cores for high sensitivity and low noise. Instead, annealing parameters must be tailored to match the sensor's operational range. We discovered that grain size significantly impacts the sensor's sensitivity and operational field range, with larger grains responding better to applied stress. This study highlights that customising annealing time allows for tailoring GMI sensor characteristics to suit specific applications.

GMI传感器理论上提供多模态传感，能够同时测量外加应力和外部磁场。我们的研究探讨了GMI传感器的阻抗变化不仅受到外部磁场的影响，而且还受到磁芯微观结构变化的影响。我们研究了（Co94Fe6）75Si15B10非晶合金和Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9纳米晶合金，重点研究了在特定应力和优化磁导率和矫顽力控制的电流条件下闪蒸时间（15-300秒）的影响。结果表明，不存在单一的高灵敏度、低噪声的GMI核处理方法。相反，退火参数必须定制以匹配传感器的工作范围。我们发现，晶粒尺寸对传感器的灵敏度和工作范围有显著影响，晶粒越大，对施加应力的响应越好。这项研究强调，定制退火时间允许定制GMI传感器特性，以适应特定的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Measurement uncertainty budget of a 5 MN·m torque standard machine 5 MN·m扭矩标准机的测量不确定度预算

Q4 Engineering

Measurement Sensors

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101379

Kai Geva, Holger Kahmann, Christian Schlegel, Kai Mienert, Christian Keilholz, Stefan Augustat

The measurement uncertainty budget (MUB) of the 5 MN·m torque standard machine at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) is presented in this paper. The measurement uncertainty (MU) influences are identified and methods are presented to measure these influences, namely the reference force transducer, the moment shunts and the lever arm length. Also, the experimental results are described and discussed in this article.

本文介绍了德国物理技术研究所（PTB） 5mn·m扭矩标准机的测量不确定度预算（MUB）。确定了测量不确定度（MU）的影响，并提出了测量这些影响的方法，即参考力传感器、力矩分流器和杠杆臂长。并对实验结果进行了描述和讨论。

引用次数: 0

Comparison of measurement methods for the correction factor of microcalorimeters 微量热计校正系数测量方法的比较

Q4 Engineering

Measurement Sensors

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101413

Windi Kurnia Perangin-Angin , Jürgen Rühaak , Karsten Kuhlmann

Correction factor is one of the key parameters in the characterization of a microcalorimeter. The correction factor of the microcalorimeter removes the power loss contribution to the RF power measurement in the calibration of an RF power sensor. National Metrology Institutes choose the measurement method of the microcalorimeter correction factor based on its advantages and disadvantages. Here, the determination of the correction factor using three methods, i.e. offset short, short foil, and VNA method has been conducted for an R 500 waveguide microcalorimeter. The results are compared, and the correction factors of all methods show a good agreement. Also analysed are the measurement uncertainties of the three techniques. The measurement uncertainty of the correction factor is the most significant uncertainty source for the determination of effective efficiency of a transfer standard.

校正因子是表征微热量计的关键参数之一。微热量计的校正系数消除了射频功率传感器校准中射频功率测量的功率损耗。国家计量研究院根据微热量计修正系数的优缺点，选择了微热量计修正系数的测量方法。本文对r500波导微热量计进行了三种校正系数的测定，即偏置短、短箔和VNA法。结果表明，各方法的校正因子具有较好的一致性。分析了三种测量方法的测量不确定度。校正系数的测量不确定度是确定传递标准有效效率的最重要的不确定度来源。

引用次数: 0

Online impedance estimation of induction motor coils using a CS-based measurement method 基于cs测量方法的感应电机线圈阻抗在线估计

Q4 Engineering

Measurement Sensors

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101425

Jozef Kromka , Antonia Juskova , Ondrej Kovac , Jan Saliga , Pasquale Daponte , Luca De Vito , Francesco Picariello , Sergio Rapuano , Ioan Tudosa

This paper introduces a novel measurement method utilizing the Compressed Sensing (CS) technique that enables the real-time estimation of impedance variation in an induction motor coil. Herein, a mathematical model of the proposed measurement method is described, and thereafter the motor coil impedance model and the method's numerical assessment in terms of root-mean-squared error as a main figure-of-merit for method validation are presented. The preliminary results indicate that the proposed measurement method has the potential for sensing motor coil impedance variation with good accuracy. This capability could be further used for non-contact inside motor temperature estimation or for detecting motor faults.

本文介绍了一种利用压缩感知（CS）技术实时测量感应电机线圈阻抗变化的新方法。本文首先描述了所提出的测量方法的数学模型，然后给出了电机线圈阻抗模型和以均方根误差作为方法验证的主要优值的方法的数值评估。初步结果表明，所提出的测量方法具有较好的检测电机线圈阻抗变化的潜力。这种能力可以进一步用于非接触式电机内部温度估计或检测电机故障。

引用次数: 0

Scaled test bench for the measurement of a hybrid full-electric powertrain efficiency 用于测量混合动力全电动动力系统效率的比例测试台

Q4 Engineering

Measurement Sensors

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101433

Livio D'Alvia , Gabriele Gagliardi , Ludovica Apa , Carmine Cava , Emanuele Rizzuto , Domenico Borello , Zaccaria Del Prete

In the evolving landscape of transportation, sustainability and efficiency are priorities. Hybrid energy systems, integrating batteries, fuel cells, or solar power, offer promising solutions but pose challenges in accurately measuring efficiency. The proposed Measurement Scale Bench is crucial for evaluating traction systems powered by hybrid sources. It simulates real-world scenarios, balancing energy management through hydrogen fuel cells and batteries. The system comprises three blocks: one for fuel cells, one for batteries, and one for propulsion, hydrogen consumption measurement, and motor performance evaluation. Experimental tests validate its effectiveness in replicating urban and exurban cycles, making it an ideal scale model for hybrid vehicles, following the UNI EN 1986–1:1998. It reveals consistent behaviour between engine energy demand, speed variations, and energy storage responses, providing valuable insights for hybrid vehicle development. Moreover, the bench's modularity not only supports diverse system configurations but also serves as an educational tool, inspiring and promoting innovation in sustainable transportation.

在不断发展的交通格局中，可持续性和效率是优先考虑的问题。混合能源系统，集成电池、燃料电池或太阳能，提供了有前途的解决方案，但在准确测量效率方面提出了挑战。所提出的测量尺度台架对于评估混合动力牵引系统至关重要。它模拟了现实世界的场景，通过氢燃料电池和电池来平衡能源管理。该系统包括三个模块：一个用于燃料电池，一个用于电池，一个用于推进、氢消耗测量和电机性能评估。实验测试验证了它在复制城市和郊区循环方面的有效性，使其成为混合动力汽车的理想比例模型，遵循UNI EN 1986 - 1:20 98。它揭示了发动机能量需求、速度变化和能量存储响应之间的一致行为，为混合动力汽车的开发提供了有价值的见解。此外，长凳的模块化不仅支持不同的系统配置，还可以作为教育工具，激励和促进可持续交通的创新。

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引用次数: 0

Calibration of high-capacity scales using hydraulics instead of weights: Metrological traceability and measurement uncertainty 用液压代替砝码校准大容量秤：计量溯源性和测量不确定度

Q4 Engineering

Measurement Sensors

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101355

Daniel Eisenbarth , Helmut Schunn , Christian Müller-Schöll , Klaus Fritsch , Ferenc Murányi

The calibration of non-automatic weighing instruments with a capacity of several tons, such as processing tanks, requires significant efforts and poses safety risks to calibration technicians. In response to these challenges, METTLER TOLEDO has developed a calibration method utilizing hydraulic actuators and force measurements, which has achieved ISO 17025 accreditation in several countries. This article outlines how hydraulic calibration can be aligned with traditional calibration standards, such as EURAMET Calibration Guide 18, and how traceability to the SI unit of mass can be ensured. An approach for calculating measurement uncertainty at calibration is discussed. Calibration results demonstrate high agreement between traditional calibration with test weights and the new hydraulic force calibration.

处理罐等容量达数吨的非自动称重仪器的校准需要付出巨大的努力，并给校准技术人员带来安全风险。为了应对这些挑战，梅特勒-托利多开发了一种利用液压执行器和力测量的校准方法，该方法已在多个国家获得ISO 17025认证。本文概述了液压校准如何与传统校准标准（如EURAMET校准指南18）保持一致，以及如何确保对SI质量单位的可追溯性。讨论了标定时测量不确定度的计算方法。标定结果表明，传统的试验砝码标定与新型液压力标定具有较高的一致性。

引用次数: 0

A self-centring device designed for mass comparators 一种为质量比较器设计的自定心装置

Q4 Engineering

Measurement Sensors

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101358

Zhongqi Xiong, Liyuan Cheng, Yi Su

By means of a symmetric kinematic pair consisting of arc-shaped guide rails and rollers, a self-centring device was designed to achieve self-centring of high-class, large-mass weights during calibration. Achieving self-centring can reduce the influence of the load offset error on the mass comparator accuracy. Experiments were performed to verify the effectiveness of the self-centring device by comparing measurements gathered with and without use of the device. The results showed that the self-centring device reduced the load offset error of the mass comparator and improved the calibration accuracy.

利用圆弧型导轨和滚子组成的对称运动副，设计了一种自定心装置，实现了高质量、大质量砝码在标定过程中的自定心。实现自定心可以减小负载偏移误差对质量比较器精度的影响。通过比较使用和不使用该装置时收集的测量数据，进行了实验以验证自定心装置的有效性。结果表明，该自定心装置减小了质量比较器的负载偏移误差，提高了校准精度。

引用次数: 0

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