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Ultra-stable 3D-Printed precision voltage divider for calibrations and experiments 用于校准和实验的超稳定3d打印精密分压器
Q4 Engineering
Measurement Sensors
Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2025.101818
Stephan Passon , Kristian König , Florian Schilling , Bernhard Maaß , Johann Meisner , Wilfried Nörtershäuser
This paper presents the concept of an ultra-stable, thermally independent precision voltage divider tailored for direct current (DC) voltages up to 60 kV. Key features of this voltage divider include minimal voltage dependence, excellent stability, and resistance to external temperature variations. The innovative approach involves its fabrication using 3D printing technology, allowing easy replication by project partners. This precision voltage divider leverages commercially available precision resistors, drawing upon successful outcomes from the FutureEnergy 19ENG02 and HVDC ENG07 Projects.
In these experiments, which involve ion acceleration and laser probing of electronic transitions, voltage dividers are integrated into setups such as COALA (TU Darmstadt), BECOLA (Michigan State University), COLLAPS (CERN/ISOLDE), and ATLANTIS (Argonne National Laboratory). Monitoring the applied acceleration potential, these dividers allow one to consider and counteract long-term drifts and thereby improving measurement accuracy.
本文提出了一种超稳定、热无关的精密分压器的概念，该分压器专为直流电（DC）电压高达60 kV而设计。该分压器的主要特点包括最小的电压依赖性，优异的稳定性和对外部温度变化的抵抗力。创新的方法包括使用3D打印技术制造，允许项目合作伙伴轻松复制。这种精密分压器利用市售的精密电阻器，借鉴了FutureEnergy 19ENG02和HVDC ENG07项目的成功成果。在这些涉及离子加速和电子跃迁激光探测的实验中，分压器被集成到诸如COALA（达姆施塔特工业大学）、BECOLA（密歇根州立大学）、COLLAPS（欧洲核子研究中心/ISOLDE）和ATLANTIS（阿贡国家实验室）等装置中。监测应用的加速度势，这些分压器允许考虑和抵消长期漂移，从而提高测量精度。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the interpolation parameters to estimate the errors at specific force values in continuous calibration 通过对插补参数的分析，估计出连续标定中特定力值的误差
Q4 Engineering
Measurement Sensors
Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101376
Jonas Sander , Rafael S. Oliveira , Wellington G. Fernandes , Falk Ludwig Tegtmeier , Andy Knott
The Euramet project 18SIB08 “ComTraForce” developed research to improve the continuous calibration procedures intended to be added to the under review standards that traditionally deals with static force calibration, such as ISO 376 and ISO 7500-1. Among these procedures is the description of a method for the adequate synchronous correlation between the force signals of the reference and the device under test to estimate the indication error for a specific force target value. This method describes the necessity to carry out a double interpolation sequence, using linear least squares adjustments. This paper presents a study on the impact of selecting different ranges of points on the estimation of the interpolation coefficients and the consequent impact on the calculation of the indication errors. The statistical parameters of these curves are also discussed. Experimental data was obtained from measurement series with different force rates carried out in an assembly with a testing machine and a reference sensor.
Euramet项目18SIB08“ComTraForce”开发了改进连续校准程序的研究，旨在将其添加到传统上处理静力校准的审查标准中，如ISO 376和ISO 7500-1。在这些程序中，描述了一种方法，用于在参考力信号和被测设备之间充分的同步相关性，以估计特定力目标值的指示误差。该方法描述了使用线性最小二乘调整进行双插值序列的必要性。本文研究了选取不同范围的点对插值系数估计的影响及其对指示误差计算的影响。对这些曲线的统计参数也进行了讨论。实验数据由不同力率的测量序列获得，该测量序列由一台试验机和一个参考传感器在一个装配体中进行。
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引用次数: 0
Sensitivity calibration for mass comparator based on optical force 基于光力的质量比较器灵敏度标定
Q4 Engineering
Measurement Sensors
Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101366
Manhong Hu, Jian Wang, Changqing Cai, Qing Sun, Kai Jiao, Hanghang Chen
The laser photon-momentum-based method is more and more used in the optical power measurements. As a revert use, the laser optical power can be used as a traceable source to small mass in micro range using the same photon-momentum-based method to new SI with better measuring accuracy. The sensitivity calibration for mass comparator based on laser optical force was carried out using an optical power range between 20 W and 120 W at a wavelength of 1080 nm. The air density meter is used to sense the stability of the laser power and optical force. Uncertainty of measurement is evaluated. With a coverage factor k = 2, relative expanded uncertainty of reference sensitivity mass standard using photon force of laser is better than 2 %. The uncertainty of the sensitivity calibration is also investigated.
基于激光光子动量的测量方法在光功率测量中得到越来越多的应用。将激光光功率作为微尺度内小质量的可追溯源，采用与新SI相同的基于光子动量的测量方法，具有更好的测量精度。利用激光光力对质量比较仪进行了灵敏度标定，光功率范围为20 ~ 120 W，波长为1080 nm。空气密度计用于检测激光功率和光力的稳定性。对测量不确定度进行了评定。在覆盖系数k = 2的情况下，激光光子力对参考灵敏度质量标准的相对扩展不确定度优于2%。研究了灵敏度标定的不确定度。
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引用次数: 0
Digital to analog converter based on pulse-width adding 基于脉宽加和的数模转换器
Q4 Engineering
Measurement Sensors
Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101418
Vítor Viegas , J.M. Dias Pereira
This paper presents a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) based on the pulse width created naturally by the binary counting sequence. The concept involves combining the counting impulses of the bits to form a pulse-width modulated signal, where the mean voltage is proportional to the input digital code. We propose a circuit capable of achieving this using general-purpose components. Although our design targets 8 bits, it is scalable for any number of nibbles.
The paper details simulations conducted to verify the proper functioning of the circuit and to evaluate its performance. Tests were performed to determine the static characteristics of the converter, measure its differential nonlinearity (DNL), and observe its step response.
In static terms, the converter exhibited negligible gain and offset errors, with a DNL below 1 LSB (least significant bit). The converter operated correctly without any missing codes.
In dynamic terms, the converter demonstrated a bandwidth of 10 kHz and behaved like a second-order low-pass filter with critical damping.
本文提出了一种基于二进制计数序列自然产生的脉冲宽度的数模转换器（DAC）。这个概念包括将比特的计数脉冲组合起来，形成一个脉宽调制信号，其中平均电压与输入数字代码成正比。我们提出了一种使用通用元件实现这一目标的电路。虽然我们的设计目标是8位，但它可以扩展到任何数量的小块。本文详细地进行了仿真，以验证电路的正常工作并评估其性能。进行了测试，以确定转换器的静态特性，测量其微分非线性（DNL），并观察其阶跃响应。在静态方面，转换器的增益和偏移误差可以忽略不计，DNL低于1 LSB（最低有效位）。转换器工作正常，没有丢失任何代码。在动态方面，转换器的带宽为10 kHz，表现得像一个具有临界阻尼的二阶低通滤波器。
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引用次数: 0
Spectral method for acoustic impulse events time difference of arrival estimation 声脉冲事件到达时间差估计的频谱法
Q4 Engineering
Measurement Sensors
Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101420
Jakub Svatos, Martin Maxa, Jan Holub
The paper deals with localizing an acoustic event source, e.g., gunshots, using two microphone systems. It briefly describes the properties of gunshot patterns and introduces possible methods based on acoustic signals from two microphones for gunshot localization. The localization method is based on the Time Difference of Arrival of an incoming acoustic wave, which is calculated using Phase-Based Delay Estimation. The presented method uses spectral analysis of signals recorded by both microphones to determine the delay in samples between the two signals. It has been shown that the frequency-based method can be, in certain cases, more reliable than commonly used cross-correlation methods.
本文讨论了使用两个传声器系统来定位声事件源，例如枪声。简要介绍了射击模式的特性，并介绍了基于两个传声器的声信号进行射击定位的可能方法。定位方法是基于入射声波到达的时间差，利用基于相位的延迟估计来计算。该方法通过对两个麦克风记录的信号进行频谱分析来确定两个信号之间的采样延迟。研究表明，在某些情况下，基于频率的方法比常用的互相关方法更可靠。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis of analog signals using QUBO-based spectral shaping of binary sequences 基于qubo的二值序列频谱整形模拟信号合成
Q4 Engineering
Measurement Sensors
Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101421
Paolo Carbone, Francesco Santoni, Alessio De Angelis, Antonio Moschitta
Digital synthesis of test signals is a subject of ongoing research in electrical engineering. Owing to their simplicity, it is of particular interest the possibility of using binary sequences to generate high-quality analog signals. Published results report the usage of ΣΔ-based methods to generate binary spectrally-shaped test signals that, once filtered, result in high-quality analog signals useable for testing purposes. This paper proposes the usage of quadratic binary unconstrained optimization as an alternative providing comparable or superior results, thus representing a valid alternate synthesis method. The approach is first introduced by the usage of several examples. Experimental results are shown that validate the presented signal synthesis method.
测试信号的数字合成是电气工程领域不断研究的课题。由于它们的简单性，使用二进制序列产生高质量模拟信号的可能性特别令人感兴趣。已发表的结果报告使用ΣΔ-based方法生成二进制光谱形测试信号，这些信号一旦过滤，就会产生可用于测试目的的高质量模拟信号。本文提出使用二次二元无约束优化作为一种替代方法，提供了相当或更好的结果，从而代表了一种有效的替代综合方法。首先通过几个例子来介绍这种方法。实验结果验证了所提出的信号合成方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of force acting on oral cavity during swallowing using tongue simulator 用舌头模拟器估计吞咽过程中作用于口腔的力
Q4 Engineering
Measurement Sensors
Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101378
Shunsuke Ozawa , Tetsu Kamiya , Takanori Yamazaki
The majority of studies on mastication movements have focused on chewing movements. In recent years, however, it has come to be thought that tongue action also plays a very important role in masticatory movements.
As the aging process reduces the function of the tongue, it causes aspiration and increases the risk of aspiration pneumonia. The tongue has a significant influence on the cause of aspiration. Therefore, it is important to understand the movement of the tongue and the movement of the food mass in the mouth. In our study, we developed a device that simulates tongue movement. This device is used to investigate the relationship between food and the tongue.
大多数关于咀嚼运动的研究都集中在咀嚼运动上。然而，近年来，人们开始认为舌头的动作在咀嚼运动中也起着非常重要的作用。随着年龄的增长，舌头的功能会减弱，从而导致误吸，增加了患吸入性肺炎的风险。舌头对误吸有很大的影响。因此，了解舌头的运动和口中食物团块的运动是很重要的。在我们的研究中，我们开发了一个模拟舌头运动的设备。这个装置是用来研究食物和舌头之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Development of automatic force measurement system 自动测力系统的研制
Q4 Engineering
Measurement Sensors
Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101371
Chunnan Jia , Xiao Ma , Jie Sun , Xingsheng Yao , Haihua Wu , Weijun Huang
In order to solve the problem of the process of force measurement, an automatic force measurement system is developed. Aiming at solving the existing problem of low efficiency on calibration of reading and recording force measuring instrument data manually as well as other inspection. The system consists of force measuring instrument, human-computer interaction module, data acquisition module and data processing module. The system communicates the force measuring instrument with the computer through serial port or network cable, and the test data are collected and processed in the system interface. The development of this system can reduce the measurement process, improve work efficiency, and at the same time compatible with the current force standard dynamometer and the force value transmission device, effectively enhance the laboratory measurement of intelligent level.
为了解决测力过程中的问题，研制了一种自动测力系统。针对目前存在的手工读取和记录测力仪器数据的校准效率低以及其他检测的问题。系统由测力仪、人机交互模块、数据采集模块和数据处理模块组成。该系统通过串口或网线将测力仪与计算机通信，并在系统接口中对测试数据进行采集和处理。本系统的开发可以减少测量过程，提高工作效率，同时兼容现有的力标准测功机和力值传递装置，有效提升实验室测量的智能化水平。
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引用次数: 0
Stabilisation time after cleaning sheet and OIML shape weights 清洗后的稳定时间和OIML形状重量
Q4 Engineering
Measurement Sensors
Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101359
Z. Zelenka, I. Kolozinska
Our research aimed to establish a correct but shorter recommended stabilisation time for weights after cleaning before calibration used in calibration laboratories.
The primary source for establishing the stabilisation time is the international recommendation OIML R111-1. Its chapter (B.4.2) states that "after weights are cleaned with solvents, they must be stabilised for the times given in the document.
BEV studied several weights to prove that this interval can be safely shortened. The studies indicate that the stabilisation time can be safely lower than one-third of the currently recommended time.
我们的研究旨在建立一个正确的，但更短的推荐稳定时间的重量清洗后校准实验室中使用的校准。建立稳定时间的主要来源是国际建议OIML R111-1。其第（B.4.2）章规定，"用溶剂清洗砝码后，砝码必须在文件规定的时间内保持稳定。BEV研究了几个权重，以证明该间隔可以安全地缩短。研究表明，稳定时间可以安全地低于目前推荐时间的三分之一。
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引用次数: 0
Development of a calibration facility for imaging spectrometers 成像光谱仪校准设备的研制
Q4 Engineering
Measurement Sensors
Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101330
Tiecheng Li, Muyao Ji, Fangsheng Lin, Biyong Huang, Weihai Cheng, Zixin Wang, Lei Yu, Leibin Shi
Imaging spectrometers have been widely used in various fields such as public health, food safety, environmental monitoring, especially in industrial testing. Compared with conventional spectrometers, imaging spectrometers have distortions, e.g. smile distortion and keystone distortion, due to design and assembly deficiencies. As a result, the previous calibration method is no longer fully applicable to imaging spectrometers. A novel calibration facility has been developed, which consists of an integrating sphere, a wavelength calibration source, two radiance calibration sources and a monitor. The experiment results show that the uniform source can be used to calibrate the spectral range, wavelength accuracy and spectral radiance of the imaging spectrometer.
成像光谱仪已广泛应用于公共卫生、食品安全、环境监测等各个领域，特别是工业检测领域。与传统光谱仪相比，由于设计和装配的缺陷，成像光谱仪存在smile畸变和keystone畸变等畸变。因此，以往的标定方法已不再完全适用于成像光谱仪。研制了一种由积分球、一个波长校准源、两个亮度校准源和一个监测器组成的新型校准装置。实验结果表明，均匀光源可用于标定成像光谱仪的光谱范围、波长精度和光谱亮度。
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引用次数: 0
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