Journal of Advanced Joining Processes最新文献_第7页

A comprehensive review on the integration of artificial intelligence in friction stir welding for monitoring, modelling, and process optimization 人工智能在搅拌摩擦焊监测、建模和工艺优化中的应用综述

IF 3.8 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100316

Mostafa Akbari , Ezatollah Hassanzadeh , Yaghuob Dadgar Asl , Amirhossein Moghanian

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have expanded their applications across various industrial environments, particularly in the field of Friction Stir Welding (FSW), a relatively modern manufacturing technique. AI techniques are primarily employed for modeling, monitoring, optimization, and management of complex systems influenced by multiple parameters within industrial processes. This study systematically reviews and evaluates commonly utilized AI techniques in FSW, highlighting their effectiveness, accuracy, and comparative advantages. The discussion is organized into three distinct sections, each focusing on the critical roles of AI and machine learning (ML) in FSW. The first section addresses process prediction, showcasing how AI techniques predict welding outcomes using historical data and process parameters, which enhances decision-making prior to actual implementation. The second section examines process control, emphasizing how AI systems enable real-time monitoring and adaptive control of the welding process. This functionality allows for immediate parameter adjustments, thus significantly improving weld consistency and quality by minimizing defects. Lastly, the third section pertains to the optimization of FSW parameters, illustrating how AI-driven algorithms analyze complex interactions among multiple variables to determine the most effective process settings. By adopting this structured approach, the review articulates the comprehensive benefits of integrating AI into the friction stir welding process, ultimately contributing to enhanced joint quality and improved operational efficiency.

人工智能（AI）技术的最新进展已经扩展了其在各种工业环境中的应用，特别是在搅拌摩擦焊接（FSW）领域，这是一种相对现代的制造技术。人工智能技术主要用于工业过程中受多个参数影响的复杂系统的建模、监控、优化和管理。本研究系统地回顾和评估了FSW中常用的人工智能技术，强调了它们的有效性、准确性和比较优势。讨论分为三个不同的部分，每个部分都侧重于人工智能和机器学习（ML）在FSW中的关键作用。第一部分介绍了工艺预测，展示了人工智能技术如何使用历史数据和工艺参数预测焊接结果，从而增强了实际实施之前的决策。第二部分探讨过程控制，强调人工智能系统如何实现焊接过程的实时监控和自适应控制。该功能允许立即调整参数，从而通过最小化缺陷显着提高焊接一致性和质量。最后，第三部分涉及FSW参数的优化，说明了人工智能驱动的算法如何分析多个变量之间的复杂相互作用，以确定最有效的工艺设置。通过采用这种结构化方法，该综述阐明了将人工智能集成到搅拌摩擦焊接过程中的综合效益，最终有助于提高接头质量和提高操作效率。

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引用次数: 0

Regulating intermetallic compound growth and bridging in SnAg solder under electromigration stress through Ni addition and sn crystallographic orientation-grain size 通过添加Ni和sn晶粒取向调节电迁移应力下SnAg焊料中金属间化合物的生长和桥接

IF 3.8 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100320

Dinh-Phuc Tran, Ya-Ting Xiao, Mai-Phuong La, Shi-Chi Yang, Chih Chen

As semiconductor devices scale down, electromigration (EM) failures in interconnects become more severe, requiring effective under-bump metallization (UBM) strategies. Herein, we investigated EM failures correlated with the development of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in two UBM structures (Cu/SnAg/Cu and Cu/SnAg/Ni/Cu). Results showed that the Ni layer resulted in thinner IMCs. It acted as a diffusion barrier, which effectively suppressed IMC growth. We also found that the IMC formation in both solder structures was significantly influenced by the Sn grain orientation. A lower c-axis angle of beta-Sn to EM flow associated with faster IMC formation. Sn grain size also impacted IMC growth, with larger grains resulting in slower IMC formation as a result of the reduced grain boundary density. In addition, the IMC bridging phenomenon was observed in the joints. It was found that IMC bridging occurred less frequently in Ni UBM solder joints compared to Cu/SnAg/Cu counterparts. Such a difference could be attributed to the lower solubility of Ni in Sn compared to Cu. The Ni served as a barrier, which limited the Ni dissolution into the Sn solder. It suppressed the IMC formation/growth, thereby reducing the IMC bridging probability in the Cu/SnAg/Ni/Cu joints.

随着半导体器件的小型化，互连中的电迁移（EM）故障变得更加严重，需要有效的碰撞下金属化（UBM）策略。在此，我们研究了两种UBM结构（Cu/SnAg/Cu和Cu/SnAg/Ni/Cu）中与金属间化合物（IMCs）发展相关的EM失效。结果表明，Ni层导致imc变薄。它起到了扩散屏障的作用，有效地抑制了IMC的生长。我们还发现，两种焊料结构的IMC形成都受到Sn晶粒取向的显著影响。β - sn - EM流的c轴角越小，IMC形成越快。Sn晶粒尺寸也会影响IMC的生长，晶粒越大，由于晶界密度降低，导致IMC形成较慢。此外，在关节中观察到IMC桥接现象。与Cu/SnAg/Cu焊点相比，IMC桥接在Ni UBM焊点中发生的频率更低。这种差异可能是由于Ni在Sn中的溶解度比Cu低。镍作为阻挡层，限制了镍在锡焊料中的溶解。它抑制了IMC的形成/生长，从而降低了Cu/SnAg/Ni/Cu接头中IMC的桥接概率。

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引用次数: 0

Prediction of shrink lines in powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam by means of a finite element simulation approach 用有限元模拟方法预测金属粉末床熔合过程中的收缩线

IF 3.8 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100315

Dominik Rauner, Niklas Eilers, Hannes Panzer, Lukas Frei, Michael F. Zaeh

Powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam (PBF-LB/M) enables the near-net-shape fabrication of thin-walled parts with a high geometric complexity, thus often featuring structural transitions. Due to high temperature gradients during manufacturing, these structural transitions are subject to localized deformations, which manifest themselves in a shrink line, which is reducing the part lifetime and the dimensional accuracy. In current PBF-LB/M process simulations, however, the shrink line formation cannot be predicted on a physical basis yet. In this study, a finite element approach for efficiently predicting the shrink line formation is presented. The three-stage approach begins with a numerical geometry analysis, which is used to define an appropriate finite element mesh for the subsequent analyses. This is followed by the prediction of the geometry-dependent overheating during the PBF-LB/M process. Using these overheating results and an experimentally calibrated overheating-shrink-line relation, the shrink lines are modeled in a mechanical analysis considering the physics-based effects. The simulation approach was verified on an academic specimen design and was experimentally validated on two parts with different degrees of geometric complexity. The derived overheating-shrink-line relation provided a valid strategy for predicting the resulting shrink line depth. Applying the approach, the deviation between the measurements and the shrink line simulation was determined to be lower than 41 µm. Furthermore, the prediction quality of the dimensional accuracy was increased by 6.9 % for a topology-optimized part. For the approach, necessary extensions were derived to allow for simulating an asymmetric shrink line formation in the future.

使用激光束（PBF-LB/M）进行金属粉末床熔合，可以实现具有高几何复杂性的薄壁零件的近净形状制造，因此通常具有结构转变。由于制造过程中的高温梯度，这些结构转变受到局部变形的影响，这些局部变形表现为收缩线，从而降低了零件的使用寿命和尺寸精度。然而，在目前的PBF-LB/M工艺模拟中，还不能在物理基础上预测收缩线的形成。本文提出了一种有效预测收缩线形成的有限元方法。三阶段方法从数值几何分析开始，用于为后续分析定义适当的有限元网格。接下来是预测PBF-LB/M过程中与几何相关的过热。利用这些过热结果和实验校准的过热-收缩线关系，在考虑物理效应的力学分析中对收缩线进行建模。仿真方法在一个理论试件设计上得到了验证，并在两个几何复杂度不同的零件上进行了实验验证。导出的过热-收缩线关系为预测收缩线深度提供了一种有效的策略。应用该方法，测量值与收缩线模拟值之间的偏差小于41µm。拓扑优化后的零件尺寸精度预测质量提高了6.9%。对于该方法，推导了必要的扩展，以便将来模拟不对称收缩线形成。

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引用次数: 0

Data-driven parameter optimization for bead geometry in wire arc additive manufacturing of 17-4 PH stainless steel 17-4 PH不锈钢丝弧增材制造中焊头几何参数的数据驱动优化

IF 3.8 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100319

Muhammad Irfan , Yun-Fei Fu , Shalini Singh , Sajid Ullah Butt , Abul Fazal Arif , Osezua Ibhadode , Ahmed Qureshi

Due to its high strength, corrosion resistance, and toughness, 17-4 Precipitation Hardening (PH) stainless steel is widely used in aerospace, petrochemical, and marine industries. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies enable the fabrication of complex and/or customized components while offering superior material efficiency and shorter lead times. Because of its high deposition rate, Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) can produce large metal structures. However, consistent bead profiles remain challenging because the process is highly sensitive to variations in thermal input and deposition conditions. Achieving uniform bead geometry during additive manufacturing is essential to avoid defects such as humming, spattering, and distortion, which can compromise the structural integrity of 3D components.

To achieve a uniform bead profile in WAAM, in this study, a full-factorial design of experiments is implemented to optimize the process parameters such as Wire Feed Rate (WFR), Torch Travel Speed (TTS), and Gas Flow Rate (GFR) for 17-4PH stainless steel. A backpropagation neural network (BPNN) is trained to model a non-linear relationship between these process parameters and bead geometry. Moreover, a genetic algorithm (GA) optimizes for bead uniformity and deposition efficiency. With a Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) of 0.85, the optimized parameters exhibited significantly improved uniformity and higher deposition efficiency.

17-4沉淀硬化（PH）不锈钢由于其高强度、耐腐蚀性和韧性，广泛应用于航空航天、石油化工和海洋工业。增材制造（AM）技术能够制造复杂和/或定制组件，同时提供卓越的材料效率和更短的交货时间。电弧增材制造（WAAM）由于其沉积速率高，可以生产大型金属结构。然而，由于该工艺对热输入和沉积条件的变化高度敏感，因此一致的焊头轮廓仍然具有挑战性。在增材制造过程中，实现均匀的焊头几何形状对于避免嗡嗡声、飞溅和变形等缺陷至关重要，这些缺陷可能会损害3D组件的结构完整性。为了在WAAM中获得均匀的头形，本研究对17-4PH不锈钢进行了全因子实验设计，以优化送丝速度（WFR）、火炬行进速度（TTS）和气体流量（GFR）等工艺参数。训练反向传播神经网络（BPNN）来模拟这些工艺参数与焊头几何形状之间的非线性关系。此外，采用遗传算法优化了焊头均匀性和沉积效率。结果表明，优化后的沉积参数均匀性显著提高，沉积效率显著提高，Pearson相关系数为0.85。

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引用次数: 0

Robotized hardfacing on high-strength steels: determination of impact properties with different heat inputs 高强度钢的自动化堆焊：不同热输入下冲击性能的测定

IF 3.8 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100314

Ákos Meilinger, Gábor Terdik

The use of high-strength steels as a substrate for hardfacing is becoming increasingly common in the industry (e.g., for demolition shears). In the case of joint welding, the weldability of these steels is limited because welding heat has significant affect to the base material. Both softening and hardening can occur in the different sub-zones of heat-affected zone, leading to changes in impact properties. For demolition shears, impact stresses are the most critical loads. Heat input can alter the microstructure of the heat-affected zone, potentially reducing the load-bearing capacity due to the penetration depth of the hardface layer or the buffer layer. Robotization of hardfacing creates equal layers with high precision, which helps the precise comparison. In this study, S690QL and S960QL substrates were investigated under different heat inputs, and the impact properties of these specimens were tested. Instrumented impact test results were analyzed and supplemented with surface fractography. The impact resistance of the S690QL substrate decreases with higher heat input and penetration depth. In contrast, S960QL exhibits different behavior: the use of lowest heat input causes a 226 % increase in impact energy compared with the base material. The underlying reasons for this were identified through force-time curve analysis, where the positive effect of the heat-affected zone is determined. Additionally, the maximum impact forces display different behavior for the two materials: S960QL shows higher impact force except in case of highest heat input, where the S690QL shows better force. These findings are valuable for selecting the appropriate substrate and hardfacing technology for this application and its specific loading conditions.

使用高强度钢作为堆焊的基材在工业中变得越来越普遍（例如，用于拆卸剪）。在接头焊接的情况下，由于焊接热对母材有显著影响，这些钢的可焊性受到限制。在热影响区的不同亚区均可发生软化和硬化，从而导致冲击性能的变化。对于拆剪来说，冲击应力是最关键的载荷。热输入可以改变热影响区的微观结构，由于硬面层或缓冲层的渗透深度，可能会降低承载能力。堆焊的自动化制造出高精度的等量层，这有助于精确的比较。在本研究中，研究了S690QL和S960QL基板在不同热输入下的冲击性能，并测试了这些试样的冲击性能。对仪器冲击试验结果进行分析，并辅以表面断口分析。S690QL基板的抗冲击性随热输入和穿透深度的增加而降低。相比之下，S960QL表现出不同的行为：与基材相比，使用最低的热输入导致冲击能量增加226%。通过力-时间曲线分析确定了这种情况的根本原因，其中确定了热影响区的积极影响。此外，两种材料的最大冲击力表现出不同的行为：S960QL显示出更高的冲击力，但在最高热量输入的情况下，S690QL显示出更好的冲击力。这些发现是有价值的选择适当的基材和堆焊技术，为这种应用和其特定的加载条件。

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引用次数: 0

The Influence of temperature on the microstructure and properties of Cu/Al tube joints in magnetic pulse-assisted semi-solid brazing 温度对磁脉冲辅助半固态钎焊Cu/Al管接头组织和性能的影响

IF 3.8 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100313

Zhenglei Rui , Shangyu Huang , Huajun Wang , Zhenghua Meng

This study addresses the technical challenge of copper/aluminum (Cu/Al) tube joining through the innovative application of magnetic pulse-assisted semi-solid brazing (MPASSB) technology. Through an integrated approach combining finite element simulation with microstructural characterization, this study systematically investigates how brazing temperature (390–440 °C) influences the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu/Al tube joints. Notably, a novel finite element method-smoothed particle hydrodynamics (FEM-SPH) coupling model has been developed. This model enables precise simulation of fluid-solid interactions between tubes and filler metal during the brazing process, providing fresh insights into oxide layer removal mechanisms. The research reveals that brazing temperature serves as the critical parameter governing the elemental diffusion and microstructural evolution in the joint. As the temperature increases from 390 °C to 440 °C, the viscosity coefficient of the filler metal decreases significantly from 41.6Pa·s to 1.798Pa·s, resulting in enhanced fluidity that promotes interfacial interactions between the tubes and filler metal and effectively removes surface oxide films, thus improving joint quality. However, excessive temperature intensifies the filler metal ejection, increasing the risk of filler metal deficiency at the top of the joint. Mechanical testing demonstrates that joints brazed at 440 °C achieve optimal shear strength of 81.1 MPa, with fracture occurring at the copper-side (Cu-side) interface between the Al_4.2Cu_3.2Zn_0.7 intermetallic phase and the diffusion layer. This work establishes fundamental theoretical guidance for optimizing MPASSB process parameters and facilitates the efficient joining of Cu/Al tubes.

本研究通过磁脉冲辅助半固态钎焊（MPASSB）技术的创新应用，解决了铜/铝（Cu/Al）管连接的技术挑战。本研究采用有限元模拟与微观组织表征相结合的方法，系统研究了钎焊温度（390 ~ 440℃）对Cu/Al管接头微观组织和力学性能的影响。值得注意的是，本文提出了一种新的有限元方法-光滑颗粒流体动力学（FEM-SPH）耦合模型。该模型能够精确模拟钎焊过程中管道和填充金属之间的流固相互作用，为氧化层去除机制提供新的见解。研究表明，钎焊温度是控制接头中元素扩散和组织演变的关键参数。随着温度从390℃升高到440℃，填料金属的粘度系数从41.6Pa·s显著降低到1.798Pa·s，流动性增强，促进了管材与填料金属之间的界面相互作用，有效去除表面氧化膜，提高了接头质量。然而，过高的温度加剧了填充金属的喷出，增加了接头顶部填充金属不足的风险。力学试验结果表明，440℃钎焊接头抗剪强度为81.1 MPa，断裂发生在Al4.2Cu3.2Zn0.7金属间相与扩散层之间的铜侧（cu侧）界面。该工作为优化MPASSB工艺参数提供了基础理论指导，促进了Cu/Al管的高效连接。

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引用次数: 0

Heat treatment optimisation of 18 % Ni maraging steel produced by DED-ARC for enhancing mechanical properties 为提高机械性能，对氩弧焊18% Ni马氏体时效钢进行热处理优化

IF 3.8 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100312

Maja Lindič , Damjan Klobčar , Aleš Nagode , Nikolaj Mole , Borut Žužek , Tomaž Vuherer

This article deals with the Directed Energy Deposition using Wire and Arc (DED-ARC) for maraging steel cladding. A technology for cladding using Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) has been developed that enables the perfect deposition of maraging steel. The material characterisation was carried out in different material states: in the as-built, solution annealed and aged. The research included visual examinations, optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy / Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), fractography, hardness testing, tensile testing and impact toughness testing. The as-deposited state exhibited a microstructure with very long crystal grains and microsegregations orientated the direction of the heat sink, consisting of lath martensite. Consequently, a subsequent heat treatment is absolutely necessary in order to obtain a uniform fine-grained microstructure. Two different solution annealing processes were analysed, which allowed us to select the most suitable process for the first step of heat treatment followed by aging. A response surface methodology was used to optimise the aging conditions. The results show that additively manufactured maraging steel reaches a tensile strength of 1947 MPa, a hardness of 657 HV5 and a Charpy impact toughness of 11 J at peak aging condition, which is comparable to conventionally manufactured maraging steel.

本文研究了金属丝电弧定向能沉积法（ed - Arc）在马氏体时效钢包层中的应用。研究了一种采用气体保护金属弧焊（GMAW）的熔覆技术，使马氏体时效钢得到完美的熔覆。在不同的材料状态下进行了材料表征：在建成时，溶液退火和时效。研究包括目视检查、光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜/能量色散x射线能谱（SEM/EDS）、断口分析、硬度测试、拉伸测试和冲击韧性测试。沉积态的显微组织为板条马氏体，晶粒极长，微偏析取向于热沉方向。因此，为了获得均匀的细晶组织，随后的热处理是绝对必要的。分析了两种不同的固溶退火工艺，从而选择了最合适的工艺进行第一步热处理，然后进行时效处理。采用响应面法对老化条件进行优化。结果表明：在峰值时效状态下，添加剂制备的马氏体时效钢的抗拉强度为1947 MPa，硬度为657 HV5，夏比冲击韧性为11 J，与常规制备的马氏体时效钢相当。

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引用次数: 0

Controlling debond on demand performance in adhesive systems using structurally tuned expandable graphite fillers 用结构调整的可膨胀石墨填料控制粘接系统的按需脱粘性能

IF 3.8 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100309

O Kachouri, J Bardon, D Ruch, A Laachachi

The emergence of debonding technologies has enabled adhesive systems to better align with the principles of sustainability and the circular economy by addressing the gap between the end-of-life stage of adhesively bonded products and the potential for component reuse. In this context, the present study explores the application of thermally responsive additives to induce controlled debonding in adhesive joints. In our previous investigations, it was shown that integrating various types of flame retardants (intumescent and non-intumescent) significantly reduced the debonding temperature, by altering the thermomechanical properties of the joint at temperatures substantially lower than the degradation onset of the unmodified adhesive system. Expandable graphite (EG), a thermally responsive material, has previously been employed with success for similar purposes. Its incorporation into the adhesive layer, even in trace amounts, results in a very significant expansion upon the application of heat, thereby providing an effective mechanism for disassembling adhesively bonded structural assemblies. The present study builds on this prior research and probes deeper into the manufacturing processes underlying EG. The primary hypothesis explored is whether tailoring these processes can result in modulating the thermal response of adhesives modified by EG, thereby achieving debonding at distinct temperature ranges suitable for a wide spectrum of applications. This study investigates EG-modified adhesives, assessing their mechanical properties, thermomechanical degradation, and microstructural changes using characterization techniques such as pull-off tests, microtomography, TGA, and DMA. Finally, the recycling potential is demonstrated through the successful reuse of debonded substrates after a simple cleaning process.

脱粘技术的出现，通过解决粘接产品生命周期结束阶段与组件再利用潜力之间的差距，使粘接系统更好地符合可持续性和循环经济原则。在此背景下，本研究探讨了热响应性添加剂在粘合接头中诱导可控脱粘的应用。在我们之前的研究中，我们已经表明，整合各种类型的阻燃剂（膨胀型和非膨胀型）可以显著降低脱粘温度，这是通过改变接头的热机械性能来实现的，其温度大大低于未改性粘合剂系统的降解温度。可膨胀石墨（EG）是一种热响应材料，以前曾成功用于类似目的。将其掺入粘合层，即使是微量的，也会在加热时产生非常显著的膨胀，从而为粘合结构组件的拆卸提供了有效的机制。本研究建立在先前研究的基础上，并深入探讨了EG的制造过程。研究的主要假设是，调整这些过程是否可以调节EG改性胶粘剂的热反应，从而在适合广泛应用的不同温度范围内实现脱粘。本研究研究了eg改性胶粘剂，利用表征技术，如拉伸测试、显微断层扫描、TGA和DMA，评估了它们的机械性能、热机械降解和微观结构变化。最后，通过简单的清洗过程后成功地重复使用脱粘基材，证明了回收潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Tailoring flux composition to control welding fume and hexavalent chromium emissions in flux cored arc welding 调整焊剂成分以控制焊剂芯弧焊中的焊烟和六价铬排放

IF 3.8 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100311

Sungyo Jung , Gi Taek Oh , Seungjin Jung , Chungsik Yoon

Flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) generates hazardous byproducts such as welding fumes and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), posing significant health and environmental risks. This study investigated the effectiveness of modifying specific flux components in flux-cored wires (FCWs) to reduce these emissions. One base FCW and ten flux-modified FCWs were tested under controlled conditions, capturing emissions for gravimetric and Cr(VI) analysis. Flux compositions were determined using X-ray fluorescence. Statistical analyses, including difference tests, correlation, and multiple linear regression, were conducted to evaluate the association between the content of flux components and emission rates. Sodium (Na) content in the flux was positively associated with increased emission of welding fumes and Cr(VI), while titanium (Ti) content showed a negative association. Increasing the contents of fluorine (F), potassium (K), and chromium (Cr) in the flux raised welding fume emission but reduced Cr(VI) emissions. Strategic adjustments in flux composition, specifically increasing Ti, silicon (Si) and zirconium (Zr) while decreasing Cr, K, Na, and F content, significantly reduced welding fume emissions by up to 32.4 % and Cr(VI) emissions by 95.4 %. These findings suggest that tailoring flux composition can effectively mitigate occupational and environmental hazards, enhance welder safety, and promote more sustainable FCAW practices without compromising welding performance.

药芯弧焊（FCAW）产生有害的副产品，如焊接烟雾和六价铬（Cr(VI)），构成重大的健康和环境风险。本研究探讨了改性药芯焊丝（FCWs）中特定助焊剂成分以减少这些排放的有效性。在受控条件下测试了一种碱性FCW和十种改性FCW，捕获排放物进行重量和Cr（VI）分析。用x射线荧光测定通量组成。采用差异检验、相关分析和多元线性回归等统计分析方法对通量组分含量与排放率之间的关系进行了评价。助焊剂中钠（Na）含量与焊烟和铬（VI）排放量的增加呈正相关，钛（Ti）含量呈负相关。增加焊剂中氟(F)、钾(K)和铬（Cr）的含量，提高了焊烟排放，但降低了Cr（VI）排放。对焊剂成分进行战略性调整，特别是增加Ti、硅（Si）和锆（Zr），同时降低Cr、K、Na和F含量，可显著降低焊接烟尘排放量达32.4%，降低Cr（VI）排放量达95.4%。这些发现表明，调整焊剂成分可以有效地减轻职业和环境危害，提高焊工的安全性，并在不影响焊接性能的情况下促进更可持续的FCAW实践。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing mechanical properties and isotropy in ultrasonic assisted powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam (PBF-LB/M) via Dual Exposure 双曝光激光增强超声辅助粉末床金属熔合的力学性能和各向同性

IF 3.8 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Advanced Joining Processes

Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jajp.2025.100307

Sebastian Platt , Jan Wegner , Arno Elspaß , Hanna Schönrath , Stefan Kleszczynski

Parts produced via powder bed fusion of metal using a laser beam process often exhibit mechanical anisotropy due to the directional solidification, complicating part design. This study explores the use of ultrasonic-assistance to reduce anisotropy by promoting microstructural homogenization through increased nucleation. Specimens were fabricated using a dual exposure strategy, to avoid the challenges that arise with the in-situ ultrasonic excitation of a powder bed. Furthermore, a comprehensive microstructural as well as mechanical analysis was carried out. Microstructural analysis revealed increased grain orientation variation in ultrasonically treated specimens. Mechanical testing showed improved tensile and yield strength and reduced anisotropy, with tensile and yield strength anisotropy decreasing by 55.4 % and 46.1 %, respectively. Despite increased surface roughness, ultrasonic treatment reduced anisotropy in ductility-related properties, highlighting its potential to improve the performance of additively manufactured parts by reducing anisotropy and simultaneously enhancing mechanical properties.

由于定向凝固，使用激光束工艺通过粉末床熔化金属生产的零件往往表现出机械各向异性，使零件设计复杂化。本研究探索利用超声辅助通过增加成核来促进微观结构均质化，从而降低各向异性。采用双曝光策略制备样品，以避免粉末床原位超声激励所带来的挑战。此外，还进行了全面的显微组织和力学分析。显微组织分析显示，超声处理后的样品晶粒取向变化增加。力学试验结果表明，抗拉强度和屈服强度各向异性得到改善，抗拉强度和屈服强度各向异性分别降低55.4%和46.1%。尽管表面粗糙度增加，但超声处理降低了延性相关性能的各向异性，突出了其通过减少各向异性同时提高机械性能来改善增材制造零件性能的潜力。

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引用次数: 0