Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2022110211
O. I. Talantseva, Iuliia An, M. Zhukova, A. Trubitsyna, A.V. Teedemaa, E. Grigorenko
Difficulties in language development are common hallmarks of different neuro-developmental disorders. Early diagnosis is a crucial factor for proper early interventions and better prognosis. Currently, there is a severe shortage of standardized instruments for assessing potential language disorders in Russia. To address this gap, we analyzed the psychometric properties of the Russian version of the Preschool Language Scale, 5th edition (RPLS-5). The sample consisted of 473 children aged 3 to 96 months (Mean=32.64, SD=19.79), including 224 typically developing (TD) children and 240 at-risk (AR) children. To assess the reliability of the Russian version of the PLS-5, we used both Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT). The results indicated the high reliability of the RPLS-5 based on both types of analyses. According to the results of IRT analysis, the difficulty of items ranged from very easy to very difficult, and with few exceptions, the difficulty parameters consistently increased for each subsequent item, reflecting the hierarchical organization of the test. The discrimination parameters ranged from high to perfect. In general, IRT demonstrated that the RPLS-5 is reliable for low-to-high levels of language abilities.
{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Preschool Language Scales, Fifth Edition (PLS-5) in Russian-Speaking Children: A Classical and Item Response Theory Study","authors":"O. I. Talantseva, Iuliia An, M. Zhukova, A. Trubitsyna, A.V. Teedemaa, E. Grigorenko","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2022110211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110211","url":null,"abstract":"Difficulties in language development are common hallmarks of different neuro-developmental disorders. Early diagnosis is a crucial factor for proper early interventions and better prognosis. Currently, there is a severe shortage of standardized instruments for assessing potential language disorders in Russia. To address this gap, we analyzed the psychometric properties of the Russian version of the Preschool Language Scale, 5th edition (RPLS-5). The sample consisted of 473 children aged 3 to 96 months (Mean=32.64, SD=19.79), including 224 typically developing (TD) children and 240 at-risk (AR) children. To assess the reliability of the Russian version of the PLS-5, we used both Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT). The results indicated the high reliability of the RPLS-5 based on both types of analyses. According to the results of IRT analysis, the difficulty of items ranged from very easy to very difficult, and with few exceptions, the difficulty parameters consistently increased for each subsequent item, reflecting the hierarchical organization of the test. The discrimination parameters ranged from high to perfect. In general, IRT demonstrated that the RPLS-5 is reliable for low-to-high levels of language abilities.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133927997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2022110407
A. Rakhmanina, A. Kholmogorova, L. B. Zavaliy, M. Kalantarova, S. Petrikov
The article presents the results of a pilot study of personality factors that affect the severity of symptoms of emotional disadaptation among patients with movement disorders in the face. The study involved 41 patients with an established neurological diagnosis with clinical manifestations in the form of movement disorders in the face. The age of the respondents ranged from 22 to 66 years (mean age – 35.5±9.40). While studying the severity of emotional disadaptation the following have been included: the BFNE scale of fear of negative evaluation, aimed at studying the severity of fear of negative evaluation from others people (Leary, 1983; adaptation of E.N. Klimenkova, A.B. Kholmogorova, 2017), a depression scale aimed at examining the severity of symptoms of depression (Beck, 1961; adaptation of N.V. Tarabrina, 2001) and a Situational inventory of body image dysphoria designed to assess the negative attitude towards one's own body in the context certain situations (SIBID, Cash, 1994; adaptation of L.T. Baranskaya, A.E. Tkachenko, S.S. Tataurova, 2008) To study the psychological factors of emotional maladaptation, we used a three-factor questionnaire of physical perfectionism (A.B. Kholmogorova, A.A. Rakhmanina, 2020), a three-factor questionnaire of perfectionism (N.G. Garanyan, A.B. Kholmogorova , T.Yu. Yudeeva, 2018) and alexithymia scale (Toronto Alexithymia Scale or TAS-20 – G.J. Taylor et al., 1985; E.G. Starostina, 2009). Increased indicators of social anxiety were revealed in 66% of respondents, and moderate or severe symptoms of depression – in 39%; more than a third of respondents (37%) note increased appearance dissatisfaction. Physical appearance perfectionism, perfectionist cognitive style, and externally oriented thinking influenced body dissatisfaction level. In turn, the level of social anxiety depends on the level of socially prescribed perfectionism and the severity of external thinking, and the severity of symptoms of depression depends on the perfectionist’s cognitive style and the difficulty of identifying feelings. The results obtained substantiate the need to organize psychological assistance to this contingent and, on the basis of the developed methodological complex, make it possible to identify patients with an increased risk of emotional maladaptation.
{"title":"Psychological Factors of Emotional Disadaptation in Patients with Facial Movement Disorders","authors":"A. Rakhmanina, A. Kholmogorova, L. B. Zavaliy, M. Kalantarova, S. Petrikov","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2022110407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110407","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a pilot study of personality factors that affect the severity of symptoms of emotional disadaptation among patients with movement disorders in the face. The study involved 41 patients with an established neurological diagnosis with clinical manifestations in the form of movement disorders in the face. The age of the respondents ranged from 22 to 66 years (mean age – 35.5±9.40). While studying the severity of emotional disadaptation the following have been included: the BFNE scale of fear of negative evaluation, aimed at studying the severity of fear of negative evaluation from others people (Leary, 1983; adaptation of E.N. Klimenkova, A.B. Kholmogorova, 2017), a depression scale aimed at examining the severity of symptoms of depression (Beck, 1961; adaptation of N.V. Tarabrina, 2001) and a Situational inventory of body image dysphoria designed to assess the negative attitude towards one's own body in the context certain situations (SIBID, Cash, 1994; adaptation of L.T. Baranskaya, A.E. Tkachenko, S.S. Tataurova, 2008) To study the psychological factors of emotional maladaptation, we used a three-factor questionnaire of physical perfectionism (A.B. Kholmogorova, A.A. Rakhmanina, 2020), a three-factor questionnaire of perfectionism (N.G. Garanyan, A.B. Kholmogorova , T.Yu. Yudeeva, 2018) and alexithymia scale (Toronto Alexithymia Scale or TAS-20 – G.J. Taylor et al., 1985; E.G. Starostina, 2009). Increased indicators of social anxiety were revealed in 66% of respondents, and moderate or severe symptoms of depression – in 39%; more than a third of respondents (37%) note increased appearance dissatisfaction. Physical appearance perfectionism, perfectionist cognitive style, and externally oriented thinking influenced body dissatisfaction level. In turn, the level of social anxiety depends on the level of socially prescribed perfectionism and the severity of external thinking, and the severity of symptoms of depression depends on the perfectionist’s cognitive style and the difficulty of identifying feelings. The results obtained substantiate the need to organize psychological assistance to this contingent and, on the basis of the developed methodological complex, make it possible to identify patients with an increased risk of emotional maladaptation.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130570942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2019080306
M. Danina, N. Kiselnikova, E. Kuminskaya, P. Grešková
The prevalence of depression among the population estimated at 8-12%. The World Health Organization admits that the existing help system is not sufficiently successful in dealing with depression, and gives priority to online methods – accessible and anonymous. So it can be used by a large number of people and can help to overcome the problem of stigmatization of people with depression. In the article current trends in using online diagnostics tools (mobile applications and gadgets) are discussed and detection of groups with depression risk in social media digital footprints are analyzed. The prospect of research consists in studying the mechanisms and identifying specific components of programs related to the preventive effect, as well as the possibilities of using online methods to work with other mental disorders.
{"title":"Methods for Preventing Depression on Digital Platforms and in Social Media","authors":"M. Danina, N. Kiselnikova, E. Kuminskaya, P. Grešková","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2019080306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2019080306","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of depression among the population estimated at 8-12%. The World Health Organization admits that the existing help system is not sufficiently successful in dealing with depression, and gives priority to online methods – accessible and anonymous. So it can be used by a large number of people and can help to overcome the problem of stigmatization of people with depression. In the article current trends in using online diagnostics tools (mobile applications and gadgets) are discussed and detection of groups with depression risk in social media digital footprints are analyzed. The prospect of research consists in studying the mechanisms and identifying specific components of programs related to the preventive effect, as well as the possibilities of using online methods to work with other mental disorders.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126107228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2022110409
N. Kartushina, E. Oshchepkova, O. Almazova, D. Bukhalenkova
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the experience of using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary tool to assess receptive vocabulary in preschoolers. The study involved 619 Russian-speaking children aged 3–7 years (M=67.80, SD=13.73), 48.3% of whom were boys. The Peabody Picture Vocabulary test-IV (form A) was used in the study. The article analyzed differences between children of different age groups from 3.5 to 7.5 years with a step of six months. It was found that there were significant differences in the ceiling items, the total number of errors, and the raw scores in children of different age groups. No gender differences were found. An analysis of the children's performance of series and individual tasks showed that the complexity of the tasks was unevenly distributed. As a result, the methodology in its current form does not work quite as it was intended by its creators: Moscow preschoolers go through a lot of series and spend a lot of time on the implementation of the methodology, which is due to differences in the lexical systems between Russian and English. In this regard, the tool is not optimal for use in its current form; the authors of the article propose to design a local tool for the assessment of the receptive vocabulary in Russian preschoolers.
{"title":"The Use of Peabody Tool in the Assessment of Passive Vocabulary in Preschoolers","authors":"N. Kartushina, E. Oshchepkova, O. Almazova, D. Bukhalenkova","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2022110409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110409","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the experience of using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary tool to assess receptive vocabulary in preschoolers. The study involved 619 Russian-speaking children aged 3–7 years (M=67.80, SD=13.73), 48.3% of whom were boys. The Peabody Picture Vocabulary test-IV (form A) was used in the study. The article analyzed differences between children of different age groups from 3.5 to 7.5 years with a step of six months. It was found that there were significant differences in the ceiling items, the total number of errors, and the raw scores in children of different age groups. No gender differences were found. An analysis of the children's performance of series and individual tasks showed that the complexity of the tasks was unevenly distributed. As a result, the methodology in its current form does not work quite as it was intended by its creators: Moscow preschoolers go through a lot of series and spend a lot of time on the implementation of the methodology, which is due to differences in the lexical systems between Russian and English. In this regard, the tool is not optimal for use in its current form; the authors of the article propose to design a local tool for the assessment of the receptive vocabulary in Russian preschoolers.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123474462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2022110109
L. Cherenkova, L. Sokolova
The study aimed at the analyzing of the temporal dynamics of visual priming in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study involved 20 children with typical development (5 girls and 15 boys, age 6.4±0.4 years), 20 children with mild form of ASD (all boys, age 6.7±0.3 years), 20 children with medium form of ASD (18 boys and 2 girls, age 6.6±0.4 years), 20 children with hard ASD (17 boys and 3 girls, age 6.8±0.2 years). The priming paradigm was used as a research model. Targets were in the form of gratings of horizontal and vertical lines with a repetition rate of 10 cycles per degree. A prime in the form of a vertical grating with a repetition rate of 2 cycles per degree was presented ahead of the target stimulus by 50–600 ms. In the course of the study, it was found that, in contrast to the typical development, in all children with ASD, the effect of prime is absent at interstimulus intervals (ISI) of 50÷150 ms. The response time decreases to congruent and incongruent targets with ISI 200–600 ms with light and medium ASD and with ISI 200–300 ms with hard ASD. The results indicate that changes in the mechanisms of interaction between the prime and targets and the switching of attention between them are manifested in different time intervals after the prime, depending on the severity of ASD.
{"title":"Visual Priming in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders","authors":"L. Cherenkova, L. Sokolova","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2022110109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110109","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed at the analyzing of the temporal dynamics of visual priming in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study involved 20 children with typical development (5 girls and 15 boys, age 6.4±0.4 years), 20 children with mild form of ASD (all boys, age 6.7±0.3 years), 20 children with medium form of ASD (18 boys and 2 girls, age 6.6±0.4 years), 20 children with hard ASD (17 boys and 3 girls, age 6.8±0.2 years). The priming paradigm was used as a research model. Targets were in the form of gratings of horizontal and vertical lines with a repetition rate of 10 cycles per degree. A prime in the form of a vertical grating with a repetition rate of 2 cycles per degree was presented ahead of the target stimulus by 50–600 ms. In the course of the study, it was found that, in contrast to the typical development, in all children with ASD, the effect of prime is absent at interstimulus intervals (ISI) of 50÷150 ms. The response time decreases to congruent and incongruent targets with ISI 200–600 ms with light and medium ASD and with ISI 200–300 ms with hard ASD. The results indicate that changes in the mechanisms of interaction between the prime and targets and the switching of attention between them are manifested in different time intervals after the prime, depending on the severity of ASD.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122247167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2022110108
M. V. Pekker, A. Gvozdetckii, O. Shchelkova
The study attempted to experimentally evaluate cognitive correlates of lack of insight (understood as a metacognitive function — ability to recognize and correct erroneous decisions). The sample of patients with paranoid schizophrenia (N=100, mean age 33.2±8.1 years) was divided into two groups based on clinical indicators of insight: data about patients’ attitude to their erroneous decisions, personality and symptoms. Group characteristic: high insight n=61; low insight n=39. The assumption about factor structure of insight was made and factors were constructed by confirmatory factor analysis. The final model included 9 quantitative parameters of insight. The first factor included: Diligence, Interest to the Results, Adequate Understanding of purpose of survey, Response to comment, Response to help. The second — External control, Response to errors, Perception of instruction, Awareness to symptoms. Cognitive functioning were assessed by: Standard battery of neuropsychological assessment (subtests “Clock faces”, “Portraits”, series of plot pictures “Apple tree”, “Involuntary recall”, Poppelreuter Overlapping figures test, “Incomplete images”); Schulte table; Amatuni–Vasserman Digit cancellation test; The Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS) (subtests “Similarities”, “Digit span”, “Digit symbol coding”); Zeigarnik Exclusion of items; Trail making test (TMT); Brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia battery (BACS) (subtests “Verbal memory”, “Digit sequencing”, “Verbal fluency”, “Symbol coding”); Rey–Osterrieth Complex figure (ROCF); Hopkins verbal learning test (HVLT). The low insight patients showed poorer performance in various cognitive domains. Such as verbal learning and visual-motor memory, attention shifting, processing speed, executive function. In addition, the severity of lack of insight was significant for differences in number of distortions in visual perception task and severity of formal thought disorder. These results could be used in process of experimental insight assessment tools development and therapeutic interventions targeted on metacognitive deficit of schizophrenia patients.
{"title":"Experimental Psychological Evaluation of Lack of Insight in Paranoid Schizophrenia Patients: Cognitive Function Assessment.","authors":"M. V. Pekker, A. Gvozdetckii, O. Shchelkova","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2022110108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110108","url":null,"abstract":"The study attempted to experimentally evaluate cognitive correlates of lack of insight (understood as a metacognitive function — ability to recognize and correct erroneous decisions). The sample of patients with paranoid schizophrenia (N=100, mean age 33.2±8.1 years) was divided into two groups based on clinical indicators of insight: data about patients’ attitude to their erroneous decisions, personality and symptoms. Group characteristic: high insight n=61; low insight n=39. The assumption about factor structure of insight was made and factors were constructed by confirmatory factor analysis. The final model included 9 quantitative parameters of insight. The first factor included: Diligence, Interest to the Results, Adequate Understanding of purpose of survey, Response to comment, Response to help. The second — External control, Response to errors, Perception of instruction, Awareness to symptoms. Cognitive functioning were assessed by: Standard battery of neuropsychological assessment (subtests “Clock faces”, “Portraits”, series of plot pictures “Apple tree”, “Involuntary recall”, Poppelreuter Overlapping figures test, “Incomplete images”); Schulte table; Amatuni–Vasserman Digit cancellation test; The Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS) (subtests “Similarities”, “Digit span”, “Digit symbol coding”); Zeigarnik Exclusion of items; Trail making test (TMT); Brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia battery (BACS) (subtests “Verbal memory”, “Digit sequencing”, “Verbal fluency”, “Symbol coding”); Rey–Osterrieth Complex figure (ROCF); Hopkins verbal learning test (HVLT). The low insight patients showed poorer performance in various cognitive domains. Such as verbal learning and visual-motor memory, attention shifting, processing speed, executive function. In addition, the severity of lack of insight was significant for differences in number of distortions in visual perception task and severity of formal thought disorder. These results could be used in process of experimental insight assessment tools development and therapeutic interventions targeted on metacognitive deficit of schizophrenia patients.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122379913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2022110308
M. Odintsova, D. Lubovsky, E. Gusarova, P. Ivanova
The problem of the research is important in the context of psychological assistance and interaction with adolescents with disabilities. The study aimed to carry out a comparative analysis of the resilience profiles of adolescents with congenital (cerebral palsy), acquired disabilities (oncology, rheumatic diseases) and healthy peers. The study involved 51 adolescents with cerebral palsy, 61 with oncological diseases, 51 with rheumatic diseases and 86 conditionally healthy adolescents aged 13 to 18 years old. In total it embraced 249 teenagers (mean age 14.94+1.48), of which 128 were male and 121 were female. There were used the following methods: the “Victimity” questionnaire (M.A. Odintsova, N.P. Radchikova), “Resilience Test” (E.N. Osin, E.I. Rasskazova) and “COPE” questionnaire (E.I. Rasskazova, T.O. Gordeeva, E.N. Osin). The study revealed significant differences in the resilience profiles of adolescents from different groups: healthy teenagers are mainly characterized by unstable and resilient profiles; adolescents with oncology and rheumatic diseases — by all three profiles; adolescents with cerebral palsy — by victim and unstable ones. The female part of the sample, unlike the male part, are characterized by unstable and victim profiles. The most significant differences in groups with different resilience profiles were found in coping strategies related to the dysfunctional coping style. The use of coping strategies: behavioral disengagement, mental disengagement, concentration on emotions and humor leads to a decrease in resilience in the boys of the entire sample. Concentration on emotions, behavioral disengagement, mental disengagement, and infrequent use of active coping are predictors of reduced resilience in girls.
{"title":"Adolescent Resilience Profiles (on the Example of Adolescents with Congenital, Acquired Disabilities and Healthy Peers)","authors":"M. Odintsova, D. Lubovsky, E. Gusarova, P. Ivanova","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2022110308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110308","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of the research is important in the context of psychological assistance and interaction with adolescents with disabilities. The study aimed to carry out a comparative analysis of the resilience profiles of adolescents with congenital (cerebral palsy), acquired disabilities (oncology, rheumatic diseases) and healthy peers. The study involved 51 adolescents with cerebral palsy, 61 with oncological diseases, 51 with rheumatic diseases and 86 conditionally healthy adolescents aged 13 to 18 years old. In total it embraced 249 teenagers (mean age 14.94+1.48), of which 128 were male and 121 were female. There were used the following methods: the “Victimity” questionnaire (M.A. Odintsova, N.P. Radchikova), “Resilience Test” (E.N. Osin, E.I. Rasskazova) and “COPE” questionnaire (E.I. Rasskazova, T.O. Gordeeva, E.N. Osin). The study revealed significant differences in the resilience profiles of adolescents from different groups: healthy teenagers are mainly characterized by unstable and resilient profiles; adolescents with oncology and rheumatic diseases — by all three profiles; adolescents with cerebral palsy — by victim and unstable ones. The female part of the sample, unlike the male part, are characterized by unstable and victim profiles. The most significant differences in groups with different resilience profiles were found in coping strategies related to the dysfunctional coping style. The use of coping strategies: behavioral disengagement, mental disengagement, concentration on emotions and humor leads to a decrease in resilience in the boys of the entire sample. Concentration on emotions, behavioral disengagement, mental disengagement, and infrequent use of active coping are predictors of reduced resilience \u0000in girls.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124845971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2022110302
I. Roschina, M. Kalantarova, A. Shvedovskaya, A. Hromov
The problem of preventing factors associated with the risks of cognitive decline and hindering active longevity in old age is becoming increasingly important. According to the United Nations in 2019, about 10% of the total population in the world is over the age of 65, and by 2050 this figure will already be 20%. The syndrome of mild cognitive decline is considered as a transitional state between normal physiological aging and dementia. The two modern approaches to the prevention of cognitive impairment during aging are presented. Methods for the prevention of cognitive impairments are proposed to be considered according to the level of organization of mental activity, to which they mainly appeal: based on the semantic level (training) and the level of personal meanings (stimulation programs). The experience of preventing cognitive decline in the elderly within the framework of the program of psychosocial therapy and neurocognitive rehabilitation at the “Memory Clinic” (Russia) and the “Cognitive Stimulation Therapy” (CST) program (Great Britain) is described.
{"title":"Prevention of Cognitive Decline in Elderly: Programs \"Memory Clinic\" and \"Cognitive Stimulation Therapy\"","authors":"I. Roschina, M. Kalantarova, A. Shvedovskaya, A. Hromov","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2022110302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110302","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of preventing factors associated with the risks of cognitive decline and hindering active longevity in old age is becoming increasingly important. According to the United Nations in 2019, about 10% of the total population in the world is over the age of 65, and by 2050 this figure will already be 20%. The syndrome of mild cognitive decline is considered as a transitional state between normal physiological aging and dementia. The two modern approaches to the prevention of cognitive impairment during aging are presented. Methods for the prevention of cognitive impairments are proposed to be considered according to the level of organization of mental activity, to which they mainly appeal: based on the semantic level (training) and the level of personal meanings (stimulation programs). The experience of preventing cognitive decline in the elderly within the framework of the program of psychosocial therapy and neurocognitive rehabilitation at the “Memory Clinic” (Russia) and the “Cognitive Stimulation Therapy” (CST) program (Great Britain) is described.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125516604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2022110102
N. Kravtsova, E.V. Kinyaykina, V.V. Trukhan
The study tested the hypothesis of difference of personality identity in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and healthy individuals and of association of difference with manifestations of aggressiveness. The sample of 75 subjects includes an experimental group of 45 patients, aged 21 to 38 years old (M=27.85, SD=3.21), with an established diagnosis of GERD, 66.7% men and 33.3% women. Control group of 30 normal individuals aged 21 to 32 years (М=26.90, SD=3.87), who do not have a history of GERD, 66.0% men and 40.0% women. The methodological complex includes: Method for the Study of Personal Identity Schneider (MILES); Questionnaire for Objective Measurement of Status Ego-Identity (adaption by Gavrilova, Glushak); ISTA (Tupitsyn et al.); the method “Types of aggressiveness” (Pochebut); Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. The diffuse identity was revealed in 48.9% of patient group, the "moratorium" identity status was revealed in 20.0%, while achieved positive identity, premature identity, and pseudo-positive identity were found in 17.7%, 6.7%, and 6.7% of patients, accordingly. The "moratorium" identity status was revealed in 30.0% of normal group, while achieved positive identity, "moratorium" identity, and pseudo-positive identity were found in 26.6%, 23.3%, and 16.7% of patients, accordingly. Also, in GERD patients following connections with different aggression indicators were revealed depending on the identity status: the status of the adopted identity is directly related to the object aggression; the status of a moratorium related with the deficit aggression, the status of achieved identity related with the indirect aggression and guilt. Personal identity indicator corresponds to the status of accepted and diffuse identity. It was revealed that the lower state of personal identity indicator connected to the higher state of the irritation and hostility in patients. The control group did not reveal significant links between the indicators of identity and indicators of aggression.
{"title":"Identity of Patients with Reflux Disease in Connection with Aggression","authors":"N. Kravtsova, E.V. Kinyaykina, V.V. Trukhan","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2022110102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110102","url":null,"abstract":"The study tested the hypothesis of difference of personality identity in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and healthy individuals and of association of difference with manifestations of aggressiveness. The sample of 75 subjects includes an experimental group of 45 patients, aged 21 to 38 years old (M=27.85, SD=3.21), with an established diagnosis of GERD, 66.7% men and 33.3% women. Control group of 30 normal individuals aged 21 to 32 years (М=26.90, SD=3.87), who do not have a history of GERD, 66.0% men and 40.0% women. The methodological complex includes: Method for the Study of Personal Identity Schneider (MILES); Questionnaire for Objective Measurement of Status Ego-Identity (adaption by Gavrilova, Glushak); ISTA (Tupitsyn et al.); the method “Types of aggressiveness” (Pochebut); Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. The diffuse identity was revealed in 48.9% of patient group, the \"moratorium\" identity status was revealed in 20.0%, while achieved positive identity, premature identity, and pseudo-positive identity were found in 17.7%, 6.7%, and 6.7% of patients, accordingly. The \"moratorium\" identity status was revealed in 30.0% of normal group, while achieved positive identity, \"moratorium\" identity, and pseudo-positive identity were found in 26.6%, 23.3%, and 16.7% of patients, accordingly. Also, in GERD patients following connections with different aggression indicators were revealed depending on the identity status: the status of the adopted identity is directly related to the object aggression; the status of \u0000a moratorium related with the deficit aggression, the status of achieved identity related with the indirect aggression and guilt. Personal identity indicator corresponds to the status of accepted and diffuse identity. It was revealed that the lower state of personal identity indicator connected to the higher state of the irritation and hostility in patients. The control group did not reveal significant links between the indicators of identity and indicators of aggression.\u0000","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130353890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2021100213
I. Korobeynikov, N. Babkina
The article is devoted to the problem of determining of the scientific criteria and factors for predicting the psychosocial development of students with special needs and disabilities in the modern educational environment. The features of the modern population of students with special needs and disabilities would need to be clarified in the context of the emergence of variable forms of education and the introduction of federal state educational standards for such students into Russian educational practice. Axiomatic ideas about typical manifestations of psychophysical developmental disorders in childhood, the criteria for its classification and differentiation would need to be revised on the basis of specially designed complex and prolonged clinical, psychological and educational studies. Authors emphasize the need of clarifying the features, causes and mechanisms of learning difficulties, adaptation and socialization of students with special needs and disabilities, which inevitably undergoing various transformations in a changing socio-cultural environment. According to the main methodological basis of this study — Cultural-Historical Approach, the leading role is given to social factors concentrated in the educational environment, which are currently the least studied. There are no studies based on the long-term monitoring of changes in the specific features in the process of education. Meanwhile, such data would make it possible to assess to the probable influence of social factors on the quality of education and psychosocial development of students with special needs and disabilities, and to clarify their role in changing the phenomenology of impaired development as well. Such data appears to be relevant for analyzing the ratio of the role of bio and social factors in the possible transformations of psychological dysontogenesis and can be seen as a basis for optimizing educational activities, and for increasing the accuracy and credibility of estimates as well. Longitudinal clinical-psychological-pedagogical research conducted in modern educational conditions is considered as a condition for solving the indicated challenges.
{"title":"Students with Special Needs and Disabilities: Predicting the Psychosocial Development in a Modern Educational Environment","authors":"I. Korobeynikov, N. Babkina","doi":"10.17759/cpse.2021100213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2021100213","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the problem of determining of the scientific criteria and factors for predicting the psychosocial development of students with special needs and disabilities in the modern educational environment. The features of the modern population of students with special needs and disabilities would need to be clarified in the context of the emergence of variable forms of education and the introduction of federal state educational standards for such students into Russian educational practice. Axiomatic ideas about typical manifestations of psychophysical developmental disorders in childhood, the criteria for its classification and differentiation would need to be revised on the basis of specially designed complex and prolonged clinical, psychological and educational studies. Authors emphasize the need of clarifying the features, causes and mechanisms of learning difficulties, adaptation and socialization of students with special needs and disabilities, which inevitably undergoing various transformations in a changing socio-cultural environment. According to the main methodological basis of this study — Cultural-Historical Approach, the leading role is given to social factors concentrated in the educational environment, which are currently the least studied. There are no studies based on the long-term monitoring of changes in the specific features in the process of education. Meanwhile, such data would make it possible to assess to the probable influence of social factors on the quality of education and psychosocial development of students with special needs and disabilities, and to clarify their role in changing the phenomenology of impaired development as well. Such data appears to be relevant for analyzing the ratio of the role of bio and social factors in the possible transformations of psychological dysontogenesis and can be seen as a basis for optimizing educational activities, and for increasing the accuracy and credibility of estimates as well. Longitudinal clinical-psychological-pedagogical research conducted in modern educational conditions is considered as a condition for solving the indicated challenges.","PeriodicalId":344078,"journal":{"name":"Клиническая и специальная психология","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128845127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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