Pub Date : 2017-03-08DOI: 10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918904
N. Javed, Ayesha Habib, Y. Amin, H. Tenhunen
In this paper, a novel 9-bit flexible chipless RFID tag design with a size of 10.5 × 15 mm2 is proposed. The tag is analyzed for Kapton®HN and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The tag based on Kapton®HN substrate is operating in a frequency band of 8–19 GHz, while PET based tag operates in 8.5–20 GHz. Silver nanoparticle-based ink is utilized for easy printability of tag which will reduce its manufacturing cost. The proposed miniaturized tag is suitable for numerous low-cost applications.
{"title":"Miniaturized flexible chipless RFID tag for IoT market","authors":"N. Javed, Ayesha Habib, Y. Amin, H. Tenhunen","doi":"10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918904","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel 9-bit flexible chipless RFID tag design with a size of 10.5 × 15 mm<sup>2</sup> is proposed. The tag is analyzed for Kapton<sup>®</sup>HN and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The tag based on Kapton<sup>®</sup>HN substrate is operating in a frequency band of 8–19 GHz, while PET based tag operates in 8.5–20 GHz. Silver nanoparticle-based ink is utilized for easy printability of tag which will reduce its manufacturing cost. The proposed miniaturized tag is suitable for numerous low-cost applications.","PeriodicalId":344222,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Communication, Computing and Digital Systems (C-CODE)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127982017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-08DOI: 10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918898
Maria Nazir, F. Arshad, R. Asif
Various PON technologies have been deployed recently but still they do not meet the high bandwidth demand at the access side. A bidirectional CWDM-PON system has been designed in this research paper. The bandwidth handling capability of the system is evaluated for a distance of 20km. Power budget is also investigated by calculating the overall power loss budget. The results show that the designed setup has the capability to withstand 64 ONUs for the uplink and 64 for the downlink with an acceptable value of BER.
{"title":"Design and evaluation of power budget for a bidirectional CWDM-Passive Optical Network","authors":"Maria Nazir, F. Arshad, R. Asif","doi":"10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918898","url":null,"abstract":"Various PON technologies have been deployed recently but still they do not meet the high bandwidth demand at the access side. A bidirectional CWDM-PON system has been designed in this research paper. The bandwidth handling capability of the system is evaluated for a distance of 20km. Power budget is also investigated by calculating the overall power loss budget. The results show that the designed setup has the capability to withstand 64 ONUs for the uplink and 64 for the downlink with an acceptable value of BER.","PeriodicalId":344222,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Communication, Computing and Digital Systems (C-CODE)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127721709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-08DOI: 10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918897
K. Rehman, Faiza Nawaz
Identification and localization of anomalies in pipeline structure is an essential requirement in many industries. There are numerous reasons that can lead to pipeline damage and impairment. In chemical and petroleum industry this damage is directly connected to the safety of assets as well as humans. Hence, continuous monitoring and timely response is expected. This paper provides an insight into different leakage problems that may arise in various pipeline industries. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) solutions that may be applied to these problems are deliberated and evaluated. Based on this comparison recommendations and solutions are specified.
{"title":"Remote pipeline monitoring using Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"K. Rehman, Faiza Nawaz","doi":"10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918897","url":null,"abstract":"Identification and localization of anomalies in pipeline structure is an essential requirement in many industries. There are numerous reasons that can lead to pipeline damage and impairment. In chemical and petroleum industry this damage is directly connected to the safety of assets as well as humans. Hence, continuous monitoring and timely response is expected. This paper provides an insight into different leakage problems that may arise in various pipeline industries. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) solutions that may be applied to these problems are deliberated and evaluated. Based on this comparison recommendations and solutions are specified.","PeriodicalId":344222,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Communication, Computing and Digital Systems (C-CODE)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126856938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-08DOI: 10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918956
S. Anwar, F. Arshad, Muhammad Majid
A large collection of medical images surrounds health care centers and hospitals. Medical images produced by different modalities like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and X-rays have increased incredibly with the advent of latest technologies for image acquisition. Retrieving clinical images of interest from these large data sets is a thought-provoking and demanding task. In this paper, a fast wavelet based medical image retrieval system is proposed that can aid physicians in the identification or analysis of medical images. The image signature is calculated using kurtosis and standard deviation as features. A possible use case is when the radiologist has some suspicion on diagnosis and wants further case histories, the acquired clinical images are sent (e.g. MRI images of brain) as a query to the content based medical image retrieval system. The system is tuned to retrieve the top most relevant images to the query. The proposed system is computationally efficient and more accurate in terms of the quality of retrieved images.
{"title":"Fast wavelet based image characterization for content based medical image retrieval","authors":"S. Anwar, F. Arshad, Muhammad Majid","doi":"10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918956","url":null,"abstract":"A large collection of medical images surrounds health care centers and hospitals. Medical images produced by different modalities like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and X-rays have increased incredibly with the advent of latest technologies for image acquisition. Retrieving clinical images of interest from these large data sets is a thought-provoking and demanding task. In this paper, a fast wavelet based medical image retrieval system is proposed that can aid physicians in the identification or analysis of medical images. The image signature is calculated using kurtosis and standard deviation as features. A possible use case is when the radiologist has some suspicion on diagnosis and wants further case histories, the acquired clinical images are sent (e.g. MRI images of brain) as a query to the content based medical image retrieval system. The system is tuned to retrieve the top most relevant images to the query. The proposed system is computationally efficient and more accurate in terms of the quality of retrieved images.","PeriodicalId":344222,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Communication, Computing and Digital Systems (C-CODE)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126998686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918923
Neelma Bhatti, I. A. Ismaili, L. D. Dhomeja
Web-based learning has been one of the most researched areas for the past two decades. Among different problems encountered in e-learning research, an important phenomenon is disorientation. It is the event which results in learners losing their sense of direction in hyperspace or unknowingly deviating from their learning goal. In this paper we review some e-learning systems and their support for identifying or resolving disorientation. We then present architecture of proposed system with an embedded Disorientation Module (DM). DM consists of sub components namely Sensing Module, Resolution Module and Evaluation Module with subsequent techniques for identifying and resolving various types of disorientation. The paper concludes with suggestions regarding future research directions.
{"title":"Identifying and resolving disorientation in e-learning systems","authors":"Neelma Bhatti, I. A. Ismaili, L. D. Dhomeja","doi":"10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918923","url":null,"abstract":"Web-based learning has been one of the most researched areas for the past two decades. Among different problems encountered in e-learning research, an important phenomenon is disorientation. It is the event which results in learners losing their sense of direction in hyperspace or unknowingly deviating from their learning goal. In this paper we review some e-learning systems and their support for identifying or resolving disorientation. We then present architecture of proposed system with an embedded Disorientation Module (DM). DM consists of sub components namely Sensing Module, Resolution Module and Evaluation Module with subsequent techniques for identifying and resolving various types of disorientation. The paper concludes with suggestions regarding future research directions.","PeriodicalId":344222,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Communication, Computing and Digital Systems (C-CODE)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126117731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918910
Noman Waheed, A. Saadat, M. Zubair, Mohammed Aamir Sadiq, Talha Ahmad, Maryam Rasool, Ahmed Sohail, M. Naeem
This paper presents a symmetrical staircase design coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed, Ultra-Wideband (UWB) antenna having measurements 40.0×30.0×1.60mm3 with 5.0GHz WLAN and 3.5 GHz WiMAX notch-band characteristic. In literature, only WLAN band is being notched, whereas, in our design, the WLAN, as well as WiMAX band, is being notched that has huge advantage in security aspect like jamming of 4G signals and broadband signals. The staircase pattern in the radiating patch of UWB antenna design, U-shaped slot resonator in the feed line and U-formed slot on the staircase patch are utilized to achieve the UWB, notch the 3.5GHz WiMAX band respectively. The frequency range for UWB systems approved by the FCC between 3.1 to 10.6 GHz will cause interference to the existing wireless communication systems, such as the IEEE 802.16 WiMAX system at 3.5 GHz (3.3–3.7 GHz) and the IEEE 802.11a wireless local area network (WLAN) system at 5 GHz (5.15–5.825 GHz). The proposed antenna has impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.00GHz–11GHz to cover UWB. GaAs substrate with dielectric constant of 12.9 and thickness of 1.6mm has been utilized to print the presented antenna.
{"title":"Ultra-Wideband antenna with WLAN and WiMAX band-notch characteristic","authors":"Noman Waheed, A. Saadat, M. Zubair, Mohammed Aamir Sadiq, Talha Ahmad, Maryam Rasool, Ahmed Sohail, M. Naeem","doi":"10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918910","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a symmetrical staircase design coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed, Ultra-Wideband (UWB) antenna having measurements 40.0×30.0×1.60mm3 with 5.0GHz WLAN and 3.5 GHz WiMAX notch-band characteristic. In literature, only WLAN band is being notched, whereas, in our design, the WLAN, as well as WiMAX band, is being notched that has huge advantage in security aspect like jamming of 4G signals and broadband signals. The staircase pattern in the radiating patch of UWB antenna design, U-shaped slot resonator in the feed line and U-formed slot on the staircase patch are utilized to achieve the UWB, notch the 3.5GHz WiMAX band respectively. The frequency range for UWB systems approved by the FCC between 3.1 to 10.6 GHz will cause interference to the existing wireless communication systems, such as the IEEE 802.16 WiMAX system at 3.5 GHz (3.3–3.7 GHz) and the IEEE 802.11a wireless local area network (WLAN) system at 5 GHz (5.15–5.825 GHz). The proposed antenna has impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.00GHz–11GHz to cover UWB. GaAs substrate with dielectric constant of 12.9 and thickness of 1.6mm has been utilized to print the presented antenna.","PeriodicalId":344222,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Communication, Computing and Digital Systems (C-CODE)","volume":"386 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122847985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918938
Sara Shahzad, Ammara Hussain, S. Nazir
The emergence of Free/Open Source Software (FOSS) development model as a widely adopted paradigm in the software development industry in the recent few years has developed the interest of researchers towards the code quality of FOSS projects. Code clones are introduced in the software system by the adoption of common code reuse practices by FOSS developers. This has led the clone research community to observe the effects of code clones on the code quality of FOSS projects. Although code clones are not always harmful but they might become critical to large scale and evolving software systems such as FOSS projects. Research in this paper reveals the importance and need for improving code quality of FOSS projects by implementing an effective clone management system integrated in the FOSS development environment. This paper proposes a clone management framework that ensures effective clone evolution tracking and visualization in FOSS projects. This framework will appear as a baseline to initiate the efforts towards improving code quality by the implementation of a versatile clone management system for FOSS development.
{"title":"A clone management framework to improve code quality of FOSS projects","authors":"Sara Shahzad, Ammara Hussain, S. Nazir","doi":"10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918938","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of Free/Open Source Software (FOSS) development model as a widely adopted paradigm in the software development industry in the recent few years has developed the interest of researchers towards the code quality of FOSS projects. Code clones are introduced in the software system by the adoption of common code reuse practices by FOSS developers. This has led the clone research community to observe the effects of code clones on the code quality of FOSS projects. Although code clones are not always harmful but they might become critical to large scale and evolving software systems such as FOSS projects. Research in this paper reveals the importance and need for improving code quality of FOSS projects by implementing an effective clone management system integrated in the FOSS development environment. This paper proposes a clone management framework that ensures effective clone evolution tracking and visualization in FOSS projects. This framework will appear as a baseline to initiate the efforts towards improving code quality by the implementation of a versatile clone management system for FOSS development.","PeriodicalId":344222,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Communication, Computing and Digital Systems (C-CODE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123857318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918920
Tauseef Jamal, Muhammad Alam, Muhammad Mussadiq Umair
Widely deployed wireless network devices use a shared medium to communicate among mobile nodes. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standard (IEEE 802.11) is set of MAC and PHY layer specifications and uses Virtual Carrier Sense mechanism to control medium access in such a way that devices can communicate without interfering each other. However, there exist vulnerabilities that can lead to Denial of Service (DOS) for the devices in range of a node with malicious intent. This paper discusses RTS (Request to Send) attack where malicious nodes reserve the medium unnecessarily for overdue period of time. The effects of such attacks on performance of WLAN are observed, proposed a mitigation technique to restore network performance and analyzed the improvement in performance.
广泛部署的无线网络设备使用共享介质在移动节点之间进行通信。无线局域网(Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN)标准(IEEE 802.11)是一套MAC层和物理层规范，采用虚拟载波感知机制控制介质访问，使设备之间的通信不受干扰。然而，存在可能导致恶意节点范围内设备拒绝服务(DOS)的漏洞。本文讨论了请求发送(Request to Send，简称RTS)攻击，即恶意节点将不必要的介质预留一段超期时间。观察了这种攻击对无线局域网性能的影响，提出了一种缓解技术来恢复网络性能，并分析了性能的改善。
{"title":"Detection and prevention against RTS attacks in wireless LANs","authors":"Tauseef Jamal, Muhammad Alam, Muhammad Mussadiq Umair","doi":"10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918920","url":null,"abstract":"Widely deployed wireless network devices use a shared medium to communicate among mobile nodes. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standard (IEEE 802.11) is set of MAC and PHY layer specifications and uses Virtual Carrier Sense mechanism to control medium access in such a way that devices can communicate without interfering each other. However, there exist vulnerabilities that can lead to Denial of Service (DOS) for the devices in range of a node with malicious intent. This paper discusses RTS (Request to Send) attack where malicious nodes reserve the medium unnecessarily for overdue period of time. The effects of such attacks on performance of WLAN are observed, proposed a mitigation technique to restore network performance and analyzed the improvement in performance.","PeriodicalId":344222,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Communication, Computing and Digital Systems (C-CODE)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117263321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918946
A. Mir, Hafsah Ahmed, Asim Altaf Shah
Driver Assistance System is a highly efficient automotive machine. It plays a very important role in increasing the efficiency of a driver. High reliability and accurate classification is required for real time decision making practices. This paper presents a machine vision based traffic sign recognition system for real-time sign detection, segmentation and classification. An algorithm is presented in this paper to recognize traffic sign templates using Optical Character Recognition Technique (OCR). At the end, the region of interest is made visually prominent and is shown on the screen of the automobile. The abilities and robustness of proposed technique is tested against different scenarios.
{"title":"Automated speed limit identification for efficient driving system","authors":"A. Mir, Hafsah Ahmed, Asim Altaf Shah","doi":"10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918946","url":null,"abstract":"Driver Assistance System is a highly efficient automotive machine. It plays a very important role in increasing the efficiency of a driver. High reliability and accurate classification is required for real time decision making practices. This paper presents a machine vision based traffic sign recognition system for real-time sign detection, segmentation and classification. An algorithm is presented in this paper to recognize traffic sign templates using Optical Character Recognition Technique (OCR). At the end, the region of interest is made visually prominent and is shown on the screen of the automobile. The abilities and robustness of proposed technique is tested against different scenarios.","PeriodicalId":344222,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Communication, Computing and Digital Systems (C-CODE)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116335626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918917
M. Hussain, H. Rasheed, N. Ali, Najamus Saqib
Vehicular ad-hoc Network (VANET) is an emerging mobile wireless ad hoc communication system applied on the roads, realizing multi-hop wireless communication between Vehicles to Vehicles, Vehicles to Roadside Infrastructure (RSI) and between RSIs. The Vehicle transmits the information to the nearest RSI that is connected to gateway either wirelessly or wired. The deployment of a roadside infrastructure is expensive and cannot be efficiently implemented using low-cost hardware. Power Line Communication (PLC) refers to the utilization of electricity transmission power lines for communication medium whilst simultaneously serving as a physical medium for realization of data transmission. PLC today are not only used for remote meter reading, home automation and other low-speed control systems but are also utilized at physical layer of Internet infrastructure. The power line is the only network that is available almost in any part of the inhabited area, hence can provide extensive coverage for VANET. In this article a scheme is proposed for power lines serve as a medium for transfer of information from RSI to RSI and RSI to Internet gateway. Standard equations are used to noise analysis and quantify the proposed approach as a cost effective deployment of PLC for VANET. Simulation results are provided for further investigations and research. It is evident that PLC with low data rate is suitable for transmission of smart car sensor data as compare to costly high-speed wireless medium.
车载自组网(Vehicular ad-hoc Network, VANET)是一种新兴的应用于道路的移动无线自组网通信系统，实现了车与车、车与路边基础设施(RSI)以及RSI之间的多跳无线通信。车辆将信息传输到最近的RSI，该RSI通过无线或有线方式连接到网关。路边基础设施的部署是昂贵的，不能使用低成本的硬件有效地实施。电力线通信(Power Line Communication, PLC)是指利用电力传输电力线作为通信介质，同时作为物理介质实现数据传输。如今，PLC不仅用于远程抄表，家庭自动化和其他低速控制系统，而且还用于互联网基础设施的物理层。电力线是几乎在居民区任何部分都可用的唯一网络，因此可以为VANET提供广泛的覆盖范围。本文提出了一种电力线作为RSI到RSI、RSI到Internet网关的信息传输介质的方案。标准方程用于噪声分析和量化所提出的方法，作为VANET PLC的成本效益部署。仿真结果为进一步的调查和研究提供了依据。与昂贵的高速无线介质相比，低数据速率的PLC显然更适合智能汽车传感器数据的传输。
{"title":"Roadside infrastructure transmission of VANET using Power Line Communication","authors":"M. Hussain, H. Rasheed, N. Ali, Najamus Saqib","doi":"10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/C-CODE.2017.7918917","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicular ad-hoc Network (VANET) is an emerging mobile wireless ad hoc communication system applied on the roads, realizing multi-hop wireless communication between Vehicles to Vehicles, Vehicles to Roadside Infrastructure (RSI) and between RSIs. The Vehicle transmits the information to the nearest RSI that is connected to gateway either wirelessly or wired. The deployment of a roadside infrastructure is expensive and cannot be efficiently implemented using low-cost hardware. Power Line Communication (PLC) refers to the utilization of electricity transmission power lines for communication medium whilst simultaneously serving as a physical medium for realization of data transmission. PLC today are not only used for remote meter reading, home automation and other low-speed control systems but are also utilized at physical layer of Internet infrastructure. The power line is the only network that is available almost in any part of the inhabited area, hence can provide extensive coverage for VANET. In this article a scheme is proposed for power lines serve as a medium for transfer of information from RSI to RSI and RSI to Internet gateway. Standard equations are used to noise analysis and quantify the proposed approach as a cost effective deployment of PLC for VANET. Simulation results are provided for further investigations and research. It is evident that PLC with low data rate is suitable for transmission of smart car sensor data as compare to costly high-speed wireless medium.","PeriodicalId":344222,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Conference on Communication, Computing and Digital Systems (C-CODE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129785936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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