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2016 IEEE Tenth International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS)最新文献

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Towards a responsible early-warning system: Knowledge implications in decision support design 迈向负责任的早期预警系统:决策支持设计中的知识蕴涵
M. Arru, E. Negre, C. Rosenthal-Sabroux, M. Grundstein
Warnings can help prevent damage and harm if they are issued timely and provide information that help responders and population to adequately prepare for the disaster to come. Today, there are many indicator and sensor systems that are designed to reduce disaster risks, or issue early-warnings. In a socially and environmentally responsible word, we need effective Early-Warning Systems (EWS). EWS are Information and Knowledge Systems dedicated to protect people against disasters damages. Such systems are designed to integrate data, information and knowledge from various sources and actors who do not usually interact to issue early-warnings. This paper introduces knowledge implications in EWS decision support design in general, with a discussion on communication processes between data, information and knowledge. We propose a knowledge-oriented vision of EWS elements to examine existing systems and provide dynamic and flow-oriented models. In this perspective, we analyze knowledge integration processes in the design of the fire safety system of our University.
如果警报及时发布,可以帮助防止破坏和伤害,并提供信息,帮助应急人员和民众为即将到来的灾难做好充分准备。今天,有许多旨在减少灾害风险或发布早期预警的指标和传感器系统。在一个对社会和环境负责的世界里,我们需要有效的预警系统(EWS)。EWS是专门用于保护人们免受灾害损害的信息和知识系统。这些系统旨在整合来自不同来源和行为者的数据、信息和知识,而这些行为者通常不参与发布预警。本文介绍了EWS决策支持设计中的知识含义,并讨论了数据、信息和知识之间的沟通过程。我们提出了一个面向知识的EWS元素视角,以检查现有系统并提供动态和面向流程的模型。从这个角度分析了我校消防安全系统设计中的知识整合过程。
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引用次数: 6
Combining big data analytics with business process using reengineering 通过重组将大数据分析与业务流程相结合
Meena Jha, Sanjay Jha, L. O'Brien
With the rise of Big Data, a data-driven approach to business is transforming enterprises. Companies today are thinking about and using data in a myriad new ways to drive business value; from reducing risk and fraud in the financial sector to bringing new pharmaceuticals to market more quickly at a higher level of efficacy. Retailers can track purchase patterns and consumer preferences more accurately to guide product and marketing strategies. Media companies can offer more accurate recommendations and create specialized promotions. Businesses of all kinds can identify new revenue opportunities and operational efficiencies. Big Data can mean different things to different organizations, but one theme remains constant: Big Data calls for a new way of thinking and combining data analytics with business process workflows. Until now businesses were limited to utilizing customer and business information contained within in-house systems. Now they are increasingly analyzing external data too, gaining new insights into customers, markets, supply chains and operations. Organisational silos and a dearth of data specialists are the main obstacles to putting big data to work effectively for decision-making. Big data analytics need to be combined with business processes to improve operations and offer innovative services to customers. Business processes need to be reengineered for big data analytics. In this paper we discuss how the combination of Big Data analytics with business process using reengineering can deliver the benefits to organizations and customers.
随着大数据的兴起,数据驱动的商业模式正在改变企业。今天的公司正在以无数种新的方式思考和使用数据来推动业务价值;从减少金融部门的风险和欺诈,到将新药以更高的功效更快地推向市场。零售商可以更准确地跟踪购买模式和消费者偏好,以指导产品和营销策略。媒体公司可以提供更准确的推荐,并创建专门的促销活动。所有类型的企业都可以发现新的收入机会和运营效率。对于不同的组织来说,大数据可能意味着不同的东西,但有一个主题是不变的:大数据需要一种新的思维方式,并将数据分析与业务流程工作流程相结合。到目前为止,企业仅限于利用内部系统中包含的客户和业务信息。现在,他们也越来越多地分析外部数据,获得对客户、市场、供应链和运营的新见解。组织孤岛和缺乏数据专家是将大数据有效地用于决策的主要障碍。大数据分析需要与业务流程相结合,以改善运营并为客户提供创新服务。业务流程需要重新设计以适应大数据分析。在本文中,我们讨论了如何将大数据分析与业务流程结合起来,利用再造为组织和客户带来好处。
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引用次数: 22
FreGraPaD: Frequent RDF graph patterns detection for semantic data streams FreGraPaD:用于语义数据流的频繁RDF图模式检测
Fethi Belghaouti, A. Bouzeghoub, Zakia Kazi-Aoul, Raja Chiky
Nowadays, high volumes of data are generated and published at a very high velocity by real-time systems, such as social networks, e-commerce, weather stations and sensors, producing heterogeneous data streams. To take advantage of linked data and offer interoperable solutions, semantic Web technologies have been used. To analyze these huge volumes of data, different stream mining algorithms exist such as compression or load-shedding. Nevertheless, most of them need many passes through the data and often store part of it on disk. If we want to apply efficient compression on semantic data streams, we need to first detect frequent graph patterns in RDF streams. In this article, we present FreGraPaD, an algorithm that detects those patterns in a single pass, using exclusively internal memory and following a data structure oriented approach. Experimental results clearly confirm the good accuracy of FreGraPaD in detecting frequent graph patterns from semantic data streams.
如今,社交网络、电子商务、气象站和传感器等实时系统以非常高的速度生成和发布大量数据,从而产生异构数据流。为了利用链接数据并提供可互操作的解决方案,已经使用了语义Web技术。为了分析这些巨大的数据量,存在不同的流挖掘算法,例如压缩或负载减少。尽管如此,它们中的大多数都需要多次遍历数据,并且通常将部分数据存储在磁盘上。如果我们想在语义数据流上应用有效的压缩,我们需要首先检测RDF流中的频繁图形模式。在本文中,我们介绍了FreGraPaD,这是一种只使用内部内存并遵循面向数据结构的方法,一次检测这些模式的算法。实验结果清楚地证实了FreGraPaD在从语义数据流中检测频繁图形模式方面具有良好的准确性。
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引用次数: 9
A process tree-based algorithm for the detection of implicit dependencies 一个基于过程树的隐式依赖检测算法
M. Chabrol, B. Dalmas, S. Norre, Sophie Rodier
Process Mining aims to extract information from event logs to highlight the underlying business processes. It is useful in situations where there is no detailed and complete knowledge of how an overall system works, such as in a hospital where most processes are complex and ad-hoc. Many Process Mining discovery techniques have been proposed so far, but many challenges are still to be faced. Implicit dependencies are one of them. Choice-related phenomenon, implicit dependencies are not taken into account in most algorithms and graphical representations. In this paper, we propose the Implicit Dependencies Miner, a Process Tree based algorithm able to detect relevant dependencies.
流程挖掘旨在从事件日志中提取信息,以突出显示底层业务流程。在不了解整个系统如何工作的详细和完整知识的情况下,例如在大多数流程复杂且临时的医院中,它是有用的。到目前为止,已经提出了许多过程挖掘发现技术,但仍面临许多挑战。隐式依赖就是其中之一。在大多数算法和图形表示中,没有考虑到与选择相关的隐式依赖关系现象。在本文中,我们提出了隐式依赖项挖掘算法,这是一种基于过程树的算法,能够检测相关依赖项。
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引用次数: 6
Enabling process mining on sensor data from smart products 支持对智能产品的传感器数据进行流程挖掘
M. L. V. Eck, N. Sidorova, Wil M.P. van der Aalst
In this paper we address the challenge of applying process mining to discover models of human behaviour from sensor data. This challenge is caused by a gap between sensor data and the event logs that are used as input for process mining techniques, so we provide a transformation approach to bridge this gap. As a result, besides the automatic discovery of process models, the transformed sensor data can also be used by various other process mining techniques, e.g. to identify differences between observed behaviour and expected behaviour. We discuss the transformation approach in the context of the design process of smart products and related services, using a case study performed at Philips where a smart baby bottle has been developed. This case study also demonstrates that the use of process mining can add value to the smart product design process.
在本文中,我们解决了应用过程挖掘从传感器数据中发现人类行为模型的挑战。这一挑战是由传感器数据和作为流程挖掘技术输入的事件日志之间的差距造成的,因此我们提供了一种转换方法来弥合这一差距。因此,除了自动发现过程模型外,转换后的传感器数据还可以用于各种其他过程挖掘技术,例如识别观察行为和预期行为之间的差异。我们在智能产品和相关服务的设计过程中讨论了转型方法,使用飞利浦公司的案例研究,该公司开发了一种智能婴儿奶瓶。本案例研究还表明,过程挖掘的使用可以为智能产品设计过程增加价值。
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引用次数: 46
Reactive information processing 反应性信息处理
F. Barbier
People agree that there are two major concerns in Internet computing: Big Data and the Internet of Things (IoT). On purpose, expected evolutions and progresses in technology and science are ruled by the development of suited paradigms (e.g., plug & play middleware for the IoT or MapReduce for Big Data) to face up this “ever encountered” nature of Internet computing. To that extent, information processing (from raw data to meaningful - i.e., semantically rich-information) encompasses the necessity of building a considerable pool of Internet software in a truly different way. Such a paradigm shift is exposed in “The Reactive Manifesto” (www.reactivemanifesto.org). From an architectural perspective, this manifesto promotes software applications' componentization along with the idea of reactiveness: event-driven/message-driven, elasticity, responsiveness and resilience. In short, applications' components have emerging (reactive) features through their ability to seamlessly cooperate with events/messages. Nowadays, successes like Node.js or WebSockets strongly confirm the benefit of reactiveness. Beyond, this keynote tries to demystify and illustrate “reactiveness” through the State Chart XML W3 standard. The keynote discusses methods to design reactive Internet software from models to concrete implementation supports.
人们一致认为,互联网计算有两大关注点:大数据和物联网(IoT)。有意地,技术和科学的预期进化和进步是由合适范例的发展所主导的(例如,物联网的即插即用中间件或大数据的MapReduce),以面对这种“曾经遇到过的”互联网计算的本质。在这种程度上,信息处理(从原始数据到有意义的——即,语义丰富的信息)包含了以一种真正不同的方式构建一个相当大的互联网软件池的必要性。“反应宣言”(www.reactivemanifesto.org)揭示了这种范式转变。从体系结构的角度来看,该宣言促进了软件应用程序的组件化以及反应性的思想:事件驱动/消息驱动、弹性、响应性和弹性。简而言之,应用程序的组件通过与事件/消息无缝协作的能力而具有新兴(响应式)特性。如今,Node.js或WebSockets等成功案例有力地证实了反应性的好处。此外,本主题还试图通过状态图XML W3标准揭开“反应性”的神秘面纱。主题讨论了设计响应式互联网软件的方法,从模型到具体的实现支持。
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引用次数: 0
Solving the next adaptation problem with prometheus 解决普罗米修斯的下一个适应问题
Konstantinos Angelopoulos, Fatma Başak Aydemir, P. Giorgini, J. Mylopoulos
Dealing with multiple requirement failures is an essential capability for self-adaptive software systems. This capability becomes more challenging in the presence of conflicting goals. This paper is concerned with the next adaptation problem: the problem of finding the best next adaptation in the presence of multiple failures. `Best' here means that the adaptation chosen optimizes a given set of objective functions, such as the cost of adaptation or the degree of failure for system requirements. The paper proposes a formal framework for defining the next adaptation problem, assuming that we can specify quantitatively the constraints that hold between indicators that measure the degree of failure of each requirement and control parameters. These constraints, along with one or several objective functions, are translated into a constrained multi-objective optimization problem that can be solved by using an OMT/SMT (Optimization Modulo Theories/Satisfiability Modulo Theories) solver, such as OptiMathSAT. The proposed framework is illustrated with the Meeting Scheduler exemplar and a second, e-shop case study.
处理多重需求故障是自适应软件系统的基本能力。在存在冲突的目标时,此功能变得更具挑战性。本文研究了下一次适应问题,即在多重失败情况下寻找最佳的下一次适应问题。这里的“最佳”意味着所选择的适应优化了一组给定的目标函数,例如适应的成本或系统需求的失败程度。本文提出了一个定义下一个适应问题的正式框架,假设我们可以定量地指定衡量每个需求和控制参数的失败程度的指标之间的约束。这些约束,连同一个或几个目标函数,被转化为一个约束的多目标优化问题,可以通过使用OMT/SMT(优化模理论/可满足模理论)求解器来解决,比如OptiMathSAT。提出的框架用Meeting Scheduler范例和第二个e-shop案例研究来说明。
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引用次数: 7
Continuous Auditing & Continuous Monitoring: Continuous value? 持续审核与持续监控:持续价值?
Rutger van Hillo, H. Weigand
Advancements in information technology, new laws and regulations and rapidly changing business conditions have led to a need for more timely and ongoing assurance with effectively working controls. Continuous Auditing (CA) and Continuous Monitoring (CM) technologies have made this possible by obtaining real-time audit evidence and enabling organizations to review whether controls and systems function as intended on an ongoing basis. Although organizations understand the benefits of CA/CM, the current state of adoption is relatively low not the least because organizations find it difficult to quantify the value. This research used a design research approach to develop a framework that addresses the added value of redesigned internal controls within IT-supported business processes of organizations. The value of the CA/CM is broken down into three distinguished domains, Efficiency, Assurance and Quality. The Waterfall method is proposed as visualization method in order to indicate a possible cost saving and value increase of a redesigned control clearly. The framework has been tested and evaluated within a case organization. It can be concluded that the framework is applicable for providing more insights in the value of CA/CM.
信息技术的进步、新的法律法规和快速变化的商业环境导致需要更及时和持续的有效工作控制保证。持续审计(CA)和持续监控(CM)技术通过获取实时审计证据,使组织能够在持续的基础上审查控制和系统是否按预期运行,从而使这一切成为可能。尽管组织了解CA/CM的好处,但目前的采用状态相对较低,尤其是因为组织发现很难量化其价值。本研究使用了设计研究方法来开发一个框架,该框架解决了在组织的it支持的业务流程中重新设计的内部控制的附加价值。CA/CM的价值分为三个不同的领域:效率、保证和质量。为了清晰地显示重新设计后的控件可能节省的成本和增加的价值,提出了瀑布法作为可视化方法。该框架已在一个案例组织中进行了测试和评估。可以得出结论,该框架适用于对CA/CM的价值提供更多的见解。
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引用次数: 13
Crowdsourcing transparency requirements through structured feedback and social adaptation 通过结构化反馈和社会适应的众包透明度要求
M. Hosseini, A. Shahri, Keith Phalp, Raian Ali
Transparency is one of the main requirements in business information systems with its unique characteristics, and it requires designated engineering approaches. Despite that, transparency requirements have often been studied along other mainstream requirements relating to information, such as privacy, and seldom studied as a first-class concept. In addition, the literature on transparency is mainly driven by the perspective of information providers, and a large number of stakeholders who receive or request information are usually neglected. To achieve a holistic and more efficient management of transparency requirements, we propose a conceptual framework which integrates three mechanisms of crowdsourcing, structured feedback and social adaptation. Crowdsourcing facilitates the involvement of a large, diverse group of stakeholders in transparency engineering. The use of structured feedback helps automating the process of feedback acquisition and analysis. Eventually, as transparency requirements evolve over time, social adaptation can be applied to adapt the business information system to meet the emerging transparency requirements of the stakeholders.
透明是商业信息系统的主要需求之一,具有其独特的特性,需要特定的工程方法来实现。尽管如此,透明度要求经常与其他与信息相关的主流要求(如隐私)一起研究,很少作为一级概念研究。此外,关于透明度的文献主要是由信息提供者的角度驱动的,大量接收或请求信息的利益相关者往往被忽视。为了实现对透明度要求的全面和更有效的管理,我们提出了一个概念性框架,该框架集成了众包、结构化反馈和社会适应三种机制。众包促进了透明工程中大量不同利益相关者的参与。结构化反馈的使用有助于自动化反馈获取和分析过程。最终,随着透明度需求的发展,可以应用社会适应来调整业务信息系统,以满足利益相关者的新兴透明度需求。
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引用次数: 5
Addressing inter-organisational process flexibility using versions: The VP2M approach 使用版本解决组织间流程灵活性:VP2M方法
Fatma Ellouze, M. Chaâbane, R. Bouaziz, E. Andonoff
Process flexibility has been investigated in depth in the context of intra-organisational processes, but it is still an open issue when processes cross the boundaries of companies. In this paper, we address the modelling of flexible inter-organisational processes using a version-based approach. Indeed, versions are known to be a powerful technique to deal with variability, evolution and adaptation of processes, which are the three main needs of process flexibility. More precisely, this paper presents VP2M (Version of Process Meta-Model), a meta-model supporting the modelling of versions of inter-organisational processes, addressing both static and dynamic aspects of VP2M. It also illustrates process version modelling within the Subsea Pipeline process example.
过程灵活性已经在组织内部过程的背景下进行了深入的研究,但是当过程跨越公司边界时,它仍然是一个开放的问题。在本文中,我们使用基于版本的方法解决灵活的组织间过程的建模。实际上,版本被认为是处理过程的可变性、演化和适应的强大技术,这是过程灵活性的三个主要需求。更准确地说,本文提出了VP2M(过程元模型版本),这是一个支持组织间过程版本建模的元模型,解决了VP2M的静态和动态方面。它还说明了海底管道过程示例中的过程版本建模。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
2016 IEEE Tenth International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS)
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