Marzieh Ebrahimi, M. Nazari, Niloofar Mobarezpour, H. Afkhami, Sepideh Fereshteh
Introduction: Heteroresistance is the phenomenon wherein subpopulations of microbes exhibit a range of resistance to an antibiotic and are prevalent in a broad range of microorganisms. Not much data on carbapenem and β-lactams heteroresistance among extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) in blood infections is available. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of heteroresistance to β-lactams and carbapenems in ExPEC strains isolated from patients' blood in Tehran, Iran. Methods : Identification of E. coli isolates was performed using standard biochemical tests, and PFGE was employed to determine the E. coli isolates genotypes. Antibiotic resistance pattern to carbapenems (ertapenem, meropenem, and imipenem), cefotaxime, and cefepime was determined by measuring minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results were used to assess β-lactam and carbapenem heteroresistance in E. coli isolates. Results: In this study, for the first time, heteroresistance to the antibiotics carbapenem (ertapenem, meropenem, and imipenem), cefotaxime, and cefepime was observed in E. coli isolates from blood samples. Sixteen samples had heteroresistance to antibiotics. Three and two isolates showed heteroresistance to imipenem and ertapenem, respectively. Simultaneous heteroresistance to two carbapenem family antibiotics in three isolates was detected. Also, three isolates showed heteroresistance to cefepime and five to cefotaxime. The imipenem-resistant isolates exhibited a higher level of heteroresistance than those resistant to other carbapenem antibiotics. Conclusions: The present study shows that heteroresistance is increasing in Iran. Furthermore, this study demonstrated increasing resistance to the carbapenem family.
{"title":"Analysis of β-lactams and Carbapenem Heteroresistance in Extra-intestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli from Blood Samples in Iran","authors":"Marzieh Ebrahimi, M. Nazari, Niloofar Mobarezpour, H. Afkhami, Sepideh Fereshteh","doi":"10.52547/jommid.9.3.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jommid.9.3.170","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Heteroresistance is the phenomenon wherein subpopulations of microbes exhibit a range of resistance to an antibiotic and are prevalent in a broad range of microorganisms. Not much data on carbapenem and β-lactams heteroresistance among extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) in blood infections is available. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of heteroresistance to β-lactams and carbapenems in ExPEC strains isolated from patients' blood in Tehran, Iran. Methods : Identification of E. coli isolates was performed using standard biochemical tests, and PFGE was employed to determine the E. coli isolates genotypes. Antibiotic resistance pattern to carbapenems (ertapenem, meropenem, and imipenem), cefotaxime, and cefepime was determined by measuring minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results were used to assess β-lactam and carbapenem heteroresistance in E. coli isolates. Results: In this study, for the first time, heteroresistance to the antibiotics carbapenem (ertapenem, meropenem, and imipenem), cefotaxime, and cefepime was observed in E. coli isolates from blood samples. Sixteen samples had heteroresistance to antibiotics. Three and two isolates showed heteroresistance to imipenem and ertapenem, respectively. Simultaneous heteroresistance to two carbapenem family antibiotics in three isolates was detected. Also, three isolates showed heteroresistance to cefepime and five to cefotaxime. The imipenem-resistant isolates exhibited a higher level of heteroresistance than those resistant to other carbapenem antibiotics. Conclusions: The present study shows that heteroresistance is increasing in Iran. Furthermore, this study demonstrated increasing resistance to the carbapenem family.","PeriodicalId":34460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77761359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
dung (Anbarnasara) to respiratory tract and burn wound infections. This study evaluates the antibacterial and antifungal properties of Anbarnasara smoke. Methods : The smoke from burning Anbarnasara was collected in a 50%-methanol solution. Following evaporation of methanol at 50ºC, the remaining compound was dissolved in DMSO, and various concentrations (3.1-100 mg/ml) were prepared. The antimicrobial effects of various concentrations (3.1-100 mg/ml) of Anbarnasara smoke solution (ASS) were investigated, using the agar well diffusion method on 15 different microorganisms, including eight standard microorganisms and seven bacteria species from clinical specimens. Also, GC-MS analysis was performed to identify the components in ASS. Results : Antifungal activity on Candida albicans was observed at 6.2- 100 mg/ml of ASS. Among Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, the most significant inhibition zones belonged to Staphylococcus epidermidis (30.5± 0.70 mm) and Proteus mirabilis (25± 0.00 mm) at 100 mg/ml. GC-MS analysis showed 16 major peak areas, and of identified components, ~50% were phenolic compounds. Conclusion : Our results confirmed the ancient physicians' belief in the antibacterial and antifungal properties of Anbarnasara smoke.
{"title":"GC-MS Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of an Iranian Traditional Medicinal Smoke (Anbarnasara)","authors":"Mahboobeh Akbarizare","doi":"10.52547/jommid.9.3.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jommid.9.3.148","url":null,"abstract":"dung (Anbarnasara) to respiratory tract and burn wound infections. This study evaluates the antibacterial and antifungal properties of Anbarnasara smoke. Methods : The smoke from burning Anbarnasara was collected in a 50%-methanol solution. Following evaporation of methanol at 50ºC, the remaining compound was dissolved in DMSO, and various concentrations (3.1-100 mg/ml) were prepared. The antimicrobial effects of various concentrations (3.1-100 mg/ml) of Anbarnasara smoke solution (ASS) were investigated, using the agar well diffusion method on 15 different microorganisms, including eight standard microorganisms and seven bacteria species from clinical specimens. Also, GC-MS analysis was performed to identify the components in ASS. Results : Antifungal activity on Candida albicans was observed at 6.2- 100 mg/ml of ASS. Among Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, the most significant inhibition zones belonged to Staphylococcus epidermidis (30.5± 0.70 mm) and Proteus mirabilis (25± 0.00 mm) at 100 mg/ml. GC-MS analysis showed 16 major peak areas, and of identified components, ~50% were phenolic compounds. Conclusion : Our results confirmed the ancient physicians' belief in the antibacterial and antifungal properties of Anbarnasara smoke.","PeriodicalId":34460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78680088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Majid Komijani, A. Hamta, Sajedeh Khanmohamadi Hezaveh
Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most important causes of mortality in women. Various factors are involved in the development of cancer, including viruses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have an essential role in the innate immune system. The present study investigated the relationship between TLR2 rs5743708 polymorphisms and Torque teno virus (TTV) infection with breast cancer. Methods: Blood samples from 80 women with breast cancer and 80 healthy women were collected, and after DNA extraction, the presence of TTV was investigated by a PCR assay and polymorphism in the TLR2 gene ( rs5743708 ) was explored using the PCR-RFLP method. Also, the physical and chemical properties of TLR2 protein in the two wild and mutant forms were analyzed using the ExPASy database. Results: Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between the age and TTV infection; TTV infection and breast cancer; the grade of cancer, and TTV infection; while there were significant relationships between rs5743708 polymorphisms and breast cancer; GG genotype and increased incidence of cancer; TTV infection and rs5743708 polymorphisms. Also, instability index, aliphatic index, grand average of hydropathicity, and molecular weight of TLR2 protein varied in wild and mutant states. Conclusions: Although there was no significant relationship between TTV infection and breast cancer, the rs5743708 polymorphisms might be involved in TTV infection and breast cancer.
{"title":"The Relationship between Torque teno Virus and TLR2 rs5743708 Polymorphism with Breast Cancer","authors":"Majid Komijani, A. Hamta, Sajedeh Khanmohamadi Hezaveh","doi":"10.52547/jommid.9.3.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jommid.9.3.116","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most important causes of mortality in women. Various factors are involved in the development of cancer, including viruses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have an essential role in the innate immune system. The present study investigated the relationship between TLR2 rs5743708 polymorphisms and Torque teno virus (TTV) infection with breast cancer. Methods: Blood samples from 80 women with breast cancer and 80 healthy women were collected, and after DNA extraction, the presence of TTV was investigated by a PCR assay and polymorphism in the TLR2 gene ( rs5743708 ) was explored using the PCR-RFLP method. Also, the physical and chemical properties of TLR2 protein in the two wild and mutant forms were analyzed using the ExPASy database. Results: Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between the age and TTV infection; TTV infection and breast cancer; the grade of cancer, and TTV infection; while there were significant relationships between rs5743708 polymorphisms and breast cancer; GG genotype and increased incidence of cancer; TTV infection and rs5743708 polymorphisms. Also, instability index, aliphatic index, grand average of hydropathicity, and molecular weight of TLR2 protein varied in wild and mutant states. Conclusions: Although there was no significant relationship between TTV infection and breast cancer, the rs5743708 polymorphisms might be involved in TTV infection and breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":34460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83185119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kimia Kardani, A. Bolhassani, Mona Kardani, Elnaz Agi
The coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a severe global health challenge. The primary target for this virus is the lung. However, SARS-CoV-2 can also attack other organs, including the kidney and liver. Some COVID-19 case reports demonstrated elevated liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin. Indeed, higher levels of liver enzymes occur in severe cases compared with mild to moderate cases. The relationship between liver injury and COVID-19 might be due to various possible reasons such as reactivation of pre-existing liver disease, viral replication in hepatic cells causing direct cytotoxicity, liver ischemia and hypoxia, cytokine storm, and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Thus, hepatitis prevention and care services are necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic. For instance, drugs that might reactivate hepatitis B should not be prescribed for treating COVID-19. Generally, the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 on human health and various organs are not well understood. This review briefly discusses the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and liver injury (hepatitis), coinfection of hepatitis and COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 infection in autoimmune hepatitis.
{"title":"Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Hepatitis and Liver Disorders","authors":"Kimia Kardani, A. Bolhassani, Mona Kardani, Elnaz Agi","doi":"10.52547/jommid.9.3.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jommid.9.3.122","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a severe global health challenge. The primary target for this virus is the lung. However, SARS-CoV-2 can also attack other organs, including the kidney and liver. Some COVID-19 case reports demonstrated elevated liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin. Indeed, higher levels of liver enzymes occur in severe cases compared with mild to moderate cases. The relationship between liver injury and COVID-19 might be due to various possible reasons such as reactivation of pre-existing liver disease, viral replication in hepatic cells causing direct cytotoxicity, liver ischemia and hypoxia, cytokine storm, and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Thus, hepatitis prevention and care services are necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic. For instance, drugs that might reactivate hepatitis B should not be prescribed for treating COVID-19. Generally, the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 on human health and various organs are not well understood. This review briefly discusses the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and liver injury (hepatitis), coinfection of hepatitis and COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 infection in autoimmune hepatitis.","PeriodicalId":34460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90827880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Bimi, Freda Kailyn Odamtten, F. Anto, Ato Kwamena Tetteh
{"title":"Ophidascaris sp. in an African Rock Python (Python sebae) in Ghana: A Case Report","authors":"L. Bimi, Freda Kailyn Odamtten, F. Anto, Ato Kwamena Tetteh","doi":"10.52547/jommid.9.2.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jommid.9.2.103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72570999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amirhosein Maali, Hossein Teimouri, M. Azad, Shahin Amiri, Setare Adibzadeh
Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a positive-sense single-strand RNA virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, responsible for coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) with the rapid transmission. This study aimed to characterize and compare SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV major viral proteins and predict antigen proteasomal cleavage patterns, MHC class I processing and presentation, and B T-cell and anti-inflammatory epitopes.
{"title":"In-silico Immunomodelling of SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Amirhosein Maali, Hossein Teimouri, M. Azad, Shahin Amiri, Setare Adibzadeh","doi":"10.52547/jommid.9.2.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jommid.9.2.88","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a positive-sense single-strand RNA virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, responsible for coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) with the rapid transmission. This study aimed to characterize and compare SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV major viral proteins and predict antigen proteasomal cleavage patterns, MHC class I processing and presentation, and B T-cell and anti-inflammatory epitopes.","PeriodicalId":34460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84180320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Heydari, A. Majd, M. Hamidi-Fard, G. Bahramali, M. Aghasadeghi
Introduction: detection of acute allows adopting proper treatment measures, rapid recovery, and avoiding side effects. This study compares PCR assay with serology for diagnosing acute HAV infection. Methods: Twenty samples from patients presenting clinical symptoms of acute hepatitis were tested for anti-HAV IgM antibodies. Genomic RNA was extracted from IgM-positive samples, cDNA was synthesized and examined for genomic HAV using a specific HAV real-time detection kit and a nested PCR. Results: Among 20 sera, 14 were positive for anti-HAV IgM antibodies. The specific real-time PCR and nested PCR showed agreement, and both detected HAV genetic material in 3 out of 14 samples. Conclusion: High levels of anti-HAV IgM antibodies do not necessarily indicate acute HAV infection
{"title":"Comparison of PCR with Serology for Detecting Acute Hepatitis A Virus Infection","authors":"H. Heydari, A. Majd, M. Hamidi-Fard, G. Bahramali, M. Aghasadeghi","doi":"10.52547/jommid.9.2.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jommid.9.2.82","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: detection of acute allows adopting proper treatment measures, rapid recovery, and avoiding side effects. This study compares PCR assay with serology for diagnosing acute HAV infection. Methods: Twenty samples from patients presenting clinical symptoms of acute hepatitis were tested for anti-HAV IgM antibodies. Genomic RNA was extracted from IgM-positive samples, cDNA was synthesized and examined for genomic HAV using a specific HAV real-time detection kit and a nested PCR. Results: Among 20 sera, 14 were positive for anti-HAV IgM antibodies. The specific real-time PCR and nested PCR showed agreement, and both detected HAV genetic material in 3 out of 14 samples. Conclusion: High levels of anti-HAV IgM antibodies do not necessarily indicate acute HAV infection","PeriodicalId":34460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73560579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahla Tajmir Riahy, S. H. Jahromi, Mansoor Khaledi, H. Afkhami, Maryam Shafaati, Hamid Lava Khamseh, S. Z. Karizi
{"title":"Frequency of cbrA, cbrB, ndvB, and phoBR Genes in Relation to Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates","authors":"Mahla Tajmir Riahy, S. H. Jahromi, Mansoor Khaledi, H. Afkhami, Maryam Shafaati, Hamid Lava Khamseh, S. Z. Karizi","doi":"10.52547/jommid.9.2.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jommid.9.2.97","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73938935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is equally arduous to unearth all the reasons contributing to the somewhat uneasy road to eradication over three decades of efforts. This review analyzes time-trends, program documents, technical and non-technical reports, and research documents that reveal that Ghana's program ended a decade of disappointing stagnation following the disruptive ethnic conflicts in the early 1990s in its most disease-endemic areas. Despite substantial reductions in the number of guinea worm cases during the mid-1980s, efforts to break the transmission chain in Ghana remained a daunting task. The efforts required continued international and political commitment, active surveillance, strengthening of interventions, and honesty of documenters at all levels.
{"title":"Ghana is Free from the Guinea Worm after a 33-Year Eradication Program","authors":"L. Bimi, F. Anto, Ato Kwamena Tetteh","doi":"10.52547/jommid.9.2.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jommid.9.2.55","url":null,"abstract":"It is equally arduous to unearth all the reasons contributing to the somewhat uneasy road to eradication over three decades of efforts. This review analyzes time-trends, program documents, technical and non-technical reports, and research documents that reveal that Ghana's program ended a decade of disappointing stagnation following the disruptive ethnic conflicts in the early 1990s in its most disease-endemic areas. Despite substantial reductions in the number of guinea worm cases during the mid-1980s, efforts to break the transmission chain in Ghana remained a daunting task. The efforts required continued international and political commitment, active surveillance, strengthening of interventions, and honesty of documenters at all levels.","PeriodicalId":34460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74791379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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