E. Akbari, S. Ajdari, E. M. Ardakani, Elnaz Agi, V. Khalaj, A. Bolhassani
of multiepitope protein as an candidate to this study, the codon-optimized encoding sequence of the designed multi-epitope construct (Gag-Pol-Env-Nef-Rev) was synthesized and subcloned into the pET-24a (+) expression vector. Then, expression of the target antigen was evaluated in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and Rosetta strains under different conditions (temperature, optical density/ OD 600 , isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) concentration, and time). Finally, the expression of the Gag-Pol-Env-Nef-Rev multi-epitope protein was confirmed using SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. Results: The highly conserved and immunodominant T-cell epitopes of HIV-1 Gag, Pol, Env, Nef, and Rev proteins were used to prepare a novel Gag-Pol-Env-Nef-Rev multi-epitope construct. The gag-pol-env-nef-rev gene was successfully sub-cloned in pET-24a (+) vector and subsequently expressed in BL21 (DE3) E. coli strain under optimized conditions (1 mM IPTG, 16 h post-induction, OD 600 = 0.6, and 37ºC). A clear band of ~ 35 kDa was detected by western blotting using an anti-His antibody, indicating the successful expression of our target multi-epitope protein. Conclusion: Expression of the recombinant HIV-1 multi-epitope protein was optimized in a bacterial system. The expressed protein will be purified to use as a multi-epitope protein vaccine candidate in the future.
将设计的多表位构建体的密码子优化编码序列(Gag-Pol-Env-Nef-Rev)合成并亚克隆到pET-24a(+)表达载体上。然后，在不同条件(温度、光密度/ OD值600、异丙基β- d -1-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)浓度和时间)下，评估目标抗原在大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)和Rosetta菌株中的表达情况。最后，利用SDS-PAGE和western blot分析证实Gag-Pol-Env-Nef-Rev多表位蛋白的表达。结果:利用HIV-1 Gag、Pol、Env、Nef和Rev蛋白高度保守且具有免疫优势的t细胞表位，制备了Gag-Pol-Env-Nef-Rev多表位结构。gag-pol-env-nef-rev基因在pET-24a(+)载体上成功亚克隆，并在优化条件(1 mM IPTG，诱导后16 h, OD 600 = 0.6, 37℃)下在BL21 (DE3)大肠杆菌中表达。使用抗his抗体，western blotting检测到~ 35 kDa的清晰条带，表明我们的目标多表位蛋白成功表达。结论:重组HIV-1多表位蛋白在细菌系统中的表达得到优化。表达的蛋白将被纯化，将来用作多表位蛋白候选疫苗。
{"title":"Expression of a Novel HIV-1 Gag-Pol-Env-Nef-Rev Multi-Epitope Construct in Escherichia coli","authors":"E. Akbari, S. Ajdari, E. M. Ardakani, Elnaz Agi, V. Khalaj, A. Bolhassani","doi":"10.52547/jommid.9.2.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jommid.9.2.62","url":null,"abstract":"of multiepitope protein as an candidate to this study, the codon-optimized encoding sequence of the designed multi-epitope construct (Gag-Pol-Env-Nef-Rev) was synthesized and subcloned into the pET-24a (+) expression vector. Then, expression of the target antigen was evaluated in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and Rosetta strains under different conditions (temperature, optical density/ OD 600 , isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) concentration, and time). Finally, the expression of the Gag-Pol-Env-Nef-Rev multi-epitope protein was confirmed using SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. Results: The highly conserved and immunodominant T-cell epitopes of HIV-1 Gag, Pol, Env, Nef, and Rev proteins were used to prepare a novel Gag-Pol-Env-Nef-Rev multi-epitope construct. The gag-pol-env-nef-rev gene was successfully sub-cloned in pET-24a (+) vector and subsequently expressed in BL21 (DE3) E. coli strain under optimized conditions (1 mM IPTG, 16 h post-induction, OD 600 = 0.6, and 37ºC). A clear band of ~ 35 kDa was detected by western blotting using an anti-His antibody, indicating the successful expression of our target multi-epitope protein. Conclusion: Expression of the recombinant HIV-1 multi-epitope protein was optimized in a bacterial system. The expressed protein will be purified to use as a multi-epitope protein vaccine candidate in the future.","PeriodicalId":34460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74132976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effects of Dehydrozingerone on Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Ergosterol Biosynthesis of Candida albicans","authors":"Z. Jahanshiri, S. Nejatbakhsh","doi":"10.52547/jommid.9.2.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jommid.9.2.76","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86626880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Allahyari, Samira Amiri, A. Vatanara, Majid Golkar
, blank PLGA, and one group kept unvaccinated. The characteristics of PLGA nanoparticles, the amounts of produced IFN-γ, IL-10, specific anti-Toxoplasma IgGs, and the conferred protection against infection by T. gondii RH tachyzoite were assessed. Results: rSAG1-PLGA nanoparticles shared a z-average of about 450nm with negative Zeta potential. Compared with the negative control group, the mice vaccinated with rSAG1-PLGA nanoparticles produced significantly higher amounts of IFN-γ, specific anti- T. gondii IgG antibodies and higher titer of IgG2a, which resulted in longer survival times. Conclusion: The efficiency of rSAG1-PLGA nanoparticles in inducing humoral and cellular responses and consequently partial protection against acute toxoplasmosis in C57BL/6 was confirmed.
{"title":"Protection and Immune Responses Elicited by rSAG1-PLGA Nanoparticles in C57BL/6 Against Toxoplasma gondii","authors":"M. Allahyari, Samira Amiri, A. Vatanara, Majid Golkar","doi":"10.52547/JOMMID.9.1.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/JOMMID.9.1.38","url":null,"abstract":", blank PLGA, and one group kept unvaccinated. The characteristics of PLGA nanoparticles, the amounts of produced IFN-γ, IL-10, specific anti-Toxoplasma IgGs, and the conferred protection against infection by T. gondii RH tachyzoite were assessed. Results: rSAG1-PLGA nanoparticles shared a z-average of about 450nm with negative Zeta potential. Compared with the negative control group, the mice vaccinated with rSAG1-PLGA nanoparticles produced significantly higher amounts of IFN-γ, specific anti- T. gondii IgG antibodies and higher titer of IgG2a, which resulted in longer survival times. Conclusion: The efficiency of rSAG1-PLGA nanoparticles in inducing humoral and cellular responses and consequently partial protection against acute toxoplasmosis in C57BL/6 was confirmed.","PeriodicalId":34460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85684849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Habibi-Pirkoohi, A. Shahriari, M. H. G. Parizipour
The production of recombinant vaccines in green plants is an attractive and promising topic in genetic engineering. However, the stable transformation of green plants is a time-consuming, costly, and labor-intensive practice. Moreover, public concerns about genetically modified plants put another limitation on the development and release of transgenic plant-based recombinant vaccines. These shortcomings were addressed by developing transient gene expression systems that allow researchers to investigate candidate recombinant vaccines quickly without tedious work and high costs. A comprehensive literature review was used to gather relevant information. This approach has received much attention in various recombinant vaccine production platforms, including mammalian cell culture, insect cell culture, yeast expression systems, and, more importantly, in plant hosts. Due to their simplicity and efficiency, transient gene expression systems are now widely used to validate gene constructs and transgene expression within plant tissues. This paper describes the concept of transient gene expression and discusses the significant advantages of this approach for producing recombinant vaccines. Notably, the major types of transient gene expression viz. agroinfiltration, viral-based systems, and application of naked plasmid in plant cell culture are introduced, and some examples illustrate the pros and cons of each system. Our literature review also discusses some practical notes on the successful application of this system to provide a more comprehensive image of transient gene expression applicability in green plants. As a whole, this review contributes to the existing literature by shedding more light on various aspects of transient gene expression that have not been addressed thoroughly yet.
{"title":"Transient Gene Expression: an Approach for Recombinant Vaccine Production","authors":"M. Habibi-Pirkoohi, A. Shahriari, M. H. G. Parizipour","doi":"10.52547/JOMMID.9.1.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/JOMMID.9.1.46","url":null,"abstract":"The production of recombinant vaccines in green plants is an attractive and promising topic in genetic engineering. However, the stable transformation of green plants is a time-consuming, costly, and labor-intensive practice. Moreover, public concerns about genetically modified plants put another limitation on the development and release of transgenic plant-based recombinant vaccines. These shortcomings were addressed by developing transient gene expression systems that allow researchers to investigate candidate recombinant vaccines quickly without tedious work and high costs. A comprehensive literature review was used to gather relevant information. This approach has received much attention in various recombinant vaccine production platforms, including mammalian cell culture, insect cell culture, yeast expression systems, and, more importantly, in plant hosts. Due to their simplicity and efficiency, transient gene expression systems are now widely used to validate gene constructs and transgene expression within plant tissues. This paper describes the concept of transient gene expression and discusses the significant advantages of this approach for producing recombinant vaccines. Notably, the major types of transient gene expression viz. agroinfiltration, viral-based systems, and application of naked plasmid in plant cell culture are introduced, and some examples illustrate the pros and cons of each system. Our literature review also discusses some practical notes on the successful application of this system to provide a more comprehensive image of transient gene expression applicability in green plants. As a whole, this review contributes to the existing literature by shedding more light on various aspects of transient gene expression that have not been addressed thoroughly yet.","PeriodicalId":34460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86345170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of HBV-DNA Levels with Biochemical and Microbiological Parameters for Chronic Hepatitis Evaluation, Bursa, Turkey","authors":"Sanem Karadağ Geçgel","doi":"10.52547/jommid.9.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/jommid.9.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76125590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Silibinin (silibinin A) is the most active silymarin component, which acts both as a hepatoprotective [1] and an antiviral agent. The present study investigated the silibinin effect on IFN-related innate immune genes in PBMCs from HCV-infected patients. Method: 22 chronic HCV patients, including 10 IFN responders and 12 non-responders, were included. Their isolated PBMCs were treated for 6 hours in the presence of silibinin, IFN-α, or their combination. The transcription level of TLR7, ISG15, and SOCS1 genes was compared using real-time PCR. Result: Our result showed that IFN-α induced a significant up-regulation of TLR7 and ISG15 in PBMCs of both responder and non-responder groups. Nevertheless, the SOCS1 gene was not significantly changed in the non-responder group (P=0.32). The combination of IFNα- and silibinin showed a similar pattern to IFN-α alone. By itself, silibinin did not leave a significant change on the expression level of the studied genes . Conclusion: The results indicated that silibinin did not enhance or suppress the expression level of TLR7, ISG15, and SOCS1 genes. Therefore, it has been suggested that its anti-inflammatory role might be devoid of IFN pathways.
{"title":"The Effect of Silibinin on the Expression of TLR7, ISG15, and SOCS1 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Hepatitis C Infected Patients in Comparison with Interferon-α","authors":"R. Dowran, S. Hosseini, M. Fattahi, J. Sarvari","doi":"10.52547/JOMMID.9.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/JOMMID.9.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Silibinin (silibinin A) is the most active silymarin component, which acts both as a hepatoprotective [1] and an antiviral agent. The present study investigated the silibinin effect on IFN-related innate immune genes in PBMCs from HCV-infected patients. Method: 22 chronic HCV patients, including 10 IFN responders and 12 non-responders, were included. Their isolated PBMCs were treated for 6 hours in the presence of silibinin, IFN-α, or their combination. The transcription level of TLR7, ISG15, and SOCS1 genes was compared using real-time PCR. Result: Our result showed that IFN-α induced a significant up-regulation of TLR7 and ISG15 in PBMCs of both responder and non-responder groups. Nevertheless, the SOCS1 gene was not significantly changed in the non-responder group (P=0.32). The combination of IFNα- and silibinin showed a similar pattern to IFN-α alone. By itself, silibinin did not leave a significant change on the expression level of the studied genes . Conclusion: The results indicated that silibinin did not enhance or suppress the expression level of TLR7, ISG15, and SOCS1 genes. Therefore, it has been suggested that its anti-inflammatory role might be devoid of IFN pathways.","PeriodicalId":34460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83782033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntroductionIntestinal parasites are among the most prevalent foodborne diseases worldwide, and raw vegetables and herbs are among the primary sources of human infection by these parasites. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of parasitic contamination of fresh herbs in Shushtar, Khuzestan Province, Southwest of Iran.MethodsIn this study, 129 herb samples from various farms were collected and washed with water. The washing waters were centrifuged, and the resulting sediments were examined by formol-ether concentration and Sheatherchr('39')s sugar flotation procedure, as well as a wet smear and Ziehl-Neelsen staining.ResultsAmong the 129 samples, 73.6% (n=95) showed contamination with at least one parasite, including trophozoite like amoebae (52.6%), followed by Giardia lamblia (14.7%), Cryptosporidium spp. (2.1%), Blastocystis sp. (21%), free-living nematodes larvae (3.1%), Trichostrongilid nematodes (1.05%), Ascaris lumericoids eggs (2.1%), Hymenolepis spp. (2.1%) and Taeniid eggs (1.05%).ConclusionA high prevalence rate of parasitic contaminations of herbs in Shushtar necessitates proper washing of herbs and vegetables by consumers to prevent parasitic infections.
{"title":"Contamination of Raw Herbs with Parasitic Protozoa and Helminths in Shushtar City, Southwestern Iran","authors":"Seyede Manizhe Heidar Nejadi, A. Abdoli","doi":"10.52547/JOMMID.9.1.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/JOMMID.9.1.32","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionIntestinal parasites are among the most prevalent foodborne diseases worldwide, and raw vegetables and herbs are among the primary sources of human infection by these parasites. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of parasitic contamination of fresh herbs in Shushtar, Khuzestan Province, Southwest of Iran.MethodsIn this study, 129 herb samples from various farms were collected and washed with water. The washing waters were centrifuged, and the resulting sediments were examined by formol-ether concentration and Sheatherchr('39')s sugar flotation procedure, as well as a wet smear and Ziehl-Neelsen staining.ResultsAmong the 129 samples, 73.6% (n=95) showed contamination with at least one parasite, including trophozoite like amoebae (52.6%), followed by Giardia lamblia (14.7%), Cryptosporidium spp. (2.1%), Blastocystis sp. (21%), free-living nematodes larvae (3.1%), Trichostrongilid nematodes (1.05%), Ascaris lumericoids eggs (2.1%), Hymenolepis spp. (2.1%) and Taeniid eggs (1.05%).ConclusionA high prevalence rate of parasitic contaminations of herbs in Shushtar necessitates proper washing of herbs and vegetables by consumers to prevent parasitic infections.","PeriodicalId":34460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82786880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction : Rabies is a zoonotic fatal viral disease caused by the rabies virus of the genus Lyssavirus
狂犬病是由狂犬病毒属狂犬病病毒引起的一种人畜共患的致命病毒性疾病
{"title":"Evaluation of Multiplicity of Infection (MOI) and Harvesting Time on the Production of CVS-11 Strain of Rabies Virus in BSR Cell Line","authors":"M. Rahpeyma, R. Bashar","doi":"10.52547/JOMMID.9.1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/JOMMID.9.1.25","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction : Rabies is a zoonotic fatal viral disease caused by the rabies virus of the genus Lyssavirus","PeriodicalId":34460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73541969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent decades, some 30 new human pathogens have been identified, of which 75% were spillovers from animals. In late 2019, human infections with a new coronavirus from an unknown origin emerged in China and later spread worldwide. The zoonotic source of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 remains unknown, and there is only some limited information about the close association between the first human cases of COVID-19 and visiting animal markets. Now, bats and pangolins are suspected as natural hosts, and large cats, raccoon dogs, dogs, minks, ferrets, and pangolins as intermediate hosts. There is not enough evidence to prove that animals can transmit COVID-19 infection to humans, but there are some data about the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 between humans and some animal species.
{"title":"Transmission of COVID-19 between Animals and Humans: A challenge for the Scientists","authors":"E. Mostafavi, Z. Eftekhari, N. Jabbari, P. Gheibi","doi":"10.52547/JoMMID.9.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/JoMMID.9.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, some 30 new human pathogens have been identified, of which 75% were spillovers from animals. In late 2019, human infections with a new coronavirus from an unknown origin emerged in China and later spread worldwide. The zoonotic source of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 remains unknown, and there is only some limited information about the close association between the first human cases of COVID-19 and visiting animal markets. Now, bats and pangolins are suspected as natural hosts, and large cats, raccoon dogs, dogs, minks, ferrets, and pangolins as intermediate hosts. There is not enough evidence to prove that animals can transmit COVID-19 infection to humans, but there are some data about the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 between humans and some animal species.","PeriodicalId":34460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80926891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of Antioxidant Activity of Dracocephalum polychaetum Bornm and Nepeta cataria L. and Their Effect on Probiotic Bacteria in a Simulated Gastrointestinal Environment","authors":"F. Shahdadi, Maryam Payandeh, A. S. Sardoei","doi":"10.52547/JOMMID.9.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/JOMMID.9.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction :","PeriodicalId":34460,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"292 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89223685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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