This paper reports on the combined application of the Hadamard and Haar transforms as a method of speech coding. The results of an extensive investigation of the properties of 64-point Hadamard-Haar transformed speech are presented, with detailed information being provided about the probability-density functions of the Haar coefficients, about the average power-density spectrum in the Haar domain, and about the autocorrelation function of speech reconstructed from a limited number of Haar coefficients. A preliminary series of listening tests have been performed and they confirm the conclusions drawn from the statistical properties of the transformed speech. The preliminary listening tests indicate that intelligible, though somewhat noisy, speech can be obtained at bit rates of approximately 3.5kbit/s.
{"title":"Speech coding by the Hadamard-Haar transform","authors":"E. Frangoulis, L. Turner","doi":"10.1049/IJ-CDT:19780030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/IJ-CDT:19780030","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the combined application of the Hadamard and Haar transforms as a method of speech coding. The results of an extensive investigation of the properties of 64-point Hadamard-Haar transformed speech are presented, with detailed information being provided about the probability-density functions of the Haar coefficients, about the average power-density spectrum in the Haar domain, and about the autocorrelation function of speech reconstructed from a limited number of Haar coefficients. A preliminary series of listening tests have been performed and they confirm the conclusions drawn from the statistical properties of the transformed speech. The preliminary listening tests indicate that intelligible, though somewhat noisy, speech can be obtained at bit rates of approximately 3.5kbit/s.","PeriodicalId":344610,"journal":{"name":"Iee Journal on Computers and Digital Techniques","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124473413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-08-01DOI: 10.1049/IJ-CDT.1978.0026
D. M. Taub
Large-scale integration is difficult to apply in the area of peripheral-device control units. This is because frequent design changes result in long design times and limited production runs. The paper presents a solution to this problem, in which the control of a group of peripheral devices is shared between one general purpose microprocessor and a number of `universal adaptors' (u.a.s) all made to the same design. The u.a.s contain certain mandatory features, such as output registers and circuits for recognising addressing information and simple instructions sent from the processor. They also contain two special-purpose stored-program structures aimed at relieving the load on the processor and its input-output interface. One, called the sense unit, detects specified external conditions and interrupts the processor when they occur. The second, called the sequence unit, carries out simple input-output routines that involve the detection of external events and timing or counting. The paper gives details of the facilities these units provide and discusses the reasons for them. Their programs total 9 bytes and are loaded by the processor as needed. A system suitable for low-and medium-speed devices has been built and successfully demonstrated. In this, all the logic and storage functions of the u.a. are provided on a single m.o.s.t. chip containing about 6000 transistors. The u.a. logic circuits and the interface between u.a.s and the processor operate in the serial mode.
{"title":"Control of peripheral devices with a general-purpose processor and universal adaptors","authors":"D. M. Taub","doi":"10.1049/IJ-CDT.1978.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/IJ-CDT.1978.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale integration is difficult to apply in the area of peripheral-device control units. This is because frequent design changes result in long design times and limited production runs. The paper presents a solution to this problem, in which the control of a group of peripheral devices is shared between one general purpose microprocessor and a number of `universal adaptors' (u.a.s) all made to the same design. The u.a.s contain certain mandatory features, such as output registers and circuits for recognising addressing information and simple instructions sent from the processor. They also contain two special-purpose stored-program structures aimed at relieving the load on the processor and its input-output interface. One, called the sense unit, detects specified external conditions and interrupts the processor when they occur. The second, called the sequence unit, carries out simple input-output routines that involve the detection of external events and timing or counting. The paper gives details of the facilities these units provide and discusses the reasons for them. Their programs total 9 bytes and are loaded by the processor as needed. A system suitable for low-and medium-speed devices has been built and successfully demonstrated. In this, all the logic and storage functions of the u.a. are provided on a single m.o.s.t. chip containing about 6000 transistors. The u.a. logic circuits and the interface between u.a.s and the processor operate in the serial mode.","PeriodicalId":344610,"journal":{"name":"Iee Journal on Computers and Digital Techniques","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114154563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Four measures of contention are derived as explicit formulas valid for particular stated assumptions and a wide range of multiprocessor configurations. In particular, models with and without queues are presented together with a model in which contention is partly caused by restricting the number of data highways. Results are compared with those published by other workers in the field, and the four techniques contrasted among themselves.
{"title":"Derivation and comparison of multiprocessor contention measures","authors":"P. Willis","doi":"10.1049/IJ-CDT:19780027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/IJ-CDT:19780027","url":null,"abstract":"Four measures of contention are derived as explicit formulas valid for particular stated assumptions and a wide range of multiprocessor configurations. In particular, models with and without queues are presented together with a model in which contention is partly caused by restricting the number of data highways. Results are compared with those published by other workers in the field, and the four techniques contrasted among themselves.","PeriodicalId":344610,"journal":{"name":"Iee Journal on Computers and Digital Techniques","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128294308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The derivation is given of a simple compact form for evaluating the spectra for the sum and product of two functions in terms of their individual spectra alone. The method avoids the reintroduction of the transform. The results are extended to include the exclusive-OR function and are easily applied for the computation of the spectra of more complex Boolean functions in terms of their individual spectra.
{"title":"Evaluation of the spectra of sum and product functions","authors":"J. Muzio","doi":"10.1049/IJ-CDT:19780031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/IJ-CDT:19780031","url":null,"abstract":"The derivation is given of a simple compact form for evaluating the spectra for the sum and product of two functions in terms of their individual spectra alone. The method avoids the reintroduction of the transform. The results are extended to include the exclusive-OR function and are easily applied for the computation of the spectra of more complex Boolean functions in terms of their individual spectra.","PeriodicalId":344610,"journal":{"name":"Iee Journal on Computers and Digital Techniques","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126154654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-08-01DOI: 10.1049/IJ-CDT.1978.0021
O. Folberth
The impact of semiconductor technology on systems and on people is substantial, and increases with further increasing scales of integration. This is mainly the result of further cost reductions and therefore of a growing penetration of highly integrated silicon chips into a wide variety of applications. In the first part of the paper, the impact of v.l.s.i. on systems will be discussed, dealing especially with the following topics: benefits from integration, differentiated cost reductions, new applications, regular arrays and random logic, performance implications, system size, and interface problems. The second part of the paper deals with people-oriented topics: dimensions of knowledge, `remote engineering', simulation and modelling, changing careers, numeracy, productivity impact, and technology: no end in itself.
{"title":"Impact of very-large-scale integration (v.l.s.i) on systems and people","authors":"O. Folberth","doi":"10.1049/IJ-CDT.1978.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/IJ-CDT.1978.0021","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of semiconductor technology on systems and on people is substantial, and increases with further increasing scales of integration. This is mainly the result of further cost reductions and therefore of a growing penetration of highly integrated silicon chips into a wide variety of applications. In the first part of the paper, the impact of v.l.s.i. on systems will be discussed, dealing especially with the following topics: benefits from integration, differentiated cost reductions, new applications, regular arrays and random logic, performance implications, system size, and interface problems. The second part of the paper deals with people-oriented topics: dimensions of knowledge, `remote engineering', simulation and modelling, changing careers, numeracy, productivity impact, and technology: no end in itself.","PeriodicalId":344610,"journal":{"name":"Iee Journal on Computers and Digital Techniques","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131182331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper sets out to survey the present status of basic research into the theory and application of Rademacher-Walsh spectral transforms in the field of digital logic, and to suggest its possible potential in the area of fault diagnosis. A particular advantage of spectral data in comparison with more conventional Boolean data is its ease of handling by normal computer software, although this particular paper confines itself to basic concepts rather than c.a.d. and software details.
{"title":"Rademacher–Walsh spectral transform: a new tool for problems in adigital-network fault diagnosis?","authors":"R. Bennetts, S. Hurst","doi":"10.1049/IJ-CDT:19780012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/IJ-CDT:19780012","url":null,"abstract":"The paper sets out to survey the present status of basic research into the theory and application of Rademacher-Walsh spectral transforms in the field of digital logic, and to suggest its possible potential in the area of fault diagnosis. A particular advantage of spectral data in comparison with more conventional Boolean data is its ease of handling by normal computer software, although this particular paper confines itself to basic concepts rather than c.a.d. and software details.","PeriodicalId":344610,"journal":{"name":"Iee Journal on Computers and Digital Techniques","volume":"20 21-22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123591669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relationships between the Rademacher?Walsh spectra of Boolean functions and the spectrum of the Boolean product (AND) and sum (OR) of such functions is investigated. Appropriate matrix operations in the spectral domain are defined for these Boolean operations, and further developments considered.
{"title":"Relationships between Rademacher - Walsh spectra of boolean functions","authors":"E. Eris","doi":"10.1049/IJ-CDT:19780013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/IJ-CDT:19780013","url":null,"abstract":"The relationships between the Rademacher?Walsh spectra of Boolean functions and the spectrum of the Boolean product (AND) and sum (OR) of such functions is investigated. Appropriate matrix operations in the spectral domain are defined for these Boolean operations, and further developments considered.","PeriodicalId":344610,"journal":{"name":"Iee Journal on Computers and Digital Techniques","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117211876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial. Spectral techniques in digital logic","authors":"S. Hurst","doi":"10.1049/ij-cdt:19780011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ij-cdt:19780011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344610,"journal":{"name":"Iee Journal on Computers and Digital Techniques","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122559542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microprogrammable Computer Architectures","authors":"M. Wilkes","doi":"10.1049/ij-cdt:19780015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ij-cdt:19780015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":344610,"journal":{"name":"Iee Journal on Computers and Digital Techniques","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132383702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-05-01DOI: 10.1049/IJ-CDT.1978.0017
J. Kittler
In the paper, the problem of classifying pattern vectors with missing descriptors using the parametric minimum-error decision rule for normally distributed classes is considered. A computationally efficient method for determining the optimal parameters of the classifier for operating in any subspace of the pattern space is proposed. In general, for any number of missing descriptors satisfying q < n/2, where n is the dimensionality of the complete pattern space, the method affords considerable saving in both computer time and storage requirements. Consequently, the cost of implementation of the classifier is substantially reduced.
{"title":"Multiclass parametric decision-making processor for classification of patterns with missing descriptors","authors":"J. Kittler","doi":"10.1049/IJ-CDT.1978.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/IJ-CDT.1978.0017","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, the problem of classifying pattern vectors with missing descriptors using the parametric minimum-error decision rule for normally distributed classes is considered. A computationally efficient method for determining the optimal parameters of the classifier for operating in any subspace of the pattern space is proposed. In general, for any number of missing descriptors satisfying q < n/2, where n is the dimensionality of the complete pattern space, the method affords considerable saving in both computer time and storage requirements. Consequently, the cost of implementation of the classifier is substantially reduced.","PeriodicalId":344610,"journal":{"name":"Iee Journal on Computers and Digital Techniques","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116074777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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