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2010 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD)最新文献

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Manufacturing and characteristics of low-voltage organic thin-film transistors 低压有机薄膜晶体管的制造与特性
Pub Date : 2010-11-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICCAD.2010.5653765
H. Klauk, U. Zschieschang
Organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) are field-effect transistors in which the semiconductor is a more or less ordered (usually polycrystalline) film of conjugated organic molecules [1]. The channel mobility of organic TFTs is usually in the range of 0.1 to 1 cm2/Vs, and the cutoff frequency is typically between 10 kHz and 1 MHz. Organic TFTs can be fabricated at relatively low temperatures of about 100 ºC and thus on flexible plastic substrates and even on paper. To keep the gate leakage through the low-temperature-deposited gate dielectric small, the dielectric is usually relatively thick, so that organic TFTs typically require relatively large voltages (≥10 V). Recently, a monolayer-based dielectric with a thickness of only a few nanometers that provides both a large capacitance and small gate leakage has allowed the fabrication of organic TFTs and organic complementary circuits that can be operated with voltages of about 2 to 3 V.
有机薄膜晶体管(TFTs)是一种场效应晶体管,其中半导体或多或少是共轭有机分子的有序(通常是多晶)薄膜[1]。有机TFTs的通道迁移率通常在0.1 ~ 1 cm2/Vs之间,截止频率通常在10 kHz ~ 1 MHz之间。有机tft可以在大约100ºC的相对较低的温度下制造,因此可以在柔性塑料衬底上甚至在纸上制造。为了保持低温沉积栅极电介质的栅极漏电,电介质通常相对较厚,因此有机tft通常需要相对较大的电压(≥10 V)。最近,一种厚度仅为几纳米的单层电介质可以提供大电容和小栅极漏电,这使得有机tft和有机互补电路的制造可以在约2至3 V的电压下工作。
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引用次数: 1
Early P/G grid voltage integrity verification 早期P/G电网电压完整性验证
Pub Date : 2010-11-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICCAD.2010.5653904
M. Avci, F. Najm
As part of power delivery network verification, one should check if the voltage fluctuations exceed some critical threshold. In this work, we consider the power and ground grids together and describe an early verification approach under the framework of current constraints where tight lower and upper bounds on worst-case voltage fluctuations are computed via linear programs. Experimental results indicate that the proposed technique results in errors in the range of a few mV.
作为输电网验证的一部分,应检查电压波动是否超过某个临界阈值。在这项工作中,我们将电力网和地网一起考虑,并在电流约束的框架下描述了一种早期验证方法,其中通过线性程序计算最坏情况电压波动的严格下限和上界。实验结果表明,该方法的误差在几mV范围内。
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引用次数: 16
Design of analog circuits using organic field-effect transistors 利用有机场效应晶体管设计模拟电路
Pub Date : 2010-11-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICCAD.2010.5653805
B. Murmann, Wei Xiong
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) can be manufactured at low temperatures, enabling the fabrication of integrated circuits on flexible plastic substrates and the coverage of large areas at potentially low cost. This paper evaluates state-of-the-art OFET technology from the perspective of the analog circuit designer. Specifically, we review important OFET device performance metrics in comparison to generic silicon CMOS transistors. In addition, an overview of recent accomplishments in OFET-based analog design is presented.
有机场效应晶体管(ofet)可以在低温下制造,从而可以在柔性塑料衬底上制造集成电路,并以潜在的低成本覆盖大面积。本文从模拟电路设计者的角度来评价当前最先进的OFET技术。具体来说,我们回顾了重要的OFET器件性能指标与通用硅CMOS晶体管的比较。此外,还概述了基于ofet的模拟设计的最新成就。
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引用次数: 12
Trace signal selection to enhance timing and logic visibility in post-silicon validation 跟踪信号选择,以提高后硅验证的时序和逻辑可见性
Pub Date : 2010-11-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICCAD.2010.5654123
H. Shojaei, A. Davoodi
Trace buffer technology allows tracking the values of a few number of state elements inside a chip within a desired time window, which is used to analyze logic errors during post-silicon validation. Due to limitation in the bandwidth of trace buffers, only few state elements can be selected for tracing. In this work we first propose two improvements to existing “signal selection” algorithms to further increase the logic restorability inside the chip. In addition, we observe that different selections of trace signals can result in the same quality, measured as a logic visibility metric. Based on this observation, we propose a procedure which biases the selection to increase the restorability of a desired set of critical state elements, without sacrificing the (overall) logic visibility. We propose to select the critical state elements to increase the “timing visibility” inside the chip to facilitate the debugging of timing errors which are perhaps the most challenging type of error to debug at the post-silicon stage. Specifically, we introduce a case when the critical state elements are selected to track the transient fluctuations in the power delivery network which can cause significant variations in the delays of the speedpaths in the circuit in nanometer technologies. This paper proposes to use the trace buffer technology to increase the timing visibility inside the chip, without sacrificing the logic visibility.
跟踪缓冲技术允许在期望的时间窗口内跟踪芯片内几个状态元素的值,用于分析后硅验证期间的逻辑错误。由于跟踪缓冲区带宽的限制,只能选择很少的状态元素进行跟踪。在这项工作中,我们首先提出了对现有“信号选择”算法的两项改进,以进一步提高芯片内部的逻辑可恢复性。此外,我们观察到跟踪信号的不同选择可以导致相同的质量,作为逻辑可见性度量来测量。基于这一观察,我们提出了一个过程,该过程对选择进行偏置,以增加所需的一组关键状态元素的可恢复性,而不牺牲(整体)逻辑可见性。我们建议选择关键状态元件来增加芯片内部的“定时可见性”,以方便调试定时错误,这可能是在后硅阶段调试最具挑战性的错误类型。具体来说,我们介绍了在纳米技术中选择临界状态元件来跟踪输电网络中的瞬态波动的情况,这种波动会导致电路中速度路径延迟的显著变化。本文提出在不牺牲逻辑可见性的前提下,利用跟踪缓冲技术提高芯片内部的时序可见性。
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引用次数: 30
MVP: Capture-power reduction with minimum-violations partitioning for delay testing MVP:通过延迟测试的最小违例分区减少捕获功率
Pub Date : 2010-11-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICCAD.2010.5654124
Zhen Chen, K. Chakrabarty, D. Xiang
Scan shift power can be reduced by activating only a subset of scan cells in each shift cycle. In contrast to shift power reduction, the use of only a subset of scan cells to capture responses in a cycle may cause capture violations, thereby leading to fault coverage loss. In order to restore the original fault coverage, new test patterns must be generated, leading to higher test-data volume. In this paper, we propose minimum-violations partitioning (MVP), a scan-cell clustering method that can support multiple capture cycles in delay testing without increasing test-data volume. This method is based on an integer linear programming model and it can cluster the scan flip-flops into balanced parts with minimum capture violations. Based on this approach, hierarchical partitioning is proposed to make the partitioning method routingaware. Experimental results on ISCAS'89 and IWLS'05 benchmark circuits demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
扫描移位功率可以通过在每个移位周期中仅激活扫描单元的子集来降低。与减少移位功率相反,在一个周期中仅使用扫描单元的子集来捕获响应可能会导致捕获违规,从而导致故障覆盖损失。为了恢复原来的故障覆盖率,必须生成新的测试模式,从而产生更高的测试数据量。在本文中,我们提出了最小违例划分(MVP),这是一种扫描单元聚类方法,可以在不增加测试数据量的情况下支持延迟测试中的多个捕获周期。该方法基于整数线性规划模型,可将扫描触发器聚类成捕获违规最小的平衡部分。在此基础上,提出了分层分区,使分区方法具有路由感知能力。在ISCAS’89和IWLS’05基准电路上的实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 23
Design method and test structure to characterize and repair TSV defect induced signal degradation in 3D system 三维系统中TSV缺陷诱导信号退化的表征与修复设计方法与测试结构
Pub Date : 2010-11-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICCAD.2010.5654255
M. Cho, Chang Liu, Daehyun Kim, S. Lim, S. Mukhopadhyay
In this paper we present a test structure and design methodology for testing, characterization, and self-repair of TSVs in 3D ICs. The proposed structure can detect the signal degradation through TSVs due to resistive shorts and variations in TSV. For TSVs with moderate signal degradations, the proposed structure reconfigures itself as signal recovery circuit to improve signal fidelity. The paper presents the design of the test/recovery structure, the test methodologies, and demonstrates its effectiveness through stand alone simulations as well as in a full-chip physical design of a 3D IC.
在本文中,我们提出了一种测试结构和设计方法,用于3D集成电路中tsv的测试,表征和自我修复。所提出的结构可以检测由于电阻短路和TSV变化而导致的TSV信号退化。对于中度信号退化的tsv,该结构将自身重新配置为信号恢复电路,以提高信号保真度。本文介绍了测试/恢复结构的设计、测试方法,并通过独立仿真和三维集成电路的全芯片物理设计证明了其有效性。
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引用次数: 67
Active learning framework for post-silicon variation extraction and test cost reduction 后硅变化提取和测试成本降低的主动学习框架
Pub Date : 2010-11-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICCAD.2010.5653806
Cheng Zhuo, K. Agarwal, D. Blaauw, D. Sylvester
Traditional process variation modeling is primarily focused on design-time analysis and optimization. However, with the advances of postsilicon techniques, accurate variation model is also highly desired in various post-silicon applications, such as post-silicon tuning, test vector generation, and reliability prediction. The accuracy of such post-silicon variation models is greatly improved by incorporating test measurements from each wafer or die. However, to limit test cost, the number of measurements must be reduced as much as possible. This paper proposes an active learning framework to dynamically extract post-silicon process variation models with tightened variance from measurements. The framework is composed of two stages, active training and model adaptation. Active training collects information and initializes the models to be used for the forthcoming wafers. Model adaptation stage then validates the models and optimally determines the test configuration for partial testing to reduce the test cost. Experimental results based on the measurements from two industrial processes show that the proposed framework can achieve variation models with variance reduction of ∼80% when compared with design-time variation models. Meanwhile, the average estimation error for those untested sites is well maintained at ∼2–3% using merely ∼30% available test structures for two processes.
传统的过程变化建模主要集中在设计时的分析和优化。然而,随着后硅技术的进步,在各种后硅应用中,如后硅调谐、测试向量生成和可靠性预测,也非常需要精确的变化模型。这种后硅变化模型的准确性通过结合每个晶圆或芯片的测试测量而大大提高。然而,为了限制测试成本,必须尽可能减少测量次数。本文提出了一种主动学习框架,用于动态提取具有紧方差的后硅工艺变化模型。该框架由主动训练和模式适应两个阶段组成。主动训练收集信息并初始化用于即将到来的晶圆的模型。然后,模型适应阶段验证模型并确定局部测试的最佳测试配置,以降低测试成本。基于两个工业过程测量的实验结果表明,与设计时变化模型相比,所提出的框架可以实现方差减少约80%的变化模型。同时,对于那些未测试的站点,使用仅为两个过程提供的~ 30%的测试结构,平均估计误差可以很好地维持在~ 2-3%。
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引用次数: 13
On timing-independent false path identification 不依赖于时间的假路径辨识
Pub Date : 2010-11-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICCAD.2010.5653847
F. Yuan, Q. Xu
This paper is concerned with finding timing-independent false paths that cannot be sensitized under any signal arrival time condition in integrated circuits. Existing techniques regard a path as a true path as long as a vector pair can be found to sensitize it. This is rather pessimistic since such a path might be activated only with illegal states in the circuit and hence it is actually functionally-unsensitizable. In this paper, we develop novel techniques to take the above issue into consideration when identifying false paths, which facilitates us to find much more false paths than conventional techniques. Experimental results on benchmark circuits demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
本文研究的是在集成电路中寻找在任何信号到达时间条件下都不能敏化的与时间无关的假路径。现有的技术认为,只要能找到一个矢量对使其敏感,路径就是真路径。这是相当悲观的,因为这样的路径可能只有在电路中的非法状态下才会被激活,因此它实际上是功能不敏感的。在本文中,我们开发了新的技术,在识别假路径时考虑到上述问题,这使得我们比传统技术更容易发现更多的假路径。在基准电路上的实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 5
Local clock skew minimization using blockage-aware mixed tree-mesh clock network 使用阻塞感知混合树网状时钟网络的本地时钟偏差最小化
Pub Date : 2010-11-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICCAD.2010.5653732
Linfu Xiao, Zigang Xiao, Zaichen Qian, Yande Jiang, Tao Huang, Haitong Tian, Evangeline F. Y. Young
Clock network construction is one key problem in high performance VLSI design. Reducing the clock skew variation is one of the most important objectives during clock network synthesis. Local clock skew (LCS) is the clock skew between any two sinks with distance less than or equal to a given threshold. It is defined in the ISPD 2010 High Performance Clock Network Synthesis Contest [1], and it is a novel criterion that captures process variation effects on a clock network. In this paper, we propose a hybrid method that creates a mesh upon a tree topology. Total wire and buffer capacitance is minimized under the LCS and slew constraints. In our method, a clock mesh will be built first according to the positions and capacitance of the sinks. A top-level tree is then built to drive the mesh. A blockage-aware routing method is used during the tree construction. Experimental results show our efficiency and the solution generated by our approach can satisfy the LCS constraint of all the benchmarks in the contest [1], with a fair capacitance usage.
时钟网络的构建是高性能VLSI设计中的一个关键问题。减小时钟偏差是时钟网络合成过程中最重要的目标之一。本地时钟偏差(LCS)是指距离小于或等于给定阈值的任意两个汇点之间的时钟偏差。它是在ISPD 2010高性能时钟网络综合竞赛中定义的[1],它是捕获时钟网络上的过程变化影响的新标准。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于树拓扑结构创建网格的混合方法。在LCS和摆位约束下,总导线电容和缓冲电容最小。在我们的方法中,时钟网格将首先根据水槽的位置和电容建立。然后构建一个顶级树来驱动网格。在树的构建过程中使用了感知阻塞的路由方法。实验结果表明,我们的效率和我们的方法生成的解可以满足竞赛中所有基准的LCS约束[1],并具有合理的电容利用率。
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引用次数: 36
A robust functional ECO engine by SAT proof minimization and interpolation techniques 一个强大的功能性ECO发动机,通过SAT证明最小化和插值技术
Pub Date : 2010-11-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICCAD.2010.5654265
Bo-Han Wu, Chun-Ju Yang, Chung-Yang Huang, J. H. Jiang
Functional rectification in late design stages has been a crucial process in modern complex system design. This paper proposes a robust functional ECO engine, which applies SAT proof minimization and interpolation techniques to automate patch construction to make old implementation and golden specification functionally equivalent. The SAT proof minimization technique provides a sound and efficient way of fixing easy errors, and the interpolation technique provides a complete and robust way of fixing remaining errors. Experimental results show that our engine performs robustly to generate small patches in fixing various design rectification instances.
设计后期的功能纠错是现代复杂系统设计的关键环节。本文提出了一种鲁棒的功能性ECO引擎,该引擎应用SAT证明最小化和插值技术来自动构建补丁,使旧实现和黄金规范在功能上等同。SAT证明最小化技术提供了一种合理而有效的方法来修复容易的误差,而插值技术提供了一种完整而稳健的方法来修复剩余的误差。实验结果表明,该引擎在修复各种设计整改实例时,能够鲁棒地生成小补丁。
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引用次数: 31
期刊
2010 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD)
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