Trends in modern motor designs require the power converter to satisfy stringent requirements. A few of the recently proposed quasi-resonant inverters have the capability to reach the performance levels required to drive these motors directly. A comparative evaluation of these inverter topologies is presented, with the conventional hard switched inverter as the base. All these inverters represent performance and size advantages compared to a conventional hard switched inverter. A preliminary reliability analysis reveals that the new topologies have somewhat smaller MTBF (mean time between failures) than the conventional hard switched inverter.<>
{"title":"Evaluation of inverter topology options for low inductance motors","authors":"G. Venkataramanan","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299026","url":null,"abstract":"Trends in modern motor designs require the power converter to satisfy stringent requirements. A few of the recently proposed quasi-resonant inverters have the capability to reach the performance levels required to drive these motors directly. A comparative evaluation of these inverter topologies is presented, with the conventional hard switched inverter as the base. All these inverters represent performance and size advantages compared to a conventional hard switched inverter. A preliminary reliability analysis reveals that the new topologies have somewhat smaller MTBF (mean time between failures) than the conventional hard switched inverter.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130646860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On the basis of a recent experimental investigation and an improved knowledge of physical processes in leader discharges, a theory is presented to permit estimation of the field required for streamer-to-leader transition at different humidities. It is clearly shown that electron-impact ionization is the main parameter for leader formation. Two predictions are made: the electric field necessary for leader formation is considerably lower than the field necessary for the first corona streamer formation (i.e., approximately 30 kV/cm). Secondly, this field decreases with increasing humidity.<>
{"title":"Proposed theory for streamer-to-leader-transition in non-uniform field air gaps subjected to positive switching-impulses","authors":"H.H. Zahraee","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299061","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of a recent experimental investigation and an improved knowledge of physical processes in leader discharges, a theory is presented to permit estimation of the field required for streamer-to-leader transition at different humidities. It is clearly shown that electron-impact ionization is the main parameter for leader formation. Two predictions are made: the electric field necessary for leader formation is considerably lower than the field necessary for the first corona streamer formation (i.e., approximately 30 kV/cm). Secondly, this field decreases with increasing humidity.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123853923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The characteristics, physical construction, and application of a newly commercialized high-frequency SIT (static induction transistor) are discussed. The main features of this device are a lowering in the gate-to-source and gate-to-drain capacitances, and an increase in the breakdown voltage and power rating. These enhancements were brought about as a result of the introduction of new and refined manufacturing technologies. This SIT device is currently being applied in applications such as medium-wavelength radio transmitters and induction heaters.<>
{"title":"High frequency-high power static induction transistor","authors":"M. Tatsuta, E. Yamanaka, J. Nishizawa","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299113","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics, physical construction, and application of a newly commercialized high-frequency SIT (static induction transistor) are discussed. The main features of this device are a lowering in the gate-to-source and gate-to-drain capacitances, and an increase in the breakdown voltage and power rating. These enhancements were brought about as a result of the introduction of new and refined manufacturing technologies. This SIT device is currently being applied in applications such as medium-wavelength radio transmitters and induction heaters.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"abs/2206.00369 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123473017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Calculation methods for the rotor and the secondary resistance of an induction motor are proposed. The first method is a rotor speed calculation method by which the exact speed can be computed directly. The method does not require information about the secondary resistance, which makes it free from the variation of the secondary resistance. The second method is a direct secondary resistance calculation method. It can be applied to compensation in speed sensorless vector control for exact speed extimation of a secondary resistance. The effectiveness of the proposed methods was verified by digital simulation and experimental results. The influence of the machine and control circuit parameters is also examined.<>
{"title":"Sensor-less speed control of an induction motor with no influence of secondary resistance variation","authors":"T. Kanmachi, I. Taahashi","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.298956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.298956","url":null,"abstract":"Calculation methods for the rotor and the secondary resistance of an induction motor are proposed. The first method is a rotor speed calculation method by which the exact speed can be computed directly. The method does not require information about the secondary resistance, which makes it free from the variation of the secondary resistance. The second method is a direct secondary resistance calculation method. It can be applied to compensation in speed sensorless vector control for exact speed extimation of a secondary resistance. The effectiveness of the proposed methods was verified by digital simulation and experimental results. The influence of the machine and control circuit parameters is also examined.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116502561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A novel, modified neutral-point-clamped (NPC) converter is proposed. It generates quasi-18-step input voltages and gives nearly sinusoidal input currents at a switching frequency of triple the power line frequency. Theoretical and experimental work has shown that the proposed converter is suitable for large-capacity power converters for electric utility applications, because it makes the most of the circuit characteristics of high-voltage converters, i.e., the series connection of switching devices, and it produces fairly good input voltage and current waveforms at low switching frequencies. The authors present the operating principle, the analysis and synthesis of the input voltage waveforms in a single and a double converter system, and experimental results.<>
{"title":"Three-phase multilevel voltage source converters with low switching frequencies and less-distorted input voltages","authors":"K. Oguchi, Y. Maki, Yoshinori Sunaga","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299001","url":null,"abstract":"A novel, modified neutral-point-clamped (NPC) converter is proposed. It generates quasi-18-step input voltages and gives nearly sinusoidal input currents at a switching frequency of triple the power line frequency. Theoretical and experimental work has shown that the proposed converter is suitable for large-capacity power converters for electric utility applications, because it makes the most of the circuit characteristics of high-voltage converters, i.e., the series connection of switching devices, and it produces fairly good input voltage and current waveforms at low switching frequencies. The authors present the operating principle, the analysis and synthesis of the input voltage waveforms in a single and a double converter system, and experimental results.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"468 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124495909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors present a methodology for calculating the optimal cogeneration facility capacity and operation suitable for demand-side peak shaving, ensuring a reliable service and economic utilization of the facility. This methodology takes into consideration steam conditions in the plant, electric load profile, fuel price, operating hours, plant critical load, power factor penalty, and economic indicators. The methodology depends upon increasing the shaving amount to increase the facility utility factor for improving its economy. The computer program developed for this study provides cogeneration facility capacity, costs, payback period, benefit to cost ratio, and facility utilization factor. The output of the program also contains improved load factor, reduced demand level, new contracting demand, future tariff evolution, and project cash flow table. The results of the application of the proposed methodology to an industrial company in Egypt have shown that it is technically and economically feasible to use a cogeneration facility for peak demand shaving.<>
{"title":"Peak demand shaving by cogeneration","authors":"M. El-Shibini, M. Emam","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299151","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present a methodology for calculating the optimal cogeneration facility capacity and operation suitable for demand-side peak shaving, ensuring a reliable service and economic utilization of the facility. This methodology takes into consideration steam conditions in the plant, electric load profile, fuel price, operating hours, plant critical load, power factor penalty, and economic indicators. The methodology depends upon increasing the shaving amount to increase the facility utility factor for improving its economy. The computer program developed for this study provides cogeneration facility capacity, costs, payback period, benefit to cost ratio, and facility utilization factor. The output of the program also contains improved load factor, reduced demand level, new contracting demand, future tariff evolution, and project cash flow table. The results of the application of the proposed methodology to an industrial company in Egypt have shown that it is technically and economically feasible to use a cogeneration facility for peak demand shaving.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128096958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A brushless DC (BLDC) motor velocity control system using a variable structure controller (VSC) has been investigated. Using the pole placement design method, with the state-space model of the BLDC motor, simplifies the design of the VSC controller. The controller is intentionally switched in its structure according to the sign of deviation of the system state from a switching surface where the system performance is prescribed. Chattering is reduced when the switching effort is made proportional to the magnitude of the system state deviation from the switching surface. With the application of a VSC, simulation results indicated that the system performance with respect to the sensitivity to parameter variations is greatly improved.<>
{"title":"Reduced parameter variation sensitivity with a variable structure controller in brushless DC motor velocity control systems","authors":"C.K. Lee, N. Kwok","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.298869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.298869","url":null,"abstract":"A brushless DC (BLDC) motor velocity control system using a variable structure controller (VSC) has been investigated. Using the pole placement design method, with the state-space model of the BLDC motor, simplifies the design of the VSC controller. The controller is intentionally switched in its structure according to the sign of deviation of the system state from a switching surface where the system performance is prescribed. Chattering is reduced when the switching effort is made proportional to the magnitude of the system state deviation from the switching surface. With the application of a VSC, simulation results indicated that the system performance with respect to the sensitivity to parameter variations is greatly improved.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125582342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Montanari, M. Loggini, L. Pitti, E. Tironi, D. Zaninelli
The effect of a series inductor on the reduction of voltage flicker in electric power systems supplying arc furnaces is assessed. The arc furnace is simulated as a voltage generator with variable amplitude during the melting process. The design of the inductor hinges on the fact that, when connected into the electric power system, it should not interfere with the production capacity of the plant itself. The use of a powerful simulation program (EMTP) makes it possible to study a large number of cases and therefore to determine the appropriate size of the series inductor for the purpose of reducing voltage flicker. The simultaneous presence of the series inductor with capacitors and/or filters, with the purpose of limiting harmonic pollution and improving the power factor, is also discussed.<>
{"title":"The effects of series inductors for flicker reduction in electric power systems supplying arc furnaces","authors":"G. Montanari, M. Loggini, L. Pitti, E. Tironi, D. Zaninelli","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299209","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of a series inductor on the reduction of voltage flicker in electric power systems supplying arc furnaces is assessed. The arc furnace is simulated as a voltage generator with variable amplitude during the melting process. The design of the inductor hinges on the fact that, when connected into the electric power system, it should not interfere with the production capacity of the plant itself. The use of a powerful simulation program (EMTP) makes it possible to study a large number of cases and therefore to determine the appropriate size of the series inductor for the purpose of reducing voltage flicker. The simultaneous presence of the series inductor with capacitors and/or filters, with the purpose of limiting harmonic pollution and improving the power factor, is also discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125635774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masao Washizu, O. Kurosawa, I. Arai, Seiichi Suzuki, Nobuo Shimamoto
The authors have previously reported that the electrostatic orientation and the dielectrophoresis (DEP) of DNA occur under a approximately=1 MHz, >1*10/sup 6/ V/m field, by which the DNA strands are stretched straight along field lines and positioned onto electrode edges. In the present work they discuss some applications of this stretch-and-positioning method to genetic engineering. It is shown that the DNA size distribution, as well as the activities of nuclease, can be determined by the measurement of the apparent length of stretched DNA. Several methods are developed to immobilize stretched DNA onto a substrate, including immobilization onto a conducting substrate for observations with scanning tunneling microscopy and anchoring onto a substrate only at the two ends of DNA using a special electrode configuration, and/or molecular binding between avidin and biotin. The DNA can be held without contact to the substrate in the latter method, so that it does not cause steric hindrances to the DNA-binding enzymes. A novel fluid integrated circuit (FIC) device is proposed in which stretched DNAs are cut by laser beam for successive sequencing. A method for obtaining unidirectionally oriented DNAs is developed.<>
{"title":"Applications of electrostatic stretch-and-positioning of DNA","authors":"Masao Washizu, O. Kurosawa, I. Arai, Seiichi Suzuki, Nobuo Shimamoto","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299058","url":null,"abstract":"The authors have previously reported that the electrostatic orientation and the dielectrophoresis (DEP) of DNA occur under a approximately=1 MHz, >1*10/sup 6/ V/m field, by which the DNA strands are stretched straight along field lines and positioned onto electrode edges. In the present work they discuss some applications of this stretch-and-positioning method to genetic engineering. It is shown that the DNA size distribution, as well as the activities of nuclease, can be determined by the measurement of the apparent length of stretched DNA. Several methods are developed to immobilize stretched DNA onto a substrate, including immobilization onto a conducting substrate for observations with scanning tunneling microscopy and anchoring onto a substrate only at the two ends of DNA using a special electrode configuration, and/or molecular binding between avidin and biotin. The DNA can be held without contact to the substrate in the latter method, so that it does not cause steric hindrances to the DNA-binding enzymes. A novel fluid integrated circuit (FIC) device is proposed in which stretched DNAs are cut by laser beam for successive sequencing. A method for obtaining unidirectionally oriented DNAs is developed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125666890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A computer model for predicting the performance of distribution network harmonic trap filters is outlined. Data from the model are provided in graphical form for easy interpretation. Two case studies illustrate the use of the predictive data and verify their accuracy. Using the simplified sizing techniques reviewed here and the data presented, filters can be quickly and successfully designed to improve power factor and enable systems to meet IEEE 519-1992 limits.<>
{"title":"Modeling and application of passive-harmonic trap filters for harmonic reduction and power factor improvement","authors":"M. Lowenstein, J. Hibbard","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299240","url":null,"abstract":"A computer model for predicting the performance of distribution network harmonic trap filters is outlined. Data from the model are provided in graphical form for easy interpretation. Two case studies illustrate the use of the predictive data and verify their accuracy. Using the simplified sizing techniques reviewed here and the data presented, filters can be quickly and successfully designed to improve power factor and enable systems to meet IEEE 519-1992 limits.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132239145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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