The authors present an analysis of the monopolar ionized field in conductor-to-plane configurations without resort to Deutsch's assumption. An iterative finite-element technique is used to solve Poisson's equation. Satisfying the current continuity condition and updating the space-charge density are based on the application of Kirchoff's current-balance law at each node of the finite-element grid, taking the ion diffusion into account. The proposed method of solution has been applied to laboratory and full-scale models of a monopolar transmission line. The calculated V-I characteristics and the current-density and electric field profiles at the ground plane agreed well with those measured experimentally in comparison with previous calculations. Fast convergence and simplicity in programming characterize the proposed method.<>
{"title":"Analysis of monopolar ionized field as influenced by ion diffusion","authors":"M. Abdel-Salam, Z. Al-Hamouz","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299095","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present an analysis of the monopolar ionized field in conductor-to-plane configurations without resort to Deutsch's assumption. An iterative finite-element technique is used to solve Poisson's equation. Satisfying the current continuity condition and updating the space-charge density are based on the application of Kirchoff's current-balance law at each node of the finite-element grid, taking the ion diffusion into account. The proposed method of solution has been applied to laboratory and full-scale models of a monopolar transmission line. The calculated V-I characteristics and the current-density and electric field profiles at the ground plane agreed well with those measured experimentally in comparison with previous calculations. Fast convergence and simplicity in programming characterize the proposed method.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129133428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An AC line fed switching power supply with a single power converter stage is described which operates with high input power factor while maintaining good regulation of the desired output DC voltage. The single-power converter is a dual active bridge DC-to-DC power converter (DABC), comprising high-frequency transformer-coupled input and output bridge converters. The DABC receives a rectified AC line voltage via a diode-bridge rectifier connected to a small, high-frequency filter capacitor. The two active bridges, generating edge-resonant square waves at their transformer terminals, appropriately phase-shifted from each other to simultaneously perform the high-efficiency DC output regulation while maintaining unity power factor at the AC input. The soft-switching nature of the converter allows increased performance (in terms of efficiency and stresses) and reduction in size/weight at operating frequencies in the range of 50-250 kHz. Simulations, and experimental results are presented to corroborate the analysis.<>
{"title":"Single phase unity power factor control for dual active bridge converter","authors":"M. Kheraluwala, R. W. D. Doncker","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299007","url":null,"abstract":"An AC line fed switching power supply with a single power converter stage is described which operates with high input power factor while maintaining good regulation of the desired output DC voltage. The single-power converter is a dual active bridge DC-to-DC power converter (DABC), comprising high-frequency transformer-coupled input and output bridge converters. The DABC receives a rectified AC line voltage via a diode-bridge rectifier connected to a small, high-frequency filter capacitor. The two active bridges, generating edge-resonant square waves at their transformer terminals, appropriately phase-shifted from each other to simultaneously perform the high-efficiency DC output regulation while maintaining unity power factor at the AC input. The soft-switching nature of the converter allows increased performance (in terms of efficiency and stresses) and reduction in size/weight at operating frequencies in the range of 50-250 kHz. Simulations, and experimental results are presented to corroborate the analysis.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133513275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A series of motor control experiments is described. The results are based on a nonlinear design technique called integrator backstepping. This model-based approach is applied to the design and implementation of high-performance trajectory tracking controllers for a BDC (brush DC) motor driving a single-link robot. Two controllers are proposed: an embedded computed torque controller which requires full-state feedback and an output feedback controller which only requires position measurement (i.e., observed backstepping). Both controllers require exact knowledge of the electromechanical dynamics in order to guarantee GES tracking performance. Extensions of the proposed backstepping techniques are discussed for more complex electromechanical systems, and for systems with uncertainty. The proposed controllers are simulated and implemented on a state-of-the-art DSP (digital signal processing) based workstation using a user-developed real-time DAC (data acquisition and control) system.<>
{"title":"Integrator backstepping techniques for the tracking control of permanent magnet brush DC motors","authors":"J. Carroll, M. Schneider, D. Dawson","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.298880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.298880","url":null,"abstract":"A series of motor control experiments is described. The results are based on a nonlinear design technique called integrator backstepping. This model-based approach is applied to the design and implementation of high-performance trajectory tracking controllers for a BDC (brush DC) motor driving a single-link robot. Two controllers are proposed: an embedded computed torque controller which requires full-state feedback and an output feedback controller which only requires position measurement (i.e., observed backstepping). Both controllers require exact knowledge of the electromechanical dynamics in order to guarantee GES tracking performance. Extensions of the proposed backstepping techniques are discussed for more complex electromechanical systems, and for systems with uncertainty. The proposed controllers are simulated and implemented on a state-of-the-art DSP (digital signal processing) based workstation using a user-developed real-time DAC (data acquisition and control) system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133672792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hermann Ludeke, J. Maas, N. Frohleke, H. Grotstollen
The application of the describing function method to model resonant power converters leads to nonlinear high-order models which can be linearized under small perturbation assumptions to yield small-signal linear models. These high-order models are processed by an invariant order reduction technique to obtain approximated transfer functions of lower order, expressed analytically without AC simulation. The automatable technique is demonstrated for the series-parallel resonant converter. After discussing various controllers as to parameter variation in the operation area, a robust controller is selected, assuring high dynamics in the whole operation region.<>
{"title":"Controller design for resonant converters by automatable techniques","authors":"Hermann Ludeke, J. Maas, N. Frohleke, H. Grotstollen","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299003","url":null,"abstract":"The application of the describing function method to model resonant power converters leads to nonlinear high-order models which can be linearized under small perturbation assumptions to yield small-signal linear models. These high-order models are processed by an invariant order reduction technique to obtain approximated transfer functions of lower order, expressed analytically without AC simulation. The automatable technique is demonstrated for the series-parallel resonant converter. After discussing various controllers as to parameter variation in the operation area, a robust controller is selected, assuring high dynamics in the whole operation region.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121786759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A single-phase PWM (pulse-width-modulated) current source power converter with a sinusoidal input current is considered. To smooth the DC current in the reduced DC inductance, an LC parallel resonance circuit (tank circuit) is inserted in the DC side of the converter. The proposed converter can supply the constant DC current to a load. Experimental and analysis results show that the tank circuit contributes to the achievement of the smoothing DC current and the decrease of the DC inductance. The steady-state and the transient characteristics of the converter are given.<>
{"title":"Single-phase PWM current source converter with double-frequency parallel resonance circuit for DC smoothing","authors":"S. Nonaka, Y. Neba","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299041","url":null,"abstract":"A single-phase PWM (pulse-width-modulated) current source power converter with a sinusoidal input current is considered. To smooth the DC current in the reduced DC inductance, an LC parallel resonance circuit (tank circuit) is inserted in the DC side of the converter. The proposed converter can supply the constant DC current to a load. Experimental and analysis results show that the tank circuit contributes to the achievement of the smoothing DC current and the decrease of the DC inductance. The steady-state and the transient characteristics of the converter are given.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116224166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A sliding-mode control in electronic AC power supplies is presented. This control technique makes it possible to satisfy the increasing demand for the high-level performance of these systems, which include uninterruptible power supplies, test supplies, and fuel cell, and solar cell supplies. The existence and hitting conditions are discussed, and criteria for the selection of the control parameters which define the sliding surface and determine the quality of response are described. Improvements of the method are introduced to accommodate for the time-varying voltage reference and in the presence of an insulation transformer. A three-level, constant-frequency, variable-band dead-beat modulation technique is associated with the sliding control, producing ultrasonic, low-ripple modulation. Tests performed on an experimental prototype confirm the outstanding performance of the adopted control.<>
{"title":"An AC power supply with sliding-mode control","authors":"L. Malesani, L. Rossetto, A. Spiazzi, A. Zuccato","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299037","url":null,"abstract":"A sliding-mode control in electronic AC power supplies is presented. This control technique makes it possible to satisfy the increasing demand for the high-level performance of these systems, which include uninterruptible power supplies, test supplies, and fuel cell, and solar cell supplies. The existence and hitting conditions are discussed, and criteria for the selection of the control parameters which define the sliding surface and determine the quality of response are described. Improvements of the method are introduced to accommodate for the time-varying voltage reference and in the presence of an insulation transformer. A three-level, constant-frequency, variable-band dead-beat modulation technique is associated with the sliding control, producing ultrasonic, low-ripple modulation. Tests performed on an experimental prototype confirm the outstanding performance of the adopted control.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116951136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A coupled-circuit model is used to analyze the transient and dynamic performance of a linear induction motor (LI). The behavior of a LIM during acceleration and deceleration, under fault conditions, in response to a step frequency change when it is connected to an inverter supply and under slip-frequency control is studied. The LIM parameter changes and the consequent transient behavior brought on by changes in rail top-cap conductivity and dynamic changes of the air gap are also presented. The thrust, speed, and secondary sheet currents are evaluated under various transient conditions. Computer simulation results are compared to test measurements from operational LIMs.<>
{"title":"Transient and dynamic performance of a linear induction motor","authors":"C. Lu, T. Eastham, G. Dawson","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.298934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.298934","url":null,"abstract":"A coupled-circuit model is used to analyze the transient and dynamic performance of a linear induction motor (LI). The behavior of a LIM during acceleration and deceleration, under fault conditions, in response to a step frequency change when it is connected to an inverter supply and under slip-frequency control is studied. The LIM parameter changes and the consequent transient behavior brought on by changes in rail top-cap conductivity and dynamic changes of the air gap are also presented. The thrust, speed, and secondary sheet currents are evaluated under various transient conditions. Computer simulation results are compared to test measurements from operational LIMs.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114653497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors present a novel autotuning method based on fuzzy reasoning for the speed controller (proportional-integral or PI controller) in vector-controlled induction motor drives. The trajectory of the step response of motor speed described in the phase plane is used to examine the gain parameters of the PI controller. To obtain appropriate gain parameters, fuzzy inference is implemented offline at two characteristic points defined on this phase trajectory. Fuzzy control rules are devised on the basis of the principle that the gain parameters have appropriate values if these characteristic points exist at the origin in the phase plane. This method is applied to a model drive system with a 0.75 kW induction motor. Simulation results show that the validity of this autotuning method.<>
{"title":"Auto-tuning method based on fuzzy reasoning for speed controller in vector-controlled induction motor drives","authors":"I. Miki, T. Kumano, T. Yamada","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.298873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.298873","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present a novel autotuning method based on fuzzy reasoning for the speed controller (proportional-integral or PI controller) in vector-controlled induction motor drives. The trajectory of the step response of motor speed described in the phase plane is used to examine the gain parameters of the PI controller. To obtain appropriate gain parameters, fuzzy inference is implemented offline at two characteristic points defined on this phase trajectory. Fuzzy control rules are devised on the basis of the principle that the gain parameters have appropriate values if these characteristic points exist at the origin in the phase plane. This method is applied to a model drive system with a 0.75 kW induction motor. Simulation results show that the validity of this autotuning method.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124216168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A multilevel PWM (pulse-width-modulated) voltage source inverter, especially a five-level one, is introduced to obtain a static VAr compensator (SVC) as a large-scale power source. The three phase SVC is modeled using circuit DQ transformation and completely analyzed including DC and AC characteristics. Through experimental results for a 5 kVA SVC, the validity of the analyses and the feasibility of the VAr compensation system are shown for high-power applications.<>
{"title":"Modeling and analysis of a static VAR compensator using multilevel voltage source inverter","authors":"N. Choi, G. Cho, G. Cho","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299006","url":null,"abstract":"A multilevel PWM (pulse-width-modulated) voltage source inverter, especially a five-level one, is introduced to obtain a static VAr compensator (SVC) as a large-scale power source. The three phase SVC is modeled using circuit DQ transformation and completely analyzed including DC and AC characteristics. Through experimental results for a 5 kVA SVC, the validity of the analyses and the feasibility of the VAr compensation system are shown for high-power applications.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124523256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is shown that, by exploiting the inherent tolerances in the braking system, a fuzzy controller can be used to achieve a more comfortable ride for the electric vehicle operator. Tolerances in energy recovery were exploited to gain a more acceptable performance. The fuzzy controller model reduces the velocity error but does not eliminate it completely. The magnitude of the errors has been reduced and separated to the two conditions where only one of the models is operating and the other either has not initiated deceleration or has turned off before the controller expected. These errors are due to the time variables of temperature, brake pad wear, brake pad temperature, and the mechanical frictions in the system. By using the tolerances available in both the energy recovery system and the operating conditions, smoother operation of the vehicle is possible.<>
{"title":"Electric vehicle braking by fuzzy logic control","authors":"J. Paterson, M. Ramsay","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299173","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown that, by exploiting the inherent tolerances in the braking system, a fuzzy controller can be used to achieve a more comfortable ride for the electric vehicle operator. Tolerances in energy recovery were exploited to gain a more acceptable performance. The fuzzy controller model reduces the velocity error but does not eliminate it completely. The magnitude of the errors has been reduced and separated to the two conditions where only one of the models is operating and the other either has not initiated deceleration or has turned off before the controller expected. These errors are due to the time variables of temperature, brake pad wear, brake pad temperature, and the mechanical frictions in the system. By using the tolerances available in both the energy recovery system and the operating conditions, smoother operation of the vehicle is possible.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":" 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120834483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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