Martin Marietta Corporation was tasked to perform an analysis of developing a new inrush current requirement which will be cost-effective and technically acceptable for facility power system stability and which can be met by adequately designed electrical/electronic equipment. This analysis of an allowable inrush current is based on the characteristics of the facility branch circuit breakers which provide power to subsystems on the critical bus. A recommendation is made and an inrush current requirements curve is developed to replace the existing limits stated in FAA Order 6950.2c and FAA G 2100e. The curve identifies a range of inrush limits to be imposed by comparing the amount of inrush a system is allowed to produce versus the length of time a system should be required to return to within 110% of the normal steady-state condition. Requirements developed from the curve are based on individual system measurements (shorter duration requirements) as well as facility circuit breaker characteristics (longer duration requirements). Systems falling between these limits may not exceed the requirement identified at the curve. As a result, a significant FAA cost avoidance can be realized when special soft-start devices are not needed for all equipment, thus allowing greater use of commercial-off-the-shelf equipment.<>
Martin Marietta公司的任务是对开发新的涌流要求进行分析，该要求将具有成本效益和技术上可接受的设施电力系统稳定性，并且可以通过适当设计的电气/电子设备来满足。这种允许浪涌电流的分析是基于向关键母线上的子系统供电的设施分支断路器的特性。提出了一项建议，并制定了涌流需求曲线，以取代FAA命令6950.2c和FAA G 2100e中规定的现有限制。该曲线通过比较系统允许产生的涌流量与系统应要求恢复到正常稳态条件110%以内的时间长度来确定要施加的涌流限制范围。从曲线中开发的要求基于单个系统测量(较短持续时间要求)以及设施断路器特性(较长持续时间要求)。处于这些限制之间的系统可能不会超过曲线上确定的需求。因此，当所有设备都不需要特殊的软启动设备时，可以实现显著的FAA成本规避，从而允许更多地使用商用现货设备。
{"title":"Inrush current requirements analysis for FAA facility power systems","authors":"Y.C. Hubbel, C. Sweetra","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299231","url":null,"abstract":"Martin Marietta Corporation was tasked to perform an analysis of developing a new inrush current requirement which will be cost-effective and technically acceptable for facility power system stability and which can be met by adequately designed electrical/electronic equipment. This analysis of an allowable inrush current is based on the characteristics of the facility branch circuit breakers which provide power to subsystems on the critical bus. A recommendation is made and an inrush current requirements curve is developed to replace the existing limits stated in FAA Order 6950.2c and FAA G 2100e. The curve identifies a range of inrush limits to be imposed by comparing the amount of inrush a system is allowed to produce versus the length of time a system should be required to return to within 110% of the normal steady-state condition. Requirements developed from the curve are based on individual system measurements (shorter duration requirements) as well as facility circuit breaker characteristics (longer duration requirements). Systems falling between these limits may not exceed the requirement identified at the curve. As a result, a significant FAA cost avoidance can be realized when special soft-start devices are not needed for all equipment, thus allowing greater use of commercial-off-the-shelf equipment.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123407278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A set of automatic tuning schemes for vector-controlled induction motors is described. The tuning approach described here is for a current control minor loop, a speed control loop, and a vector control loop. The tuning concept common to these three control loops involves using the relations between response waveforms, motor parameters, and control parameters. Experiments were performed and some typical results are presented to verify the self-commissioning schemes proposed here.<>
{"title":"Self-commissioning for vector controlled induction motors","authors":"T. Kudor, K. Ishihara, H. Naitoh","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.298974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.298974","url":null,"abstract":"A set of automatic tuning schemes for vector-controlled induction motors is described. The tuning approach described here is for a current control minor loop, a speed control loop, and a vector control loop. The tuning concept common to these three control loops involves using the relations between response waveforms, motor parameters, and control parameters. Experiments were performed and some typical results are presented to verify the self-commissioning schemes proposed here.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117203806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mizuno, A. Nagura, T. Miyamoto, A. Chakrabarti, T. Sato, K. Kimura, T. Kimura, M. Kobayashi
A simple, compact, lightweight, battery-operated weed control device, rated 3 kV, 200 W, has been built which is inherently safe because of low operating voltage and which incorporates added safety features such as grounding and angle sensors. The effectiveness of the device has been verified on weeds like Poa annua L., which has always been a problem on golf courses. The electrical resistance of weeds has been found to drop drastically as a result of electrical discharge through them. Ground potential distribution has been studied as a safety check. All the results obtained indicate that this device is very safe for the operator. The device is about to go into commercial production.<>
{"title":"A portable weed control device using high frequency AC voltage","authors":"A. Mizuno, A. Nagura, T. Miyamoto, A. Chakrabarti, T. Sato, K. Kimura, T. Kimura, M. Kobayashi","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299136","url":null,"abstract":"A simple, compact, lightweight, battery-operated weed control device, rated 3 kV, 200 W, has been built which is inherently safe because of low operating voltage and which incorporates added safety features such as grounding and angle sensors. The effectiveness of the device has been verified on weeds like Poa annua L., which has always been a problem on golf courses. The electrical resistance of weeds has been found to drop drastically as a result of electrical discharge through them. Ground potential distribution has been studied as a safety check. All the results obtained indicate that this device is very safe for the operator. The device is about to go into commercial production.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"153 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125900296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two genetic configurations of forced commutated PWM (pulse-width-modulated) converters, i.e., voltage source inverters and current source inverters, have been proposed as advanced reactive power compensators. A new configuration combining the features of the two generic ones is proposed and analyzed in the present work. It is composed of a PWM current source inverter handling high power with very low switching frequency, and a PWM voltage source harmonic filter handling low power with a much higher switching frequency. The result is that switching losses and harmonic distortions are minimized simultaneously.<>
{"title":"A new converter topology for advanced static VAr compensation in high power applications","authors":"Y. Tang, L. Xu","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299012","url":null,"abstract":"Two genetic configurations of forced commutated PWM (pulse-width-modulated) converters, i.e., voltage source inverters and current source inverters, have been proposed as advanced reactive power compensators. A new configuration combining the features of the two generic ones is proposed and analyzed in the present work. It is composed of a PWM current source inverter handling high power with very low switching frequency, and a PWM voltage source harmonic filter handling low power with a much higher switching frequency. The result is that switching losses and harmonic distortions are minimized simultaneously.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128670317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Lawless, T. Yamamoto, S. Poteat, C. Boss, C. M. Nunez, G. H. Ramsey, R. Engels
Rotating spark gap devices for switching high-voltage direct current into a corona plasma reactor can achieve pulse rise times in the range of tens of nanoseconds. A single-gap circuit is effective for generating moderate peak voltages, but is limited by a multiple sparking phenomenon. A double-gap circuit can achieve equal peak voltages with every spark, but with a reduced number of pulses, compared to the single gap. Both configurations have an upper voltage imposed by the changing impedance of the reactor as voltage and frequency are varied. The pulse characteristics are reported for both types of circuits, along with some spectroscopic analyses. The general performance of the reactors for destruction of some compounds with both circuits is also reported. The single-gap supply is shown to provide a wider range of operating parameters than the double-gap supply but it is much more difficult to characterize the pulses, particularly their frequency, than with the double-gap supply.<>
{"title":"Characteristics of a fast rise time power supply for a pulsed plasma reactor","authors":"P. Lawless, T. Yamamoto, S. Poteat, C. Boss, C. M. Nunez, G. H. Ramsey, R. Engels","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299109","url":null,"abstract":"Rotating spark gap devices for switching high-voltage direct current into a corona plasma reactor can achieve pulse rise times in the range of tens of nanoseconds. A single-gap circuit is effective for generating moderate peak voltages, but is limited by a multiple sparking phenomenon. A double-gap circuit can achieve equal peak voltages with every spark, but with a reduced number of pulses, compared to the single gap. Both configurations have an upper voltage imposed by the changing impedance of the reactor as voltage and frequency are varied. The pulse characteristics are reported for both types of circuits, along with some spectroscopic analyses. The general performance of the reactors for destruction of some compounds with both circuits is also reported. The single-gap supply is shown to provide a wider range of operating parameters than the double-gap supply but it is much more difficult to characterize the pulses, particularly their frequency, than with the double-gap supply.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127062496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Badenhorst, J. Ferreira, J. Wyk, J. J. Schoeman
The authors report on the development of an ultrasonic-frequency modular inverter system for application in track-side signaling houses of railway companies. The inverter is one of the components of an uninterruptible power supply system providing up to four hours standby for interlocking and track-side equipment. The small light-weight inverter incorporates an ultrasonic AC link, thus facilitating the use of a ferrite transformer for input-output isolation purposes and resulting in the practical implementation of the modularity principle, ZVS (zero voltage switching) is achieved by good circuit layout and controlled transformer capacitance. A novel integrated sensor in the transformer is used for flux balancing purposes and the associated airgap contributes to the ZVS process. Enhanced modulation depth is realized for inductive loads by allowing a large-frequency AC ripple on the DC bus.<>
{"title":"An optimal configuration for a 6 kW DC to AC converter with ultrasonic AC link","authors":"M. Badenhorst, J. Ferreira, J. Wyk, J. J. Schoeman","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.298867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.298867","url":null,"abstract":"The authors report on the development of an ultrasonic-frequency modular inverter system for application in track-side signaling houses of railway companies. The inverter is one of the components of an uninterruptible power supply system providing up to four hours standby for interlocking and track-side equipment. The small light-weight inverter incorporates an ultrasonic AC link, thus facilitating the use of a ferrite transformer for input-output isolation purposes and resulting in the practical implementation of the modularity principle, ZVS (zero voltage switching) is achieved by good circuit layout and controlled transformer capacitance. A novel integrated sensor in the transformer is used for flux balancing purposes and the associated airgap contributes to the ZVS process. Enhanced modulation depth is realized for inductive loads by allowing a large-frequency AC ripple on the DC bus.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"385 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130138415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A flux level deadbeat control of direct field oriented high-power induction servo motor drives using an adaptive rotor flux observer is presented. In this system, an adaptive rotor flux observer of a full-order type is used not only to construct the direct field oriented controller but also to identify the stator and rotor resistances of the servo motor. The rotor flux observer is used to reduce the sensitivity of a deadbeat controller to parameter sensitivity. The fundamental characteristics of this system are discussed on the basis of experimental and simulation results. The induction servo motor drive system employing this method is used to improve the efficiency of an induction servo motor without sacrificing dynamic performance.<>
{"title":"Deadbeat flux level control of direct field-oriented high horse power induction servo motor using adaptive rotor flux observer","authors":"K. Matsuse, Y. Takokoro","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.298972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.298972","url":null,"abstract":"A flux level deadbeat control of direct field oriented high-power induction servo motor drives using an adaptive rotor flux observer is presented. In this system, an adaptive rotor flux observer of a full-order type is used not only to construct the direct field oriented controller but also to identify the stator and rotor resistances of the servo motor. The rotor flux observer is used to reduce the sensitivity of a deadbeat controller to parameter sensitivity. The fundamental characteristics of this system are discussed on the basis of experimental and simulation results. The induction servo motor drive system employing this method is used to improve the efficiency of an induction servo motor without sacrificing dynamic performance.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131093040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A family of small diameter (7 mm outer diameter) fluorescent lamps has been developed. This family includes hot cathode lamps which allow superior optical control due to their small size and high brightness as well as cold cathode lamps which have very low power consumption with efficacies greater than incandescent lamps.<>
{"title":"Subminiature fluorescent lamps","authors":"D. Cotter, R. Pai, M.B. Sapcoe","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299187","url":null,"abstract":"A family of small diameter (7 mm outer diameter) fluorescent lamps has been developed. This family includes hot cathode lamps which allow superior optical control due to their small size and high brightness as well as cold cathode lamps which have very low power consumption with efficacies greater than incandescent lamps.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"166 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132324841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors present the analysis of the neutral-point potential variation of the neutral-point-clamped voltage source PWM (pulse-width-modulation) inverter (NPC-VSI) for AC motor drives and static VAr compensators (SVC). The potential variation is analyzed with the focus on the current flowing out of or into the neutral point of the DC link. The theoretical minimum capacity of the DC link capacitors is discussed for its application to both a vector-controlled induction motor system of 2.2 kW and a SVC system of 10 MVA, 6.6 kV, 60 Hz. It is shown that the proposed control scheme makes it possible to suppress the neutral-point potential variation within a few percent, so that the total capacity of the DC link capacitors in the NPC-VSI is almost the same as that in the conventional voltage source inverter.<>
{"title":"Analysis of variation of neutral point potential in neutral-point-clamped voltage source PWM inverters","authors":"Satoshi Ogasawara, Hirofumi Akagi","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299015","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present the analysis of the neutral-point potential variation of the neutral-point-clamped voltage source PWM (pulse-width-modulation) inverter (NPC-VSI) for AC motor drives and static VAr compensators (SVC). The potential variation is analyzed with the focus on the current flowing out of or into the neutral point of the DC link. The theoretical minimum capacity of the DC link capacitors is discussed for its application to both a vector-controlled induction motor system of 2.2 kW and a SVC system of 10 MVA, 6.6 kV, 60 Hz. It is shown that the proposed control scheme makes it possible to suppress the neutral-point potential variation within a few percent, so that the total capacity of the DC link capacitors in the NPC-VSI is almost the same as that in the conventional voltage source inverter.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121286202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Trzynadlowski, F. Blaabjerg, J. Pedersen, R. Kirlin, S. Legowski
A review of the state of the art in RPWM (random pulse width modulation) theory and practice is presented. Topics covered include principles of RPWM, means of randomization, a review of the existing RPWM techniques, power spectra, implementation issues, and documented effects of RPWM on electric drive systems. A number of RWPM strategies have been reported, and a beneficial impact on acoustic noise and vibration has been unamiously agreed upon. Published studies have proven that significant improvement of the acoustic noise characteristics of the motors can be achieved at practically no extra expense in comparison with the systems with traditional, deterministic PWM strategies.<>
{"title":"Random pulse width modulation techniques for converter fed drive systems-a review","authors":"A. Trzynadlowski, F. Blaabjerg, J. Pedersen, R. Kirlin, S. Legowski","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299040","url":null,"abstract":"A review of the state of the art in RPWM (random pulse width modulation) theory and practice is presented. Topics covered include principles of RPWM, means of randomization, a review of the existing RPWM techniques, power spectra, implementation issues, and documented effects of RPWM on electric drive systems. A number of RWPM strategies have been reported, and a beneficial impact on acoustic noise and vibration has been unamiously agreed upon. Published studies have proven that significant improvement of the acoustic noise characteristics of the motors can be achieved at practically no extra expense in comparison with the systems with traditional, deterministic PWM strategies.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122555605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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