Starting from a simple flux model in the air gap, the magnetic equivalent model of the three-phase hybrid stepping motor is deduced. The voltage equation is obtained from the magnetic equivalent model. Since the procedure originates from the geometrical configuration of stator and rotor poles, the parameters of the voltage equation are closely related to the motor pole configuration. Therefore, the motor performance can be estimated from the voltage equation during the design stage of the motor. The control model of the motor can be easily obtained by applying a well-known d-q transformation. The validity of the proposed modeling is demonstrated by comparison between the designed and measured motor parameters and the control characteristics.<>
{"title":"Modeling and control of hybrid stepping motors","authors":"'. KiyonobuMizutani, S. Hayashi, N. Matsui","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.298937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.298937","url":null,"abstract":"Starting from a simple flux model in the air gap, the magnetic equivalent model of the three-phase hybrid stepping motor is deduced. The voltage equation is obtained from the magnetic equivalent model. Since the procedure originates from the geometrical configuration of stator and rotor poles, the parameters of the voltage equation are closely related to the motor pole configuration. Therefore, the motor performance can be estimated from the voltage equation during the design stage of the motor. The control model of the motor can be easily obtained by applying a well-known d-q transformation. The validity of the proposed modeling is demonstrated by comparison between the designed and measured motor parameters and the control characteristics.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131612113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors provide insight into the planning and implementation of several significant cost saving and reliability improvements at a turn-of-the-century steel mill in Ohio. A number of target areas needing attention were identified. These included the cost of electrical energy, the cost to manufacture oxygen inhouse, and the need to accommodate future modernization projects. An option also under consideration included possible elimination of the oxygen facility if lower-cost oxygen could be purchased from an independent vendor. Preliminary evaluations, plans, and reviews took approximately two years before approval was received to proceed with the main oxygen plant project. Its bidding process and implementation took an additional year. The power system modernization project, which included addition of the power monitoring system, short-circuit retrofit of the 13.8 kV switchgear, distribution transformer isolation capability and two new double-ended low voltage substations took an additional six months.<>
{"title":"Updating a steel mill power system to improve reliability and decrease energy costs","authors":"J. Albaugh, M. Kornblit","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299219","url":null,"abstract":"The authors provide insight into the planning and implementation of several significant cost saving and reliability improvements at a turn-of-the-century steel mill in Ohio. A number of target areas needing attention were identified. These included the cost of electrical energy, the cost to manufacture oxygen inhouse, and the need to accommodate future modernization projects. An option also under consideration included possible elimination of the oxygen facility if lower-cost oxygen could be purchased from an independent vendor. Preliminary evaluations, plans, and reviews took approximately two years before approval was received to proceed with the main oxygen plant project. Its bidding process and implementation took an additional year. The power system modernization project, which included addition of the power monitoring system, short-circuit retrofit of the 13.8 kV switchgear, distribution transformer isolation capability and two new double-ended low voltage substations took an additional six months.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"296 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133374378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Insertion of an insulating paper between point-plane electrodes normally increases the total breakdown potential threshold, except when its position is next to the plane. A series of DC (both (+) and (-)) experiments was designed and conducted to examine this latter distinction. It was found that visual ionic spots on the paper surface are a dominant prebreakdown phenomenon. Local failure at one such discrete spot ultimately brings about a streamer sparkover in air at a sufficiently high potential. The variability and other characteristics of the pattern in a 2D spot distribution are described. Related experiments reveal that, with double paper layers in place, the pattern of spots becomes less dense visually and the breakdown potential depletes further, always with some mechanical agitation in accompaniment. Also noted was the existence of a sharp, well-defined dark band which clearly bridges the separate domains of single-layer and double-layer spot distributions. From this band, glow spots are excluded.<>
{"title":"Experiments on paper insulation in a corona environment","authors":"T.S. Lee, K. Fung, Z. Ming","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299065","url":null,"abstract":"Insertion of an insulating paper between point-plane electrodes normally increases the total breakdown potential threshold, except when its position is next to the plane. A series of DC (both (+) and (-)) experiments was designed and conducted to examine this latter distinction. It was found that visual ionic spots on the paper surface are a dominant prebreakdown phenomenon. Local failure at one such discrete spot ultimately brings about a streamer sparkover in air at a sufficiently high potential. The variability and other characteristics of the pattern in a 2D spot distribution are described. Related experiments reveal that, with double paper layers in place, the pattern of spots becomes less dense visually and the breakdown potential depletes further, always with some mechanical agitation in accompaniment. Also noted was the existence of a sharp, well-defined dark band which clearly bridges the separate domains of single-layer and double-layer spot distributions. From this band, glow spots are excluded.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134457193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Telecontrol is a technology providing significant safety improvements in mining by relocating machine operators hundreds of meters away from the immediate health and safety hazards. The US Bureau of Mines recently developed and patented a telecontrol system for underground room-and pillar mining. This system features near-to-time closed-loop control. A demonstration system was constructed that can be used in thin-seam applications down to 914 mm. Details are provided on the developed telecontrol system, with the emphasis placed on the programmable-logic-controller-based electronic control system.<>
{"title":"Telecontrol of a continuous mining machine in thin coal seams","authors":"A. Kwitowski, A. Brautigam, W. Monaghan","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299226","url":null,"abstract":"Telecontrol is a technology providing significant safety improvements in mining by relocating machine operators hundreds of meters away from the immediate health and safety hazards. The US Bureau of Mines recently developed and patented a telecontrol system for underground room-and pillar mining. This system features near-to-time closed-loop control. A demonstration system was constructed that can be used in thin-seam applications down to 914 mm. Details are provided on the developed telecontrol system, with the emphasis placed on the programmable-logic-controller-based electronic control system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131680782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dynamic modeling and control design of a newly proposed magnet power supply system are presented. This system is based on a conventional rectifier power supply with a series switch-mode ripple regulator (SMRR). It has been shown that this system offers excellent steady-state performance. A critical assessment of the dynamic performance of SMRR is presented here. Small signal dynamic models for the system are established. The function of the SMRR as a speed-up feedforward path during dynamic transients is analyzed. The regulator design criteria for the closed-loop system to achieve optimum performance are identified. The precise control of the magnet current can be achieved with several kHz regulation bandwidth and less than 10 ppm harmonic content. A systematic design procedure is outlined, and a design example is provided. Computer simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the theoretical analyses.<>
{"title":"Modelling and control of magnet power supply system with switch-mode ripple regulator","authors":"R. Liang, S. Dewan","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299042","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic modeling and control design of a newly proposed magnet power supply system are presented. This system is based on a conventional rectifier power supply with a series switch-mode ripple regulator (SMRR). It has been shown that this system offers excellent steady-state performance. A critical assessment of the dynamic performance of SMRR is presented here. Small signal dynamic models for the system are established. The function of the SMRR as a speed-up feedforward path during dynamic transients is analyzed. The regulator design criteria for the closed-loop system to achieve optimum performance are identified. The precise control of the magnet current can be achieved with several kHz regulation bandwidth and less than 10 ppm harmonic content. A systematic design procedure is outlined, and a design example is provided. Computer simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the theoretical analyses.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115729994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The background for automation projects is first examined. The generic automation model is described and presented. It is noted that current and future automation projects will depend on seamless information flow, which in turn will depend on open software platforms. A generic plan for managing automation projects is presented.<>
{"title":"Project planning and execution for automation","authors":"J. C. Warren, P.R. Casto","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299218","url":null,"abstract":"The background for automation projects is first examined. The generic automation model is described and presented. It is noted that current and future automation projects will depend on seamless information flow, which in turn will depend on open software platforms. A generic plan for managing automation projects is presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115808113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kanazawa, T. Ohkubo, Y. Nomoto, T. Adachi, J. Chang
Contamination of the discharging electrode in a wire-to-plate air-cleaning electrostatic precipitator is studied experimentally. The correlation between the surface condition of the contaminated electrode and corona discharge is investigated. An optical-microscopic observation of the deposited contaminant on the wire electrode is also carried out. The contaminants employed were cigarette smoke particles and spore of Lycopodium clavatum, an example of pollen. Results show that corona modes are significantly affected by the properties of the contaminant. Significant ozone concentration is also observed under the generation of streamer discharge.<>
{"title":"Contamination of the discharging electrode in an air-cleaning electrostatic precipitator","authors":"S. Kanazawa, T. Ohkubo, Y. Nomoto, T. Adachi, J. Chang","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299107","url":null,"abstract":"Contamination of the discharging electrode in a wire-to-plate air-cleaning electrostatic precipitator is studied experimentally. The correlation between the surface condition of the contaminated electrode and corona discharge is investigated. An optical-microscopic observation of the deposited contaminant on the wire electrode is also carried out. The contaminants employed were cigarette smoke particles and spore of Lycopodium clavatum, an example of pollen. Results show that corona modes are significantly affected by the properties of the contaminant. Significant ozone concentration is also observed under the generation of streamer discharge.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114344864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author explains the spiral vector (SV) method approach to synchronous machine analysis, and presents analytical results of steady and transient state solutions for the machine, placing emphasis on brushless DC motors. It is noted that the SV method has removed the monopoly of the two reaction-theory and Park's equations in analyses of the synchronous machine. The SV theory is straightforward in its analytical logic, involving no variable transformation. Computer simulations with it could be simpler and easier because there are fewer equations and variable transformation is not involved.<>
{"title":"Spiral vector theory of brushless DC motor","authors":"S. Yamamura","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.298921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.298921","url":null,"abstract":"The author explains the spiral vector (SV) method approach to synchronous machine analysis, and presents analytical results of steady and transient state solutions for the machine, placing emphasis on brushless DC motors. It is noted that the SV method has removed the monopoly of the two reaction-theory and Park's equations in analyses of the synchronous machine. The SV theory is straightforward in its analytical logic, involving no variable transformation. Computer simulations with it could be simpler and easier because there are fewer equations and variable transformation is not involved.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114863321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A novel scheme is presented by which thyristors with antiparallel diodes and one resistor will be sufficient to switch in a delta connected capacitor bank with minimum surge current. The resistor supplies only the initial charging current to the capacitors and hence can be of reasonably low wattage. Extensive simulation results are presented in justification of the scheme. The simulation results confirm the excellent current-surge-free switching-on of the capacitors.<>
{"title":"Surgeless switching of 3 phase delta connected capacitor banks in distribution systems","authors":"S. Nandi, V. Nandakumar, R. Hegde, M. Ramamoorty","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.299175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.299175","url":null,"abstract":"A novel scheme is presented by which thyristors with antiparallel diodes and one resistor will be sufficient to switch in a delta connected capacitor bank with minimum surge current. The resistor supplies only the initial charging current to the capacitors and hence can be of reasonably low wattage. Extensive simulation results are presented in justification of the scheme. The simulation results confirm the excellent current-surge-free switching-on of the capacitors.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114940210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors investigate longitudinal and transverse flux linear motor topologies for very high acceleration rate (3-4 g) and high speed (120 km/hr) material transport systems which have significant technical and economic potential in flexible manufacturing environments. The general topology under consideration is a double-sided, short moving-secondary/long-fixed-primary, linear induction motor (LIM). The transport system requirements place severe demands on the machinery topology. In addition to efficient thrust production, the linear machine must be capable of generating large unbalanced normal (i.e., lateral) forces in order to achieve electromagnetic (mechanically passive) steering of vehicles with both straight and curvilinear primaries. Air gap chording and short secondary effects are two additional design complications. Particular emphasis is placed on the orientation of the magnetic flux (i.e., longitudinal vs. transverse). A hybrid system topology consisting of a longitudinal-flux orientation within straight sections and a transverse-flux orientation within curvilinear sections appears to offer the best of both topologies.<>
{"title":"Analysis of competing topologies of linear induction machines for high speed material transport systems","authors":"P. Jansen, L.J. Li, R. Lorenz","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1993.298935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1993.298935","url":null,"abstract":"The authors investigate longitudinal and transverse flux linear motor topologies for very high acceleration rate (3-4 g) and high speed (120 km/hr) material transport systems which have significant technical and economic potential in flexible manufacturing environments. The general topology under consideration is a double-sided, short moving-secondary/long-fixed-primary, linear induction motor (LIM). The transport system requirements place severe demands on the machinery topology. In addition to efficient thrust production, the linear machine must be capable of generating large unbalanced normal (i.e., lateral) forces in order to achieve electromagnetic (mechanically passive) steering of vehicles with both straight and curvilinear primaries. Air gap chording and short secondary effects are two additional design complications. Particular emphasis is placed on the orientation of the magnetic flux (i.e., longitudinal vs. transverse). A hybrid system topology consisting of a longitudinal-flux orientation within straight sections and a transverse-flux orientation within curvilinear sections appears to offer the best of both topologies.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":345027,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1993 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Twenty-Eighth IAS Annual Meeting","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115035468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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