Pub Date : 2025-06-28DOI: 10.1016/j.annale.2025.100184
Concepción Foronda-Robles , Luis Galindo-Pérez-de-Azpillaga , Pablo Armario-Pérez
This research evaluates impacts of overtourism in Granada, Spain, by analysing 1349 negative comments from TripAdvisor for 71 tourist attractions. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study uses sentiment analysis via the BERT model, multivariate analysis (PCA and K-means clustering) and social network analysis. Key findings reveal issues of congestion, high costs and environmental degradation, identifying user satisfaction and spatial significance as critical dimensions. The study highlights a strong positive correlation between AI-driven sentiment and user opinions. Practical implications underscore the need for sustainable management strategies—including destination diversification, improved transport networks and access control—to mitigate highly touristified environments, preserve visitor experience and protect local heritage, thereby promoting sustainable tourism. Online reviews are deemed valuable for proactively addressing tourist concerns.
{"title":"The sustainable management of overtourism via user content","authors":"Concepción Foronda-Robles , Luis Galindo-Pérez-de-Azpillaga , Pablo Armario-Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.annale.2025.100184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annale.2025.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research evaluates impacts of overtourism in Granada, Spain, by analysing 1349 negative comments from TripAdvisor for 71 tourist attractions. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study uses sentiment analysis via the BERT model, multivariate analysis (PCA and K-means clustering) and social network analysis. Key findings reveal issues of congestion, high costs and environmental degradation, identifying user satisfaction and spatial significance as critical dimensions. The study highlights a strong positive correlation between AI-driven sentiment and user opinions. Practical implications underscore the need for sustainable management strategies—including destination diversification, improved transport networks and access control—to mitigate highly touristified environments, preserve visitor experience and protect local heritage, thereby promoting sustainable tourism. Online reviews are deemed valuable for proactively addressing tourist concerns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34520,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100184"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-03DOI: 10.1016/j.annale.2025.100182
William F.S. Miles
{"title":"From “dark” and “darker” to “gray” tourism: Revisiting Auschwitz, hybrid-style","authors":"William F.S. Miles","doi":"10.1016/j.annale.2025.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annale.2025.100182","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34520,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-21DOI: 10.1016/j.annale.2025.100183
Daniel Grafton , Amy Quandt , Vena Chu
A prevailing narrative about last chance tourism, in which tourists visit threatened destinations, has made headlines in recent years as global climate change impacts became increasingly visible with landscapes and species facing the threat of disappearing. Tourist experiences in the Arctic and community views of climate change adaptation are underexamined in the existing literature. We interrogated the narrative of last chance tourism through archival research and qualitative content analysis of interviews from Utqiaġvik, Alaska to uncover tourist motivations and residents' perceptions of tourists themselves. Results found two key findings: (1) last chance tourism played little role in motivating tourists; and (2) residents' perceptions of visitor motivations were notably different from tourists' own professed motivations.
{"title":"Last chance tourism? Revealing true tourist motivations for visiting northernmost Alaska","authors":"Daniel Grafton , Amy Quandt , Vena Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.annale.2025.100183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annale.2025.100183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A prevailing narrative about last chance tourism, in which tourists visit threatened destinations, has made headlines in recent years as global climate change impacts became increasingly visible with landscapes and species facing the threat of disappearing. Tourist experiences in the Arctic and community views of climate change adaptation are underexamined in the existing literature. We interrogated the narrative of last chance tourism through archival research and qualitative content analysis of interviews from Utqiaġvik, Alaska to uncover tourist motivations and residents' perceptions of tourists themselves. Results found two key findings: (1) last chance tourism played little role in motivating tourists; and (2) residents' perceptions of visitor motivations were notably different from tourists' own professed motivations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34520,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.annale.2025.100180
Nadzirah Hosen , Isabel Paulino , Amran Hamzah
This study explores the under-researched domain of self-drive tourism in rural and developing regions, focusing on the Asia-Pacific, particularly Peninsular Malaysia. The primary objective is to enhance understanding of self-drive tourism dynamics in this region by examining aspects such as routes, motivations, and decision-making processes. Using an exploratory qualitative approach, interviews were conducted with key stakeholders from car rental companies and international self-drive tourists. Findings highlight main circular routes, popular stopovers, and key attractions. Additionally, three motivational dimensions emerged: experiential (emotional benefits), functional (spatial and service aspects), and attractions-based (aesthetic, cultural, and nature-related interests). The study also reveals the central role of recommendations from personal networks and digital platforms in tourists' decision-making. Contrary to prior literature, pre-trip planning proves crucial in route setting and stopover choices, challenging the notion of spontaneity often linked to self-drive tourists.
{"title":"Identifying self-drive tourists' main routes, motivations and decision-making in Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"Nadzirah Hosen , Isabel Paulino , Amran Hamzah","doi":"10.1016/j.annale.2025.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annale.2025.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the under-researched domain of self-drive tourism in rural and developing regions, focusing on the Asia-Pacific, particularly Peninsular Malaysia. The primary objective is to enhance understanding of self-drive tourism dynamics in this region by examining aspects such as routes, motivations, and decision-making processes. Using an exploratory qualitative approach, interviews were conducted with key stakeholders from car rental companies and international self-drive tourists. Findings highlight main circular routes, popular stopovers, and key attractions. Additionally, three motivational dimensions emerged: experiential (emotional benefits), functional (spatial and service aspects), and attractions-based (aesthetic, cultural, and nature-related interests). The study also reveals the central role of recommendations from personal networks and digital platforms in tourists' decision-making. Contrary to prior literature, pre-trip planning proves crucial in route setting and stopover choices, challenging the notion of spontaneity often linked to self-drive tourists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34520,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.annale.2025.100181
Adel Nikjoo , Siamak Seyfi , Jarkko Saarinen
Inclusivity has become a critical focus in tourism studies, but still limited attention has been given to how tourism advances women's economic participation in societies with entrenched gender roles. This study addresses this gap by examining shifts in gender dynamics across five villages on Iran's Qeshm Island following the rise of community-based tourism. Employing ethnographic methods, the research draws on in-depth interviews with 57 participants conducted during two separate periods in 2022, alongside observations. Findings demonstrate how tourism pathways can become more gender inclusive and highlight the importance of women's early engagement in tourism for advancing path inclusivity, leading to renegotiation of gender norms. The study underscores the role of community efforts and external support in driving sustainable gender transformation.
{"title":"Promoting gender inclusivity through community-based tourism","authors":"Adel Nikjoo , Siamak Seyfi , Jarkko Saarinen","doi":"10.1016/j.annale.2025.100181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annale.2025.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inclusivity has become a critical focus in tourism studies, but still limited attention has been given to how tourism advances women's economic participation in societies with entrenched gender roles. This study addresses this gap by examining shifts in gender dynamics across five villages on Iran's Qeshm Island following the rise of community-based tourism. Employing ethnographic methods, the research draws on in-depth interviews with 57 participants conducted during two separate periods in 2022, alongside observations. Findings demonstrate how tourism pathways can become more gender inclusive and highlight the importance of women's early engagement in tourism for advancing path inclusivity, leading to renegotiation of gender norms. The study underscores the role of community efforts and external support in driving sustainable gender transformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34520,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-26DOI: 10.1016/j.annale.2025.100179
Dieu Thi Tran , Kiet Tuan Nguyen , Da Van Huynh , Brigitte Stangl
Limited research exists on the types of responses to online reviews that effectively meet the expectations of potential hotel guests, and whether their satisfaction with these responses leads to improved perceived service quality and intent to stay. This study examines the Vietnamese Mekong Delta as an emerging destination, investigating how different response approaches and content impact guest perceptions. It is the first to explore how potential guest satisfaction with hotel responses influences service quality perception and intent to stay. A 3 (response approaches namely full response, selective response and no response) x 2 (response content types namely customized response and rote response) between-subject experiment was conducted with 260 participants via Qualtrics.com. Using ANOVAs and PLS-SEM, results reveal that full, customized responses yield the highest satisfaction and perceived service quality. Satisfaction with responses positively impacts intent to stay directly and indirectly via perceived service quality. Given the increased attention to online review management strategies in the post-pandemic context, this study provides valuable insights and managerial recommendations for hoteliers in emerging destinations.
{"title":"Satisfaction with response: The impact on potential customers' perceived service quality and intent to stay","authors":"Dieu Thi Tran , Kiet Tuan Nguyen , Da Van Huynh , Brigitte Stangl","doi":"10.1016/j.annale.2025.100179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annale.2025.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Limited research exists on the types of responses to online reviews that effectively meet the expectations of potential hotel guests, and whether their satisfaction with these responses leads to improved perceived service quality and intent to stay. This study examines the Vietnamese Mekong Delta as an emerging destination, investigating how different response approaches and content impact guest perceptions. It is the first to explore how potential guest satisfaction with hotel responses influences service quality perception and intent to stay. A 3 (response approaches namely full response, selective response and no response) x 2 (response content types namely customized response and rote response) between-subject experiment was conducted with 260 participants via <span><span>Qualtrics.com</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>. Using ANOVAs and PLS-SEM, results reveal that full, customized responses yield the highest satisfaction and perceived service quality. Satisfaction with responses positively impacts intent to stay directly and indirectly via perceived service quality. Given the increased attention to online review management strategies in the post-pandemic context, this study provides valuable insights and managerial recommendations for hoteliers in emerging destinations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34520,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.annale.2025.100177
M. Rodrigo , I. Ajala , A.K. Irhanida
The resilience of the tourism industry is increasingly reliant on robust health infrastructure and effective disease detection systems, particularly in the face of ongoing global health challenges. This study introduces a modified tourism area life cycle model to explore the interplay between health preparedness and tourism dynamics. By linking growth rates to quantifiable indicators from the WHO International Health Regulations core capacity index, which evaluates adherence to global health standards, the model effectively illustrates tourist population behaviours alongside health capacity. It highlights trends of decline or rejuvenation during the poststagnation phase and provides predictive insights relevant to five representative countries.
{"title":"A tourism area life cycle model with an index-dependent growth rate for modelling the poststagnation stage","authors":"M. Rodrigo , I. Ajala , A.K. Irhanida","doi":"10.1016/j.annale.2025.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annale.2025.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The resilience of the tourism industry is increasingly reliant on robust health infrastructure and effective disease detection systems, particularly in the face of ongoing global health challenges. This study introduces a modified tourism area life cycle model to explore the interplay between health preparedness and tourism dynamics. By linking growth rates to quantifiable indicators from the WHO International Health Regulations core capacity index, which evaluates adherence to global health standards, the model effectively illustrates tourist population behaviours alongside health capacity. It highlights trends of decline or rejuvenation during the poststagnation phase and provides predictive insights relevant to five representative countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34520,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-19DOI: 10.1016/j.annale.2025.100178
Haruka Kato
The tourism intensity index can be used to determine the risk of overtourism. This study aimed to clarify the spatial patterns and geographic characteristics of tourism-accommodation hotspots in Kyoto City. This study calculated the tourism-accommodation intensity index as the ratio of the number of accommodation rooms to that of households. The results revealed that tourism-accommodation intensity hotspots emerged in neighborhoods near the periphery of the southeastern historical center. The hotspots emerged in neighborhoods where the number of rooms has exceeded that of households. Additionally, this study revealed that tourism-accommodation intensity hotspots were spatially associated with proximity to main stations and world heritage sites. This study's findings are useful for developing effective urban zones with total volume control in these neighborhood-units.
{"title":"Spatial patterns and geographic characteristics of tourism-accommodation intensity hotspots in Kyoto city","authors":"Haruka Kato","doi":"10.1016/j.annale.2025.100178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annale.2025.100178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tourism intensity index can be used to determine the risk of overtourism. This study aimed to clarify the spatial patterns and geographic characteristics of tourism-accommodation hotspots in Kyoto City. This study calculated the tourism-accommodation intensity index as the ratio of the number of accommodation rooms to that of households. The results revealed that tourism-accommodation intensity hotspots emerged in neighborhoods near the periphery of the southeastern historical center. The hotspots emerged in neighborhoods where the number of rooms has exceeded that of households. Additionally, this study revealed that tourism-accommodation intensity hotspots were spatially associated with proximity to main stations and world heritage sites. This study's findings are useful for developing effective urban zones with total volume control in these neighborhood-units.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34520,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-08DOI: 10.1016/j.annale.2025.100174
Esi Akyere Mensah , Doreen Nyarko Anyamesem Odame , Isaac Ankrah , Theresa Obuobisa-Darko , Robert Ebo Hinson
User-generated content continues to shape global tourism trends, yet Africa's growing tourism sector has received limited attention. This study addresses this gap by investigating tourist sentiments and satisfaction across ten African destinations from 2018 to 2023. Employing a mixed method approach with advanced machine learning techniques, the results reveal generally positive sentiment, with both well-trodden and less-travelled destinations offering distinct experience and satisfaction. Among others, this study contributes to tourism research by expanding the focus to African destinations to capture evolving tourist sentiments.
{"title":"From reviews to reflections: Understanding tourist sentiments and satisfaction in African destinations through user-generated content","authors":"Esi Akyere Mensah , Doreen Nyarko Anyamesem Odame , Isaac Ankrah , Theresa Obuobisa-Darko , Robert Ebo Hinson","doi":"10.1016/j.annale.2025.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annale.2025.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>User-generated content continues to shape global tourism trends, yet Africa's growing tourism sector has received limited attention. This study addresses this gap by investigating tourist sentiments and satisfaction across ten African destinations from 2018 to 2023. Employing a mixed method approach with advanced machine learning techniques, the results reveal generally positive sentiment, with both well-trodden and less-travelled destinations offering distinct experience and satisfaction. Among others, this study contributes to tourism research by expanding the focus to African destinations to capture evolving tourist sentiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34520,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1016/j.annale.2025.100176
Frank W. Milbourn V, Ethan R. Wertlieb, Robert W. Orttung
Climate change models are becoming increasingly granular, making it possible to predict how specific tourist destinations will be affected according to four different greenhouse gas emission scenarios, ranging from current levels of emissions to enhanced mitigation measures. For a popular destination like France, the changing flows of domestic and international tourists will have a strong impact on local businesses. This research makes a methodological innovation by helping tourism-oriented businesses predict how climate change will affect their specific location in terms of temperature changes and economic impacts. By using European National Meteorological and Hydrological Services data combined with the CMIP6 climate models, we can show with greater granularity than before the different reactions of international and domestic tourists to these new climate trends and the differing impacts on the seasonality of when tourists will visit different destinations across France. The empirical results show that fewer international tourists, who spend more money per capita than domestic tourists, will visit southern France in the summer months, but that their numbers will increase at other times of the year. Changes among domestic tourists are less pronounced. Although overall tourism to France is expected to increase, fewer international visitors will arrive under climate futures defined by fossil-fuel driven scenarios than more sustainable ones. To achieve the best results, businesses in host communities should place climate mitigation measures at the center of practices and policies to navigate the impact of increasing temperatures and tourist reactions.
{"title":"Localized climate change impacts on tourism businesses","authors":"Frank W. Milbourn V, Ethan R. Wertlieb, Robert W. Orttung","doi":"10.1016/j.annale.2025.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.annale.2025.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change models are becoming increasingly granular, making it possible to predict how specific tourist destinations will be affected according to four different greenhouse gas emission scenarios, ranging from current levels of emissions to enhanced mitigation measures. For a popular destination like France, the changing flows of domestic and international tourists will have a strong impact on local businesses. This research makes a methodological innovation by helping tourism-oriented businesses predict how climate change will affect their specific location in terms of temperature changes and economic impacts. By using European National Meteorological and Hydrological Services data combined with the CMIP6 climate models, we can show with greater granularity than before the different reactions of international and domestic tourists to these new climate trends and the differing impacts on the seasonality of when tourists will visit different destinations across France. The empirical results show that fewer international tourists, who spend more money per capita than domestic tourists, will visit southern France in the summer months, but that their numbers will increase at other times of the year. Changes among domestic tourists are less pronounced. Although overall tourism to France is expected to increase, fewer international visitors will arrive under climate futures defined by fossil-fuel driven scenarios than more sustainable ones. To achieve the best results, businesses in host communities should place climate mitigation measures at the center of practices and policies to navigate the impact of increasing temperatures and tourist reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34520,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}