Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544205
Byoung-Kuk Lee, S. Jang, Han-Min Lee, Gildong Kim
In this paper, a regenerative energy conversion system for subway is proposed. In order to simulate the actual voltage and current fluctuation in subway system, a active simulator, which is based on PWM AC-DC converter, is developed and implemented. Also, the energy storage system is designed using bi-directional DC-DC converter and super capacitors. The theoretical explanation is carried out and the validity of the proposed system is verified by simulation and experimental results.
{"title":"Analysis and Design of a Regenerative Energy Conversion System Based on an Active Simulator","authors":"Byoung-Kuk Lee, S. Jang, Han-Min Lee, Gildong Kim","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544205","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a regenerative energy conversion system for subway is proposed. In order to simulate the actual voltage and current fluctuation in subway system, a active simulator, which is based on PWM AC-DC converter, is developed and implemented. Also, the energy storage system is designed using bi-directional DC-DC converter and super capacitors. The theoretical explanation is carried out and the validity of the proposed system is verified by simulation and experimental results.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121752606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544169
Mehdi Ferdowsi
One of the unique advantages of plug-in hybrid vehicles is their capability to integrate the transportation and electric power generation sectors in order to improve the efficiency, fuel economy, and reliability of both systems. This goal is performed via integration of the onboard energy storage units of plug-in vehicles with the power grid by power electronic converters and communication systems. Employing energy storage systems improves the efficiency and reliability of the electric power generation, transmission, and distribution. Similarly, combining an energy storage system with the power train of a conventional vehicle results in a hybrid vehicle with higher fuel efficiency. In both cases, the energy storage system is used to provide load leveling. In this paper, viability of utilizing the same energy storage unit for both transportation and power system applications is discussed. Furthermore, future trends in analysis, design, and evaluation of distributed energy storage system for the power grid using power-electronic-intensive interface are identified.
{"title":"Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles - A Vision for the Future","authors":"Mehdi Ferdowsi","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544169","url":null,"abstract":"One of the unique advantages of plug-in hybrid vehicles is their capability to integrate the transportation and electric power generation sectors in order to improve the efficiency, fuel economy, and reliability of both systems. This goal is performed via integration of the onboard energy storage units of plug-in vehicles with the power grid by power electronic converters and communication systems. Employing energy storage systems improves the efficiency and reliability of the electric power generation, transmission, and distribution. Similarly, combining an energy storage system with the power train of a conventional vehicle results in a hybrid vehicle with higher fuel efficiency. In both cases, the energy storage system is used to provide load leveling. In this paper, viability of utilizing the same energy storage unit for both transportation and power system applications is discussed. Furthermore, future trends in analysis, design, and evaluation of distributed energy storage system for the power grid using power-electronic-intensive interface are identified.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130231977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544184
M. Michon, S. Calverley, R. Clark, D. Howe, J. Chambers, P. Sykes, P. G. Dickinson, M. Mcclelland, G. Johnstone, R. Quinn, G. Morris
In order to meet increasingly arduous CO2 emission targets, various 'more-electric' technologies are emerging. However, their adoption will result in a significant increase in the peak electrical load. An attractive solution to meeting the electrical power requirement is to generate electrical energy from the exhaust gas by means of a turbo-generator system, consisting of a turbine-driven, high-speed switched reluctance generator and an energy storage/power buffer. An energy management strategy is implemented to control the highly transient power flows to the various loads and the energy storage device, which may be either a battery or a super-capacitor bank, or a combination of both. Such a system represents a significant improvement over current vehicle electrical architectures in terms of electrical power availability. This paper describes the development and testing of a prototype exhaust gas energy recovery system, operating at a nominal voltage of 14.6 V.
{"title":"Modelling and Testing of a Turbo-generator System for Exhaust Gas Energy Recovery","authors":"M. Michon, S. Calverley, R. Clark, D. Howe, J. Chambers, P. Sykes, P. G. Dickinson, M. Mcclelland, G. Johnstone, R. Quinn, G. Morris","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544184","url":null,"abstract":"In order to meet increasingly arduous CO2 emission targets, various 'more-electric' technologies are emerging. However, their adoption will result in a significant increase in the peak electrical load. An attractive solution to meeting the electrical power requirement is to generate electrical energy from the exhaust gas by means of a turbo-generator system, consisting of a turbine-driven, high-speed switched reluctance generator and an energy storage/power buffer. An energy management strategy is implemented to control the highly transient power flows to the various loads and the energy storage device, which may be either a battery or a super-capacitor bank, or a combination of both. Such a system represents a significant improvement over current vehicle electrical architectures in terms of electrical power availability. This paper describes the development and testing of a prototype exhaust gas energy recovery system, operating at a nominal voltage of 14.6 V.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130329616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544234
T. Jung, Sung-Ho Lee, Sung-II Kim, Sung‐Jun Park, Jung-Pyo Hong
The HEV (Hybrid Electrical Vehicle) becomes commercialized recently because of high fuel efficiency and low air pollution. The highest output power system except the traction motor is an air conditioner compressor in HEV system. The full or hybrid electric compressor is applied for HEV. The general HEC (Hybrid Electric Compressor) requires the half power motor and drive system of the full electric compressor because the rated output power of motor drive system is designed to charge the minimum cooling capacity at the time of idle stop. Therefore, this hybrid electric is more economical and practical solution. In this paper, we studied about the motor drive system of hybrid electric compressor for HEV. The applied voltage specification is 42 V, an IPMSM (Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) is designed and applied as the compressor drive motor.
混合动力汽车(HEV, Hybrid electric Vehicle)因其燃油效率高、空气污染少等优点，近年来逐渐走向商业化。混合动力系统中除牵引电机外输出功率最大的系统是空调压缩机。混合动力汽车采用全电动或混合动力压缩机。一般的HEC (Hybrid Electric Compressor)需要全电动压缩机的半功率电机和驱动系统，因为电机驱动系统的额定输出功率设计为在怠速停机时充电最小制冷量。因此，这种混合动力电动是比较经济实用的解决方案。本文对混合动力汽车用混合动力压缩机的电机驱动系统进行了研究。应用电压规格为42v，设计了一台内嵌式永磁同步电机作为压缩机的驱动电机。
{"title":"The Development of Hybrid Electric Compressor Motor Drive System for HEV","authors":"T. Jung, Sung-Ho Lee, Sung-II Kim, Sung‐Jun Park, Jung-Pyo Hong","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544234","url":null,"abstract":"The HEV (Hybrid Electrical Vehicle) becomes commercialized recently because of high fuel efficiency and low air pollution. The highest output power system except the traction motor is an air conditioner compressor in HEV system. The full or hybrid electric compressor is applied for HEV. The general HEC (Hybrid Electric Compressor) requires the half power motor and drive system of the full electric compressor because the rated output power of motor drive system is designed to charge the minimum cooling capacity at the time of idle stop. Therefore, this hybrid electric is more economical and practical solution. In this paper, we studied about the motor drive system of hybrid electric compressor for HEV. The applied voltage specification is 42 V, an IPMSM (Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) is designed and applied as the compressor drive motor.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128780911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544098
He Hong-wen, Zhang Cheng-ning, Yu Xiao-jiang
Under the pressure of air pollution and oil shortage of transportations, hydrogen as a renewable and clean energy gets more and more attentions from all over the world. There predicts that the 21s' century will be a hydrogen century. Nowadays, for the cost and not matured technology of fuel cell stack, hybrid system becomes the best solution. For a 5-ton fuel cell hybrid electric bus discussed in this paper, high-pressure PEMFC and high-power NiMH battery pack forms the hybrid system. In order to obtain the higher fuel efficiency and avoid the frequent charge & discharge of battery pack, a control strategy for the fuel cell-oriented control is proposed. The controlling limitation model for the high-pressure fuel cell engine is built. The control logic to realize the fuel cell as the primary power source and maintain the SOC of battery pack is built. Experimental results indicate that the fuel cell power can follow the driver's requirement very well. The hybrid vehicle's hydrogen consumption is up to 2.464 kgldr(100km)-1 (25.2 mpg).
{"title":"Power Distribution Control for a Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Bus","authors":"He Hong-wen, Zhang Cheng-ning, Yu Xiao-jiang","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544098","url":null,"abstract":"Under the pressure of air pollution and oil shortage of transportations, hydrogen as a renewable and clean energy gets more and more attentions from all over the world. There predicts that the 21s' century will be a hydrogen century. Nowadays, for the cost and not matured technology of fuel cell stack, hybrid system becomes the best solution. For a 5-ton fuel cell hybrid electric bus discussed in this paper, high-pressure PEMFC and high-power NiMH battery pack forms the hybrid system. In order to obtain the higher fuel efficiency and avoid the frequent charge & discharge of battery pack, a control strategy for the fuel cell-oriented control is proposed. The controlling limitation model for the high-pressure fuel cell engine is built. The control logic to realize the fuel cell as the primary power source and maintain the SOC of battery pack is built. Experimental results indicate that the fuel cell power can follow the driver's requirement very well. The hybrid vehicle's hydrogen consumption is up to 2.464 kgldr(100km)-1 (25.2 mpg).","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129717702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544193
B. Asaei, S. Farhangi, A. Fayazi
In this paper an intelligent control strategy to extract the full benefits from a passenger mild hybrid vehicle is developed and described with simulation results. The mild hybrid vehicle is equipped with an integrated starter alternator (ISA), which is placed directly on the crankshaft in the general location of the present flywheel. Continuously variable transmission (CVT) is used to control the internal combustion engine (ICE) operating point. By intelligent fuzzy logic control (FLC) and CVT control, optimal torque requests to ICE and ISA are made as well as forcing the ICE to operate in desired speed.
{"title":"Intelligent Energy Management in a Vehicle with Integrated Starter Alternator","authors":"B. Asaei, S. Farhangi, A. Fayazi","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544193","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper an intelligent control strategy to extract the full benefits from a passenger mild hybrid vehicle is developed and described with simulation results. The mild hybrid vehicle is equipped with an integrated starter alternator (ISA), which is placed directly on the crankshaft in the general location of the present flywheel. Continuously variable transmission (CVT) is used to control the internal combustion engine (ICE) operating point. By intelligent fuzzy logic control (FLC) and CVT control, optimal torque requests to ICE and ISA are made as well as forcing the ICE to operate in desired speed.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129851893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544131
Shumei Cui, Wenxiang Huang, C. Yuan, Kewang Ning, C. C. Chan
The Electrical Variable Transmission (EVT) is a brand new type of electromechanical converter with double-rotor structure, which can replace the gearbox, clutch, starter and generator in a vehicle. This paper deals with the design principles of EVT. Based on the proposed design principles, an induction EVT prototype was designed, built and tested; this EVT is aimed for light-duty car application. In order to achieve higher power density, the outer rotor's yoke is decreased. Both simulation and experiment have been carried out to analyze the Magnetic Flux Coupling (MFC) for this EVT.
{"title":"Design and Experimental Research on Induction Machine based Electrical Variable Transmission","authors":"Shumei Cui, Wenxiang Huang, C. Yuan, Kewang Ning, C. C. Chan","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544131","url":null,"abstract":"The Electrical Variable Transmission (EVT) is a brand new type of electromechanical converter with double-rotor structure, which can replace the gearbox, clutch, starter and generator in a vehicle. This paper deals with the design principles of EVT. Based on the proposed design principles, an induction EVT prototype was designed, built and tested; this EVT is aimed for light-duty car application. In order to achieve higher power density, the outer rotor's yoke is decreased. Both simulation and experiment have been carried out to analyze the Magnetic Flux Coupling (MFC) for this EVT.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117191498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544212
Liang Chu, Yanli Hou, Minghui Liu, Jun Li, Yimin Gao, M. Ehsani
A PC-based-air-ABS-HIL-simulation test bench with low cost and high efficiency is presented in this paper which can be used to developed air-ABS for commercial vehicle. It has been developed in Matlab/Simulink environment with the real-time rapid prototyping tool: xPC target. The architecture, hardware, and software of this test bench are described in details. Utilizing the test bench, the real-time HIL-simulation tests for air-ABS have been completed. The results illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the developed test bench.
{"title":"Development of Air-ABS-HIL-Simulation Test Bench","authors":"Liang Chu, Yanli Hou, Minghui Liu, Jun Li, Yimin Gao, M. Ehsani","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544212","url":null,"abstract":"A PC-based-air-ABS-HIL-simulation test bench with low cost and high efficiency is presented in this paper which can be used to developed air-ABS for commercial vehicle. It has been developed in Matlab/Simulink environment with the real-time rapid prototyping tool: xPC target. The architecture, hardware, and software of this test bench are described in details. Utilizing the test bench, the real-time HIL-simulation tests for air-ABS have been completed. The results illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the developed test bench.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121431564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544190
J. Kessels, P. V. D. van den Bosch
A hybrid electric vehicle requires an energy management system to supply the vehicle power demand in a fuel efficient way. This paper presents a novel approach to utilize telematics information from a navigation system in existing energy management strategies. An electronic horizon is introduced which prescribes a preferred reference trajectory for the energy in the battery. By means of a simulation environment, the benefits in fuel economy are evaluated. It turns out that, in everyday driving situations, the potential fuel savings from the electronic horizon are limited, due to the excellent performance of existing energy management strategies. Dedicated driving cycles exist which offer more fuel profits for the e-horizon. Then, the size of the energy storage buffer limits the potential benefits of the e-horizon.
{"title":"Electronic Horizon: Energy Management using Telematics Information","authors":"J. Kessels, P. V. D. van den Bosch","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544190","url":null,"abstract":"A hybrid electric vehicle requires an energy management system to supply the vehicle power demand in a fuel efficient way. This paper presents a novel approach to utilize telematics information from a navigation system in existing energy management strategies. An electronic horizon is introduced which prescribes a preferred reference trajectory for the energy in the battery. By means of a simulation environment, the benefits in fuel economy are evaluated. It turns out that, in everyday driving situations, the potential fuel savings from the electronic horizon are limited, due to the excellent performance of existing energy management strategies. Dedicated driving cycles exist which offer more fuel profits for the e-horizon. Then, the size of the energy storage buffer limits the potential benefits of the e-horizon.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121378622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544191
Wei Jiang, B. Fahimi
Series-connected battery pack is one of the most economic and significant element within a fuel cell vehicle energy storage system. It provides fast dynamic response for electric drive train and handles regenerative power efficiently. Battery charge equalization has to be considered in the battery management system design because of its important influence on the battery life, uniform state of charge of battery packs can also enhance the battery-string performance. In urban drive cycles, battery string need to be frequently discharged and charged, which brings up another challenge for battery charger in fast charging. This paper presents a novel multi-level bi-directional DC/DC converter with phase-shifted charging control algorithm, which is capable of providing balanced fast charging of battery string in fuel cell vehicle applications. The basic operation mode of the converter/charger is presented, charge equalization and fast charging algorithm is discussed and simulated.
{"title":"Phase-Shift Controlled Multilevel Bidirectional DC/DC Converter: A Novel Solution to Battery Charge Equalization in Fuel Cell Vehicle","authors":"Wei Jiang, B. Fahimi","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544191","url":null,"abstract":"Series-connected battery pack is one of the most economic and significant element within a fuel cell vehicle energy storage system. It provides fast dynamic response for electric drive train and handles regenerative power efficiently. Battery charge equalization has to be considered in the battery management system design because of its important influence on the battery life, uniform state of charge of battery packs can also enhance the battery-string performance. In urban drive cycles, battery string need to be frequently discharged and charged, which brings up another challenge for battery charger in fast charging. This paper presents a novel multi-level bi-directional DC/DC converter with phase-shifted charging control algorithm, which is capable of providing balanced fast charging of battery string in fuel cell vehicle applications. The basic operation mode of the converter/charger is presented, charge equalization and fast charging algorithm is discussed and simulated.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122509399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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