Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544219
A. Davoudi, A. Khaligh, M. Amrhein, P. Chapman, J. Jatskevich
Physics-based modeling of laminated magnetic devices accurately represents underlying dynamic characteristics. However, these models are hard to formulate, oversimplified with crude approximations, and computationally intensive. In this paper, a high-fidelity magnetic equivalent circuit of steel lamination is set forth based on geometrical and material data. The nonlinearity imposed by saturation is also considered. Automated linear and nonlinear order-reduction techniques are introduced to mathematically extract the essential system dynamics in the desired bandwidth, thus preserving both accuracy and computational efficiency. The resulting reduced-order system is validated with hardware measurements and full-order simulation in both time and frequency domains.
{"title":"Low-Order Dynamic Magnetic Equivalent Circuits of Saturated Steel Laminations","authors":"A. Davoudi, A. Khaligh, M. Amrhein, P. Chapman, J. Jatskevich","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544219","url":null,"abstract":"Physics-based modeling of laminated magnetic devices accurately represents underlying dynamic characteristics. However, these models are hard to formulate, oversimplified with crude approximations, and computationally intensive. In this paper, a high-fidelity magnetic equivalent circuit of steel lamination is set forth based on geometrical and material data. The nonlinearity imposed by saturation is also considered. Automated linear and nonlinear order-reduction techniques are introduced to mathematically extract the essential system dynamics in the desired bandwidth, thus preserving both accuracy and computational efficiency. The resulting reduced-order system is validated with hardware measurements and full-order simulation in both time and frequency domains.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123925534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544105
T. Boileau, B. Nahid-Mobarakeh, F. Meibody-Tabar
In this paper, a new technique for stator winding inter-turn fault detection in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines is proposed. It consists of extracting the mechanical power second harmonic component which appears when the machine is faulty. This harmonic is processed in order to obtain a fault indicator. It will be shown that the amplitude of this indicator depends on the inter-turn fault severity. The proposed technique allows detecting the fault in real time and its implementation is easy. The experimental results show the validity of the proposed method.
{"title":"Back-EMF Based Detection of Stator Winding Inter-turn Fault for PM Synchronous Motor Drives","authors":"T. Boileau, B. Nahid-Mobarakeh, F. Meibody-Tabar","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544105","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new technique for stator winding inter-turn fault detection in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines is proposed. It consists of extracting the mechanical power second harmonic component which appears when the machine is faulty. This harmonic is processed in order to obtain a fault indicator. It will be shown that the amplitude of this indicator depends on the inter-turn fault severity. The proposed technique allows detecting the fault in real time and its implementation is easy. The experimental results show the validity of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123049898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544119
B. Deken, S. Pekarek, B. Fahimi
Knowledge of forces within permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) is of interest in numerous applications. To compute the forces, many analysts utilize the finite element (FE) method to compute the vector fields followed by the Maxwell stress tensor (MST) approach to calculate forces from the fields. Although the FE/MST approach has been used for decades, it does have a shortcoming in the computational requirement of the FE method, which limits the approach to a tool for analysis rather than for comprehensive machine design. To address this, a new so-called Enhanced Field Reconstruction Technique (EFRT) has been developed. Using the EFRT, the fields inside a machine are computed using a minimum number of FE evaluations. Using the results, a set of basis functions are established that enable the calculation of forces inside the machine under arbitrary excitation and rotor position. The EFRT greatly reduces the computational effort required to compute the vector forces inside machines with an accuracy similar to the FE method.
{"title":"An Enhanced Field Reconstruction Method for Design of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines","authors":"B. Deken, S. Pekarek, B. Fahimi","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544119","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of forces within permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) is of interest in numerous applications. To compute the forces, many analysts utilize the finite element (FE) method to compute the vector fields followed by the Maxwell stress tensor (MST) approach to calculate forces from the fields. Although the FE/MST approach has been used for decades, it does have a shortcoming in the computational requirement of the FE method, which limits the approach to a tool for analysis rather than for comprehensive machine design. To address this, a new so-called Enhanced Field Reconstruction Technique (EFRT) has been developed. Using the EFRT, the fields inside a machine are computed using a minimum number of FE evaluations. Using the results, a set of basis functions are established that enable the calculation of forces inside the machine under arbitrary excitation and rotor position. The EFRT greatly reduces the computational effort required to compute the vector forces inside machines with an accuracy similar to the FE method.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116702790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544099
F. Misoc, M. Morcos, J. Lookadoo, J. Wu, R. Colgren
The paper presents an analysis of Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell (DEFC-mesh, and DEFC-foam) systems interfaced to DC-DC converters. The output voltage characteristics of six systems are compared. Experimental results show that DEFC systems present variable, nonlinear impedances as a function of frequency. It is shown, through experimental results, that DEFC systems do not exhibit predictable output as function of duty cycle alone. Consequently, output voltage control through pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques cannot be employed for DEFC systems.. The motivation for this analysis is a preliminary investigation into the use of DEFC's as a power source for a prototype Martian Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle (UAV).
{"title":"Effect of DC-DC Converters on Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells Output","authors":"F. Misoc, M. Morcos, J. Lookadoo, J. Wu, R. Colgren","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544099","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an analysis of Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell (DEFC-mesh, and DEFC-foam) systems interfaced to DC-DC converters. The output voltage characteristics of six systems are compared. Experimental results show that DEFC systems present variable, nonlinear impedances as a function of frequency. It is shown, through experimental results, that DEFC systems do not exhibit predictable output as function of duty cycle alone. Consequently, output voltage control through pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques cannot be employed for DEFC systems.. The motivation for this analysis is a preliminary investigation into the use of DEFC's as a power source for a prototype Martian Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle (UAV).","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127333313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544090
J. Wang, D. Howe
This paper describes a novel stabilising control strategy for DC power systems with constant power loads. The destabilising element associated with a constant power load is eliminated by reformulating the system dynamic equations in terms of the rate of change of energy, or instantaneous power. A power shaping control strategy is employed to regulate the output voltage, while maintaining large-signal system stability under all operating conditions. The proposed control strategy is simple, and easy to design and implement. Its utility and effectiveness are demonstrated by simulations and experiments.
{"title":"A Novel Power Shaping Stabilising Control Strategy for DC Power Systems with Constant Power Loads","authors":"J. Wang, D. Howe","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544090","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a novel stabilising control strategy for DC power systems with constant power loads. The destabilising element associated with a constant power load is eliminated by reformulating the system dynamic equations in terms of the rate of change of energy, or instantaneous power. A power shaping control strategy is employed to regulate the output voltage, while maintaining large-signal system stability under all operating conditions. The proposed control strategy is simple, and easy to design and implement. Its utility and effectiveness are demonstrated by simulations and experiments.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132379749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544140
L. Boulon, M. Péra, D. Hissel, A. Bouscayrol, P. Delarue
This paper presents a model of a fuel cell- supercapacitor system which represents the electric power supply device of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). The fuel cell and the supercapacitors are coupled with a DC bus and a common cooling system. The first part of this paper deals with the modeling of the elements of the system (fuel cell system (FCS), supercapacitors, power electronics, and temperature regulation system). The second part deals with the design of a control structure which regulates the DC bus voltage, the fuel cell power, and the power source temperature. Simulation and experimental results are provided and analyzed.
{"title":"Energetic Macroscopic Representation of a Fuel Cell-Supercapacitor System","authors":"L. Boulon, M. Péra, D. Hissel, A. Bouscayrol, P. Delarue","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544140","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a model of a fuel cell- supercapacitor system which represents the electric power supply device of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). The fuel cell and the supercapacitors are coupled with a DC bus and a common cooling system. The first part of this paper deals with the modeling of the elements of the system (fuel cell system (FCS), supercapacitors, power electronics, and temperature regulation system). The second part deals with the design of a control structure which regulates the DC bus voltage, the fuel cell power, and the power source temperature. Simulation and experimental results are provided and analyzed.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129972095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544117
M. Abolhassani
This paper presents a novel five-phase fault tolerant interior permanent magnet motor drive with higher performance and reliability for use in fuel cell powered vehicles. A new machine design along with efficient control strategy is developed for fault tolerant operation of electric drive without severely comprising the drive performance. Fault tolerance is achieved by employing a five phase fractional-slot concentrated windings configuration IPM motor drive, with each phase electrically, magnetically, thermally and physically independent of all others. The proposed electric drive system poses with higher torque density, negligible cogging torque, and about plusmn0.5% torque ripple. Power converter requirement are discussed and control strategies to minimize the impact of a machine or converter fault are developed. Beside, all the requirement of a fault tolerant operation, including high phase inductance and negligible mutual coupling between phases are met. Analytical and finite element analysis and comparison case studies are presented.
{"title":"A Novel Multiphase Fault Tolerant Permanent Magnet Motor Drive for Fuel cell Powered Vehicles","authors":"M. Abolhassani","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544117","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel five-phase fault tolerant interior permanent magnet motor drive with higher performance and reliability for use in fuel cell powered vehicles. A new machine design along with efficient control strategy is developed for fault tolerant operation of electric drive without severely comprising the drive performance. Fault tolerance is achieved by employing a five phase fractional-slot concentrated windings configuration IPM motor drive, with each phase electrically, magnetically, thermally and physically independent of all others. The proposed electric drive system poses with higher torque density, negligible cogging torque, and about plusmn0.5% torque ripple. Power converter requirement are discussed and control strategies to minimize the impact of a machine or converter fault are developed. Beside, all the requirement of a fault tolerant operation, including high phase inductance and negligible mutual coupling between phases are met. Analytical and finite element analysis and comparison case studies are presented.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"1989 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128050542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544204
Jun-Ho Lee, K. Shin
This paper presents a control system design for personal rapid transit (PRT) system and a configuration of apparatus to assess its control scheme. The control system can be divided into two parts: one is for the vehicle management that is related with the supervision of the vehicle operation and the other is for the vehicle operational control that is placed in the lower position of the control hierarchy. In this paper we focus on the vehicle operational control scheme that is one of the important features of PRT to guarantee PRT system performance. The operational control scheme that can be implemented by using the commercial process boards is proposed and a simple vehicle control algorithm for test is uploaded to it. The calculation results of the process boards are compared with the simulation results that are produced from a combined platform of Matlab/Simulink and Labview Simulation Interface Toolkit.
{"title":"Control of Personal Rapid Transit System and Configuration of an Apparatus to Evaluate its Control Scheme","authors":"Jun-Ho Lee, K. Shin","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544204","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a control system design for personal rapid transit (PRT) system and a configuration of apparatus to assess its control scheme. The control system can be divided into two parts: one is for the vehicle management that is related with the supervision of the vehicle operation and the other is for the vehicle operational control that is placed in the lower position of the control hierarchy. In this paper we focus on the vehicle operational control scheme that is one of the important features of PRT to guarantee PRT system performance. The operational control scheme that can be implemented by using the commercial process boards is proposed and a simple vehicle control algorithm for test is uploaded to it. The calculation results of the process boards are compared with the simulation results that are produced from a combined platform of Matlab/Simulink and Labview Simulation Interface Toolkit.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116778886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544134
S.C. Tang, D. Otten, T. Keim, D. Perreault
This paper presents techniques for the design of high-power Lundell alternators with integrated switched-mode rectifiers. A multi-section stator winding and interleaved rectifier arrangement is introduced that enables high power levels to be achieved using small semiconductor devices, and which greatly reduces the output filter capacitor requirements. We also demonstrate control methods suited to this interleaved system. In addition to accurate closed-loop output voltage control, we introduce methods to provide (partial) synchronous rectification for reduced loss, and to provide tight load dump transient control. The proposed technology is validated in the design and experimental evaluation of a 42 V, 3.4 kW alternator with fully integrated power electronics and controls. The prototype alternator achieves approximately a factor of 2.1 increase in power and 1.6 increase in power density as compared to a conventional diode-rectified alternator.
{"title":"Design and Evaluation of a 42 V Automotive Alternator with Integrated Switched-Mode Rectifier","authors":"S.C. Tang, D. Otten, T. Keim, D. Perreault","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544134","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents techniques for the design of high-power Lundell alternators with integrated switched-mode rectifiers. A multi-section stator winding and interleaved rectifier arrangement is introduced that enables high power levels to be achieved using small semiconductor devices, and which greatly reduces the output filter capacitor requirements. We also demonstrate control methods suited to this interleaved system. In addition to accurate closed-loop output voltage control, we introduce methods to provide (partial) synchronous rectification for reduced loss, and to provide tight load dump transient control. The proposed technology is validated in the design and experimental evaluation of a 42 V, 3.4 kW alternator with fully integrated power electronics and controls. The prototype alternator achieves approximately a factor of 2.1 increase in power and 1.6 increase in power density as compared to a conventional diode-rectified alternator.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"2021 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115880728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544146
J.A. Hicks, R. Gruich, A. Oldja, D. Myers, T. Hartley, R. Veillette, I. Husain
Ultracapacitors have many potential performance advantages over existing battery technologies for use in hybrid-vehicle applications, provided many integration and reliability disadvantages can be overcome. A novel ultracapacitor-only energy storage system has been developed for the University of Akron hybrid-electric vehicle, which uses a large sensor network and control strategy to mitigate these disadvantages. Limited in- vehicle testing has shown improvement over the previous battery system.
{"title":"Ultracapacitor Energy Management and Controller Developments for a Series-Parallel 2-by-2 Hybrid Electric Vehicle","authors":"J.A. Hicks, R. Gruich, A. Oldja, D. Myers, T. Hartley, R. Veillette, I. Husain","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544146","url":null,"abstract":"Ultracapacitors have many potential performance advantages over existing battery technologies for use in hybrid-vehicle applications, provided many integration and reliability disadvantages can be overcome. A novel ultracapacitor-only energy storage system has been developed for the University of Akron hybrid-electric vehicle, which uses a large sensor network and control strategy to mitigate these disadvantages. Limited in- vehicle testing has shown improvement over the previous battery system.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114056021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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