Energetic Materials Frontiers最新文献

英文中文

Dual control over the reignition and combustion performance of hydroxylammonium nitrate-based gel propellants 对硝酸羟铵基凝胶推进剂的复燃和燃烧性能进行双重控制

IF 3.3 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Energetic Materials Frontiers

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmf.2024.03.005

Hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN; NH₃OH ⁺ NO₃⁻), a green and non-toxic monopropellant, finds wide application in liquid and controllable solid propulsion. Gel propulsion enjoys advantages such as a high throttling capacity and encouraging operational safety. This study prepared three HAN-based gel propellant samples with gelling agent contents ranging from 2 to 4 wt%. Their decomposition processes were analyzed using thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mass spectrometry (MS), and a microthruster was designed to investigate their combustion characteristics under varying voltages and flow rates. Results reveal the presence of three exothermic peaks in the HAN-based gel propellants at temperatures of 204, 306 °C and 441 °C. The gel propellants experienced violent decomposition between 100 °C and 400 °C, producing low-molecular-weight organics such as C₃H₈, C₂H₆, H₂O, O₂, and NH₃. For the initial ignition, the flow rate exerts a greater effect of reducing the delay time than the voltage. The reignition exhibited a shorter delay time than the initial ignition, and increasing voltage led to a more significant decrease in the reignition delay time than increasing the flow rate. Under a gelling agent content of approximately 4 wt%, the reignition delay time decreased from 2.35 s to 0.65 s as the voltage increased from 150 V to 250 V, with the flame length and light intensity during the reignition greater than those in the initial ignition. At the end of combustion, the extinguishment delay time changed insignificantly under high voltage. As revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses, residues with numerous cavities emerged due to incomplete combustion and the severe agglomeration of the gel propellants, exhibiting a maximum chlorine content of up to 77.73%.

硝酸羟铵（HAN；NH3OH + NO3-）是一种绿色无毒的单质推进剂，在液体和可控固体推进剂中应用广泛。凝胶推进剂具有节流能力强、操作安全等优点。本研究制备了三种基于 HAN 的凝胶推进剂样品，其胶凝剂含量为 2 至 4 wt%。使用热重仪（TG）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和质谱仪（MS）分析了它们的分解过程，并设计了一个微型推进器来研究它们在不同电压和流速下的燃烧特性。结果显示，HAN 基凝胶推进剂在 204、306 和 441 °C 温度下出现了三个放热峰。凝胶推进剂在 100 °C 至 400 °C 之间发生剧烈分解，产生 C3H8、C2H6、H2O、O2 和 NH3 等低分子量有机物。对于初始点火，流量比电压更能缩短延迟时间。复燃的延迟时间比初始点火的延迟时间短，增加电压比增加流速更能显著缩短复燃延迟时间。在胶凝剂含量约为 4 wt% 的条件下，当电压从 150 V 升至 250 V 时，复燃延迟时间从 2.35 s 缩短至 0.65 s，复燃时的火焰长度和光强均大于初始点火时的火焰长度和光强。燃烧结束时，熄灭延迟时间在高电压下变化不大。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散光谱（EDS）分析表明，由于燃烧不完全和凝胶推进剂严重结块，残留物中出现了许多空穴，氯含量最高达 77.73%。

{"title":"Dual control over the reignition and combustion performance of hydroxylammonium nitrate-based gel propellants","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN; NH3OH + NO3−), a green and non-toxic monopropellant, finds wide application in liquid and controllable solid propulsion. Gel propulsion enjoys advantages such as a high throttling capacity and encouraging operational safety. This study prepared three HAN-based gel propellant samples with gelling agent contents ranging from 2 to 4 wt%. Their decomposition processes were analyzed using thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mass spectrometry (MS), and a microthruster was designed to investigate their combustion characteristics under varying voltages and flow rates. Results reveal the presence of three exothermic peaks in the HAN-based gel propellants at temperatures of 204, 306 °C and 441 °C. The gel propellants experienced violent decomposition between 100 °C and 400 °C, producing low-molecular-weight organics such as C3H8, C2H6, H2O, O2, and NH3. For the initial ignition, the flow rate exerts a greater effect of reducing the delay time than the voltage. The reignition exhibited a shorter delay time than the initial ignition, and increasing voltage led to a more significant decrease in the reignition delay time than increasing the flow rate. Under a gelling agent content of approximately 4 wt%, the reignition delay time decreased from 2.35 s to 0.65 s as the voltage increased from 150 V to 250 V, with the flame length and light intensity during the reignition greater than those in the initial ignition. At the end of combustion, the extinguishment delay time changed insignificantly under high voltage. As revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses, residues with numerous cavities emerged due to incomplete combustion and the severe agglomeration of the gel propellants, exhibiting a maximum chlorine content of up to 77.73%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 239-247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140398993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Application of inkjet printing using micro-nano CL-20-based PVA colloidal suspension with desensitization to MEMS-based pyrotechnics 微纳CL-20基PVA胶体悬浮液对MEMS烟火减敏喷墨打印的应用

IF 3.3 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Energetic Materials Frontiers

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmf.2023.06.004

The micro-scale detonation sequence prepared by the inkjet printing using all-liquid 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazawurtzitan (CL-20)-based energetic inks enables the micro-space fine-scale assembly and stable propagation of detonation. However, the easy crystallization and high mechanical sensitivity of all-liquid CL-20 limit its applications to the microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based pyrotechnics. This study developed a simple micro-nano CL-20-based polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) colloidal suspension suitable for inkjet printing to control the crystal structures and mechanical sensitivities of energetic composites. The results show that the CL-20-based multilayer films formed by inkjet printing had dense microstructures, with the porosity decreasing to 13.81% and ε-type crystals. Compared with micro-nano CL-20 particles, the impact and friction sensitivities of CL-20-based multilayer films were reduced by 100% and 122%, respectively, and their apparent activation energy increased by 44.7 kJ mol⁻¹, thus effectively improving the safety performance of micro-nano structured explosive agents. Therefore, CL-20-based multilayer films have great potential for application to the micro-scale detonation sequence of MEMS.

使用全液体 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazawurtzitan （CL-20）基高能油墨进行喷墨打印制备的微尺度引爆序列可实现微空间精细组装和引爆的稳定传播。然而，全液体 CL-20 的易结晶性和高机械敏感性限制了其在基于微机电系统 (MEMS) 的烟火中的应用。本研究开发了一种适合喷墨打印的基于 CL-20 的聚乙烯醇（PVA）胶体悬浮液，用于控制高能复合材料的晶体结构和机械灵敏度。结果表明，通过喷墨打印形成的基于 CL-20 的多层膜具有致密的微观结构，孔隙率降至 13.81%，并具有ε型晶体。与微纳 CL-20 颗粒相比，CL-20 基多层膜的冲击敏感性和摩擦敏感性分别降低了 100%和 122%，表观活化能提高了 44.7 kJ mol-1，从而有效提高了微纳结构爆炸药的安全性能。因此，CL-20 基多层膜在微米尺度的微机电系统起爆序列中具有很大的应用潜力。

{"title":"Application of inkjet printing using micro-nano CL-20-based PVA colloidal suspension with desensitization to MEMS-based pyrotechnics","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2023.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2023.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The micro-scale detonation sequence prepared by the inkjet printing using all-liquid 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazawurtzitan (CL-20)-based energetic inks enables the micro-space fine-scale assembly and stable propagation of detonation. However, the easy crystallization and high mechanical sensitivity of all-liquid CL-20 limit its applications to the microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based pyrotechnics. This study developed a simple micro-nano CL-20-based polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) colloidal suspension suitable for inkjet printing to control the crystal structures and mechanical sensitivities of energetic composites. The results show that the CL-20-based multilayer films formed by inkjet printing had dense microstructures, with the porosity decreasing to 13.81% and ε-type crystals. Compared with micro-nano CL-20 particles, the impact and friction sensitivities of CL-20-based multilayer films were reduced by 100% and 122%, respectively, and their apparent activation energy increased by 44.7 kJ mol−1, thus effectively improving the safety performance of micro-nano structured explosive agents. Therefore, CL-20-based multilayer films have great potential for application to the micro-scale detonation sequence of MEMS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 199-207"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43058995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tensors of thermal deformation for various polymorphic modifications of 2,4-dinitroanisole 2,4-二硝基苯甲醚各种多晶型修饰的热变形张量

IF 3.3 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Energetic Materials Frontiers

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmf.2024.02.002

The anisotropic characteristics of thermal deformation of ultrapure 2,4-dinitroanisole (2,4-DNAN) crystals were determined by the methods of powder thermorentgenography of the internal standard. The points of structural changes are registered in increments of 10 K, and in the melting region of 2 and 1 K. Calculations of powder X-ray diffraction data are performed by methods of full-profile analysis with a cycle of quantum modeling of the structure of molecules integrated into the algorithm. The Pauli, Le Bail (WPPD), Rietveld (WPPF) and WPPM methods were used as reference methods for full-profile analysis. The main crystallographic axes and characteristic surfaces of the thermal deformation tensor α and β-2,4-DNAN are determined. At atmospheric pressure, the main coefficients of linear (α) and volumetric (β) thermal deformation (expansion) were at 293 K for α-2,4-DNAN with α₁(293) = 11,516 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹, α₂(293) = −0,120 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹, α₃(293) = 5,098 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹, β(293) = 16,333 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹; at 293 K for β-2,4-DNAN with α₁(293) = 13,217 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹, α₂(293) = 0,494 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹, α₃(293) = −8,6504 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹, β(293) = 6,8191 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹; at 260 K for β′-2,4-DNAN with α₁(260) = 25,214 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹, α₂(260) = −5,823 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹, α₃(260) = 7,741 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹, β(260) = 27,112 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹.

超纯 2,4-dinitroanisole (2,4DNAN) 晶体热变形的各向异性特征是通过内标粉末热成像仪方法测定的。结构变化点以 10 K 为增量，在 2 K 和 1 K 的熔化区域进行记录。粉末 X 射线衍射数据的计算是通过全剖面分析方法进行的，算法中集成了分子结构的量子建模循环。保利法、勒贝尔法（WPPD）、里特维尔德法（WPPF）和 WPPM 法被用作全剖面分析的参考方法。确定了热变形张量 α 和 β-2,4-DNAN 的主要晶体学轴线和特征面。在大气压力下，α-2,4-DNAN 的主要线性（α）和体积（β）热变形（膨胀）系数在 293 K 时为 α1(293) = 11,516 × 10-5 K-1，α2(293) = -0,120 × 10-5 K-1，α3(293) = 5,098 × 10-5 K-1，β(293) = 16,333 × 10-5 K-1；293 K 时，β-2,4-DNAN 的 α1(293) = 13,217 × 10-5 K-1，α2(293) = 0,494 × 10-5 K-1，α3(293) = -8,6504 × 10-5 K-1，β(293) = 6,8191 × 10-5 K-1；α1(260) = 25,214 × 10-5 K-1，α2(260) = -5,823 × 10-5 K-1，α3(260) = 7,741 × 10-5 K-1，β(260) = 27,112 × 10-5 K-1。

{"title":"Tensors of thermal deformation for various polymorphic modifications of 2,4-dinitroanisole","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The anisotropic characteristics of thermal deformation of ultrapure 2,4-dinitroanisole (2,4-DNAN) crystals were determined by the methods of powder thermorentgenography of the internal standard. The points of structural changes are registered in increments of 10 K, and in the melting region of 2 and 1 K. Calculations of powder X-ray diffraction data are performed by methods of full-profile analysis with a cycle of quantum modeling of the structure of molecules integrated into the algorithm. The Pauli, Le Bail (WPPD), Rietveld (WPPF) and WPPM methods were used as reference methods for full-profile analysis. The main crystallographic axes and characteristic surfaces of the thermal deformation tensor α and β-2,4-DNAN are determined. At atmospheric pressure, the main coefficients of linear (α) and volumetric (β) thermal deformation (expansion) were at 293 K for α-2,4-DNAN with α1(293) = 11,516 × 10−5 K−1, α2(293) = −0,120 × 10−5 K−1, α3(293) = 5,098 × 10−5 K−1, β(293) = 16,333 × 10−5 K−1; at 293 K for β-2,4-DNAN with α1(293) = 13,217 × 10−5 K−1, α2(293) = 0,494 × 10−5 K−1, α3(293) = −8,6504 × 10−5 K−1, β(293) = 6,8191 × 10−5 K−1; at 260 K for β′-2,4-DNAN with α1(260) = 25,214 × 10−5 K−1, α2(260) = −5,823 × 10−5 K−1, α3(260) = 7,741 × 10−5 K−1, β(260) = 27,112 × 10−5 K−1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 257-266"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139770721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Features of the mechanism of pasty propellants burning 糊状推进剂燃烧机理的特点

IF 3.3 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Energetic Materials Frontiers

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmf.2023.10.002

The composition of a pasty propellant for small-sized space engines has been proposed. For this propellant, a research of the burning process was carried out. This research included the determination of the burning rate law, the characteristics of the agglomeration process, and the properties of the surface layer. The presence of an intermediate structure, a skeleton layer, during the burning of such propellants, and the nature of the influence of pressure, additives, and the size of oxidizer particles on this structure, have been established. The determining influence of this structure on the burning process is shown. Composition solutions that provide control over the burning rate law of such propellants are determined. These solutions make it possible to change the absolute value of the burning rate, as well as its dependence on pressure. Regularities of the agglomeration process have been established. These regularities are associated with the features of the formation of the skeleton layer, which depend on the structure of the propellant, pressure, and the presence of additives.

提出了一种用于小型空间发动机的糊状推进剂的成分。对这种推进剂的燃烧过程进行了研究。这项研究包括确定燃烧速率规律、聚结过程的特征以及表层的特性。研究确定了此类推进剂燃烧过程中存在的中间结构--骨架层，以及压力、添加剂和氧化剂颗粒大小对这种结构的影响性质。这种结构对燃烧过程的决定性影响已经显示出来。确定了可控制此类推进剂燃烧速率规律的成分溶液。这些方案可以改变燃烧速率的绝对值及其与压力的关系。确定了聚结过程的规律性。这些规律与骨架层的形成特点有关，而骨架层的形成取决于推进剂的结构、压力和添加剂的存在。

引用次数: 0

Construction and combustion behavior of horizontal two-dimension combustion networks of boron-metal oxides 硼金属氧化物水平二维燃烧网络的构建和燃烧行为

IF 3.3 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Energetic Materials Frontiers

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmf.2024.08.005

Hao-yu Song, Chen-yang Li, Fu-bing Gao, Chong-wei An, Shi-jiao Li, Xuan Zhan

In order to break through the top-down combustion mode brought by the traditional pillars, it is explored to explore the exploration of delay composition array construction in two-dimensional dimensions. In this study, B-CuO, B-Bi₂O₃, B-Fe₂O₃ sticks and combustion networks with good forming properties were prepared with the help of a micro-pen direct ink writing device by dispersing the above materials in DMF with boron and metal oxides as the main body of the charge and F₂₆₀₂ as the binder. The sticks were thermally ignited using a nichrome wire, and the flame propagation behaviors of the sticks with different formulations, spacings and heights were tracked with a high-speed camera, and a series of combustion networks were designed on the premise of not leaping into flames. Results show that the B-CuO stick has the fastest ignition speed level (19.71–29.02 mm ·s⁻¹) at equivalence ratios of 1.0–4.0, followed by B-Bi₂O₃ (5.99–16.01 mm ·s⁻¹) and B-Fe₂O₃ is the slowest (1.91–4.94 mm ·s⁻¹). The sticks burned best at an equivalence ratio of 1.0–1.5. A variety of combustion networks were constructed on 50 × 50 mm glass slides by selecting B-CuO, B-Bi₂O₃, and B-Fe₂O₃ at the equivalence ratios of 1.0, 1.5, and 1.5, respectively, among which B-CuO had the shortest combustion time (5.17 s), the shortest total combustion network length (252 mm), and 400 mm network could be realized for B-Bi₂O₃. Construction and 19.85 s, and B-Fe₂O₃ can realize 608 mm network length and 130.7 s combustion time. Through these studies, the two-dimensional combustion network construction of boron-metal oxides was realized, which provides a new idea for the delay action in small size.

为了突破传统柱状材料带来的自上而下的燃烧模式，探索在二维维度上进行延迟成分阵列构建的探索。本研究借助微型笔式直接墨水书写装置，将上述材料分散在DMF中，以硼和金属氧化物为电荷主体，以F为粘结剂，制备了具有良好成型性能的B-CuO、B-BiO、B-FeO棒和燃烧网络。用镍铬丝对小棒进行热点燃，并用高速摄像机跟踪不同配方、间距和高度的小棒的火焰传播行为，在不蹿火的前提下设计了一系列燃烧网络。结果表明，在当量比为 1.0-4.0 时，B-CuO 棒的点火速度水平最快（19.71-29.02 mm -s），其次是 B-BiO（5.99-16.01 mm -s），B-FeO 最慢（1.91-4.94 mm -s）。在当量比为 1.0-1.5 时，木棒的燃烧效果最好。选择 B-CuO、B-BiO 和 B-FeO，在等效比分别为 1.0、1.5 和 1.5 时，在 50 × 50 毫米的玻璃片上构建了多种燃烧网络，其中 B-CuO 的燃烧时间最短（5.17 秒），燃烧网络总长度最短（252 毫米），B-BiO 可实现 400 毫米的网络。而 B-FeO 可以实现 608 毫米的网络长度和 130.7 秒的燃烧时间。通过这些研究，实现了硼金属氧化物的二维燃烧网络构建，为小尺寸延迟作用提供了新思路。

{"title":"Construction and combustion behavior of horizontal two-dimension combustion networks of boron-metal oxides","authors":"Hao-yu Song, Chen-yang Li, Fu-bing Gao, Chong-wei An, Shi-jiao Li, Xuan Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to break through the top-down combustion mode brought by the traditional pillars, it is explored to explore the exploration of delay composition array construction in two-dimensional dimensions. In this study, B-CuO, B-Bi2O3, B-Fe2O3 sticks and combustion networks with good forming properties were prepared with the help of a micro-pen direct ink writing device by dispersing the above materials in DMF with boron and metal oxides as the main body of the charge and F2602 as the binder. The sticks were thermally ignited using a nichrome wire, and the flame propagation behaviors of the sticks with different formulations, spacings and heights were tracked with a high-speed camera, and a series of combustion networks were designed on the premise of not leaping into flames. Results show that the B-CuO stick has the fastest ignition speed level (19.71–29.02 mm ·s−1) at equivalence ratios of 1.0–4.0, followed by B-Bi2O3 (5.99–16.01 mm ·s−1) and B-Fe2O3 is the slowest (1.91–4.94 mm ·s−1). The sticks burned best at an equivalence ratio of 1.0–1.5. A variety of combustion networks were constructed on 50 × 50 mm glass slides by selecting B-CuO, B-Bi2O3, and B-Fe2O3 at the equivalence ratios of 1.0, 1.5, and 1.5, respectively, among which B-CuO had the shortest combustion time (5.17 s), the shortest total combustion network length (252 mm), and 400 mm network could be realized for B-Bi2O3. Construction and 19.85 s, and B-Fe2O3 can realize 608 mm network length and 130.7 s combustion time. Through these studies, the two-dimensional combustion network construction of boron-metal oxides was realized, which provides a new idea for the delay action in small size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 216-223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cover Story 封面故事

IF 3.3 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Energetic Materials Frontiers

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2666-6472(24)00073-3

引用次数: 0

Graphical Abstract 图表摘要

IF 3.3 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Energetic Materials Frontiers

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2666-6472(24)00074-5

引用次数: 0

Design and performance of a micro-scale detonation train with a built-in pyrotechnic MEMS-based safety and arming device 一种内置烟火mems安全防护装置的微尺度爆轰列车的设计与性能

IF 3.3 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Energetic Materials Frontiers

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmf.2023.07.001

To improve the equipment miniaturization and reliability of weapons and ammunition systems, this study designs a micro-scale detonation train (MDT) with a built-in pyrotechnic microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based safety and arming (S&A) device, which consists of an energetic semiconductor bridge (ESCB) detonator, and a S&A device with built-in isolation mechanisms, and a micro-detonation train. Furthermore, this study investigates the effects of the slider thickness, the spring beams’ thickness, and the positioning beam type on the security of the S&A device using the Finite Element Dynamics software and verifies the function of the MDT through experiments of capacitive charge and discharge ignition. As indicated by the results, an encouraging arming function can be achieved under a slider thickness of 1.0 mm and a positioning beam type of PB, while the spring beam thickness is less relevant. Additionally, the results show that the arming function of the MDT can be completed in 0.6 ms.

为了提高武器弹药系统的设备微型化和可靠性，本研究设计了一种内置基于烟火微机电系统（MEMS）的安全和布防（S&A）装置的微尺度引爆列车（MDT），该装置由高能半导体桥（ESCB）雷管、内置隔离机构的 S&A 装置和微引爆列车组成。此外，本研究还利用有限元动力学软件研究了滑块厚度、弹簧梁厚度和定位梁类型对 S&A 装置安全性的影响，并通过电容充放电点火实验验证了 MDT 的功能。结果表明，在滑块厚度为 1.0 mm 和定位梁类型为 PB 的情况下，可以实现令人鼓舞的布防功能，而弹簧梁厚度的影响较小。此外，结果表明 MDT 的布防功能可在 0.6 毫秒内完成。

引用次数: 0

Construction of electrochemical flow reactor: Static mixing and micro-cell for dehydrogenation oxidation from TNT to 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-hexanitrostilbene 建造电化学流动反应器：用于从 TNT 到 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-己硝基苯的脱氢氧化的静态混合和微电池

Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Energetic Materials Frontiers

Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmf.2024.08.001

Yu-qiu Wang, Yu-hui Dong, Ya-qi Qin, Ming Lu, Peng-cheng Wang

From the electrochemical synthesis in beakers to the application of electrochemical reactors, flow electrosynthesis has become more and more prominent in the field of organic synthesis. But for multi-feed reactions, the problem of efficient mixing in the electrochemical reactor remains unresolved. A novel electrolytic cell was devised to facilitate thorough mixing of various feedstocks during electrochemical oxidation. With structural optimization guided by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the choice of reaction channels was deliberated upon, alongside an elucidation of the mixing mechanism. The reactor's performance was assessed based on both mixing efficiency and electrochemical oxidation capability with the synthesis of 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-hexanitrostilbene (HNS) serving as a model. The high efficiency of the electrochemical reactor was verified by the enhanced yield, purity, and faradaic efficiency of HNS. It is environmentally friendly and easy to realize industrial production.

从烧杯中的电化学合成到电化学反应器的应用，流动电合成在有机合成领域的地位日益突出。但对于多进料反应，电化学反应器中的高效混合问题仍未得到解决。为了在电化学氧化过程中促进各种原料的充分混合，我们设计了一种新型电解池。在计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟的指导下进行了结构优化，对反应通道的选择进行了讨论，同时阐明了混合机制。以合成 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-己硝基苯二乙烯（HNS）为模型，根据混合效率和电化学氧化能力对反应器的性能进行了评估。通过提高 HNS 的产率、纯度和远红外效率，验证了该电化学反应器的高效性。该反应器对环境友好，易于实现工业化生产。

引用次数: 0

Preparing HNS/n-Al heat-resistant microspheres with enhanced combustion performance using droplet microfluidic technology 利用液滴微流体技术制备具有更佳燃烧性能的 HNS/n-Al 耐热微球

IF 3.3 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Energetic Materials Frontiers

Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmf.2023.10.003

Bi-dong Wu , Yi Liu , Jia-hui Yang , Yun-yan Guo , Kai Han , Fan Wang , Zhong-ze Zhang , Chong-wei An , Jing-yu Wang

Reducing the formation of large carbon clusters during the combustion of energetic materials (EMs) and improving their comprehensive performance hold great significance. With fluororubber (F₂₆₀₄) as a binder, this study prepared HNS/n-Al microspheres with different n-Al contents (5%, 10%, and 15%) using droplet microfluidic technology. Then, it characterized and tested the morphology, particle size distribution, dispersibility, crystal structure, thermal properties, mechanical sensitivity, and combustion behavior of the microspheres. The results show that the prepared microspheres had regular shapes, uniform particle sizes, and excellent dispersibility and contained more homogeneous components than physically mixed samples. Furthermore, the microspheres retained the crystal structures of the raw materials, enjoying high safety performance. The thermal analysis shows that HNS/n-Al microspheres had high heat resistance (thermal decomposition temperature: over 354 °C) and that a higher n-Al content was associated with more thorough thermal decomposition reactions of HNS (HNS: 83%, HNS/n-Al: 84%, 86%, and 93%). The ignition experiments show that the HNS/n-Al microspheres possessed excellent and stable combustion performance, as evidenced by more complete combustion reactions and significantly elevated energy release efficiency. Therefore, it is expected to achieve high-energy and high-speed responses of carbon-rich EMs and promote their practical applications.

减少高能材料（EMs）燃烧过程中形成的大碳团，提高其综合性能具有重要意义。本研究以氟橡胶（F2604）为粘合剂，利用液滴微流控技术制备了不同 n-Al 含量（5%、10% 和 15%）的 HNS/n-Al 微球。然后，对微球的形态、粒度分布、分散性、晶体结构、热性能、机械敏感性和燃烧行为进行了表征和测试。结果表明，制备的微球具有规则的形状、均匀的粒度和出色的分散性，与物理混合样品相比，所含成分更加均匀。此外，微球保留了原材料的晶体结构，具有较高的安全性能。热分析表明，HNS/n-Al 微球具有很高的耐热性（热分解温度：超过 354 °C），并且较高的 n-Al 含量会使 HNS 的热分解反应更彻底（HNS：83%，HNS/n-Al：84%、86% 和 93%）。点火实验表明，HNS/n-Al 微球具有优异而稳定的燃烧性能，表现在燃烧反应更完全，能量释放效率显著提高。因此，它有望实现富碳电磁的高能高速响应，并促进其实际应用。

{"title":"Preparing HNS/n-Al heat-resistant microspheres with enhanced combustion performance using droplet microfluidic technology","authors":"Bi-dong Wu , Yi Liu , Jia-hui Yang , Yun-yan Guo , Kai Han , Fan Wang , Zhong-ze Zhang , Chong-wei An , Jing-yu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Reducing the formation of large carbon clusters during the combustion of energetic materials (EMs) and improving their comprehensive performance hold great significance. With fluororubber (F2604) as a binder, this study prepared HNS/n-Al microspheres with different n-Al contents (5%, 10%, and 15%) using droplet microfluidic technology. Then, it characterized and tested the morphology, particle size distribution, dispersibility, crystal structure, thermal properties, mechanical sensitivity, and combustion behavior of the microspheres. The results show that the prepared microspheres had regular shapes, uniform particle sizes, and excellent dispersibility and contained more homogeneous components than physically mixed samples. Furthermore, the microspheres retained the crystal structures of the raw materials, enjoying high safety performance. The thermal analysis shows that HNS/n-Al microspheres had high heat resistance (thermal decomposition temperature: over 354 °C) and that a higher n-Al content was associated with more thorough thermal decomposition reactions of HNS (HNS: 83%, HNS/n-Al: 84%, 86%, and 93%). The ignition experiments show that the HNS/n-Al microspheres possessed excellent and stable combustion performance, as evidenced by more complete combustion reactions and significantly elevated energy release efficiency. Therefore, it is expected to achieve high-energy and high-speed responses of carbon-rich EMs and promote their practical applications.</div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 81-89"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666647223000635/pdfft?md5=84dc814eb253cdccfca6ed5ca3f5e53c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666647223000635-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135850123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

首页上一页

下一页尾页

类型

全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

数据库

全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

Energetic Materials Frontiers

全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.

﹀