Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis最新文献_第8页

A novel insight on coke quality: A new approach and index for evaluating coke thermal properties under simulated blast furnace condition 焦炭质量的新认识：模拟高炉条件下焦炭热性能评价的新方法和新指标

IF 6.2 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107548

Zhexi Li , Mingxin Wu , Yongqiang Jiang , Tingle Li , Sunny Song , Junchen Huang , Songtao Yang , Qi Wang , Changyu Sun

Coke thermal properties is a key factor in assessing its quality, directly affecting blast furnace (BF) performance. Currently, NSC(Nippon Steel Corporation) and its derivative method(variable temperature and gas conditions) are most commonly used. However, coke with significantly different CRI and CSR can still perform well in BF operations without negatively impacting efficiency. This raises questions about the accuracy of NSC-based methods. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a more accurate evaluation method. In this study, field coke samples are tested under simulated BF conditions (BFC). The reliability of BFC method was validated by comparing results with BF dissection data, and the limitation of NSC-based method are clarified. Based on these findings, two new evaluation indices CAI and CPI are proposed to better assess coke thermal properties. Regression analysis between the new indices and theoretical coke ratio (K_BFC) demonstrated their scientific validity and practical feasibility. Key findings include: BFC method accurately reflects coke solution-loss and degradation behavior under real BF conditions, showing strong consistency with BF dissection results. The temperature and gas conditions used in NSC-based methods are limited, leading to overestimation of low CRI/high CSR coke and underestimation of high CRI/low CSR coke in thermal properties. The new indices provide significantly different evaluations compared to CRI and CSR. The correlation coefficients between CAI/CPI and K_BFC are 0.89 and 0.82, respectively, outperforming the 0.03 and 0.18 obtained by CRI/CSR. BFC method provides a more comprehensive simulation of coke behavior in blast furnace operations, and its derived indexes, CAI and CPI, offer a more accurate assessment of coke thermal properties.

焦炭热性能是评价焦炭质量的关键因素，直接影响高炉的使用性能。目前，NSC（新日铁公司）及其衍生方法（变温度和变气体条件）是最常用的。然而，CRI和CSR差异显著的焦炭在高炉运行中仍能表现良好，而不会对效率产生负面影响。这就对基于nsc的方法的准确性提出了质疑。因此，迫切需要一种更准确的评价方法。在本研究中，现场焦炭样品在模拟高炉条件下进行了测试。通过与高炉解剖数据的对比，验证了BFC方法的可靠性，并指出了基于nsc方法的局限性。在此基础上，提出了两个新的评价指标CAI和CPI，以更好地评价焦炭的热性能。通过对新指标与理论焦炭比（KBFC）的回归分析，验证了新指标的科学有效性和实践可行性。主要发现包括：BFC方法准确反映了真实高炉条件下焦炭的溶失和降解行为，与高炉解剖结果具有较强的一致性。在基于nsc的方法中使用的温度和气体条件是有限的，导致高估了低CRI/高CSR焦炭的热性能，低估了高CRI/低CSR焦炭的热性能。与CRI和CSR相比，新指标提供了显著不同的评价。CAI/CPI与KBFC的相关系数分别为0.89和0.82，优于CRI/CSR的相关系数0.03和0.18。BFC方法可以更全面地模拟焦炭在高炉运行中的行为，其衍生指标CAI和CPI可以更准确地评估焦炭的热性能。

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引用次数: 0

Catalytic pyrolysis of macauba oils over eggshell-derived and commercial CaO for sustainable biohydrocarbon production to biogasoline, SAF, and green diesel formulation 在蛋壳衍生和商用CaO上催化裂解澳门巴油，用于可持续生物烃生产生物汽油，SAF和绿色柴油配方

IF 6.2 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107546

Larissa Noemí Silva Freitas, Nilva Pereira Lopes, Fabiana Pereira de Sousa, Vânya M.D. Pasa

The demand for drop-in biofuels that are compatible with existing production, transportation, and storage systems in the oil industry has been growing recently. Challenges, such as adjusting fuel properties and ensuring economic viability for industrial production, still limit their large-scale commercial use. This study evaluated the efficiency of a waste-origin catalyst (CaO from eggshells), which is abundant and inexpensive, for producing drop-in biofuels, particularly Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), from macauba oils. Macauba is a palm species with great adaptability and ample oil productivity, yet it remains relatively unexplored for commercial purposes. Its crude and hydrolyzed oils were analyzed as raw materials for catalytic deoxygenation over CaO. A preliminary study of reaction kinetics using waste-derived CaO from chicken eggshells was also conducted, and the results were compared with those of commercial CaO. The nature of heterogeneous catalysis was confirmed. Levels of up to 95 % wt in hydrocarbon liquids were achieved in an N2 atmosphere at a low cost, under only 10 bar pressure, via a catalytic pyrolysis mechanism. Cyclic hydrocarbons may be obtained with up to 13 % selectivity in a single-step synthesis. Blends with up to 5 % of biofuels in jet fuel, even without prior refining, exhibited crystallization temperatures similar to those of fossil jet fuel, which is quite attractive for the biofuels market. The results indicated a high potential for applying the proposed catalyst and raw materials.

最近，对可与石油工业现有生产、运输和储存系统兼容的生物燃料的需求一直在增长。诸如调整燃料特性和确保工业生产的经济可行性等挑战仍然限制了它们的大规模商业应用。本研究评估了一种来自废物的催化剂（来自蛋壳的CaO）的效率，这种催化剂储量丰富且价格低廉，可用于从澳门巴油中生产生物燃料，特别是可持续航空燃料（SAF）。澳门棕榈是一种适应性强、产油量大的棕榈品种，但其商业用途尚未得到充分开发。以其原油和水解油为原料，进行了CaO催化脱氧研究。初步研究了利用鸡蛋壳废液提取氧化钙的反应动力学，并与工业氧化钙进行了比较。证实了多相催化的性质。在氮气气氛中，通过催化热解机制，仅在10 bar的压力下，以低成本获得了高达95 % wt的碳氢化合物液体。在一步合成中，可以高达13 %的选择性得到环烃。喷气燃料中含有高达5% %生物燃料的混合物，即使没有事先精炼，也表现出与化石喷气燃料相似的结晶温度，这对生物燃料市场非常有吸引力。结果表明，该催化剂和原料具有很高的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Reaction progress and microstructural evolution of 48 K large-tow PAN-based carbon fibers during the industrial continuous pre-oxidation and carbonization stage 48 K大束pan基碳纤维在工业连续预氧化碳化阶段的反应过程及微观结构演变

IF 6.2 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107543

Min Li , Hamza Malik , Jian He , Zhenyu Jiang , Xin Lei , Tianhao Liang , Hui Zhang , Yong Liu , Jianyong Yu

Large-tow carbon fibers (CFs）have outstanding cost advantages in scale production, but the high aggregation density of the fibers in the pre-oxidation process is prone to induce uneven heat transfer and limited oxygen diffusion, which affect its chemical and physical properties. In this paper, we investigate the microstructure and reaction progress of large-tow polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers from pre-oxidation (220–265 °C) to carbonization (300–1600 °C) based on continuous production line. It is shown that oxygen diffusion and heat transfer are more significant in the early stage of the pre-oxidation of large-tow PAN fibers, the oxygen diffusion is inhibited, the reaction lags in the middle stage, and accelerates in the late stage driven by heat accumulation. This ultimately led to the formation of a highly cyclized but less cross-linking structure in the inner layer fibers, while the outer layer fibers developed a structure with a higher degree of oxidative cross-linking. The crosslinked skeleton constructed at the late stage of pre-oxidation evolved into 3D ordered graphite microcrystals at the carbonization stage, which was accompanied by a drastic decrease in fiber diameter, but thermal accumulation also triggered microporous dilatation and orientation disorder. This study elucidates the heat transfer and oxygen diffusion reaction processes during the pre-oxidation of large-tow PAN fibers and their correlation with the structural evolution in the carbonization stage, providing valuable insights for the development of high-quality and low-cost large-tow PAN-based CFs on an industrial scale.

大束碳纤维（CFs）在规模化生产中具有突出的成本优势，但预氧化过程中纤维的高聚集密度容易导致传热不均匀和氧气扩散受限，影响其化学和物理性能。本文研究了大束聚丙烯腈（PAN）纤维在连续生产线上从预氧化（220 ~ 265℃）到碳化（300 ~ 1600℃）的微观结构和反应过程。结果表明：大束聚丙烯腈纤维预氧化前期氧扩散和换热更为显著，中期氧扩散受到抑制，反应滞后，后期在热积累的驱动下反应加速。这最终导致内层纤维形成了高度环化但交联较少的结构，而外层纤维形成了氧化交联程度较高的结构。预氧化后期构建的交联骨架在炭化阶段演化为三维有序石墨微晶，纤维直径急剧减小，但热积累也引发微孔扩张和取向紊乱。本研究阐明了大束聚丙烯腈纤维预氧化过程中的传热和氧扩散反应过程及其与炭化阶段结构演变的相关性，为高质量、低成本的大束聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的工业化开发提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Proton acid density in zeolite USY: A key factor for selective ring-opening in 9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene hydrocracking 沸石中质子酸密度：9,10 -二氢菲加氢裂化中选择性开环的关键因素

IF 6.2 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107540

Hanqiong Jia , Wenming Hao , Bo Qin , Yanze Du , Jinghong Ma , Ruifeng Li

The conversion of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) is one of the ways to clean and efficient utilization of fossil fuel. The acid cracking centers of catalyst for catalytic ring-opening reaction of PAHs are widely employed for improving the reaction selectivity and yield. Here, the product pattern and competitive interplay between central and terminal ring opening in 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (9,10-DHP) hydrocracking are found to be determined by the acid density of USY catalyst. During the initial phase of 9,10-DHP hydrocracking, hydrogenation/dehydrogenation and hydrogen transfer reactions are in competition with the central ring opening (CRO) reaction. The high temperature is in favor of the CRO reaction, while the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions diminish. In a high BAS density range (>179 μmol/g), the selectivity for CRO products notably increases, while the selectivity for tetrahydrophenanthrene declines with the increased density of BAS, the CRO efficiency is over 60 %. The coke deposition is less sensitive when the BAS in the low range (< 179 μmol/g).

多芳烃（PAHs）转化为苯、甲苯和二甲苯（BTX）是清洁高效利用化石燃料的途径之一。多环芳烃开环反应催化剂的酸裂化中心被广泛应用于提高反应选择性和产率。本研究发现，9,10-二氢菲（9,10- dhp）加氢裂化反应的产物模式和中心环开口与末端环开口之间的竞争性相互作用由USY催化剂的酸密度决定。在9,10- dhp加氢裂化的初始阶段，加氢/脱氢和氢转移反应与中心开环（CRO）反应相互竞争。高温有利于CRO反应，而加氢/脱氢反应减弱。在高BAS浓度范围内（>179 μmol/g），对CRO产物的选择性显著提高，而对四氢菲的选择性随BAS浓度的增加而降低，CRO效率可达60 %以上。当BAS浓度较低（< 179 μmol/g）时，焦炭沉积的敏感性较低。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing Fe-loaded catalysts in dual-stage pyrolysis-volatile reforming of biomass: Enhancing aromatic and hydrogen yield from wheat straw 生物质双段热解-挥发重整中载铁催化剂的优化：提高麦秸芳香烃和氢的产率

IF 6.2 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107539

Yansong Shi , Wenjing Zhao , Mudassir Hussain Tahir , Electo Eduardo Silva Lora , Alexander N. Kozlov , Maxim V. Penzik , Yuming Zhang , Shu Zhang

This study investigates the optimization of Fe-loaded catalysts made from Al₂O₃ and char derived from wheat straw (WS) biomass, aimed at enhancing the yield of aromatic compounds and hydrogen (H₂) during dual-stage pyrolysis-volatile reforming. The findings indicate that a Fe loading of 15 wt% notably improves aromatic production and H₂ yields; specifically, the Fe/Char composite achieves an aromatic yield of 86.8 % and an H₂ output of 81.39 mL/g, compared to yields of 79.8 % and 36.37 mL/g for the Fe/Al₂O₃ catalyst at an optimal reforming temperature of 750°C. Without catalysts at 450°C, the yields of aromatic compounds and H₂ are 65.9 % and 1.81 mL/g, respectively. These results underscore the synergistic effects of elevated temperatures and the catalytic efficiency of Fe/Char in significantly enhancing aromatic and H₂ yields. Furthermore, biochar produced at the optimal temperature exhibits a yield of 67.8 %, demonstrating its potential as an effective support material for the Fe/Char composite and emphasizing the process's efficiency and economic sustainability for full product utilization. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confirm the superior catalytic properties and structural advantages of biochar over Al₂O₃. This research emphasizes the critical role of catalyst design in the sustainable production of high-value biofuels from agricultural wastes, proposing a viable pathway for the advancement of efficient thermochemical biorefineries.

研究了以Al₂O₃和小麦秸秆炭为原料制备的载铁催化剂的优化设计，以提高双阶段热解-挥发重整过程中芳香族化合物和氢（H₂）的收率。结果表明，铁负荷为15 wt%显著提高了芳烃产量和H₂产率；具体来说，Fe/Char复合材料的芳香产率为86.8 %，H₂产率为81.39 mL/g，而Fe/Al₂O₃催化剂在750℃的最佳重整温度下的产率为79.8 %，H₂产率为36.37 mL/g。450℃无催化剂时，芳香族化合物和H₂的产率分别为65.9% %和1.81 mL/g。这些结果强调了高温和Fe/Char的催化效率在显著提高芳香和H₂产率方面的协同效应。此外，在最佳温度下生产的生物炭的产率为67.8% %，表明其作为铁/炭复合材料的有效支撑材料的潜力，并强调了该工艺的效率和经济可持续性，以充分利用产品。表征技术，包括x射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散光谱（EDS）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和x射线光电子能谱（XPS），证实了生物炭优于Al₂O₃的催化性能和结构优势。本研究强调了催化剂设计在从农业废弃物中可持续生产高价值生物燃料中的关键作用，为推进高效热化学生物炼制提出了可行的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanistic insights into slow pyrolysis of hydrothermal carbon 热液碳缓慢热解机理研究

IF 6.2 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107542

Luke J.R. Higgins , James M. Hammerton , Evangeline B. McShane , Andrew B. Ross , Christoph J. Sahle , Bhoopesh Mishra

Slow pyrolysis of fructose-derived hydrothermal carbon spheres at temperatures between 200 °C to 600 °C has been investigated using X-ray Raman spectroscopy and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in combination with infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and thermogravimetry. This study demonstrates the application of temperature resolved X-ray Raman spectroscopy to map the evolution of carbon functionality in complex organic materials. The results show that thermolysis of the polyfuranic linking units within hydrothermal carbon occurs between 300 °C to 350 °C. At pyrolysis temperatures above 350 °C, a stable CO species is observed. The combination of X-ray Raman and pyrolysis GCMS is used in a synergistic approach to monitor both evolving pyrolysate chemistry and bulk carbon composition. The evolution of key furanic and aromatic analytes during pyrolysis is reported. This work contributes to our understanding of the thermal stability and reactivity of these materials, which is essential for optimising their applications as catalyst supports.

采用x射线拉曼光谱、热解气相色谱-质谱联用红外光谱、元素分析和热重法研究了果糖热液碳球在200 ~ 600℃温度下的缓慢热解过程。本研究展示了温度分辨x射线拉曼光谱在复杂有机材料中碳官能团演化的应用。结果表明，在300 ~ 350℃之间，水热碳内的聚呋喃连接单元发生了热裂解。在350°C以上的热解温度下，观察到稳定的CO物质。x射线拉曼和热解GCMS的结合被用于协同监测热解产物化学和体碳组成的变化。报道了热解过程中关键的呋喃和芳香族分析物的演化。这项工作有助于我们了解这些材料的热稳定性和反应性，这对于优化它们作为催化剂载体的应用至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Theoretical and experimental research on degradation mechanism of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) 丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）降解机理的理论与实验研究

IF 6.2 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107541

Jinbao Huang , Liming Tai , Shi Yan , Sijia Li , Hao Cheng , Hong Wang , Yu Lv , Wenjing Duan , Xinsheng Li

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) is a kind of engineering plastic with excellent comprehensive properties, and is widely used in various industries. ABS can be converted into aromatics, aliphatics, and nitriles compound during thermal degradation, but the evolutionary mechanism of these degradation products remains unclear. In this article, ABS dimer, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polybutadiene (PB), and polystyrene (PS) tetramer are selected as model compounds to investigate the evolution mechanism of the main pyrolysis products by using density functional theory method. The results show that the concerted reaction of HCN elimination by branched chain cleavage has a high reaction energy barrier and may be difficult to occur. The primary reaction pathway is the radical reaction involving the direct cleavage of the C_butadiene-C_{acrylonitrile} bond in the main chain, with an energy barrier of 287.1 or 286.3 kJ/mol. The two radicals generated by the initial pyrolysis can undergo further reactions, including β-scission, intramolecular hydrogen transfer, and dehydrogenation reactions. These reactions ultimately lead to the formation of the main products, such as styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene, α-methylstyrene, and isopropylbenzene. The thermal degradation processes of ABS are investigated at 400, 500, and 600 ℃ by Py-GC/MS analysis. The experimental results of pyrolysis can effectively verify the rationality of the theoretical inference. Based on toxicity assessments, the acute and chronic toxicity of MC4 to aquatic organisms are severe. In addition, the toxicity of the degradation products is lower than that of MC4. These findings indicate that the toxicity of the products to aquatic organisms is significantly reduced.

丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）是一种综合性能优良的工程塑料，广泛应用于各行业。ABS在热降解过程中可转化为芳香族、脂肪族和腈族化合物，但这些降解产物的演化机制尚不清楚。本文以ABS二聚体、聚丙烯腈（PAN）、聚丁二烯（PB）、聚苯乙烯（PS）四聚体为模型化合物，采用密度泛函理论方法研究了主要热解产物的演化机理。结果表明，支链裂解消除HCN的协同反应具有较高的反应能垒，可能难以发生。主要反应途径为直接裂解主链上的丁二烯-丙烯腈键的自由基反应，能垒为287.1或286.3 kJ/mol。初始热解产生的两种自由基可以进行进一步的反应，包括β-裂解、分子内氢转移和脱氢反应。这些反应最终生成苯乙烯、丙烯腈、丁二烯、α-甲基苯乙烯和异丙苯等主要产物。采用Py-GC/MS分析了ABS在400、500和600℃时的热降解过程。热解实验结果可以有效验证理论推断的合理性。根据毒性评估，MC4对水生生物的急性和慢性毒性都很严重。此外，降解产物的毒性低于MC4。这些结果表明，产品对水生生物的毒性显著降低。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advances in copyrolysis of algal biomass with waste plastics for the production of upgraded oil 藻类生物质与废塑料共解生产提质油的研究进展

IF 6.2 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107538

Shayan Ebadi , Jechan Lee , Hyungseok Nam , Sungyup Jung , Myung Won Seo , Doyeon Lee , Young-Kwon Park

Co-pyrolysis of algae with common plastics (PET, HDPE, LDPE, PVC, PP, and PS) has emerged as a promising thermochemical pathway for simultaneously valorizing renewable biomass and polymeric wastes. This review synthesizes recent advances in mechanistic interactions, kinetic behavior, and liquid-phase product evolution in algae–plastic systems. Across polymers, co-pyrolysis consistently lowers activation energy, enhances devolatilization, increases oil yields beyond theoretical predictions, and suppresses oxygenated and nitrogenated compounds compared with algae alone. Polyolefins act as hydrogen donors that promote deoxygenation and denitrogenation; PET enhances decarboxylation and increases aromatic hydrocarbons; PVC accelerates volatilization through early HCl release with efficient chlorine capture; and PS contributes aromatic fragments that dilute heteroatom-rich vapors. These synergistic pathways generate hydrocarbon-rich oils with fuel-range heating values (∼42–47 MJ/kg) and improved physicochemical properties after catalytic upgrading or hydrotreatment. Key operational variables—including blending ratio, temperature, heating rate, reactor design, and catalyst formulation—strongly influence oil composition and fuel applicability. By integrating mechanistic insights with process-level outcomes, this review clarifies the potential of algae–plastic co-pyrolysis as a viable route for producing energy-dense liquids within circular waste-to-fuel strategies.

藻类与常见塑料（PET、HDPE、LDPE、PVC、PP和PS）共热解已成为同时处理可再生生物质和聚合物废物的一种有前途的热化学途径。本文综述了近年来在藻塑体系中相互作用机理、动力学行为和液相产物演化方面的研究进展。在聚合物中，与单独使用藻类相比，共热解可以持续降低活化能，增强脱挥发，提高原油产量，超出理论预测，并抑制含氧和含氮化合物。聚烯烃作为供氢体，促进脱氧和脱氮；PET增强脱羧作用，增加芳香烃；PVC通过早期HCl释放和有效的氯捕获加速挥发；PS提供芳香碎片，稀释富含杂原子的蒸汽。这些协同途径产生的富碳氢油具有燃料范围热值（~ 42-47 MJ/kg），并且经过催化升级或加氢处理后，其物理化学性质得到改善。关键的操作变量——包括混合比例、温度、加热速率、反应堆设计和催化剂配方——对油的成分和燃料的适用性有很大的影响。通过将机理见解与过程级结果相结合，本综述阐明了藻类-塑料共热解作为循环废物转化为燃料战略中生产能量密集液体的可行途径的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Upgradation of food waste hydrochar to value-added supercapacitor carbon material: Parametric optimization and hydrothermal temperature effect 餐厨垃圾碳氢化合物升级为高附加值超级电容器碳材料：参数优化和水热温度效应

IF 6.2 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107534

Che Liu , Jingchun Huang , Di Xie , Chang Wen , Qianshi Song , Yu Qiao

The activation of food waste hydrochar is a promising method to produce activated carbon (AC) using as EDLC electrode material. This study aims to optimize various preparation conditions (hydrothermal temperature, activation temperature, solid alkali ratio, and activation time) via response surface methodology (RSM), with the focus on the effect of hydrothermal temperature on the electrochemical performance of AC. The hydrothermal temperature had the greatest impact on the electrochemical performance of AC, followed by activation time, solid alkali ratio, and activation temperature. The optimal hydrothermal temperature, activation temperature, solid alkali ratio, and activation time was 213 ℃, 724 ℃, 2.5, and 2.8 h, respectively, calculated from 30 groups of RSM experiments. Under the optimal conditions, the AC showed a high specific surface area (2333 m²/g) and well distribution of nitrogen (e.g., rich in pyrrolic-N), leading to its high specific capacitance of 355.3 F/g at 0.5 A/g, with an error of 1.13 % compare to the maximum predicted value. Low hydrothermal temperature (e.g., ∼190 ℃) is not conducive to the formation of micropore/mesoporous structure in AC, as well as the pyrrolic-N and graphitic-N, resulting in a low specific capacitance of 241.9 F/g at 0.5 A/g. High hydrothermal temperature (e.g., ∼230 ℃) would inhibit the generation of micropore structure and enhance the formation of graphitic-N in AC. Thus, a medium hydrothermal temperature (e.g., ∼210 ℃) is necessary to prepare AC with well specific capacitance. The results can give a guidance to optimize the preparation parameters from food waste to efficient and cost-effective electrode carbon materials.

利用厨余水炭活化制备EDLC电极材料活性炭是一种很有前途的方法。本研究旨在通过响应面法（RSM）优化各种制备条件（水热温度、活化温度、固碱比和活化时间），重点研究水热温度对活性炭电化学性能的影响。水热温度对活性炭电化学性能的影响最大，其次是活化时间、固碱比和活化温度。通过30组RSM实验计算得到最佳水热温度为213℃，活化温度为724℃，固碱比为2.5℃，活化时间为2.8 h。在最佳条件下，AC具有较高的比表面积（2333 m²/g）和良好的氮分布（如富含吡唑啉- n），在0.5 a /g下具有355.3 F/g的高比电容，与最大预测值相比误差为1.13 %。较低的水热温度（例如~ 190℃）不利于AC中微孔/介孔结构的形成，也不利于吡啶- n和石墨- n的形成，导致在0.5 a /g时比电容较低，为241.9 F/g。较高的水热温度（例如，~ 230℃）会抑制AC中微孔结构的生成，并促进石墨- n的形成。因此，制备具有良好比电容的AC需要中等的水热温度（例如，~ 210℃）。研究结果可为优化食物垃圾制备高效、低成本电极碳材料的工艺参数提供指导。

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引用次数: 0

Environmental impact and water footprint of biofuel production from microalgae biomass based on life cycle assessment 基于生命周期评估的微藻生物燃料生产的环境影响和水足迹

IF 6.2 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107535

Shannan Xu , Feng Tan , Zhe Zhang , Wanming Lu , Chuan Yuan , Mao Mu , Shuang Wang

Algae is a promising raw material for producing biofuels, which has sparked a lot of interest in the utilization process. Taking three pyrolytic utilization processes into consideration, this paper conducted three pyrolytic experiments of Chlorella (CV) to accurately evaluate the environmental impact and water resource consumption. The pyrolysis catalyzed by ZSM catalyst exhibited the smallest global warming potential (GWP: 25711.158 kg CO₂ eq/t biofuel) and water resource consumption (WCP: 1716.010 m³/t biofuel). All the three processes integrated with hydrogenation process, which requires hydrogen. However, hydrogen production from pyrolytic gas has the greatest portion GWP at the three processes. Instead, if the hydrogen was meted by green hydrogen from renewable electricity, GWP and WCP can be reduced by up to 16 % and 4 %, respectively. In order to comprehensively evaluate the impact on the environment and water consumption, a reasonable plan for preparing biofuels in provinces with high algae yields was calculated and evaluated. Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hubei are selected as the oil producing provinces in each region in the article. The whole life cycle assessment results of this paper can be used as a reference for the subsequent algal oil production program in China.

藻类是一种很有前途的生产生物燃料的原料，这引起了人们对其利用过程的极大兴趣。考虑到三种热解利用工艺，本文对小球藻（CV）进行了三次热解实验，以准确评价其对环境的影响和对水资源的消耗。ZSM催化剂催化的热解表现出最小的全球变暖潜势（GWP: 25711.158 kg CO2当量/t生物燃料）和水资源消耗（WCP: 1716.010 m3/t生物燃料）。这三个过程都与加氢过程相结合，加氢过程需要氢气。然而，在这三个过程中，热解气制氢的GWP比例最大。相反，如果氢是由可再生电力产生的绿色氢来满足的，GWP和WCP可以分别减少16% %和4% %。为了综合评价其对环境和用水量的影响，计算并评价了在藻类高产省份合理的生物燃料制备方案。本文选取新疆、黑龙江、江苏、广东、广西、湖北作为各区域的产油省。本文的全生命周期评价结果可为中国后续的藻类采油方案提供参考。

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引用次数: 0