Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis最新文献_第8页

Studies on co-pyrolysis of microalgae and polymeric waste (plastic/rubber): Thermal behavior, kinetics, and product characteristics

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106924

Junjie Weng , Xu Wang , Zhanjun Cheng , Zhongyue Zhou , Haoran Liu , Hairong Ren , Jingyi Wang , Jianfeng Pan

Frequent global health crises pose the challenge of effectively recycling the vast amounts of waste polymers generated by pandemics. The co-pyrolysis of polymers and microalgae to produce high value-added chemicals and fuels presents a promising solution for waste management. The present work aims to comprehensively study the thermal degradation properties, synergistic effects, kinetic parameters, product distribution, and pyrolytic oil composition of Chlorella vulgaris (CV), polystyrene (PS), and nitrile butadiene gloves (NBG) co-pyrolysis. The results show that the interaction during co-pyrolysis promotes CV decomposition. The kinetic analysis indicated that CV:PS:NBG reduced the activation energy at all phases. The master plot method shows that CV, PS, and NBG correspond to the order reaction model (F8), nucleation model (A2), and diffusional model (D3), respectively. Meanwhile, the 1D diffusion model (D1), second-order model (F2), and first-order model (F1) are more suitable for the pyrolysis processes of CV:PS, CV:NBG and CV:PS:NBG. The thermodynamic characteristics suggest that all components require external energy to form activated complexes, and the presence of polymers promotes this process. Co-pyrolysis greatly enhanced the pyrolysis oil yield, from 45.58 wt% for the CV alone pyrolysis to 67.36 wt% for CV:PS, 50.59 wt% for CV:NBG, and 61.43 wt% for CV:PS:NBG. Compared to the theoretical values, the pyrolysis oil derived from the ternary blend exhibited increases of 17.74 % and 7.04 % in aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons, while the contents of N and O elements were reduced by 2.96 % and 2.54 %, respectively. The interaction mechanism and potential reaction pathways of CV with PS and NBG co-pyrolysis was proposed based on the reaction process. This study implies that CV co-pyrolyzed with PS and NBG could optimize energy output, providing theoretical and practical support for efficiently utilizing waste resources.

{"title":"Studies on co-pyrolysis of microalgae and polymeric waste (plastic/rubber): Thermal behavior, kinetics, and product characteristics","authors":"Junjie Weng , Xu Wang , Zhanjun Cheng , Zhongyue Zhou , Haoran Liu , Hairong Ren , Jingyi Wang , Jianfeng Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frequent global health crises pose the challenge of effectively recycling the vast amounts of waste polymers generated by pandemics. The co-pyrolysis of polymers and microalgae to produce high value-added chemicals and fuels presents a promising solution for waste management. The present work aims to comprehensively study the thermal degradation properties, synergistic effects, kinetic parameters, product distribution, and pyrolytic oil composition of <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> (CV), polystyrene (PS), and nitrile butadiene gloves (NBG) co-pyrolysis. The results show that the interaction during co-pyrolysis promotes CV decomposition. The kinetic analysis indicated that CV:PS:NBG reduced the activation energy at all phases. The master plot method shows that CV, PS, and NBG correspond to the order reaction model (F8), nucleation model (A2), and diffusional model (D3), respectively. Meanwhile, the 1D diffusion model (D1), second-order model (F2), and first-order model (F1) are more suitable for the pyrolysis processes of CV:PS, CV:NBG and CV:PS:NBG. The thermodynamic characteristics suggest that all components require external energy to form activated complexes, and the presence of polymers promotes this process. Co-pyrolysis greatly enhanced the pyrolysis oil yield, from 45.58 wt% for the CV alone pyrolysis to 67.36 wt% for CV:PS, 50.59 wt% for CV:NBG, and 61.43 wt% for CV:PS:NBG. Compared to the theoretical values, the pyrolysis oil derived from the ternary blend exhibited increases of 17.74 % and 7.04 % in aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons, while the contents of N and O elements were reduced by 2.96 % and 2.54 %, respectively. The interaction mechanism and potential reaction pathways of CV with PS and NBG co-pyrolysis was proposed based on the reaction process. This study implies that CV co-pyrolyzed with PS and NBG could optimize energy output, providing theoretical and practical support for efficiently utilizing waste resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106924"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustainable regeneration of deactivated hydrochar-supported Ni catalyst for enhancing low-temperature tar reforming performance

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106918

Chao Gai , Yijing Tao , Nana Peng , Xiaomin Dou , Zhengang Liu

Catalytic tar reforming using biochar-supported nanoparticle catalyst has emerged as a prominent approach for efficient biomass gasification. However, the widespread issue of catalyst deactivation significantly impedes their industrial application. Recent studies have successfully elucidated the deactivation and regeneration behaviors of pyrochar-based catalysts during high temperature (700–900 °C) tar reforming. In contrast, the deactivation and regeneration mechanisms of hydrochar-based catalysts for low temperature (e.g., 600 °C) biomass tar reforming remain unclear. In this study, we report a simple and cost-effective approach for the regeneration deactivated hydrochar-supported nickel catalyst (Ni_0.1/HC). A straightforward N₂ regeneration treatment (800 °C, 30 mL/min for 30 min) restored the Ni_0.1/HC catalyst to its highest tar reforming efficiency (71 %), H₂ selectivity (38 %), H₂ yield (758 mL/g) and highest LHV_g (8.59 MJ/Nm³). We attribute this promising regeneration performance, which significantly outperforms previously reported regeneration atmospheres (such as CO₂, O_2, and air), to the suppression of Ni sintering that achieved by limiting oxidation of the coke/hydrochar support. This work advances our understanding of the deactivation and regeneration mechanisms of the hydrochar-based tar reforming catalysts and could facilitate the practical application of biochar-supported catalysts in biomass conversion.

{"title":"Sustainable regeneration of deactivated hydrochar-supported Ni catalyst for enhancing low-temperature tar reforming performance","authors":"Chao Gai , Yijing Tao , Nana Peng , Xiaomin Dou , Zhengang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Catalytic tar reforming using biochar-supported nanoparticle catalyst has emerged as a prominent approach for efficient biomass gasification. However, the widespread issue of catalyst deactivation significantly impedes their industrial application. Recent studies have successfully elucidated the deactivation and regeneration behaviors of pyrochar-based catalysts during high temperature (700–900 °C) tar reforming. In contrast, the deactivation and regeneration mechanisms of hydrochar-based catalysts for low temperature (e.g., 600 °C) biomass tar reforming remain unclear. In this study, we report a simple and cost-effective approach for the regeneration deactivated hydrochar-supported nickel catalyst (Ni<sub>0.1</sub>/HC). A straightforward N<sub>2</sub> regeneration treatment (800 °C, 30 mL/min for 30 min) restored the Ni<sub>0.1</sub>/HC catalyst to its highest tar reforming efficiency (71 %), H<sub>2</sub> selectivity (38 %), H<sub>2</sub> yield (758 mL/g) and highest LHV<sub>g</sub> (8.59 MJ/Nm<sup>3</sup>). We attribute this promising regeneration performance, which significantly outperforms previously reported regeneration atmospheres (such as CO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2,</sub> and air), to the suppression of Ni sintering that achieved by limiting oxidation of the coke/hydrochar support. This work advances our understanding of the deactivation and regeneration mechanisms of the hydrochar-based tar reforming catalysts and could facilitate the practical application of biochar-supported catalysts in biomass conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106918"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of temperature role in the HDPE steam cracking product distribution with a focus on light olefins production

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106922

Manomita Mollick , Laura Santamaria , Maria Cortazar , Palash K. Mollick , Pablo Comendador , Maider Amutio , Martin Olazar , Gartzen Lopez

The selective conversion of waste plastics into valuable chemicals, such as light olefins and single ring aromatics, was approached in an original fountain confined conical spouted bed reactor. The aim was the evaluation of the role played by temperature on product distribution and reaction mechanism in the steam cracking of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). Therefore, continuous runs were conducted between 675 and 800 ºC using a bed made up of inert sand. The reactor operated under vigorous spouting conditions to promote gas-solid contact and, at the same time, reduce the gas residence time. The proposed reactor design performs very well and is highly versatile to operate in a wide temperature range without operational problems. The steam cracking at 675 ºC led to partial conversion with a high oil fraction (44.9 wt%). The maximum yield of light olefins of 54.5 wt% was obtained at 700 ºC, with this yield steadily decreasing as temperature was increased. Cracking temperature had also an influence on the light olefin composition, with a marked decrease in the content of propylene and butenes and an increase in that of ethylene when temperature was raised. In addition, high temperatures also promoted the production of valuable single ring aromatics, i.e., a Benzene, Toluene and Xylenes (BTX) fraction yield of approximately 16 wt% was obtained between 750 and 800 ºC. Therefore, steam cracking in a fountain confined spouted bed reactor is an encouraging strategy to selectively convert plastics into valuable chemicals, such as light olefins and BTX aromatic compounds.

{"title":"Evaluation of temperature role in the HDPE steam cracking product distribution with a focus on light olefins production","authors":"Manomita Mollick , Laura Santamaria , Maria Cortazar , Palash K. Mollick , Pablo Comendador , Maider Amutio , Martin Olazar , Gartzen Lopez","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The selective conversion of waste plastics into valuable chemicals, such as light olefins and single ring aromatics, was approached in an original fountain confined conical spouted bed reactor. The aim was the evaluation of the role played by temperature on product distribution and reaction mechanism in the steam cracking of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). Therefore, continuous runs were conducted between 675 and 800 ºC using a bed made up of inert sand. The reactor operated under vigorous spouting conditions to promote gas-solid contact and, at the same time, reduce the gas residence time. The proposed reactor design performs very well and is highly versatile to operate in a wide temperature range without operational problems. The steam cracking at 675 ºC led to partial conversion with a high oil fraction (44.9 wt%). The maximum yield of light olefins of 54.5 wt% was obtained at 700 ºC, with this yield steadily decreasing as temperature was increased. Cracking temperature had also an influence on the light olefin composition, with a marked decrease in the content of propylene and butenes and an increase in that of ethylene when temperature was raised. In addition, high temperatures also promoted the production of valuable single ring aromatics, i.e., a Benzene, Toluene and Xylenes (BTX) fraction yield of approximately 16 wt% was obtained between 750 and 800 ºC. Therefore, steam cracking in a fountain confined spouted bed reactor is an encouraging strategy to selectively convert plastics into valuable chemicals, such as light olefins and BTX aromatic compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106922"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal behavior, kinetics, and gas evolution characteristics for the pyrolysis of unused and UV-aged GFRP

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106921

Wei Nan , Wenhui Ji , Yanping Yuan , Jidan Zhang , Yong Sun

Glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) materials are particularly susceptible to significant performance deterioration in environments with intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which increases the risk of ignition. However, the impact of UV exposure on the combustion characteristics of GFRP has not been revealed in the literature. Pyrolysis is the first step of combustion. This study utilizes TG-FTIR to examine the pyrolysis behaviors of both unused and UV-aged GFRP. The results indicate that the pyrolysis process for both unused and aged samples can be divided into two stages. A decrease in the activation energy of the initial pyrolysis stage was observed, with reductions of 18.8 % and 20.2 % after aging durations of 7 and 15 days, respectively. Furthermore, the pyrolysis process was accurately modeled using diffusional, power law, nucleation, and order-based reaction mechanism models. The components generated during the pyrolysis of unused and UV-aged GFRP included C-O, H₂O, CO₂, C-H, and CO. Additionally, the thermal degradation process was reconstructed by a Convolutional Neural Network model, and the results demonstrated a strong correlation between the predicted data and the experimental data. The findings from the pyrolysis analyses suggest that UV aging significantly increases the ignition risk associated with GFRP.

{"title":"Thermal behavior, kinetics, and gas evolution characteristics for the pyrolysis of unused and UV-aged GFRP","authors":"Wei Nan , Wenhui Ji , Yanping Yuan , Jidan Zhang , Yong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) materials are particularly susceptible to significant performance deterioration in environments with intense ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which increases the risk of ignition. However, the impact of UV exposure on the combustion characteristics of GFRP has not been revealed in the literature. Pyrolysis is the first step of combustion. This study utilizes TG-FTIR to examine the pyrolysis behaviors of both unused and UV-aged GFRP. The results indicate that the pyrolysis process for both unused and aged samples can be divided into two stages. A decrease in the activation energy of the initial pyrolysis stage was observed, with reductions of 18.8 % and 20.2 % after aging durations of 7 and 15 days, respectively. Furthermore, the pyrolysis process was accurately modeled using diffusional, power law, nucleation, and order-based reaction mechanism models. The components generated during the pyrolysis of unused and UV-aged GFRP included C-O, H<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, C-H, and C<img>O. Additionally, the thermal degradation process was reconstructed by a Convolutional Neural Network model, and the results demonstrated a strong correlation between the predicted data and the experimental data. The findings from the pyrolysis analyses suggest that UV aging significantly increases the ignition risk associated with GFRP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106921"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Syngas production from textile dyeing sludge via carbon dioxide-assisted pyrolysis

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106916

Jonghyun Park , Yiu Fai Tsang , Doyeon Lee , Seong-Heon Cho , Eilhann E. Kwon

The textile dyeing process utilizing synthetic dyes generates by-products known as textile dyeing sludge (TDS), which comprises various harmful chemicals. However, disposal of TDS through conventional methods of waste present significant environmental hazards, leading to the dissemination of hazardous chemicals into the ecosystem. Therefore, this study introduces thermo-chemical platform for the disposal of TDS. Specifically, this study employs CO₂ as a reactive feedstock to maximize the production of syngas and minimize formation of toxic chemicals. Prior to pyrolysis, the hazardous potential of TDS was qualitatively evaluated. The pyrolysis of TDS under CO₂ environments demonstrated gas-phase reactions between volatile substances and CO₂. These reactions led to increased CO production while simultaneously reducing the formation of toxic compounds such as benzene derivatives and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) within pyrogenic oil. The reduction in benzene derivatives and PAHs was quantified as −10.31 % under single-step pyrolysis and −25.16 % under multi-step pyrolysis. To expedite kinetics of gas-phase reactions, Ni-based catalyst was employed for catalytic pyrolysis of TDS. Compared to non-catalytic pyrolysis, the Ni catalyst enhanced CO production by expediting gas-phase reactions. Compared to multi-step pyrolysis under the CO₂ condition (3.81 mol%), the CO formation from catalytic pyrolysis under CO₂ condition exhibited significant enhancement (15.35 mol%). Consequently, all experimental results highlight potential of pyrolysis with CO₂ as a promising method for the disposal of TDS, while converting it into valuable energy resources.

{"title":"Syngas production from textile dyeing sludge via carbon dioxide-assisted pyrolysis","authors":"Jonghyun Park , Yiu Fai Tsang , Doyeon Lee , Seong-Heon Cho , Eilhann E. Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The textile dyeing process utilizing synthetic dyes generates by-products known as textile dyeing sludge (TDS), which comprises various harmful chemicals. However, disposal of TDS through conventional methods of waste present significant environmental hazards, leading to the dissemination of hazardous chemicals into the ecosystem. Therefore, this study introduces thermo-chemical platform for the disposal of TDS. Specifically, this study employs CO<sub>2</sub> as a reactive feedstock to maximize the production of syngas and minimize formation of toxic chemicals. Prior to pyrolysis, the hazardous potential of TDS was qualitatively evaluated. The pyrolysis of TDS under CO<sub>2</sub> environments demonstrated gas-phase reactions between volatile substances and CO<sub>2</sub>. These reactions led to increased CO production while simultaneously reducing the formation of toxic compounds such as benzene derivatives and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) within pyrogenic oil. The reduction in benzene derivatives and PAHs was quantified as −10.31 % under single-step pyrolysis and −25.16 % under multi-step pyrolysis. To expedite kinetics of gas-phase reactions, Ni-based catalyst was employed for catalytic pyrolysis of TDS. Compared to non-catalytic pyrolysis, the Ni catalyst enhanced CO production by expediting gas-phase reactions. Compared to multi-step pyrolysis under the CO<sub>2</sub> condition (3.81 mol%), the CO formation from catalytic pyrolysis under CO<sub>2</sub> condition exhibited significant enhancement (15.35 mol%). Consequently, all experimental results highlight potential of pyrolysis with CO<sub>2</sub> as a promising method for the disposal of TDS, while converting it into valuable energy resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106916"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of extractives on the composition of bio-oil from biomass pyrolysis – A review

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106919

Thamyris Q.S. Sampaio , Sirlene B. Lima , Carlos A.M. Pires

Fast pyrolysis of biomass is a promising method for producing bio-oil, meeting the growing demand for renewable fuels with low environmental impact. However, the complexity of the reactions involved and the limited knowledge about the influence of extractives (proteins, starch, waxes, fats, resins, tannic acid, pigments, sugars, pectin, saponins, essential oils, etc.) on the pyrolysis of the main biomass components (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) make it difficult to formulate effective mathematical models to optimize the reaction system and scale the process commercially. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art regarding the influence of extractives on the pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, as well as on the composition of bio-oil. The text critically discusses the characteristics of biomass and the fast pyrolysis of each of its macromolecules and extractives, establishing a reference base for studying the effects of extractives in this process. Additionally, it offers an updated perspective on how extractives affect the devolatilization of macromolecules, considering factors such as reaction activation, liquid yield, and types of char produced. The influence of extractives on the pyrolysis of each macromolecule and the distribution of chemical species present in bio-oil is also addressed, contributing to a better understanding of the process.

{"title":"Influence of extractives on the composition of bio-oil from biomass pyrolysis – A review","authors":"Thamyris Q.S. Sampaio , Sirlene B. Lima , Carlos A.M. Pires","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fast pyrolysis of biomass is a promising method for producing bio-oil, meeting the growing demand for renewable fuels with low environmental impact. However, the complexity of the reactions involved and the limited knowledge about the influence of extractives (proteins, starch, waxes, fats, resins, tannic acid, pigments, sugars, pectin, saponins, essential oils, etc.) on the pyrolysis of the main biomass components (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) make it difficult to formulate effective mathematical models to optimize the reaction system and scale the process commercially. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art regarding the influence of extractives on the pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, as well as on the composition of bio-oil. The text critically discusses the characteristics of biomass and the fast pyrolysis of each of its macromolecules and extractives, establishing a reference base for studying the effects of extractives in this process. Additionally, it offers an updated perspective on how extractives affect the devolatilization of macromolecules, considering factors such as reaction activation, liquid yield, and types of char produced. The influence of extractives on the pyrolysis of each macromolecule and the distribution of chemical species present in bio-oil is also addressed, contributing to a better understanding of the process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106919"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of palm pyrolysis oil produced from fresh palm fruit bunches with a modified downdraft biomass gasifier and burner as heat source

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106917

Nathawat Unsomsri , Sommas Kaewluan , Sittinun Tawkaew , Songkran Wiriyasart

Thailand relies heavily on crude oil imports, emphasizing the need for alternative, locally sourced energy solutions. This study highlights pyrolysis as a cost-effective method for converting biomass into energy and producing three primary outputs: pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas, and biochar. Fresh palm fruit bunches (FFB) from the Tenera strain were investigated as a feedstock for pyrolysis using a modified downdraft biomass gasifier and burner as heat sources. The FFB underwent size reduction to ensure a diameter of no more than 20 mm before pyrolysis. A 120-liter batch pyrolyzer was designed to maximize thermal efficiency and product yield. Key parameters, including pyrolysis temperatures of 400, 500, and 600 °C, were systematically analyzed. The highest yield of pyrolysis oil (24.66 %) was obtained at 400 °C, with chemical analysis identifying compounds such as naphthalene, heptadecanol, phenol, and methyl palmitate. Environmental evaluations showed significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, with 5.37 kg-CO₂/kg-PPO less than LPG and 8.44 kg-CO₂/kg-PPO less than electricity. This study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing FFB for biofuel production and presents a sustainable framework for addressing energy demands in Thailand.

{"title":"Characterization of palm pyrolysis oil produced from fresh palm fruit bunches with a modified downdraft biomass gasifier and burner as heat source","authors":"Nathawat Unsomsri , Sommas Kaewluan , Sittinun Tawkaew , Songkran Wiriyasart","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thailand relies heavily on crude oil imports, emphasizing the need for alternative, locally sourced energy solutions. This study highlights pyrolysis as a cost-effective method for converting biomass into energy and producing three primary outputs: pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas, and biochar. Fresh palm fruit bunches (FFB) from the Tenera strain were investigated as a feedstock for pyrolysis using a modified downdraft biomass gasifier and burner as heat sources. The FFB underwent size reduction to ensure a diameter of no more than 20 mm before pyrolysis. A 120-liter batch pyrolyzer was designed to maximize thermal efficiency and product yield. Key parameters, including pyrolysis temperatures of 400, 500, and 600 °C, were systematically analyzed. The highest yield of pyrolysis oil (24.66 %) was obtained at 400 °C, with chemical analysis identifying compounds such as naphthalene, heptadecanol, phenol, and methyl palmitate. Environmental evaluations showed significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, with 5.37 kg-CO<sub>2</sub>/kg-PPO less than LPG and 8.44 kg-CO<sub>2</sub>/kg-PPO less than electricity. This study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing FFB for biofuel production and presents a sustainable framework for addressing energy demands in Thailand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106917"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of the reaction mechanism of 5-Amino-1H-Tetrazole with nitrocellulose using thermal analysis techniques

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106915

Chenglong Li , Hangsheng Jia , Wenjia Li , Yajun Ding , Zhongliang Xiao , Jie Zhou , Shiying Li

5-Amino-1H-Tetrazole （5AT）, a green energetic substance, has been used in propellants, pyrotechnics, and gas generators because of its high energy density and low sensitivity. However, inferior combustion performance prevents its further applications. Thermal behavior analysis might give direction on controlling combustion properties, which can be successfully optimized by incorporating additional energetic elements. In the present study, an in-depth investigation into the pyrolysis mechanism of 5AT samples incorporating nitrocellulose (NC) was conducted. To achieve this, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) were employed to elucidate the pyrolysis process, while kinetic parameters were determined using three distinct methodologies: two model-free approaches (Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Advanced Vyazokovin) and one model-fitting approach (Coats-Redfern). Thermal analyses revealed that all samples experienced a pronounced weight loss accompanied by endothermic reactions within the temperature range of 100–300 °C. The introduction of NC significantly diminished both the enthalpy of reaction and the peak temperatures observed in the derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves, findings corroborated by complementary FTIR spectroscopic data. These observations can be attributed to the thermal decomposition of NC, which releases NO₂ and generates heat, thereby facilitating the cleavage of the 5AT ring. Kinetic analysis indicated that the presence of NC reduced the activation energy of the 5AT pyrolysis process; however, it exerted minimal influence on the underlying kinetic model. The pyrolysis behavior of the samples was predominantly governed by the Fn model. Ultimately, the most plausible reaction mechanism for the 5AT-NC samples was delineated. The findings of this study contribute positively to the enhancement of 5AT combustion performance.

{"title":"Investigation of the reaction mechanism of 5-Amino-1H-Tetrazole with nitrocellulose using thermal analysis techniques","authors":"Chenglong Li , Hangsheng Jia , Wenjia Li , Yajun Ding , Zhongliang Xiao , Jie Zhou , Shiying Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>5-Amino-1H-Tetrazole （5AT）, a green energetic substance, has been used in propellants, pyrotechnics, and gas generators because of its high energy density and low sensitivity. However, inferior combustion performance prevents its further applications. Thermal behavior analysis might give direction on controlling combustion properties, which can be successfully optimized by incorporating additional energetic elements. In the present study, an in-depth investigation into the pyrolysis mechanism of 5AT samples incorporating nitrocellulose (NC) was conducted. To achieve this, thermogravimetric analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) were employed to elucidate the pyrolysis process, while kinetic parameters were determined using three distinct methodologies: two model-free approaches (Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Advanced Vyazokovin) and one model-fitting approach (Coats-Redfern). Thermal analyses revealed that all samples experienced a pronounced weight loss accompanied by endothermic reactions within the temperature range of 100–300 °C. The introduction of NC significantly diminished both the enthalpy of reaction and the peak temperatures observed in the derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves, findings corroborated by complementary FTIR spectroscopic data. These observations can be attributed to the thermal decomposition of NC, which releases NO<sub>2</sub> and generates heat, thereby facilitating the cleavage of the 5AT ring. Kinetic analysis indicated that the presence of NC reduced the activation energy of the 5AT pyrolysis process; however, it exerted minimal influence on the underlying kinetic model. The pyrolysis behavior of the samples was predominantly governed by the Fn model. Ultimately, the most plausible reaction mechanism for the 5AT-NC samples was delineated. The findings of this study contribute positively to the enhancement of 5AT combustion performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106915"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143174251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pyrolysis valorization of waste epoxy thermosets

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106908

Yafei Shen , Yufan Wu

Epoxy resins and their composites have been widely applied in diverse industrial products. Epoxy resins possess excellent chemical resistance, mechanical and thermal properties, and dimensional stability, which makes them formidable to be recycled, degraded, reprocessed, and dissolved. It is a significant challenge in the end-of-life management of epoxy resin-derived materials. This paper introduced the original structures and thermochemical properties of typical epoxy thermosets and their composites. Moreover, the common-used methods for recovery and recycling of epoxy-based wastes were discussed comparatively. Among these methods, pyrolysis is considered as a promising method with high technological readiness level (TRL) and high recovery efficiency that can efficiently treat different types of thermosets and commercial composites in large scales. Through pyrolysis, organic components are thermally degraded for producing value-added products with less pollution generation than incineration. Significantly, the recovered materials such as carbon fiber can keep considerable strength. However, it is lack of important review works in pyrolysis valorization of waste epoxy thermosets. This paper concludes the pyrolysis of waste epoxy thermosets in terms of influencing factors and relevant reaction mechanisms. Furthermore, the pyrolysis recycling of typical epoxy composites used in industrial products such as printed circuit boards (PCBs) and wind turbine blades (WTBs) is highlighted to guide researchers for developing more efficient, sustainable, and low-cost processes. During the pyrolysis of epoxy-composites, the epoxy resin is converted into gas, liquid, and solid products. Since pyrolysis of epoxy resin normally occurring at 300–500 °C can result in the production of complex components, it is urgent to take more efforts in developing advanced catalysis materials and processes for directional pyrolysis upcycling of epoxy resin and its composites such as carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). Ultimately, some recommendations for pyrolysis upcycling of waste epoxy thermosets and their composites are pointed out.

{"title":"Pyrolysis valorization of waste epoxy thermosets","authors":"Yafei Shen , Yufan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epoxy resins and their composites have been widely applied in diverse industrial products. Epoxy resins possess excellent chemical resistance, mechanical and thermal properties, and dimensional stability, which makes them formidable to be recycled, degraded, reprocessed, and dissolved. It is a significant challenge in the end-of-life management of epoxy resin-derived materials. This paper introduced the original structures and thermochemical properties of typical epoxy thermosets and their composites. Moreover, the common-used methods for recovery and recycling of epoxy-based wastes were discussed comparatively. Among these methods, pyrolysis is considered as a promising method with high technological readiness level (TRL) and high recovery efficiency that can efficiently treat different types of thermosets and commercial composites in large scales. Through pyrolysis, organic components are thermally degraded for producing value-added products with less pollution generation than incineration. Significantly, the recovered materials such as carbon fiber can keep considerable strength. However, it is lack of important review works in pyrolysis valorization of waste epoxy thermosets. This paper concludes the pyrolysis of waste epoxy thermosets in terms of influencing factors and relevant reaction mechanisms. Furthermore, the pyrolysis recycling of typical epoxy composites used in industrial products such as printed circuit boards (PCBs) and wind turbine blades (WTBs) is highlighted to guide researchers for developing more efficient, sustainable, and low-cost processes. During the pyrolysis of epoxy-composites, the epoxy resin is converted into gas, liquid, and solid products. Since pyrolysis of epoxy resin normally occurring at 300–500 °C can result in the production of complex components, it is urgent to take more efforts in developing advanced catalysis materials and processes for directional pyrolysis upcycling of epoxy resin and its composites such as carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). Ultimately, some recommendations for pyrolysis upcycling of waste epoxy thermosets and their composites are pointed out.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106908"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Green hydrocarbon-range production via catalytic pyrolysis of oleic acid over MgO regulated NiO/SiO2 catalysts

IF 5.8 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106913

Meihua Fu , Shengzu Zhang , Jida Wang , Feng Shi , Yifei Chen , Liu Chengguo , Shunxiong Yang , Defa Hou , Yi Lu , Fulin Yang , Can Liu , Xu Lin , Zhifeng Zheng , Yunwu Zheng

Selective catalytic deoxygenation of fatty acids has been recognized as a promising approach for producing sustainable fuels. However, limited catalytic activity often results in reduced selectivity for desired products. Herein, a series of MgO-promoted NiO/SiO₂ catalysts featuring Mg-decorated NiO interfaces was synthesized for oleic acid catalytic deoxygenation to gasoline-range hydrocarbon. Detailed characterization and experiment revealed that Ni⁰ species was the active phase which could provide active H atom to enhance C-C bond cracking and hydrodeoxygenation via dissociation H₂, and Mg species introduction significant promoted NiOx species well-dispersion and enhanced oxygen vacancies content to adsorption and activate carbonyl group. Notably, 3 %-Mg promoted Ni-SiO₂ catalyst exhibited superior catalytic activity with 100 % conversion rate, 96.83 % and 54.58 % yield of hydrocarbon compound and olefins yield and 70.25 % selectivity to gasoline-range fraction via dehydration-hydrogenation process due to excellent acidity site, oxygen vacancies, texture properties and well-distribution and synergistic promoting effect of Ni and Mg species. Furthermore, coke deposition, active species reduction and leaching was reasonable for catalyst deactivation, resulting in hydrocarbon yield and olefin selectivity decreasing after five cycling. This deep understanding provided a facile strategy for catalyst rational design and the developed Mg/Ni-Si catalysts highlighted a great prospect for produce green hydrocarbon-rich fuel from biomass-derived oxygen-containing compound.

{"title":"Green hydrocarbon-range production via catalytic pyrolysis of oleic acid over MgO regulated NiO/SiO2 catalysts","authors":"Meihua Fu , Shengzu Zhang , Jida Wang , Feng Shi , Yifei Chen , Liu Chengguo , Shunxiong Yang , Defa Hou , Yi Lu , Fulin Yang , Can Liu , Xu Lin , Zhifeng Zheng , Yunwu Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selective catalytic deoxygenation of fatty acids has been recognized as a promising approach for producing sustainable fuels. However, limited catalytic activity often results in reduced selectivity for desired products. Herein, a series of MgO-promoted NiO/SiO<sub>2</sub> catalysts featuring Mg-decorated NiO interfaces was synthesized for oleic acid catalytic deoxygenation to gasoline-range hydrocarbon. Detailed characterization and experiment revealed that Ni<sup>0</sup> species was the active phase which could provide active H atom to enhance C-C bond cracking and hydrodeoxygenation via dissociation H<sub>2</sub>, and Mg species introduction significant promoted NiOx species well-dispersion and enhanced oxygen vacancies content to adsorption and activate carbonyl group. Notably, 3 %-Mg promoted Ni-SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst exhibited superior catalytic activity with 100 % conversion rate, 96.83 % and 54.58 % yield of hydrocarbon compound and olefins yield and 70.25 % selectivity to gasoline-range fraction via dehydration-hydrogenation process due to excellent acidity site, oxygen vacancies, texture properties and well-distribution and synergistic promoting effect of Ni and Mg species. Furthermore, coke deposition, active species reduction and leaching was reasonable for catalyst deactivation, resulting in hydrocarbon yield and olefin selectivity decreasing after five cycling. This deep understanding provided a facile strategy for catalyst rational design and the developed Mg/Ni-Si catalysts highlighted a great prospect for produce green hydrocarbon-rich fuel from biomass-derived oxygen-containing compound.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":345,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","volume":"186 ","pages":"Article 106913"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0