Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-3-47-52
Z. Fedorova, A. Vachrameev
Purpose: to determine the influence of the mass of hatching eggs on the growth and development of hatched chickens and on the quality of the eggs obtained from them in hens of the Pushkin breed.Materials and methods. The material for the study was chickens of the Pushkin breed, in the amount of 70 heads. 52 weeks of age and their descendants, used later in reproduction (85 ♀ and 28 ♂). The birds were kept in individual cages. Conditions of keeping and feeding are in accordance with the standards adopted in the bioresource collection of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Growing Animals “Genetic collection of rare and endangered breeds of chickens”. Immediately before incubation, 340 eggs were estimated by mass. hatching eggs. The hatched chickens were weighed at the ages of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 weeks. Depending on the weight of the incubation egg of the mothers and the sex of the chick, the data obtained were divided into three groups: Group I (light) ⩽M-0.5σ (⩽63.7 g-♀ and ⩽65.14 g-♂), Group III ( heavy) ⩾M+0.5σ (⩾68.2 g-♀and ⩾70.07 g-♂), eggs with intermediate weight are classified as “medium” - group II. At the age of 35 weeks, eggs obtained from daughters of the experimental groups were assessed.Results. It was noted that there are high correlation coefficients between weight incubation eggs the weight day-old of chickens: for hens r = 0.85 for roosters 0.95 (Р<0,001). The average live weight at one day of age by group differed significantly from each other. Significant differences were observed in both hens and roosters between groups I and III at 2 (P<0.05), 6, 8, 10, and 12 months of age (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in live weight between groups I-II and II-III. In terms of the quality of daughters' eggs, significant differences were observed in the weight of laid eggs between groups I and II, I and III (P < 0.01). In terms of the mass of protein, yolk, shell and the energy value of eggs, the highest indicators were noted in group III.Conclusion. Studies have shown that the weight of eggs affects not only the live weight of chickens at the daily age, but also the live weight at a later period of growth. The coefficient of heritability of eggs mass (h2) for mothers was 0.701 (P<0.001) and for fathers 0.389 (P<0.01). Thus, it is possible to increase meat productivity without reducing the quality of eggs in meat-egg breeds of chickens by selecting incubation eggs of a larger mass.
{"title":"The influence of the mass of incubation eggs on the growth indicators of a live weight of the bred young chickens and the quality of their eggs","authors":"Z. Fedorova, A. Vachrameev","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-3-47-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-3-47-52","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: to determine the influence of the mass of hatching eggs on the growth and development of hatched chickens and on the quality of the eggs obtained from them in hens of the Pushkin breed.Materials and methods. The material for the study was chickens of the Pushkin breed, in the amount of 70 heads. 52 weeks of age and their descendants, used later in reproduction (85 ♀ and 28 ♂). The birds were kept in individual cages. Conditions of keeping and feeding are in accordance with the standards adopted in the bioresource collection of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Growing Animals “Genetic collection of rare and endangered breeds of chickens”. Immediately before incubation, 340 eggs were estimated by mass. hatching eggs. The hatched chickens were weighed at the ages of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 weeks. Depending on the weight of the incubation egg of the mothers and the sex of the chick, the data obtained were divided into three groups: Group I (light) ⩽M-0.5σ (⩽63.7 g-♀ and ⩽65.14 g-♂), Group III ( heavy) ⩾M+0.5σ (⩾68.2 g-♀and ⩾70.07 g-♂), eggs with intermediate weight are classified as “medium” - group II. At the age of 35 weeks, eggs obtained from daughters of the experimental groups were assessed.Results. It was noted that there are high correlation coefficients between weight incubation eggs the weight day-old of chickens: for hens r = 0.85 for roosters 0.95 (Р<0,001). The average live weight at one day of age by group differed significantly from each other. Significant differences were observed in both hens and roosters between groups I and III at 2 (P<0.05), 6, 8, 10, and 12 months of age (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in live weight between groups I-II and II-III. In terms of the quality of daughters' eggs, significant differences were observed in the weight of laid eggs between groups I and II, I and III (P < 0.01). In terms of the mass of protein, yolk, shell and the energy value of eggs, the highest indicators were noted in group III.Conclusion. Studies have shown that the weight of eggs affects not only the live weight of chickens at the daily age, but also the live weight at a later period of growth. The coefficient of heritability of eggs mass (h2) for mothers was 0.701 (P<0.001) and for fathers 0.389 (P<0.01). Thus, it is possible to increase meat productivity without reducing the quality of eggs in meat-egg breeds of chickens by selecting incubation eggs of a larger mass.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139270656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-3-25-30
A. Petrova, E. Romanova, E. Vasileva
The aim of the study is to assess the breeding value of the breeding stock of Ayrshire cattle from 13 breeding farms in various regions of the Russian Federation using the BLUP Animal Model method.Materials and methods. The analyzed sample included data on 14,450 cows with a first calving date of 1987 – 2021, which were analyzed for identification errors and discrepancies in the dates of birth of parents and offspring. The forecast of the breeding value of cows based on milk productivity traits for 1 lactation was made using the best linear unbiased forecast method BLUP Animal Model using the RStudio program.Results. The dynamics of milk yield EBV values during the studied time period with different numbers of first calving cows was studied. EBV estimates varied not only depending on the level of absolute milk yield of first-calving cows, but also under the influence of factors such as reproduction, the number of herds being assessed, as well as management, by which herds differed.Conclusion. The assessment of breeding value using the BLUP AM method made it possible to reliably evaluate the studied array of animals of the Ayrshire breed breeding stock on farms in the Russian Federation. The best and worst producers in terms of milk yield were identified, taking into account the effects of various factors.
{"title":"Application of the BLUP Animal Model method in assessing the breeding value of the breeding stock of Ayrshire cattle","authors":"A. Petrova, E. Romanova, E. Vasileva","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-3-25-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-3-25-30","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to assess the breeding value of the breeding stock of Ayrshire cattle from 13 breeding farms in various regions of the Russian Federation using the BLUP Animal Model method.Materials and methods. The analyzed sample included data on 14,450 cows with a first calving date of 1987 – 2021, which were analyzed for identification errors and discrepancies in the dates of birth of parents and offspring. The forecast of the breeding value of cows based on milk productivity traits for 1 lactation was made using the best linear unbiased forecast method BLUP Animal Model using the RStudio program.Results. The dynamics of milk yield EBV values during the studied time period with different numbers of first calving cows was studied. EBV estimates varied not only depending on the level of absolute milk yield of first-calving cows, but also under the influence of factors such as reproduction, the number of herds being assessed, as well as management, by which herds differed.Conclusion. The assessment of breeding value using the BLUP AM method made it possible to reliably evaluate the studied array of animals of the Ayrshire breed breeding stock on farms in the Russian Federation. The best and worst producers in terms of milk yield were identified, taking into account the effects of various factors.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139271802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-3-5-12
E. Shedova, E. Tsyndrina
Production and cryopreservation of somatic cells (SCs) from valuable and endangered animals allows a preservation of genetic diversity and ensuring their future reproduction. The aim of present work was to isolate SCs from the ear of unique hybrid sheep (Ovis aries) and snow sheep (Ovis nivicola borealis) post-mortem. In this purpose, enzymatic and mechanical methods of tissue preparation were compared.Materials and Methods. Ears from deceased animal were brought to the laboratory 12 hours after the death in a pasture, and biological material was thoroughly washed under running water. The hairs were removed from the part of the ear shell by the blade. Skin fragments were treated with 70% ethyl alcohol, washed three times in a saline solution with antibiotics and ground up to small pieces. The ear pieces were washed several times in phosphate buffer saline and divided into two parts. One part of the explants started in vitro culture without enzymatic treatment (group 1), whereas another part was pre-treated with a 0.25% trypsin/EDTA solution. After trypsinization, either tissue fragments (group 2), or cell complexes separated from cell suspension fraction (group 3) were taken for in vitro culture for 9 days. Monitoring of cell colony formation and growth was carried out daily. Results. In the group 3, cell colonies were formed on the second day of in vitro culture. In groups 1 and 2, cell growth was observed from tissue fragments after five days regardless of the treatment. On the 9th day, all the groups produced the primary cultures, represented by two types of SCs. In general, single cell complexes from the group 3 formed cell growth zones more quickly than tissue explants from the groups 1 and 2, however, final cultures of SCs and their morphological aspects were no different between the groups. Conclusion. Methodological protocols were proposed and successfully used to obtain in vitro cultures of SCs from the ear of dead sheep/snow sheep hybrid animal, 12 hours post-mortem that may allow further storage of valuable genetic material.
{"title":"Obtaining a culture of somatic cells using tissue material from the ear of dead sheep/snow sheep hybrid","authors":"E. Shedova, E. Tsyndrina","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-3-5-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-3-5-12","url":null,"abstract":"Production and cryopreservation of somatic cells (SCs) from valuable and endangered animals allows a preservation of genetic diversity and ensuring their future reproduction. The aim of present work was to isolate SCs from the ear of unique hybrid sheep (Ovis aries) and snow sheep (Ovis nivicola borealis) post-mortem. In this purpose, enzymatic and mechanical methods of tissue preparation were compared.Materials and Methods. Ears from deceased animal were brought to the laboratory 12 hours after the death in a pasture, and biological material was thoroughly washed under running water. The hairs were removed from the part of the ear shell by the blade. Skin fragments were treated with 70% ethyl alcohol, washed three times in a saline solution with antibiotics and ground up to small pieces. The ear pieces were washed several times in phosphate buffer saline and divided into two parts. One part of the explants started in vitro culture without enzymatic treatment (group 1), whereas another part was pre-treated with a 0.25% trypsin/EDTA solution. After trypsinization, either tissue fragments (group 2), or cell complexes separated from cell suspension fraction (group 3) were taken for in vitro culture for 9 days. Monitoring of cell colony formation and growth was carried out daily. Results. In the group 3, cell colonies were formed on the second day of in vitro culture. In groups 1 and 2, cell growth was observed from tissue fragments after five days regardless of the treatment. On the 9th day, all the groups produced the primary cultures, represented by two types of SCs. In general, single cell complexes from the group 3 formed cell growth zones more quickly than tissue explants from the groups 1 and 2, however, final cultures of SCs and their morphological aspects were no different between the groups. Conclusion. Methodological protocols were proposed and successfully used to obtain in vitro cultures of SCs from the ear of dead sheep/snow sheep hybrid animal, 12 hours post-mortem that may allow further storage of valuable genetic material.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139277842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-3-13-24
E. Sleptsov, K. Plemyashov, G. Machakhtrov, V. Machakhtrova, M. Andreeva, Ya. Shadrina, L. Gavrilieva, I. Alfierov
Infusoria from the digestive tract of herbivorous mammals have been known to science for almost a century and a half. However, protozoans remain an understudied group of rumen dwellers in ruminants. In cattle, in a multi-chambered stomach, in addition to microorganisms (fungi and bacteria), there are a large number of protozoa (infusoria), which also participate in the digestive processes that support the vital activity of the body. Endobiontic infusoria take an active part in the digestion of complex carbohydrates, fiber, in the breakdown of indigestible polysaccharides, which are essential sources of energy for animals. In this regard, the study of the species and quantitative composition of the infusoria fauna of cattle bred in the Far North, as one of the factors of sustainable adaptation to extreme conditions, is of great scientific and practical interest.This article presents the results of a study of endobiontic infusoria of cattle breeds bred in Yakutia. A total of 36 species have been identified and described in 12 genera and 3 families. It was found that the genus Entodinium and the genus Isotricha were the most represented in the Yakut cattle, while the genus Entodinium and Euplodiniumin are in the crossbred and cultivated cattle. The smallest genus in all groups are Polyplastron and Metadinium.
{"title":"Diversity of the infusoria symbiofauna of cattle","authors":"E. Sleptsov, K. Plemyashov, G. Machakhtrov, V. Machakhtrova, M. Andreeva, Ya. Shadrina, L. Gavrilieva, I. Alfierov","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-3-13-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-3-13-24","url":null,"abstract":"Infusoria from the digestive tract of herbivorous mammals have been known to science for almost a century and a half. However, protozoans remain an understudied group of rumen dwellers in ruminants. In cattle, in a multi-chambered stomach, in addition to microorganisms (fungi and bacteria), there are a large number of protozoa (infusoria), which also participate in the digestive processes that support the vital activity of the body. Endobiontic infusoria take an active part in the digestion of complex carbohydrates, fiber, in the breakdown of indigestible polysaccharides, which are essential sources of energy for animals. In this regard, the study of the species and quantitative composition of the infusoria fauna of cattle bred in the Far North, as one of the factors of sustainable adaptation to extreme conditions, is of great scientific and practical interest.This article presents the results of a study of endobiontic infusoria of cattle breeds bred in Yakutia. A total of 36 species have been identified and described in 12 genera and 3 families. It was found that the genus Entodinium and the genus Isotricha were the most represented in the Yakut cattle, while the genus Entodinium and Euplodiniumin are in the crossbred and cultivated cattle. The smallest genus in all groups are Polyplastron and Metadinium.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"30 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139277340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-05DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-107-113
T. Ippolitova, E. Stepura
Purpose: to determine the values of the macruse index in the clinically healthy cows of the Jersey breed with different vegetative tones. Materials and methods. The characteristics of the ECG and the variability of the rhythm of the heart were learned in 103 goals of the Jersey breed. For the analysis and record of the Jersey cattle ECG, the Conan-4.5 program was used on the frontal diverting system according to the method of M. P. Roshchevsky. ECG was recorded two to three hours before eating. Clinical studies included palpation, percussion and auscultation in strict accordance with the methodology of clinical examination of animals according to B. V. The work was calculated in the work of the macrose index, it is the ratio of the duration of the tooth P to the duration of the PQ segment (the difference between the duration of the Ruz P and the PQ interval) or is the fraction of the time of the cardiopulse by atrium to the total time of the atrioventricular conduct Results. The obtained electrophysiological indicator of the Jersey breed cows - the macruse index in a state of relative rest, characterizes the normal functioning of cardiac activity, and when they change their pathological conditions. This indicator was 0,29-0,81, its change is associated with an increase in the time of atrioventricular conduction and the expansion of the P-Q interval as a result of this interval. On the ECG, the clinically healthy cows of the Jersey breed with the alleged initial vegetative tone of “Varoidony” the Macruse index was 0.29 ± 0.01. In this group, the parasympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system prevails. For healthy studied animals with the proposed initial vegetative tone of Normotonia, the macruse index was 0.38 ± 0.01. This group is characterized by the equilibrium state of homeostasis between CO and the autonomic nervous system. For animals with the alleged initial vegetative tone of the “sympathycotony”, the macruse index was 0,59±0,01. In this group, the vegetative balance takes place towards the sympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system. And for "hypercimpaticotonics" the macruse index was 0,81±0,01. In this group there is a “goature” of the sympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system.
目的:测定不同营养色调泽西品种临床健康奶牛的宏观指标。材料和方法。在103个泽西品种的目标中了解了心电图的特征和心脏节律的变异性。为了对泽西牛的心电图进行分析和记录，根据罗什彻夫斯基的方法，在正面分流系统上使用柯南-4.5程序。进食前2 - 3小时记录心电图。临床研究包括触诊,叩诊和听诊的方法严格按照临床检查动物根据b . v . macrose的工作是计算指数,它是牙齿的持续时间比P PQ段的持续时间(区别鲁兹P和PQ间隔的持续时间)的分数或者是时间的cardiopulse心房房室的总时间行为的结果。所获得的泽西奶牛在相对休息状态下的电生理指标——宏观指标，表征了心脏活动的正常功能，以及病理状态的变化。该指标为0,29-0,81，其变化与房室传导时间的增加以及由此导致的P-Q间期的扩大有关。在心电图上，临床健康的泽西品种奶牛，所谓的初始营养色调为“Varoidony”，其Macruse指数为0.29±0.01。在这一组中，自主神经系统的副交感神经系占主导地位。对于正常生长的健康动物，其宏观指数为0.38±0.01。这一组的特点是一氧化碳和自主神经系统之间的平衡状态。对于具有“交感神经”初始植物性张力的动物，宏观指数为0.59±0.01。在这个群体中，植物平衡发生在自主神经系统的交感部。“高渗型”的宏观指数为0.81±0.01。在这一组中，有一个自主神经系统交感部的“山羊”。
{"title":"Macruse index for assessing the functional state of the heart activity of the Jersey breed cows","authors":"T. Ippolitova, E. Stepura","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-107-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-107-113","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: to determine the values of the macruse index in the clinically healthy cows of the Jersey breed with different vegetative tones. Materials and methods. The characteristics of the ECG and the variability of the rhythm of the heart were learned in 103 goals of the Jersey breed. For the analysis and record of the Jersey cattle ECG, the Conan-4.5 program was used on the frontal diverting system according to the method of M. P. Roshchevsky. ECG was recorded two to three hours before eating. Clinical studies included palpation, percussion and auscultation in strict accordance with the methodology of clinical examination of animals according to B. V. The work was calculated in the work of the macrose index, it is the ratio of the duration of the tooth P to the duration of the PQ segment (the difference between the duration of the Ruz P and the PQ interval) or is the fraction of the time of the cardiopulse by atrium to the total time of the atrioventricular conduct Results. The obtained electrophysiological indicator of the Jersey breed cows - the macruse index in a state of relative rest, characterizes the normal functioning of cardiac activity, and when they change their pathological conditions. This indicator was 0,29-0,81, its change is associated with an increase in the time of atrioventricular conduction and the expansion of the P-Q interval as a result of this interval. On the ECG, the clinically healthy cows of the Jersey breed with the alleged initial vegetative tone of “Varoidony” the Macruse index was 0.29 ± 0.01. In this group, the parasympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system prevails. For healthy studied animals with the proposed initial vegetative tone of Normotonia, the macruse index was 0.38 ± 0.01. This group is characterized by the equilibrium state of homeostasis between CO and the autonomic nervous system. For animals with the alleged initial vegetative tone of the “sympathycotony”, the macruse index was 0,59±0,01. In this group, the vegetative balance takes place towards the sympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system. And for \"hypercimpaticotonics\" the macruse index was 0,81±0,01. In this group there is a “goature” of the sympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system. ","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129034127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-05DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-114-116
T. Ippolitova, A. Lukashin
Purpose: assessment of vegetative tone in clinically healthy dogs in the absence of irritants. Materials and methods. Studies were conducted in a group of 11 clinically healthy dogs, a breed of husky with a live weight of 19 to 25 kg. ECG recording was conducted on the Conan hardware and software complex. By the method of variational heart rate measurement, an assessment of vegetative tone was carried out. The ECG was recorded first standing, then by the classical method on the right side for 5 minutes, in I, II, III leads; the data obtained were processed by mathematical and statistical methods Results. Differences in vegetative tone were distributed as follows: 1 individual (9%) was a versympathotonic, the value of the IN range of 301-600 c.u.; 4 individuals (37 %); were normotonics, IN from 31-120 c.u.; 6 individuals (55%) were sympathotonic, IN in the range of 121-300. The method of determining the autonomic tone of an individual can be developed and applied to the qualitative selection of dogs with more stable psychophysiological parameters, where necessary. However, it is worth considering that this method should be supplemented with various additional tests and registration conditions, in order to develop a clear understanding of the correlation of variational heart rate measurement indicators with mental and emotional stability.
{"title":"Identification of features and assessment of the tone of vegetative regulation in dogs of the Husky breed, when registering an electrocardiogram by the method of variational heart rate measurement","authors":"T. Ippolitova, A. Lukashin","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-114-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-114-116","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: assessment of vegetative tone in clinically healthy dogs in the absence of irritants. Materials and methods. Studies were conducted in a group of 11 clinically healthy dogs, a breed of husky with a live weight of 19 to 25 kg. ECG recording was conducted on the Conan hardware and software complex. By the method of variational heart rate measurement, an assessment of vegetative tone was carried out. The ECG was recorded first standing, then by the classical method on the right side for 5 minutes, in I, II, III leads; the data obtained were processed by mathematical and statistical methods Results. Differences in vegetative tone were distributed as follows: 1 individual (9%) was a versympathotonic, the value of the IN range of 301-600 c.u.; 4 individuals (37 %); were normotonics, IN from 31-120 c.u.; 6 individuals (55%) were sympathotonic, IN in the range of 121-300. The method of determining the autonomic tone of an individual can be developed and applied to the qualitative selection of dogs with more stable psychophysiological parameters, where necessary. However, it is worth considering that this method should be supplemented with various additional tests and registration conditions, in order to develop a clear understanding of the correlation of variational heart rate measurement indicators with mental and emotional stability. ","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114259665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-05DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-97-106
O. Ivantsova, V. Maksimov, A. Deltsov, A. Frenk
Purpose: to study the effect of complex biologically active additives based on a protein hydrolyzate together with an iron-containing preparation on the metabolism of lactating goats of the Saanen breed according to the physiological and biochemical status of blood and the physicochemical properties of milk from animals grown in an industrial complex. Materials and methods. In the experiment, 45 Saanen goats were used, of which 15 goats were combined into the control group, 30 equally divided into two experimental groups. Experimental animals in addition to the standard diet received a biological supplement based on protein hydrolyzate, 40 ml/day. and iron-containing preparation "Bio-iron with trace elements" 10 ml / day. An experimental group of 15 heads received the drug "Abiotonic", another group of 15 heads - "Abiopeptide" (hereinafter, the subgroups "ABT + BfM" and "ABP + BfM"). Animals received dietary supplements in the complex, according to the following scheme: 30 days with a break of 5 days after 10 and 20 days, i.e. In general, the experiment lasted 45 days. To assess the condition of the control and experimental goats, blood and milk were taken (before the start of the experiment and at the end of the experiment). Physiological and biochemical blood parameters of goats were determined, which characterize protein metabolism - the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein (OB), albumin (A), globulins and urea (M); lipid metabolism - the level of cholesterol (X) and triglycerides; carbohydrate metabolism - glucose level (G); energy metabolism - creatinine level (K); mineral metabolism - the level of phosphorus (P), chlorine (Cl) and iron (Fe). Milk was taken in the morning milking, examined for physical and chemical parameters: fat, protein, dry skimmed milk residue (SOMO), somatic cells and density. Results. It is shown that the use of these dietary supplements in lactating goats affects the physiological and biochemical status of blood and the physicochemical properties of milk. It is noted that the beneficial properties of additives are aimed at enhancing the catabolic processes of the body of goats, they are most effective in combination with vitamins and microelements, contributing to an increase in productivity while maintaining the internal reserves of the body. It should also be noted the effectiveness of the iron-containing preparation "Bio-iron with microelements", used in feeding lactating goats.
{"title":"Changes in the metabolism of lactating goats of the Saanen breed under the influence of stimulating BAS","authors":"O. Ivantsova, V. Maksimov, A. Deltsov, A. Frenk","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-97-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-97-106","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: to study the effect of complex biologically active additives based on a protein hydrolyzate together with an iron-containing preparation on the metabolism of lactating goats of the Saanen breed according to the physiological and biochemical status of blood and the physicochemical properties of milk from animals grown in an industrial complex. Materials and methods. In the experiment, 45 Saanen goats were used, of which 15 goats were combined into the control group, 30 equally divided into two experimental groups. Experimental animals in addition to the standard diet received a biological supplement based on protein hydrolyzate, 40 ml/day. and iron-containing preparation \"Bio-iron with trace elements\" 10 ml / day. An experimental group of 15 heads received the drug \"Abiotonic\", another group of 15 heads - \"Abiopeptide\" (hereinafter, the subgroups \"ABT + BfM\" and \"ABP + BfM\"). Animals received dietary supplements in the complex, according to the following scheme: 30 days with a break of 5 days after 10 and 20 days, i.e. In general, the experiment lasted 45 days. To assess the condition of the control and experimental goats, blood and milk were taken (before the start of the experiment and at the end of the experiment). Physiological and biochemical blood parameters of goats were determined, which characterize protein metabolism - the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein (OB), albumin (A), globulins and urea (M); lipid metabolism - the level of cholesterol (X) and triglycerides; carbohydrate metabolism - glucose level (G); energy metabolism - creatinine level (K); mineral metabolism - the level of phosphorus (P), chlorine (Cl) and iron (Fe). Milk was taken in the morning milking, examined for physical and chemical parameters: fat, protein, dry skimmed milk residue (SOMO), somatic cells and density. Results. It is shown that the use of these dietary supplements in lactating goats affects the physiological and biochemical status of blood and the physicochemical properties of milk. It is noted that the beneficial properties of additives are aimed at enhancing the catabolic processes of the body of goats, they are most effective in combination with vitamins and microelements, contributing to an increase in productivity while maintaining the internal reserves of the body. It should also be noted the effectiveness of the iron-containing preparation \"Bio-iron with microelements\", used in feeding lactating goats.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128222538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-5-13
Эрнста, Российская Федерация, Московская область, Городской, округ Подольск, Дубровицы, Астраханский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет, город Астрахань
Purpose: comparative characterization of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) microsatellite loci described in the scientific literature and identification of the most promising of them.Materials and methods. Electronic libraries and databases: https://elibrary.ru/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/.Results. A search and analysis of scientific publications on the polymorphism of STR loci in sterlet was carried out. Descriptions of 45 microsatellite markers tested for testing sterlet have been found in the scientific literature. Their polymorphism is compared.Conclusion. An analysis of the literature data made it possible to identify 45 STR markers tested for work with sterlet. A comparison was made of the key characteristics of the polymorphism of these loci, among which conservative and polymorphic ones were identified.
{"title":"Characterization of microsatellite loci and their polymorphism in the aquaculture sterlet (Acipencer ruthenus)","authors":"Эрнста, Российская Федерация, Московская область, Городской, округ Подольск, Дубровицы, Астраханский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет, город Астрахань","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-5-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-5-13","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: comparative characterization of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) microsatellite loci described in the scientific literature and identification of the most promising of them.Materials and methods. Electronic libraries and databases: https://elibrary.ru/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/.Results. A search and analysis of scientific publications on the polymorphism of STR loci in sterlet was carried out. Descriptions of 45 microsatellite markers tested for testing sterlet have been found in the scientific literature. Their polymorphism is compared.Conclusion. An analysis of the literature data made it possible to identify 45 STR markers tested for work with sterlet. A comparison was made of the key characteristics of the polymorphism of these loci, among which conservative and polymorphic ones were identified.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"270 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131473207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-20-27
Y. Berezina, M. Koshurnikova, O. Bespyatykh, A. Syutkina, A. Kokorina, I. Okulova, I. Plotnikov, I. Domsky, K. Berezin
Purpose: assessment of the dynamics of the growth of the red fox in the process of its ontogenetic development.Materials and methods. The article describes and analyzes the body weight and linear body measurements of females and males of the red fox of the Ognivka Vyatskaya type in postnatal ontogenesis. The research was carried out in the Vyatka farm (Kirov region). The animals were kept in the same conditions, fed in accordance with age and physiological condition. Linear measurements and weighting were performed at 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 months of age. Growth indicators were fox body weight, body length, snout, head and tail, girth and height of the chest, snout width, length and girth of the front and hind legs.Results. As a result of the studies, periods of intensive puppy growth were identified. The maximum increase in body weight and linear measurements is observed from 3 to 4 months of age, when intensive growth and development of the animal organism is observed. Throughout the study, the coefficient of body weight variation (CV) was maximal compared to linear body measurements and ranged from 6% in 3-month-old puppies to 17% in 6-month-old animals, which makes it possible to consider body weight as an individual indicator of puppy development. All linear measurements at all study timelines had a coefficient of variation (CV) below 10% (ranged from 1 to 8%), that is, one can judge the weak degree of variability of the studied features. Also, during all study periods, sexual dimorphism is visible, males significantly exceeded the size and body weight of females in all studied parameters (p < 0.005).Conclusion. The dynamics of the growth and development of red fox puppies of the Ognivka Vyatskaya type were revealed. Age-related changes in the exterior parameters of young red foxes have been studied.
{"title":"Growth rate of red fox puppies of Vyatka fire type","authors":"Y. Berezina, M. Koshurnikova, O. Bespyatykh, A. Syutkina, A. Kokorina, I. Okulova, I. Plotnikov, I. Domsky, K. Berezin","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-20-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-20-27","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: assessment of the dynamics of the growth of the red fox in the process of its ontogenetic development.Materials and methods. The article describes and analyzes the body weight and linear body measurements of females and males of the red fox of the Ognivka Vyatskaya type in postnatal ontogenesis. The research was carried out in the Vyatka farm (Kirov region). The animals were kept in the same conditions, fed in accordance with age and physiological condition. Linear measurements and weighting were performed at 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 months of age. Growth indicators were fox body weight, body length, snout, head and tail, girth and height of the chest, snout width, length and girth of the front and hind legs.Results. As a result of the studies, periods of intensive puppy growth were identified. The maximum increase in body weight and linear measurements is observed from 3 to 4 months of age, when intensive growth and development of the animal organism is observed. Throughout the study, the coefficient of body weight variation (CV) was maximal compared to linear body measurements and ranged from 6% in 3-month-old puppies to 17% in 6-month-old animals, which makes it possible to consider body weight as an individual indicator of puppy development. All linear measurements at all study timelines had a coefficient of variation (CV) below 10% (ranged from 1 to 8%), that is, one can judge the weak degree of variability of the studied features. Also, during all study periods, sexual dimorphism is visible, males significantly exceeded the size and body weight of females in all studied parameters (p < 0.005).Conclusion. The dynamics of the growth and development of red fox puppies of the Ognivka Vyatskaya type were revealed. Age-related changes in the exterior parameters of young red foxes have been studied.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128580251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-55-61
G. Bryzgalov, L. Ignatovich
The purpose of the work is to study the dynamics of the live weight of reindeer of the Chukchi breed in a number of generations and in connection with the range.Matherials and methods.For comparative analysis, the live weight of slaughter deer was taken, calculated as the arithmetic mean for 10 years. The study used zootechnical information from the annual reports of reindeer farms in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug for 1974-1983 and 2009-2018.Results. 9 generations, the average live weight of females (females over 2 years old) in the whole breed changed from 90.4 kg to 92.7 kg (102.5%); adult bulls - from 118.7 kg to 123 kg (103.6%); bulls - from 77.4 kg to 80 kg (103.3%); 5-6 month old calves - from 50 to 51.8 kg (103.6%). Analysis of the data shows that the live weight of deer of the Chukchi breed is a relatively stable phenotypic trait over time. In favorable natural and climatic conditions, the live weight of deer can exceed the average annual figures by 10-11 kg, or 11.6%, which characterizes the genetic and breeding potential of the Chukchi breed. Interpopulation crossings of deer lead to a significant increase in live weight. Significant differences in the level of average live weight were found in deer populations from areas of the range that differ in ecological conditions. In reindeer herding farms whose pastures go to the Bering Sea (southern regions of the range), the live weight of the reindeer is 9-10 kg (10.4%) more in comparison with analogues grazing on the coast of the seas of the Arctic Ocean. To level the negative impact of the external environment, deer need compensatory feeding with protein-mineral mixtures in the winter-spring period.
这项工作的目的是研究楚科奇驯鹿品种在几代内的活重动态及其与范围的关系。材料和方法。为了进行对比分析，取屠宰鹿的活重，取10年的算术平均值。该研究使用了楚科奇自治区1974-1983年和2009-2018年驯鹿养殖场年度报告中的动物技术信息。第9代，全品种雌性(2岁以上)平均活重由90.4 kg变化为92.7 kg (102.5%);成年公牛-从118.7公斤增加到123公斤(103.6%);公牛-从77.4公斤增加到80公斤(103.3%);5-6个月犊牛- 50 - 51.8公斤(103.6%)。数据分析表明楚科奇品种鹿的活重是一个相对稳定的表型性状。在良好的自然和气候条件下，鹿的活重可超过年平均体重10-11公斤，或11.6%，这是楚科奇品种遗传和繁殖潜力的特点。鹿的种群间杂交导致活重显著增加。在生态条件不同的地区，鹿群的平均活重水平存在显著差异。在牧场靠近白令海(山脉南部地区)的驯鹿养殖场，驯鹿的活重比在北冰洋沿岸放牧的驯鹿多9-10公斤(10.4%)。为了消除外部环境的负面影响，鹿在冬春季节需要补饲蛋白质-矿物质混合物。
{"title":"Variability of the live weight of reindeer of the Chukota breed (Rangifer Tarandus L.)","authors":"G. Bryzgalov, L. Ignatovich","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-55-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-55-61","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work is to study the dynamics of the live weight of reindeer of the Chukchi breed in a number of generations and in connection with the range.Matherials and methods.For comparative analysis, the live weight of slaughter deer was taken, calculated as the arithmetic mean for 10 years. The study used zootechnical information from the annual reports of reindeer farms in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug for 1974-1983 and 2009-2018.Results. 9 generations, the average live weight of females (females over 2 years old) in the whole breed changed from 90.4 kg to 92.7 kg (102.5%); adult bulls - from 118.7 kg to 123 kg (103.6%); bulls - from 77.4 kg to 80 kg (103.3%); 5-6 month old calves - from 50 to 51.8 kg (103.6%). Analysis of the data shows that the live weight of deer of the Chukchi breed is a relatively stable phenotypic trait over time. In favorable natural and climatic conditions, the live weight of deer can exceed the average annual figures by 10-11 kg, or 11.6%, which characterizes the genetic and breeding potential of the Chukchi breed. Interpopulation crossings of deer lead to a significant increase in live weight. Significant differences in the level of average live weight were found in deer populations from areas of the range that differ in ecological conditions. In reindeer herding farms whose pastures go to the Bering Sea (southern regions of the range), the live weight of the reindeer is 9-10 kg (10.4%) more in comparison with analogues grazing on the coast of the seas of the Arctic Ocean. To level the negative impact of the external environment, deer need compensatory feeding with protein-mineral mixtures in the winter-spring period.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127937240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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