Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-28-35
E. Romanova, O. Tulinova
An assessment of the Estimation Breeding Value (EBV) of Ayrshire first-calving cows was carried out using the BLUP Animal Model, followed by the modeling of breeding indices and the calculation of weight coefficients, taking into account the segmentation of animal groups by breeding regions. As a result of the assessment of breeding value, differences were established for certain economically useful traits in the studied populations of first-calving cows. In the group of cows from the Republic of Karelia (KRL), estimates for milk yield for 305 days (MY) were +263 kg, fat yield (FAT) +9.2 kg, protein yield (PROT) +8.7 kg. Animals from the Leningrad region (LO) had the most desirable reproduction scores: days open (DO) and Intercalving period (ICP) were at the level of -0.15 and +0.08 days, respectively. The fertility index (FI) turned out to be at the level of +0.19, yielding in value only to first-calving cows from the KRL, whose estimates were +0.31. A negative genetic relationship between MY and the percentage of fat and protein (rg = -0.100, rg = -0.096) and a low phenotypic relationship (rp = +0.013, rp = +0.168, respectively), were revealed. The phenotypic correlation of MY with live weight at 10 months (W10) was +0.351, which is higher compared to other signs of development. The heritability coefficients of developmental indicators, such as W10, live weight at the first insemination (W1INS) and after the first calving (W1C) had insignificant differences between themselves and amounted to: 0.17, 0.20 and 0.18, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic and genetic correlation coefficients and heritability coefficients of the studied traits, on average for the population, a general index was used, and taking into account differences in regions, regional indices were developed. The main difference between the presented indices is the values of weight coefficients. In the Republic of Komi, in comparison with other regions, MY for 305 days (+54.94) and FI (+0.90) take more weight, in the Siberian Federal District (SFO) - FAT (+12.98), in the Southern Federal District (SFO) - PROT (+26.9), and in the index for the LO - the indicator W10 (+0.50). The values of weight coefficients for W10 differ between regions not only in terms of values, but also in direction. According to this indicator, negative weighting coefficients were noted in the Vologda (-0.30), Kirov regions (-0.10) and the Southern Federal Districts (-0.10). In the KRL, there is a greater need to work with the reproductive qualities of animals, as indicated by the weight coefficient for the fertility index equal to +0.25.
{"title":"Construction of regional breeding indices for cows of the Ayrshire population of the Russian Federation","authors":"E. Romanova, O. Tulinova","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-28-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-28-35","url":null,"abstract":"An assessment of the Estimation Breeding Value (EBV) of Ayrshire first-calving cows was carried out using the BLUP Animal Model, followed by the modeling of breeding indices and the calculation of weight coefficients, taking into account the segmentation of animal groups by breeding regions. As a result of the assessment of breeding value, differences were established for certain economically useful traits in the studied populations of first-calving cows. In the group of cows from the Republic of Karelia (KRL), estimates for milk yield for 305 days (MY) were +263 kg, fat yield (FAT) +9.2 kg, protein yield (PROT) +8.7 kg. Animals from the Leningrad region (LO) had the most desirable reproduction scores: days open (DO) and Intercalving period (ICP) were at the level of -0.15 and +0.08 days, respectively. The fertility index (FI) turned out to be at the level of +0.19, yielding in value only to first-calving cows from the KRL, whose estimates were +0.31. A negative genetic relationship between MY and the percentage of fat and protein (rg = -0.100, rg = -0.096) and a low phenotypic relationship (rp = +0.013, rp = +0.168, respectively), were revealed. The phenotypic correlation of MY with live weight at 10 months (W10) was +0.351, which is higher compared to other signs of development. The heritability coefficients of developmental indicators, such as W10, live weight at the first insemination (W1INS) and after the first calving (W1C) had insignificant differences between themselves and amounted to: 0.17, 0.20 and 0.18, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic and genetic correlation coefficients and heritability coefficients of the studied traits, on average for the population, a general index was used, and taking into account differences in regions, regional indices were developed. The main difference between the presented indices is the values of weight coefficients. In the Republic of Komi, in comparison with other regions, MY for 305 days (+54.94) and FI (+0.90) take more weight, in the Siberian Federal District (SFO) - FAT (+12.98), in the Southern Federal District (SFO) - PROT (+26.9), and in the index for the LO - the indicator W10 (+0.50). The values of weight coefficients for W10 differ between regions not only in terms of values, but also in direction. According to this indicator, negative weighting coefficients were noted in the Vologda (-0.30), Kirov regions (-0.10) and the Southern Federal Districts (-0.10). In the KRL, there is a greater need to work with the reproductive qualities of animals, as indicated by the weight coefficient for the fertility index equal to +0.25.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132063015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-85-97
O. Shatalina, A. Yaryshkin, O. Leshonok
Purpose: to study the allelofund of blood groups of cattle of different breeds.Materials and methods. 3117 Holstein cows of the black-and-white breed were studied, 848 cows of the Simmental breed, 555 cows of the Hereford breed and 172 cows of the Aberdeen-Angus breed. Blood groups were determined using a hemolysis reaction using mono-specific serum reagents, a suspension of erythrocytes and rabbit complement. Blood groups consist of alleles – a set of antigens inherited concatenated. In total, 12 systems are isolated in the blood groups of cattle. In this study, the EAV system is used, since it has the greatest variety of alternatives.Results. It was revealed that the allelofund of the Holstein black-and-white breed is represented by 44 alleles, the Simmental breed – 87 alleles, the Geford breed - 53 alleles, the Aberdeen Angus breed – 38 alleles. The most common alleles of blood groups of cattle of Holstein black-and–white breed are G2Y2'E'1Q' and I2, Simmental breed – Q', Hereford breed – b and Y1D'I', Aberdeen-Angus breed O1Q'. The frequency of occurrence of these alleles exceeds 6% and in some cases reaches 44%. It should be noted that the most common alleles of breeds remain in the leading positions in frequency of occurrence over time and are not replaced by other alleles. It is also established that in each breed there are specific alleles inherent only to it, which can be called markers of the breed. So, in the Holstein black-and–white breed, these are the alleles O1Y1G'G" and O3J'2K'O', in the Simmental – D'E'3G'I' and D'G'I'Q', in the Hereford – Y1D'I' and I2Y2G'G", in the Aberdeen-Angus – P1Y1 E'3P'2Q'G".
目的:研究不同品种牛血型的等位基因。材料和方法。研究对象包括3117头黑白荷斯坦奶牛、848头西蒙塔尔奶牛、555头赫里福德奶牛和172头阿伯丁-安格斯奶牛。采用单特异性血清试剂、红细胞悬浮液和兔补体溶血反应测定血型。血型是由等位基因组成的，等位基因是一组遗传的抗原。在牛的血型中总共分离出12种系统。在本研究中，EAV系统被使用，因为它有最多的选择。结果显示，荷斯泰因黑白品种的等位基因有44个，西蒙塔尔品种有87个，格福德品种有53个，阿伯丁安格斯品种有38个等位基因。荷斯坦黑白品种牛的血型中最常见的等位基因是g2y2e '1Q'和I2，西蒙塔尔品种- Q'，赫里福德品种- b和Y1D' i '，阿伯丁-安格斯品种O1Q'。这些等位基因的出现频率超过6%，在某些情况下达到44%。值得注意的是，品种中最常见的等位基因在出现频率上一直处于领先地位，不会被其他等位基因所取代。还确定，在每个品种中都有特定的等位基因，这些等位基因仅固有于该品种，可称为该品种的标记。因此，在荷尔斯坦的黑白品种中，这些等位基因是O1Y1G' g '和O3J'2K' o '，在西蒙塔尔- D' 3G' i '和D' g ' i ' q '，在赫里福德- Y1D' i '和I2Y2G' g "，在阿伯丁-安格斯- p1y1e '3P'2Q' g "。
{"title":"Distinctive features of the allelofund of blood groups of various breeds of cattle","authors":"O. Shatalina, A. Yaryshkin, O. Leshonok","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-85-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-85-97","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: to study the allelofund of blood groups of cattle of different breeds.Materials and methods. 3117 Holstein cows of the black-and-white breed were studied, 848 cows of the Simmental breed, 555 cows of the Hereford breed and 172 cows of the Aberdeen-Angus breed. Blood groups were determined using a hemolysis reaction using mono-specific serum reagents, a suspension of erythrocytes and rabbit complement. Blood groups consist of alleles – a set of antigens inherited concatenated. In total, 12 systems are isolated in the blood groups of cattle. In this study, the EAV system is used, since it has the greatest variety of alternatives.Results. It was revealed that the allelofund of the Holstein black-and-white breed is represented by 44 alleles, the Simmental breed – 87 alleles, the Geford breed - 53 alleles, the Aberdeen Angus breed – 38 alleles. The most common alleles of blood groups of cattle of Holstein black-and–white breed are G2Y2'E'1Q' and I2, Simmental breed – Q', Hereford breed – b and Y1D'I', Aberdeen-Angus breed O1Q'. The frequency of occurrence of these alleles exceeds 6% and in some cases reaches 44%. It should be noted that the most common alleles of breeds remain in the leading positions in frequency of occurrence over time and are not replaced by other alleles. It is also established that in each breed there are specific alleles inherent only to it, which can be called markers of the breed. So, in the Holstein black-and–white breed, these are the alleles O1Y1G'G\" and O3J'2K'O', in the Simmental – D'E'3G'I' and D'G'I'Q', in the Hereford – Y1D'I' and I2Y2G'G\", in the Aberdeen-Angus – P1Y1 E'3P'2Q'G\".","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127070809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-14-19
E. Nikitkina, A. Musidray, S. Bogdanova, A. Krutikova
Materials and methods. The semen of 53 bulls was collected at OJSC Nevskoe. A total of 110 bull semen samples were analyzed. Sperm quality was determined using Argus-CASA (ArgusSoft, Russia). Membrane integrity was determined by staining the samples with nigrosine-eosin dye (Diam, Russia) and a Motic BA 410 microscope. Spermatozoa respiration was determined using an Expert-001 instrument. The functional state of the energy system was assessed by the reaction of respiration to the addition of the uncoupler of respiration and phosphorylation, 2,4 dinitrophenol (2,4-DNF). DNA for genetic analysis was isolated from semen by the phenol-chloroform method. Sanger sequencing was performed on an Applied Biosystems 3500 Genetic Analyzer using commercial BigDye® Terminator v3.1 Sequencing Standard Kits (Applied Biosystems) according to the manufacturer's protocol.Results. Sperm quality were characterized by high individual variability. Thus, the volume of the ejaculate was from 2 to 15 ml, the concentration of spermatozoa was from 0.6 to 1.7 billion/ml, the total number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate was from 1.6 to 15 billion, and progressive motility was from 0 to 85%. Four SNPs were identified for the ESR1 gene. No significant associations of ESR1 gene polymorphism were found, except for a significant association of ESR1 665 G>C with spermatozoa concentration and the number of swollen acrosomes
{"title":"Search for associations of bull sperm quality with ESR1 gene polymorphism","authors":"E. Nikitkina, A. Musidray, S. Bogdanova, A. Krutikova","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-14-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-14-19","url":null,"abstract":"Materials and methods. The semen of 53 bulls was collected at OJSC Nevskoe. A total of 110 bull semen samples were analyzed. Sperm quality was determined using Argus-CASA (ArgusSoft, Russia). Membrane integrity was determined by staining the samples with nigrosine-eosin dye (Diam, Russia) and a Motic BA 410 microscope. Spermatozoa respiration was determined using an Expert-001 instrument. The functional state of the energy system was assessed by the reaction of respiration to the addition of the uncoupler of respiration and phosphorylation, 2,4 dinitrophenol (2,4-DNF). DNA for genetic analysis was isolated from semen by the phenol-chloroform method. Sanger sequencing was performed on an Applied Biosystems 3500 Genetic Analyzer using commercial BigDye® Terminator v3.1 Sequencing Standard Kits (Applied Biosystems) according to the manufacturer's protocol.Results. Sperm quality were characterized by high individual variability. Thus, the volume of the ejaculate was from 2 to 15 ml, the concentration of spermatozoa was from 0.6 to 1.7 billion/ml, the total number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate was from 1.6 to 15 billion, and progressive motility was from 0 to 85%. Four SNPs were identified for the ESR1 gene. No significant associations of ESR1 gene polymorphism were found, except for a significant association of ESR1 665 G>C with spermatozoa concentration and the number of swollen acrosomes","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121688098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-62-71
A. Gulov, N. Nagoyeva, K. Kugeiko, R. Enikeev, A. Shestakova, A. Brandorf
Honey bees are an important element of the ecological system. Today the state of the gene pool of honey bees is one of the main causes of the beekeeping crisis in the world. The quality of drone sperm is a significant factor for breeding productive bee colonies. Sperm concentration, motility, and viability of spermatozoa are an expression of sperm fertility. However, a full understanding of fertility can be obtained only by studying the morphology of spermatozoa. The purpose of this study was to describe the morphometric parameters and morphological characteristics of sperm heads of the Caucasian honey bee (A. mellifera caucasica), Bashkir honey bee (A. m. mellifera L.), of the Russian Far East honey bee (A. mellifera from far-eastern Russia) and Carnica honey bee (A. mellifera carnica) in order to determine standard features that could be used in further studies. Diff Quick staining was used to study the morphometric parameters of sperm heads. Sperm images were taken on each of the slides from a Canon 1300D digital cameras with an Altami-LUM 1 LED microscope using oil immersion at a magnification of 2000 × . Sperm images and morphometric parameters were studied using Altami Studio software version 3.5. The morphometric dimensions for area nucleus, perimeter nucleus, nucleus length and acrosome length were acquired for 200 images drone spermatozoa for each A. mellifera. Acquiring 200 images assures that a minimum of 150 properly measured sperm heads are analyses after improperly measured sperm heads are deleted from the analysis . The sperm cells were randomly selected for the morphometric analysis. A total of 573 spermatozoa were assessed with morphometric parameters of sperm heads. The results of the morphometric analysis of drone spermatozoa show individual differences between the spermatozoa dimensions in each group. Between the A. mellifera groups the differences are not statistically significant. In this study, the min and max values of the acrosome length 3.14-5.02 µm, and nucleus length 4.02 -5.9 µm, perimeter nucleus 10.4-13.4 µm, and area nucleus 3.4-6.73 µm2, of A. mellifera spermatozoa. The morphological analysis of the drone spermatozoa revealed the presence of various abnormalities of the head (including the acrosome) and flagellum of the spermatozoa.
蜜蜂是生态系统的重要组成部分。今天，蜜蜂基因库的状况是世界上养蜂危机的主要原因之一。雄蜂精子的质量是繁殖多产蜂群的重要因素。精子的浓度、活力和活力是精子生育能力的表现。然而，只有通过研究精子的形态才能对生育能力有充分的了解。本研究的目的是描述高加索蜜蜂(A. mellifera caucasica)、巴什基尔蜜蜂(A. m. mellifera L.)、俄罗斯远东蜜蜂(A. mellifera from Far eastern Russia)和卡尼卡蜜蜂(A. mellifera Carnica)精子头的形态计量参数和形态特征，以确定标准特征，为进一步研究提供依据。采用Diff快速染色法研究精子头的形态学参数。每张载玻片上的精子图像由佳能1300D数码相机和Altami-LUM 1 LED显微镜拍摄，使用油浸，放大倍数为2000倍。使用Altami Studio 3.5版软件对精子图像和形态计量参数进行研究。对每只蜜蜂的200幅精子图像进行了面积核、周核、核长和顶体长度的形态测量。获取200张图像，确保在从分析中删除不正确测量的精子头后，分析至少150个正确测量的精子头。随机选取精细胞进行形态计量学分析。用精子头形态计量学参数对573例精子进行了评估。雄蜂精子形态计量学分析结果显示各组精子尺寸存在个体差异。在蜜蜂类群之间差异无统计学意义。在本研究中，蜜蜂精子顶体长度的最小值为3.14 ~ 5.02µm，核长为4.02 ~ 5.9µm，周核为10.4 ~ 13.4µm，面积核为3.4 ~ 6.73µm2。对雄蜂精子的形态分析显示，精子的头部(包括顶体)和鞭毛存在各种异常。
{"title":"Morphometric and morphological analysis of the A. m. mellifera L. spermatozoa in Russia","authors":"A. Gulov, N. Nagoyeva, K. Kugeiko, R. Enikeev, A. Shestakova, A. Brandorf","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-62-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-62-71","url":null,"abstract":"Honey bees are an important element of the ecological system. Today the state of the gene pool of honey bees is one of the main causes of the beekeeping crisis in the world. The quality of drone sperm is a significant factor for breeding productive bee colonies. Sperm concentration, motility, and viability of spermatozoa are an expression of sperm fertility. However, a full understanding of fertility can be obtained only by studying the morphology of spermatozoa. The purpose of this study was to describe the morphometric parameters and morphological characteristics of sperm heads of the Caucasian honey bee (A. mellifera caucasica), Bashkir honey bee (A. m. mellifera L.), of the Russian Far East honey bee (A. mellifera from far-eastern Russia) and Carnica honey bee (A. mellifera carnica) in order to determine standard features that could be used in further studies. Diff Quick staining was used to study the morphometric parameters of sperm heads. Sperm images were taken on each of the slides from a Canon 1300D digital cameras with an Altami-LUM 1 LED microscope using oil immersion at a magnification of 2000 × . Sperm images and morphometric parameters were studied using Altami Studio software version 3.5. The morphometric dimensions for area nucleus, perimeter nucleus, nucleus length and acrosome length were acquired for 200 images drone spermatozoa for each A. mellifera. Acquiring 200 images assures that a minimum of 150 properly measured sperm heads are analyses after improperly measured sperm heads are deleted from the analysis . The sperm cells were randomly selected for the morphometric analysis. A total of 573 spermatozoa were assessed with morphometric parameters of sperm heads. The results of the morphometric analysis of drone spermatozoa show individual differences between the spermatozoa dimensions in each group. Between the A. mellifera groups the differences are not statistically significant. In this study, the min and max values of the acrosome length 3.14-5.02 µm, and nucleus length 4.02 -5.9 µm, perimeter nucleus 10.4-13.4 µm, and area nucleus 3.4-6.73 µm2, of A. mellifera spermatozoa. The morphological analysis of the drone spermatozoa revealed the presence of various abnormalities of the head (including the acrosome) and flagellum of the spermatozoa.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131486823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-36-47
O. Krasnova, I. Tletseruk, N. Konik, E. Gosteva, M. Ulimbashev
Purpose: make a comparative assessment of indicators of reproduction and productive longevity of cows of meat breeds.Materials and methods. The goal set in the study was studied using special scientific literature on the analyzed problem, the annual work on the tribal work in meat cattle breeding in the farms of the Russian Federation for 2021 (VNIILO), and periodicals.Results. The most common meat breeds on the territory of the Russian Federation – Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, Kalmyk and Kazakh white–headed - are characterized by significant differences in production use. Thus, representatives of the Aberdeen Angus breed differ from the listed breeds at an earlier age at the first insemination, and the most late-maturing ones were individuals of the Kalmyk breed (differences of 7 months). At the same time, cows of these breeds, unlike Hereford and Kazakh white-headed cows, were used in herds for a longer time (on average for 2.2-2.8 calving). According to the output of calves from 100 Kalmyk cows, only 71 heads were obtained, which is significantly lower than from the breeding stock of Hereford, Aberdeen Angus and Kazakh white–headed breeds - on average by 9-14 heads. Analysis of the yield of calves per 100 cows in the context of the most common breeds of beef cattle, low values of the indicator are observed in individuals of the Kalmyk breed, at the same time they are much higher in the types available in the breed – 77-91 heads. Of all the studied breeds and types of beef cattle of the Russian Federation, only individuals of the Aberdeen Angus breed, the Andrianovsky and Dmitrievsky types of the Hereford breed, the Zavolzhsky type of the Kazakh white–headed breed exceeded in both indicators - the age of retirement and the yield of calves per 100 cows – the average values for all meat breeds and types of the country.
{"title":"Production use of breeding stock of meat breeds of cattle (review)","authors":"O. Krasnova, I. Tletseruk, N. Konik, E. Gosteva, M. Ulimbashev","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-36-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-36-47","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: make a comparative assessment of indicators of reproduction and productive longevity of cows of meat breeds.Materials and methods. The goal set in the study was studied using special scientific literature on the analyzed problem, the annual work on the tribal work in meat cattle breeding in the farms of the Russian Federation for 2021 (VNIILO), and periodicals.Results. The most common meat breeds on the territory of the Russian Federation – Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, Kalmyk and Kazakh white–headed - are characterized by significant differences in production use. Thus, representatives of the Aberdeen Angus breed differ from the listed breeds at an earlier age at the first insemination, and the most late-maturing ones were individuals of the Kalmyk breed (differences of 7 months). At the same time, cows of these breeds, unlike Hereford and Kazakh white-headed cows, were used in herds for a longer time (on average for 2.2-2.8 calving). According to the output of calves from 100 Kalmyk cows, only 71 heads were obtained, which is significantly lower than from the breeding stock of Hereford, Aberdeen Angus and Kazakh white–headed breeds - on average by 9-14 heads. Analysis of the yield of calves per 100 cows in the context of the most common breeds of beef cattle, low values of the indicator are observed in individuals of the Kalmyk breed, at the same time they are much higher in the types available in the breed – 77-91 heads. Of all the studied breeds and types of beef cattle of the Russian Federation, only individuals of the Aberdeen Angus breed, the Andrianovsky and Dmitrievsky types of the Hereford breed, the Zavolzhsky type of the Kazakh white–headed breed exceeded in both indicators - the age of retirement and the yield of calves per 100 cows – the average values for all meat breeds and types of the country.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122696938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-72-77
R. Vasiliev
Purpose: the aim is to study the therapeutic efficacy of the macrolide group antibiotic tulatromycin and its effect on the immunological and cytological characteristics of vaginal secretions.Materials and methods. For the experiment, 2 groups of 8 animals each were formed. The first group - cows without clinical signs of vaginitis with a positive PCR test for Mycoplasma spp.; the second group - clinically healthy cows with a negative PCR test for Mycoplasma spp. The first group of cows, the group for the treatment of genital mycoplasmosis, used the antibiotic traksovet 100 (tulatromycin) at a dose of 2.5 mg per 1 kg of animal body weight, subcutaneously, once 40 days before the expected delivery. Vaginal secretions were collected from both groups of cows, in which the content of Ig G, Ig M, Ig A, sIg A, lysozyme activity and cytological examination of the vaginal smear were determined.Results. The use of tulatromycin in cows with genital mycoplasmosis leads to a decrease in the content of Ig M and sIg A in vaginal secretions, which reach the values of these indicators in healthy animals. A less pronounced positive effect is observed with respect to the activity of the vaginal secretion lysozyme, which, although significantly increased, remains lower than in healthy cows. Cytological examination of vaginal smears against the background of antibiotic therapy showed a significant decrease in the number of epithelium and leukocytes.Conclusion. The use of traksovet 100 antibiotic as etiotropic therapy for cows with genital mycoplasmosis leads to the elimination of the pathogen from the vaginal mucosa in 75 % of sick animals and provides partial restoration of cytological and immunological characteristics of vaginal secretions.
{"title":"Effect of antibiotic therapy of genital mycoplasmosis in pregnant cows on cytological and immunological characteristics of vaginal secretions","authors":"R. Vasiliev","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-72-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-72-77","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: the aim is to study the therapeutic efficacy of the macrolide group antibiotic tulatromycin and its effect on the immunological and cytological characteristics of vaginal secretions.Materials and methods. For the experiment, 2 groups of 8 animals each were formed. The first group - cows without clinical signs of vaginitis with a positive PCR test for Mycoplasma spp.; the second group - clinically healthy cows with a negative PCR test for Mycoplasma spp. The first group of cows, the group for the treatment of genital mycoplasmosis, used the antibiotic traksovet 100 (tulatromycin) at a dose of 2.5 mg per 1 kg of animal body weight, subcutaneously, once 40 days before the expected delivery. Vaginal secretions were collected from both groups of cows, in which the content of Ig G, Ig M, Ig A, sIg A, lysozyme activity and cytological examination of the vaginal smear were determined.Results. The use of tulatromycin in cows with genital mycoplasmosis leads to a decrease in the content of Ig M and sIg A in vaginal secretions, which reach the values of these indicators in healthy animals. A less pronounced positive effect is observed with respect to the activity of the vaginal secretion lysozyme, which, although significantly increased, remains lower than in healthy cows. Cytological examination of vaginal smears against the background of antibiotic therapy showed a significant decrease in the number of epithelium and leukocytes.Conclusion. The use of traksovet 100 antibiotic as etiotropic therapy for cows with genital mycoplasmosis leads to the elimination of the pathogen from the vaginal mucosa in 75 % of sick animals and provides partial restoration of cytological and immunological characteristics of vaginal secretions.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117163123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-47-54
A. Abilov, G. Andreev, M. Dunin
Purpose: the study of the breeding and genetic aspects of the bull-producers of the Kholmogorsk breed in the conditions of the Arkhangelsk region, taking into account their bloodiness in improving breeds (Golsteinskaya).Materials and methods. Individual reproductive abilities of bull-free bulls with the productivity of their daughters in comparison with peers, dairy productivity of ancestors on the maternal line (M-mother, ⅰ-ⅴ lactation), the mother of the father, and the mother’s mother were studied. A scientific analysis of the recreation cows of the Kholmogorsk breed of the Arkhangelsk population was carried out in order to establish the potential of the breed for further selection.Results. It was established that for bulls' bulls of blood, 30-39%, the effectiveness of one insemination is 52-57%, from the first insemination the effectiveness from these bulls was 35-47%. The resulting offspring, depending on the individuality of the bulls, is from 33 to 53% of females. However, the average indicator is almost 50x50 (51%♂ and 49%♀). It was established that the higher the blood producers in the producers in an improvement breed, the higher the dairy productivity, for example, the daughter of purebred bull-fingers, had dairy productivity of 3311 kg of milk for lactation, and with blood cells 63%-5281 kg of milk for lactation.At all levels, these indicators were higher than that of peers. Analytical indicators were recorded in terms of productivity by 1% fat content of milk. It should be noted that the parents of the manufacturing bulls for mothers had productive periods of operation of more than five lactations with a maximum productivity of more than 11,700 kg of milk with a fat content of 3.85%. This shows the level of potential of mothers of these bullshit. On average for the mother, the productive indicators of these bulls-manufacturers amounted to 10,400 kg of milk per year for one lactation. The productivity of MM and MO on average amounted to 7720 and 7401 kg of milk for lactation, respectively.It was found that the dairy productivity of the recreation cows of the Kholmogorsk breed of the Arkhangelsk population in the conditions of the Arkhangelsk region, from 13 cows, on average amounted to 12852 kg of milk, with variability of 12340-14859 kg. This indicates the breeding potential of this population, in addition, it should be noted that the milk productivity of the Kholmogorsk breed of cows with each new lactation increases with respect to previous lactations, even the mothers of these bullshit after ⅴ lactation remains at the highest level. For example, in a cow named phytom for ⅳ lactation, milk yield amounted to 14859 kg of milk with a fat content of 3.99 % and a protein of 2.99 %. For comparison, it can be noted that on average, the economic use of the Holstein cows in total is 2.5-2.8 lactations.
{"title":"Some characteristics of Kholmogory cattle in the conditions of the Arkhangelsk region","authors":"A. Abilov, G. Andreev, M. Dunin","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-47-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-47-54","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: the study of the breeding and genetic aspects of the bull-producers of the Kholmogorsk breed in the conditions of the Arkhangelsk region, taking into account their bloodiness in improving breeds (Golsteinskaya).Materials and methods. Individual reproductive abilities of bull-free bulls with the productivity of their daughters in comparison with peers, dairy productivity of ancestors on the maternal line (M-mother, ⅰ-ⅴ lactation), the mother of the father, and the mother’s mother were studied. A scientific analysis of the recreation cows of the Kholmogorsk breed of the Arkhangelsk population was carried out in order to establish the potential of the breed for further selection.Results. It was established that for bulls' bulls of blood, 30-39%, the effectiveness of one insemination is 52-57%, from the first insemination the effectiveness from these bulls was 35-47%. The resulting offspring, depending on the individuality of the bulls, is from 33 to 53% of females. However, the average indicator is almost 50x50 (51%♂ and 49%♀). It was established that the higher the blood producers in the producers in an improvement breed, the higher the dairy productivity, for example, the daughter of purebred bull-fingers, had dairy productivity of 3311 kg of milk for lactation, and with blood cells 63%-5281 kg of milk for lactation.At all levels, these indicators were higher than that of peers. Analytical indicators were recorded in terms of productivity by 1% fat content of milk. It should be noted that the parents of the manufacturing bulls for mothers had productive periods of operation of more than five lactations with a maximum productivity of more than 11,700 kg of milk with a fat content of 3.85%. This shows the level of potential of mothers of these bullshit. On average for the mother, the productive indicators of these bulls-manufacturers amounted to 10,400 kg of milk per year for one lactation. The productivity of MM and MO on average amounted to 7720 and 7401 kg of milk for lactation, respectively.It was found that the dairy productivity of the recreation cows of the Kholmogorsk breed of the Arkhangelsk population in the conditions of the Arkhangelsk region, from 13 cows, on average amounted to 12852 kg of milk, with variability of 12340-14859 kg. This indicates the breeding potential of this population, in addition, it should be noted that the milk productivity of the Kholmogorsk breed of cows with each new lactation increases with respect to previous lactations, even the mothers of these bullshit after ⅴ lactation remains at the highest level. For example, in a cow named phytom for ⅳ lactation, milk yield amounted to 14859 kg of milk with a fat content of 3.99 % and a protein of 2.99 %. For comparison, it can be noted that on average, the economic use of the Holstein cows in total is 2.5-2.8 lactations.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127915043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-78-84
O. Dushenina, L. Karpenko, S. Vasilyeva, M. Petrovskikh, T. Domnina
Purpose: to study the effect of the mineral feed additive «Helavit C» on hematological blood parameters.Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on male white laboratory rats of the Wistar line weighing 402-420 grams. «Helavit C» was used as a mineral feed additive. Animals were bled from the tail vein every two weeks five times and examined for the following parameters: hemoglobin, red blood cell count, color index, hematocrit, and erythrocyte indices were calculated. The hemoglobin content was determined by the photometric hemiglobin cyanide method. The number of formed elements was counted using a Goryaev's camera. The color index of blood and erythrocyte indices were calculated by the formulas. Hematocrit was determined using a special hematocrit centrifuge.Results. The results of the experiment showed that the feeding of mineral feed additive «Helavit C» in liquid form at a dose of 20 μl per head per day for 8-10 weeks led to a significant increase in hemoglobin concentration by 14.3-15.5%, erythrocyte concentration - by 12.3%, an increase in hematocrit by 13.9-14.0% and an average erythrocyte volume by 1.9%.Conclusion. The conducted studies indicate that the presence of iron, cobalt, zinc and copper in the composition of the mineral feed additive «Helavit C», their combined action contributes to an increase in the level of hemoglobin, the number of erythrocytes and an increase in the average volume of erythrocytes in laboratory rats. Due to the full consumption of microelements by experimental animals, their erythropoiesis improves, which directly affects the processes of oxidative metabolism, as well as the plastic metabolism of animals.
{"title":"Influence of mineral supplement \"Helavit C\" on hematological parameters in white laboratory rats","authors":"O. Dushenina, L. Karpenko, S. Vasilyeva, M. Petrovskikh, T. Domnina","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-78-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-2-78-84","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: to study the effect of the mineral feed additive «Helavit C» on hematological blood parameters.Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on male white laboratory rats of the Wistar line weighing 402-420 grams. «Helavit C» was used as a mineral feed additive. Animals were bled from the tail vein every two weeks five times and examined for the following parameters: hemoglobin, red blood cell count, color index, hematocrit, and erythrocyte indices were calculated. The hemoglobin content was determined by the photometric hemiglobin cyanide method. The number of formed elements was counted using a Goryaev's camera. The color index of blood and erythrocyte indices were calculated by the formulas. Hematocrit was determined using a special hematocrit centrifuge.Results. The results of the experiment showed that the feeding of mineral feed additive «Helavit C» in liquid form at a dose of 20 μl per head per day for 8-10 weeks led to a significant increase in hemoglobin concentration by 14.3-15.5%, erythrocyte concentration - by 12.3%, an increase in hematocrit by 13.9-14.0% and an average erythrocyte volume by 1.9%.Conclusion. The conducted studies indicate that the presence of iron, cobalt, zinc and copper in the composition of the mineral feed additive «Helavit C», their combined action contributes to an increase in the level of hemoglobin, the number of erythrocytes and an increase in the average volume of erythrocytes in laboratory rats. Due to the full consumption of microelements by experimental animals, their erythropoiesis improves, which directly affects the processes of oxidative metabolism, as well as the plastic metabolism of animals.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127525231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-18DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-1-89-95
V. Semenova, A. Shushakova, M. Ivanovskaya, E. Korochkina
During sperm cryopxation, sperm damage occurs due to osmotic stress, which entails deviations into the DNA and deformation of the tail of a sperm. To minimize destructive changes in cells, antioxidants or cryoprotective media supplemented with nutrient components are used. Numerous studies have established that the use of mesenchymal stem cells and their secret increases the percentage of viable and mobile sperm. Also, many of the soluble secretory factors of mesenchymal stem cells can be in extracellular vesicles and act as mediators of many paracrine actions of mesenchymal stem cells. They play the role of vehicles to displace unwanted cellular proteins, but the data of different authors demonstrated their potential role in many biological processes, including contribution to cell regeneration, survival and change in the phenotype of reici cells. The attachment or internalization of microseusiculi in target cells causes a wide range of epigenetic and phenotypic changes in recipient cells, such as a change in the viability of recipient cells, their adhesive properties and sensitivity or resistance to certain environmental factors. Spermeatozoa using microseusicals can be considered as an effective biological approach to maintaining and improving the quality of sperm, in the future, it can improve their viability and progressive mobility after cryopenservation. The wide therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells and biologically active substances secreted by them requires further research to include sperm freezing in the protocols in order to overcome existing restrictions related to their use, and to clarify the exact mechanisms of their action. Further experiments, in particular in vivo, are necessary to confirm the actual clinical effects of these chemicals on the fertilizing ability of a spermatozoa. Thus, in this review, the issue of conducted studies in the field of use of mesenchymal stem cells and the substances they secrete during cryoponservation of animal sperm was covered.
{"title":"The influence of mesenchymal stem cells and its derivatives on the qualitative indicators of animal sperm before and after cryoponservation (review)","authors":"V. Semenova, A. Shushakova, M. Ivanovskaya, E. Korochkina","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-1-89-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-1-89-95","url":null,"abstract":"During sperm cryopxation, sperm damage occurs due to osmotic stress, which entails deviations into the DNA and deformation of the tail of a sperm. To minimize destructive changes in cells, antioxidants or cryoprotective media supplemented with nutrient components are used. Numerous studies have established that the use of mesenchymal stem cells and their secret increases the percentage of viable and mobile sperm. Also, many of the soluble secretory factors of mesenchymal stem cells can be in extracellular vesicles and act as mediators of many paracrine actions of mesenchymal stem cells. They play the role of vehicles to displace unwanted cellular proteins, but the data of different authors demonstrated their potential role in many biological processes, including contribution to cell regeneration, survival and change in the phenotype of reici cells. The attachment or internalization of microseusiculi in target cells causes a wide range of epigenetic and phenotypic changes in recipient cells, such as a change in the viability of recipient cells, their adhesive properties and sensitivity or resistance to certain environmental factors. Spermeatozoa using microseusicals can be considered as an effective biological approach to maintaining and improving the quality of sperm, in the future, it can improve their viability and progressive mobility after cryopenservation. The wide therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells and biologically active substances secreted by them requires further research to include sperm freezing in the protocols in order to overcome existing restrictions related to their use, and to clarify the exact mechanisms of their action. Further experiments, in particular in vivo, are necessary to confirm the actual clinical effects of these chemicals on the fertilizing ability of a spermatozoa. Thus, in this review, the issue of conducted studies in the field of use of mesenchymal stem cells and the substances they secrete during cryoponservation of animal sperm was covered.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125444279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-18DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-1-52-64
M. Ulimbashev, E. Gosteva, O. Krasnova, N. Konik, I. Tletseruk
The purpose is to monitor the number and analyze the condition of the main breeds of cattle of meat productivity, bred on the territory of the Russian Federation. Currently, in Russia, mainly Aberdeen-Angus and Hereford breeds are being bred from meat-producing breeds, and from domestic breeds – Kalmyk and Kazakh white-headed, as a rule, in the southern territories and it is ineffective in terms of their meat qualities, although the genetic potential is quite high, but without updating the gene pool, attempts to improve the productivity of our breeds of cattle, will be in vain.Methods. The methodological basis of the study is the methods of systematization, logical and comparative statistical analysis. The information base of the research is the official materials of yearbooks in breeding work in beef cattle breeding (VNIIplem), periodicals.Results. The breeding zone of the Kazakh white–headed breed includes a continuous strip along the southern territories of our country - from the Volga to the Amur region, including bordering areas with the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as foothill and mountain provinces of Central Asian countries. The distribution area of the Kalmyk breed is quite extensive and covers the southeastern territories of the country - from the North Caucasus regions to Eastern Siberia. It should be noted that the trend of reducing the number of domestic meat breeds as a result of the introduction of a foreign gene pool into our country, where the conditions of keeping and feeding for imported imported cattle, as a rule, do not correspond to the full realization of productive qualities, and therefore, the adaptation process proceeds strenuously and leads to the loss of the industry. It seems more rational to introduce the world's genetic resources to improve economically useful qualities and improve the inherent genetic potential of domestic livestock, including through industrial crossing. In this regard, the Kazakh white-headed breed is quite competitive in relation to many imported breeds, and given its adaptive qualities, it should occupy its niche among other specialized meat breeds in the market of beef producers.
{"title":"Condition of meat breed resources of cattle in Russia (review)","authors":"M. Ulimbashev, E. Gosteva, O. Krasnova, N. Konik, I. Tletseruk","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-1-52-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-1-52-64","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose is to monitor the number and analyze the condition of the main breeds of cattle of meat productivity, bred on the territory of the Russian Federation. Currently, in Russia, mainly Aberdeen-Angus and Hereford breeds are being bred from meat-producing breeds, and from domestic breeds – Kalmyk and Kazakh white-headed, as a rule, in the southern territories and it is ineffective in terms of their meat qualities, although the genetic potential is quite high, but without updating the gene pool, attempts to improve the productivity of our breeds of cattle, will be in vain.Methods. The methodological basis of the study is the methods of systematization, logical and comparative statistical analysis. The information base of the research is the official materials of yearbooks in breeding work in beef cattle breeding (VNIIplem), periodicals.Results. The breeding zone of the Kazakh white–headed breed includes a continuous strip along the southern territories of our country - from the Volga to the Amur region, including bordering areas with the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as foothill and mountain provinces of Central Asian countries. The distribution area of the Kalmyk breed is quite extensive and covers the southeastern territories of the country - from the North Caucasus regions to Eastern Siberia. It should be noted that the trend of reducing the number of domestic meat breeds as a result of the introduction of a foreign gene pool into our country, where the conditions of keeping and feeding for imported imported cattle, as a rule, do not correspond to the full realization of productive qualities, and therefore, the adaptation process proceeds strenuously and leads to the loss of the industry. It seems more rational to introduce the world's genetic resources to improve economically useful qualities and improve the inherent genetic potential of domestic livestock, including through industrial crossing. In this regard, the Kazakh white-headed breed is quite competitive in relation to many imported breeds, and given its adaptive qualities, it should occupy its niche among other specialized meat breeds in the market of beef producers.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117197217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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