Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2024-1-5-17
N. Churbakova, V. Kharzinova, O. Koshkina, V. Volkova
Purpose: to summarise the results of the genetic diversity studies of the European bison (Bison bonasus) using microsatellite analysis method.Materials and methods. NCBIs PubMed Database (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU (https://elibrary.ru/).Results. Many studies have been devoted to the maintenance of genetic diversity of the European bison. To date, most studies in the field based on evaluation of pedigree data and on the use of nuclear and mitochondrial markers. Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure, control inbreeding level of captive-bred groups is one of the main tasks in the conservation and reproduction of rare species. This is due to the fact that in such groups there is a decrease in genetic variability, which affects the adaptation and survival of individuals reintroduced to the wild. The first genetic studies of wisent began with the analysis of blood groups in the 1960s. With the discovery of DNA structure and the development of methods for determining its variability, the study of protein polymorphism was replaced by the analysis of the nucleotide sequence in a DNA molecule. Microsatellites, single-nucleotide polymorphisms and mitochondrial DNA have become widespread in studies of the genetic structure of wisent. One of the important criteria for DNA markers, is to reduce the cost of analysis and availability for routine use. In this regard, in our study, we paid more attention to a more cost-effective method, which is the analysis of microsatellite loci. A total of 48 microsatellite loci were successfully amplified for the European bison population. The multiplex panels of microsatellite markers developed for cattle (Bos taurus) were mainly used. At the same time, the spectrum and number of loci in the studies of different authors were not the same. The only exception was the BM1824 locus, which was used by almost all research teams. The number of alleles per locus varied from 1 to 6. Most of the loci considered are characterised by a low number of alleles, which makes it difficult to assess the actual indicator of the level of inbreeding in the European bison populations. In this connection, it is necessary to search for new, previously unexplored, highly polymorphic loci for estimating the genetic diversity of wisent, which will allow not only a more detailed description of the current state of genetic diversity, the level of genomic inbreeding, but also an assessment of the degree of lineage differentiation, and will help to identify the presence of hybridisation with the North American bison (Bison bison bison) and the cattle (Bos taurus).
目的:总结使用微卫星分析方法对欧洲野牛(Bison bonasus)进行遗传多样性研究的结果。美国国家生物信息局 PubMed 数据库 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) 和科学电子图书馆 eLIBRARY.RU (https://elibrary.ru/)。结果。许多研究都致力于维护欧洲野牛的遗传多样性。迄今为止,该领域的大多数研究都是基于对血统数据的评估以及对核标记和线粒体标记的使用。评估遗传多样性和种群结构、控制人工饲养群体的近亲繁殖水平是保护和繁殖稀有物种的主要任务之一。这是因为在这类群体中,遗传变异性会降低,从而影响重新引入野外的个体的适应性和存活率。最早的猕猴遗传研究始于 20 世纪 60 年代的血型分析。随着 DNA 结构的发现和确定其变异性方法的发展,蛋白质多态性的研究被 DNA 分子中核苷酸序列的分析所取代。微卫星、单核苷酸多态性和线粒体 DNA 已广泛应用于智人遗传结构的研究。DNA 标记的一个重要标准是降低分析成本和日常使用的可用性。在这方面,我们在研究中更关注一种更具成本效益的方法,即微卫星位点分析。我们成功扩增了欧洲野牛种群的 48 个微卫星位点。主要使用了为牛(Bos taurus)开发的多重微卫星标记板。同时,不同作者研究中的位点谱系和数量也不尽相同。唯一的例外是 BM1824 位点,几乎所有研究小组都使用了该位点。每个位点的等位基因数从 1 到 6 不等。所考虑的大多数位点的等位基因数量较少,因此很难评估欧洲野牛种群近亲繁殖水平的实际指标。因此,有必要寻找新的、以前未探索过的、多态性高的位点来估计野牛的遗传多样性,这样不仅可以更详细地描述遗传多样性的现状、基因组近亲繁殖的程度,还可以评估血统分化的程度,并有助于确定是否存在与北美野牛(Bison bison)和牛(Bos taurus)杂交的情况。
{"title":"Application of microsatellite analysis in genetic studies of the European (Bison bonasus)","authors":"N. Churbakova, V. Kharzinova, O. Koshkina, V. Volkova","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2024-1-5-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2024-1-5-17","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: to summarise the results of the genetic diversity studies of the European bison (Bison bonasus) using microsatellite analysis method.Materials and methods. NCBIs PubMed Database (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU (https://elibrary.ru/).Results. Many studies have been devoted to the maintenance of genetic diversity of the European bison. To date, most studies in the field based on evaluation of pedigree data and on the use of nuclear and mitochondrial markers. Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure, control inbreeding level of captive-bred groups is one of the main tasks in the conservation and reproduction of rare species. This is due to the fact that in such groups there is a decrease in genetic variability, which affects the adaptation and survival of individuals reintroduced to the wild. The first genetic studies of wisent began with the analysis of blood groups in the 1960s. With the discovery of DNA structure and the development of methods for determining its variability, the study of protein polymorphism was replaced by the analysis of the nucleotide sequence in a DNA molecule. Microsatellites, single-nucleotide polymorphisms and mitochondrial DNA have become widespread in studies of the genetic structure of wisent. One of the important criteria for DNA markers, is to reduce the cost of analysis and availability for routine use. In this regard, in our study, we paid more attention to a more cost-effective method, which is the analysis of microsatellite loci. A total of 48 microsatellite loci were successfully amplified for the European bison population. The multiplex panels of microsatellite markers developed for cattle (Bos taurus) were mainly used. At the same time, the spectrum and number of loci in the studies of different authors were not the same. The only exception was the BM1824 locus, which was used by almost all research teams. The number of alleles per locus varied from 1 to 6. Most of the loci considered are characterised by a low number of alleles, which makes it difficult to assess the actual indicator of the level of inbreeding in the European bison populations. In this connection, it is necessary to search for new, previously unexplored, highly polymorphic loci for estimating the genetic diversity of wisent, which will allow not only a more detailed description of the current state of genetic diversity, the level of genomic inbreeding, but also an assessment of the degree of lineage differentiation, and will help to identify the presence of hybridisation with the North American bison (Bison bison bison) and the cattle (Bos taurus).","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"48 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141381796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-100-105
М. Pavlova, N. Bogolyubova, V. Romanov, О. Artemyeva
In the process of maintaining the metabolic processes of the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants, an important link is to ensure a complete feeding diet. The study of the use of betaine supplements in a form "protected" from the indirect effects of the microflora of the rumen showed positive dynamics in relation to the digestive processes, the microbial composition of the rumen and the intestines of sheep. In the conditions of the physiological yard of the Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L.K. Ernst conducted a physiological experiment on ramshanks of crossbreeds of the Romanov breed and katadins, aged 8-9 months, with chronic scar fistulas according to Basov (n=3). In the control period, the animals received the main diet, in the experimental 1 – the main diet + unprotected betaine at a dosage of 0.05 g / kg of live weight, in the 2nd experimental period a "protected" betaine supplement at a dosage of 0.05 g / kg of live weight. The duration of each period was 30 days. During the accounting period, average daily stool samples were taken according to the generally accepted method. To study cicatricial digestion, at the end of each period, samples of the contents were taken from animals through the fistula of the scar by Basov. As a result of the use of both the "protected" and native forms of betaine, the mass of microorganisms of the scar content became higher than in the control period. When the "protected" form of betaine was added to the diet of animals, the overall digestibility of feed nutrients tended to improve. In the 2nd experimental period, compared with the control, the level of bifidobacteria in the large intestine of sheep increased by 1.63 CFU/g, the level of pathogenic yeast fungi decreased several times.
{"title":"Digestive processes and microbiocenosis of intestinal contents in sheep when using a «protected» form of betaine in nutrition","authors":"М. Pavlova, N. Bogolyubova, V. Romanov, О. Artemyeva","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-100-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-100-105","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of maintaining the metabolic processes of the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants, an important link is to ensure a complete feeding diet. The study of the use of betaine supplements in a form \"protected\" from the indirect effects of the microflora of the rumen showed positive dynamics in relation to the digestive processes, the microbial composition of the rumen and the intestines of sheep. In the conditions of the physiological yard of the Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L.K. Ernst conducted a physiological experiment on ramshanks of crossbreeds of the Romanov breed and katadins, aged 8-9 months, with chronic scar fistulas according to Basov (n=3). In the control period, the animals received the main diet, in the experimental 1 – the main diet + unprotected betaine at a dosage of 0.05 g / kg of live weight, in the 2nd experimental period a \"protected\" betaine supplement at a dosage of 0.05 g / kg of live weight. The duration of each period was 30 days. During the accounting period, average daily stool samples were taken according to the generally accepted method. To study cicatricial digestion, at the end of each period, samples of the contents were taken from animals through the fistula of the scar by Basov. As a result of the use of both the \"protected\" and native forms of betaine, the mass of microorganisms of the scar content became higher than in the control period. When the \"protected\" form of betaine was added to the diet of animals, the overall digestibility of feed nutrients tended to improve. In the 2nd experimental period, compared with the control, the level of bifidobacteria in the large intestine of sheep increased by 1.63 CFU/g, the level of pathogenic yeast fungi decreased several times.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"204 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139629138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-106-112
Y. Silyukova, О. Stanishevskaya
The review reveals the current state of knowledge of the plasma membranes molecular composition of rooster spermatozoa and its role in maintaining the morphofunctional integrity of cells under low-temperature stress. The use of the method of cryopreservation of the semen in poultry breeding is still in the field of scientific development, since the level of fertility of the frozen-thawed semen is not high enough to be used for application in the commertial poultry flocks. When solving the problems of improving the quality of thawed roosters semen it is necessary to rely on the effectiveness of cryoprotective media, as well as to determine the most vulnerable organells of structure of the spermatozoa apparatus during freezing. Rooster spermatozoa are surrounded by a unique plasma membrane, which includes a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), sterols, a number of phospholipids, glycolipids, which play an important functional role in the interactions between spermatozoa and oocytes and affect their ability to fertilize. The study of the lipid composition of the cell plasma membranel and its dynamic state is necessary to identify the key factors of cell cryoresistance; the manifestation of their quantitative and qualitative changes may indicate a possible degradation occurring inside the cells under conditions of low-temperature stress. This review presents the results of studies proving the exceptional role of the lipid composition of spermatozoa membranes in the mechanisms of cell cryoresistance and the preservation of their morphofunctional usefulness under thermal stress.
{"title":"Problems of cryopreservation of male gametes of Gallus gallus domesticus – the role of membrane lipids (review)","authors":"Y. Silyukova, О. Stanishevskaya","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-106-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-106-112","url":null,"abstract":"The review reveals the current state of knowledge of the plasma membranes molecular composition of rooster spermatozoa and its role in maintaining the morphofunctional integrity of cells under low-temperature stress. The use of the method of cryopreservation of the semen in poultry breeding is still in the field of scientific development, since the level of fertility of the frozen-thawed semen is not high enough to be used for application in the commertial poultry flocks. When solving the problems of improving the quality of thawed roosters semen it is necessary to rely on the effectiveness of cryoprotective media, as well as to determine the most vulnerable organells of structure of the spermatozoa apparatus during freezing. Rooster spermatozoa are surrounded by a unique plasma membrane, which includes a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), sterols, a number of phospholipids, glycolipids, which play an important functional role in the interactions between spermatozoa and oocytes and affect their ability to fertilize. The study of the lipid composition of the cell plasma membranel and its dynamic state is necessary to identify the key factors of cell cryoresistance; the manifestation of their quantitative and qualitative changes may indicate a possible degradation occurring inside the cells under conditions of low-temperature stress. This review presents the results of studies proving the exceptional role of the lipid composition of spermatozoa membranes in the mechanisms of cell cryoresistance and the preservation of their morphofunctional usefulness under thermal stress.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"90 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139535568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-13-22
А. Lopukhov
Objective: to evaluate the nuclear maturation ability of pig oocytes in relation to the morphology of the surrounding cumulus cells, the duration of in vitro maturation (IVM) and the physiological status of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) donor animals.Materials and methods. СOCs collected from cycling (pubertal) and non-cycling (prepubertal) pigs ovaries were categorized according to the number of cumulus cell (CC) layers: COC I – more then 4, COC II – 3-4, COC III – 1-2 and СOC with granulosa cells (GCOC). Oocytes within COCs were matured during the first 22 h of culture in the TC-199 medium with 25 mM HEPES, 3.05 mM D-glucose, 0.91 mM sodium pyruvate, 0.57 mM cysteine, 0.4% BSA, 10% follicular fluid, 0.5 μg/mL FSH, 0.5 μg/mL LH and 50 μg/mL gentamicin sulfate and thereafter in medium of the same composition but without hormones. After 42, 44, 46, 48 hours of culture the maturation of oocytes of all categories and age groups was assessed by the sign of their release of the first polar body. Results. It was shown that at least 42 hours of in vitro culture of pubertal pig oocytes are required to ensure a high level of nuclear maturation. The duration of the in vitro maturation was found to be 44-48 hours for pre-pubertal pigs. Oocytes surrounded by 1-2 layers of CC, when cultured for less than 48 hours, are inferior in nuclear maturation to oocytes with a more multilayered cumulus. The presence of GC (granulosa cells) around COC retards retards the progression of nuclear maturation when cultured for less than 42 hours in prepubertal and 44 hours in pubertal gilts. Oocytes from cycling pigs reach peak maturation earlier than those from non-cycling gilts and can be used in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Conclusions. It was concluded that both morphology of the surrounding cumulus cells and physiologic status of COC donor animals should be considered when choosing the duration of pig oocytes culture for the purpose of their in vitro maturation.
目的:评估猪卵母细胞核成熟能力与周围积层细胞形态、体外成熟(IVM)持续时间和积层-卵母细胞复合体(COCs)供体动物生理状态的关系。从周期性(青春期)和非周期性(青春期前)猪卵巢采集的СOCs根据积层细胞(CC)层数进行分类:COC I - 4层以上,COC II - 3-4层,COC III - 1-2层,СOC含颗粒细胞(GCOC)。COC内的卵母细胞在TC-199培养基(25毫摩尔HEPES、3.05毫摩尔D-葡萄糖、0.91毫摩尔丙酮酸钠、0.57毫摩尔半胱氨酸、0.4%BSA、10%卵泡液、0.5微克/毫升FSH、0.5微克/毫升LH和50微克/毫升硫酸庆大霉素)中培养22小时后成熟,然后在相同成分但不含激素的培养基中培养。在培养 42、44、46 和 48 小时后,根据卵母细胞释放第一个极体的迹象来评估所有类别和年龄组卵母细胞的成熟度。结果显示结果表明,青春期猪卵母细胞体外培养至少需要 42 小时才能确保高水平的核成熟。对于青春期前的猪,体外成熟的持续时间为 44-48 小时。当培养时间少于 48 小时时,被 1-2 层 CC 包绕的卵母细胞的核成熟度低于多层积层的卵母细胞。当青春期前母猪的卵母细胞培养时间少于 42 小时和青春期母猪的卵母细胞培养时间少于 44 小时时,COC 周围的 GC(颗粒细胞)会延缓卵母细胞核成熟的进程。周期猪的卵母细胞比非周期后备母猪的卵母细胞更早达到成熟高峰,可用于辅助生殖技术(ART)。结论结论是,在选择猪卵母细胞体外成熟的培养时间时,应同时考虑周围积层细胞的形态和 COC 供体动物的生理状态。
{"title":"Effect of cumulus cells and duration of culture on nuclear maturation of oocytes of pubertal and pre-pubertal individuals from Sus scrofa domesticus","authors":"А. Lopukhov","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-13-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-13-22","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to evaluate the nuclear maturation ability of pig oocytes in relation to the morphology of the surrounding cumulus cells, the duration of in vitro maturation (IVM) and the physiological status of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) donor animals.Materials and methods. СOCs collected from cycling (pubertal) and non-cycling (prepubertal) pigs ovaries were categorized according to the number of cumulus cell (CC) layers: COC I – more then 4, COC II – 3-4, COC III – 1-2 and СOC with granulosa cells (GCOC). Oocytes within COCs were matured during the first 22 h of culture in the TC-199 medium with 25 mM HEPES, 3.05 mM D-glucose, 0.91 mM sodium pyruvate, 0.57 mM cysteine, 0.4% BSA, 10% follicular fluid, 0.5 μg/mL FSH, 0.5 μg/mL LH and 50 μg/mL gentamicin sulfate and thereafter in medium of the same composition but without hormones. After 42, 44, 46, 48 hours of culture the maturation of oocytes of all categories and age groups was assessed by the sign of their release of the first polar body. Results. It was shown that at least 42 hours of in vitro culture of pubertal pig oocytes are required to ensure a high level of nuclear maturation. The duration of the in vitro maturation was found to be 44-48 hours for pre-pubertal pigs. Oocytes surrounded by 1-2 layers of CC, when cultured for less than 48 hours, are inferior in nuclear maturation to oocytes with a more multilayered cumulus. The presence of GC (granulosa cells) around COC retards retards the progression of nuclear maturation when cultured for less than 42 hours in prepubertal and 44 hours in pubertal gilts. Oocytes from cycling pigs reach peak maturation earlier than those from non-cycling gilts and can be used in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Conclusions. It was concluded that both morphology of the surrounding cumulus cells and physiologic status of COC donor animals should be considered when choosing the duration of pig oocytes culture for the purpose of their in vitro maturation.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"227 S719","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139628757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-39-44
L. Kokolova, L. Gavrilyeva, Е. Sleptsov, Е. Pribylykh
In this article, the content of micro- macroelements in dry and juicy feeds is studied to increase the productivity of animals and it is essential to take measures to prevent diseases caused by a deficiency of macro-microelements in the diet of animals. To increase productivity, it is essential to prevent diseases caused by a deficiency of minerals in the diet of animals. In Yakutia, where cattle breeding and horse breeding are engaged, animal diseases associated with impaired metabolic processes in the body are widespread. Macro-microelements, which are important for the animal body, must be in the necessary quantities and constantly. In the body, they are involved in the formation of biologically highly active substances, such as hormones, vitamins and enzymes. With a lack or excess of these trace elements in the soil, feed, water, specific metabolic diseases arise and develop in animals, leading to a decrease in productivity, reproduction and even death. The most common is endemic goiter caused by a lack of iodine, white muscle disease caused by a lack of selenium, anemia caused by a lack of iron, etc. Therefore, the authors of the article consider the deficiency of minerals, macro- and microelements in the diet of animals to be one of the most acute problems in modern animal husbandry in Yakutia.
{"title":"Assessment of the effect of mineral deficiency in the diet of animals","authors":"L. Kokolova, L. Gavrilyeva, Е. Sleptsov, Е. Pribylykh","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-39-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-39-44","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the content of micro- macroelements in dry and juicy feeds is studied to increase the productivity of animals and it is essential to take measures to prevent diseases caused by a deficiency of macro-microelements in the diet of animals. To increase productivity, it is essential to prevent diseases caused by a deficiency of minerals in the diet of animals. In Yakutia, where cattle breeding and horse breeding are engaged, animal diseases associated with impaired metabolic processes in the body are widespread. Macro-microelements, which are important for the animal body, must be in the necessary quantities and constantly. In the body, they are involved in the formation of biologically highly active substances, such as hormones, vitamins and enzymes. With a lack or excess of these trace elements in the soil, feed, water, specific metabolic diseases arise and develop in animals, leading to a decrease in productivity, reproduction and even death. The most common is endemic goiter caused by a lack of iodine, white muscle disease caused by a lack of selenium, anemia caused by a lack of iron, etc. Therefore, the authors of the article consider the deficiency of minerals, macro- and microelements in the diet of animals to be one of the most acute problems in modern animal husbandry in Yakutia.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139535385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-45-52
А. Shapkin, R. Ivanova
The critical population for the existence of the Taimyr population of wild reindeer has been established. The processing of the initial information about the population size was performed using the apparatus of mathematical biology. The main practical task is to identify the lower limits of abundance and the critical load for the population, after which the collapse of this commercial population will occur. Also, regression equations were calculated for the total livestock of the population, the reproductive core (mature females) and juveniles (calves of the year) at different time intervals of the economic use of the resources of this population - Soviet and post-Soviet. For the Soviet period of using the resources of the population in 1969-1990 the parameters of the equation look like: y = 21.867x + 316.77 thousand (R2 = 0.886, Ᾱ = 6, rxy= - 0.41, p<0.05). For adult females, the trend equation for this segment of the reproductive cycles: y = 5.157x + 73.879 thousand, (R2 = 0.836). The total number of the population did not decrease: the average realized reproduction in this segment of the biological cycles is 61 calves per 100 mature females. In the post-Soviet period 1990–2021 equation of the linear trend of the Taimyr population: y = - 36.96х + 624.51 thousand (R2 = 0.75, Ᾱ = 5.18, rxy = 0.46, р<0.05). Evaluation by the straight-line trend equation of the juvenile group (calves of the year) gives a negative calculated value of the linear regression equation within y = - 21.4x + 175.51 thousand. (R2 = 0.944, Ᾱ = 2.9, rxy = 0.98, p<0.01). Such facts unequivocally signal the excess of the optimal intensity of fishing, because there is a gradual decrease in recruitment. The estimated critical number of the Taimyr population is 88.77 thousand wild deer, the critical limit of the fishery with a similar number is the removal of 71.9 thousand individuals. From here, hypothetically, only 16.87 thousand heads remain from the Taimyr population, which will lead to the collapse of this biological population.The critical population for the existence of the Taimyr population of wild reindeer has been established. The processing of the initial information about the population size was performed using the apparatus of mathematical biology. The main practical task is to identify the lower limits of abundance and the critical load for the population, after which the collapse of this commercial population will occur. Also, regression equations were calculated for the total livestock of the population, the reproductive core (mature females) and juveniles (calves of the year) at different time intervals of the economic use of the resources of this population - Soviet and post-Soviet. For the Soviet period of using the resources of the population in 1969-1990 the parameters of the equation look like: y = 21.867x + 316.77 thousand (R2 = 0.886, Ᾱ = 6, rxy= - 0.41, p<0.05). For adult females, the trend equation for this segment of the reproductive cycles: y = 5.157x +
{"title":"On the critical abundance of the taimyr population of wild reindeer","authors":"А. Shapkin, R. Ivanova","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-45-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-45-52","url":null,"abstract":"The critical population for the existence of the Taimyr population of wild reindeer has been established. The processing of the initial information about the population size was performed using the apparatus of mathematical biology. The main practical task is to identify the lower limits of abundance and the critical load for the population, after which the collapse of this commercial population will occur. Also, regression equations were calculated for the total livestock of the population, the reproductive core (mature females) and juveniles (calves of the year) at different time intervals of the economic use of the resources of this population - Soviet and post-Soviet. For the Soviet period of using the resources of the population in 1969-1990 the parameters of the equation look like: y = 21.867x + 316.77 thousand (R2 = 0.886, Ᾱ = 6, rxy= - 0.41, p<0.05). For adult females, the trend equation for this segment of the reproductive cycles: y = 5.157x + 73.879 thousand, (R2 = 0.836). The total number of the population did not decrease: the average realized reproduction in this segment of the biological cycles is 61 calves per 100 mature females. In the post-Soviet period 1990–2021 equation of the linear trend of the Taimyr population: y = - 36.96х + 624.51 thousand (R2 = 0.75, Ᾱ = 5.18, rxy = 0.46, р<0.05). Evaluation by the straight-line trend equation of the juvenile group (calves of the year) gives a negative calculated value of the linear regression equation within y = - 21.4x + 175.51 thousand. (R2 = 0.944, Ᾱ = 2.9, rxy = 0.98, p<0.01). Such facts unequivocally signal the excess of the optimal intensity of fishing, because there is a gradual decrease in recruitment. The estimated critical number of the Taimyr population is 88.77 thousand wild deer, the critical limit of the fishery with a similar number is the removal of 71.9 thousand individuals. From here, hypothetically, only 16.87 thousand heads remain from the Taimyr population, which will lead to the collapse of this biological population.The critical population for the existence of the Taimyr population of wild reindeer has been established. The processing of the initial information about the population size was performed using the apparatus of mathematical biology. The main practical task is to identify the lower limits of abundance and the critical load for the population, after which the collapse of this commercial population will occur. Also, regression equations were calculated for the total livestock of the population, the reproductive core (mature females) and juveniles (calves of the year) at different time intervals of the economic use of the resources of this population - Soviet and post-Soviet. For the Soviet period of using the resources of the population in 1969-1990 the parameters of the equation look like: y = 21.867x + 316.77 thousand (R2 = 0.886, Ᾱ = 6, rxy= - 0.41, p<0.05). For adult females, the trend equation for this segment of the reproductive cycles: y = 5.157x +","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"64 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139535717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-127-134
М. Maksimova, Е. Korochkina
The aim of this work was the systematization and analysis of scientific data on cryoresistence of sperm of various types of animals and factors affecting the cryorezistivity of sperm. Sperm cryoresistence is the stability of sperm to the effects of low temperatures. Cryoresistence is evaluated according to the morphological characteristics of sperm, their activity and mobility after thawing, the integrity of the acrosomes, the plasma membrane and the degree of damage to chromatin. Cryoconservational is an important component of artificial insemination of animals, and knowledge about the cryorezistence of spermatozoa is the theoretical basis for the successful cryoponement of sperm. Based on the listed studies, cryoresistence has species features and depends on: the age of animals, pedigree features, season of the year, concentration of testosterone and prolactin in the blood, temperature and humidity index, as well as from cryoconservative protocols.
{"title":"Sperm cryoresistance of different animal species","authors":"М. Maksimova, Е. Korochkina","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-127-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-127-134","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was the systematization and analysis of scientific data on cryoresistence of sperm of various types of animals and factors affecting the cryorezistivity of sperm. Sperm cryoresistence is the stability of sperm to the effects of low temperatures. Cryoresistence is evaluated according to the morphological characteristics of sperm, their activity and mobility after thawing, the integrity of the acrosomes, the plasma membrane and the degree of damage to chromatin. Cryoconservational is an important component of artificial insemination of animals, and knowledge about the cryorezistence of spermatozoa is the theoretical basis for the successful cryoponement of sperm. Based on the listed studies, cryoresistence has species features and depends on: the age of animals, pedigree features, season of the year, concentration of testosterone and prolactin in the blood, temperature and humidity index, as well as from cryoconservative protocols.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"220 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139628762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-69-72
Е. Finageev, Т. Kuznetsova
Purpose: сomparing the effectiveness of the proposed protocols for the treatment of cows with acute postpartum endometritis and establishing the effectiveness and the terms of their subsequent insemination.Materials and methods. 47 Cows of the Holstein-Frisan breed, which are on the binding content, were examined. All these animals were provided with obstetric care. As a result of their clinical inspection, 16 goals with an acute form of postpartum endometritis were revealed. Of these animals, two groups of 8 goals formed in each on the principle of pairs of analogues. When making a diagnosis, anamnesis, clinical signs of the disease and the results of an ultrasound of the study were taken into account. The first group included animals whose treatment regimen included intrauterine administration of Tilocar and intramuscular Uteroton. In the second group of cows, a 0.5 % Novocaine solution was additionally injected intravenously, according to the instructions. Results. The study revealed that the animals in the second group recovered three days faster (11.13±0.39 days) than the first group (14.25±0.37 days). We used the odds ratio. The second group of cows, where an additional 0.5 % of the Novocaine solution was administered, was found to be 2.78 times more likely to become pregnant than those treated without it.
{"title":"Assessment of complex treatment schemes for cows with postpartum endometritis and the efficiency of their subsequent insemination","authors":"Е. Finageev, Т. Kuznetsova","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-69-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-69-72","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: сomparing the effectiveness of the proposed protocols for the treatment of cows with acute postpartum endometritis and establishing the effectiveness and the terms of their subsequent insemination.Materials and methods. 47 Cows of the Holstein-Frisan breed, which are on the binding content, were examined. All these animals were provided with obstetric care. As a result of their clinical inspection, 16 goals with an acute form of postpartum endometritis were revealed. Of these animals, two groups of 8 goals formed in each on the principle of pairs of analogues. When making a diagnosis, anamnesis, clinical signs of the disease and the results of an ultrasound of the study were taken into account. The first group included animals whose treatment regimen included intrauterine administration of Tilocar and intramuscular Uteroton. In the second group of cows, a 0.5 % Novocaine solution was additionally injected intravenously, according to the instructions. Results. The study revealed that the animals in the second group recovered three days faster (11.13±0.39 days) than the first group (14.25±0.37 days). We used the odds ratio. The second group of cows, where an additional 0.5 % of the Novocaine solution was administered, was found to be 2.78 times more likely to become pregnant than those treated without it.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"127 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139629062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-93-99
D. Kudukhova, V. Gappoeva, F. Tsogoeva, R. Temiraev, S. Kozyrev
In the last decade, a new promising direction to reduce the risk of T-2 toxicosis at domestic poultry enterprises has been the rational use of antioxidants in the formulation of compound feeds. The purpose of the research is to determine the effect of the antioxidants santoquin (santoquin) and vitamin E in the composition of feed based on wheat grain, sorghum and rapeseed meal with a tolerant level of T-2 toxin on the state of intermediate metabolism and anti-radical protection of the body of meat quails. We have substantiated new data on the advisability of jointly introducing the antioxidants santoquin at a dose of 150 g/t and vitamin E at a dose of 25 thousand IU/t of feed into the composition of feed based on wheat grain, sorghum and rapeseed meal with a tolerant level of T-2 toxin to optimize the meat quail hematopoietic function of the body. The tested antioxidants, when fed in combination, contributed to the improvement of protein, carbohydrate, lipid and mineral metabolism in quails of the 3rd experimental group. Due to the synergistic effect of antioxidants in the composition of diets, an increase in protective functions in the body of quails of the 3rd experimental group was noted due to an increase in lysozyme activity in blood samples by 3,00% (P>0,95) and bactericidal activity - by 8,30% (P>0,95) than in the control group. While ensuring better detoxification of T-2 toxin in comparison with control analogues, meat quails of the 3rd experimental group improved the antioxidant defense of the body due to an increase in the enzymatic activity of glutathione reductase in the blood by 25,34% (P>0,95), alkaline phosphatase - by 18,34% (P>0,95) with a parallel decrease in catalase activity - by 9,54% (P>0,95), the level of conjugated dienes - by 2,28 times (P>0,95) and malondialdehyde - by 1,33 times (P>0,95).
{"title":"Study of the state of intermediate metabolism and antiradical defense of the body of meat quail during the elimination of mycotoxin","authors":"D. Kudukhova, V. Gappoeva, F. Tsogoeva, R. Temiraev, S. Kozyrev","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-93-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-93-99","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, a new promising direction to reduce the risk of T-2 toxicosis at domestic poultry enterprises has been the rational use of antioxidants in the formulation of compound feeds. The purpose of the research is to determine the effect of the antioxidants santoquin (santoquin) and vitamin E in the composition of feed based on wheat grain, sorghum and rapeseed meal with a tolerant level of T-2 toxin on the state of intermediate metabolism and anti-radical protection of the body of meat quails. We have substantiated new data on the advisability of jointly introducing the antioxidants santoquin at a dose of 150 g/t and vitamin E at a dose of 25 thousand IU/t of feed into the composition of feed based on wheat grain, sorghum and rapeseed meal with a tolerant level of T-2 toxin to optimize the meat quail hematopoietic function of the body. The tested antioxidants, when fed in combination, contributed to the improvement of protein, carbohydrate, lipid and mineral metabolism in quails of the 3rd experimental group. Due to the synergistic effect of antioxidants in the composition of diets, an increase in protective functions in the body of quails of the 3rd experimental group was noted due to an increase in lysozyme activity in blood samples by 3,00% (P>0,95) and bactericidal activity - by 8,30% (P>0,95) than in the control group. While ensuring better detoxification of T-2 toxin in comparison with control analogues, meat quails of the 3rd experimental group improved the antioxidant defense of the body due to an increase in the enzymatic activity of glutathione reductase in the blood by 25,34% (P>0,95), alkaline phosphatase - by 18,34% (P>0,95) with a parallel decrease in catalase activity - by 9,54% (P>0,95), the level of conjugated dienes - by 2,28 times (P>0,95) and malondialdehyde - by 1,33 times (P>0,95).","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"71 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139535479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-64-68
V. Skorikov, V. Mikhalev
Purpose: to study the forms of clinical manifestation and features of the course of postpartum metritis of inflammatory diseases of the uterus in highly productive cows of different breeds with free-stall and traditional technologies of their operation. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time the distribution and forms of clinical manifestations of postpartum metritis in cows of different breeds were studied under free-stall and traditional housing technologies.Materials and methods. The degree of distribution, forms of clinical manifestation and features of the course of postpartum metritis in highly productive cows of different breeds (n = 5345) were studied using traditional and free-stall technologies of their operation. To study the above indicators, anamnestic and veterinary data were used. Clinical and obstetric examination was carried out using generally accepted methods: transrectal palpation and ultrasound sonography, in accordance with the “Methodological manual for the prevention of infertility in highly productive dairy cattle”.Results. As a result of the studies, it was found that obstetric pathology is registered on average in 71.3% of new-born animals. The most frequently affected animals were the Holstein breed with an annual milk yield of 7500-8500 kg. They were diagnosed with postpartum metritis in 78.0-86.4 % of cases of the number of calvings. In cows of the Simmental breed of domestic selection with tether housing technology and an annual milk yield of 4000 to 5300 kg, obstetric pathology was recorded much less frequently, in the range of 59.3-65.1%. In highly productive Holstein cows, severe forms of the inflammatory process most often developed: purulent-fibrinous - in 12.4 %, purulent-necrotic - in 13.2 %, gangrenous - in 1.1 %, postpartum sepsis - in 0.8 % of cases , whereas it was not diagnosed in animals with traditional exploitation technology. The more frequent manifestation of severe forms of this disease in highly productive animals may be associated with a decrease in the general nonspecific resistance of their body. In 65.7%, postpartum metritis occurred in an acute form, regardless of the breed and conditions of detention.
{"title":"Distribution, forms of clinical manifestation and features of postpartum metritis in high yielding cows of various breeds","authors":"V. Skorikov, V. Mikhalev","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-64-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-64-68","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: to study the forms of clinical manifestation and features of the course of postpartum metritis of inflammatory diseases of the uterus in highly productive cows of different breeds with free-stall and traditional technologies of their operation. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time the distribution and forms of clinical manifestations of postpartum metritis in cows of different breeds were studied under free-stall and traditional housing technologies.Materials and methods. The degree of distribution, forms of clinical manifestation and features of the course of postpartum metritis in highly productive cows of different breeds (n = 5345) were studied using traditional and free-stall technologies of their operation. To study the above indicators, anamnestic and veterinary data were used. Clinical and obstetric examination was carried out using generally accepted methods: transrectal palpation and ultrasound sonography, in accordance with the “Methodological manual for the prevention of infertility in highly productive dairy cattle”.Results. As a result of the studies, it was found that obstetric pathology is registered on average in 71.3% of new-born animals. The most frequently affected animals were the Holstein breed with an annual milk yield of 7500-8500 kg. They were diagnosed with postpartum metritis in 78.0-86.4 % of cases of the number of calvings. In cows of the Simmental breed of domestic selection with tether housing technology and an annual milk yield of 4000 to 5300 kg, obstetric pathology was recorded much less frequently, in the range of 59.3-65.1%. In highly productive Holstein cows, severe forms of the inflammatory process most often developed: purulent-fibrinous - in 12.4 %, purulent-necrotic - in 13.2 %, gangrenous - in 1.1 %, postpartum sepsis - in 0.8 % of cases , whereas it was not diagnosed in animals with traditional exploitation technology. The more frequent manifestation of severe forms of this disease in highly productive animals may be associated with a decrease in the general nonspecific resistance of their body. In 65.7%, postpartum metritis occurred in an acute form, regardless of the breed and conditions of detention.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"92 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139535439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}