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Application of microsatellite analysis in genetic studies of the European (Bison bonasus) 微卫星分析在欧洲野牛遗传研究中的应用
Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2024-1-5-17
N. Churbakova, V. Kharzinova, O. Koshkina, V. Volkova
Purpose: to summarise the results of the genetic diversity studies of the European bison (Bison bonasus) using microsatellite analysis method.Materials and methods. NCBIs PubMed Database (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU (https://elibrary.ru/).Results. Many studies have been devoted to the maintenance of genetic diversity of the European bison. To date, most studies in the field based on evaluation of pedigree data and on the use of nuclear and mitochondrial markers. Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure, control inbreeding level of captive-bred groups is one of the main tasks in the conservation and reproduction of rare species. This is due to the fact that in such groups there is a decrease in genetic variability, which affects the adaptation and survival of individuals reintroduced to the wild. The first genetic studies of wisent began with the analysis of blood groups in the 1960s. With the discovery of DNA structure and the development of methods for determining its variability, the study of protein polymorphism was replaced by the analysis of the nucleotide sequence in a DNA molecule. Microsatellites, single-nucleotide polymorphisms and mitochondrial DNA have become widespread in studies of the genetic structure of wisent. One of the important criteria for DNA markers, is to reduce the cost of analysis and availability for routine use. In this regard, in our study, we paid more attention to a more cost-effective method, which is the analysis of microsatellite loci. A total of 48 microsatellite loci were successfully amplified for the European bison population. The multiplex panels of microsatellite markers developed for cattle (Bos taurus) were mainly used. At the same time, the spectrum and number of loci in the studies of different authors were not the same. The only exception was the BM1824 locus, which was used by almost all research teams. The number of alleles per locus varied from 1 to 6. Most of the loci considered are characterised by a low number of alleles, which makes it difficult to assess the actual indicator of the level of inbreeding in the European bison populations. In this connection, it is necessary to search for new, previously unexplored, highly polymorphic loci for estimating the genetic diversity of wisent, which will allow not only a more detailed description of the current state of genetic diversity, the level of genomic inbreeding, but also an assessment of the degree of lineage differentiation, and will help to identify the presence of hybridisation with the North American bison (Bison bison bison) and the cattle (Bos taurus).
目的:总结使用微卫星分析方法对欧洲野牛(Bison bonasus)进行遗传多样性研究的结果。美国国家生物信息局 PubMed 数据库 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) 和科学电子图书馆 eLIBRARY.RU (https://elibrary.ru/)。结果。许多研究都致力于维护欧洲野牛的遗传多样性。迄今为止,该领域的大多数研究都是基于对血统数据的评估以及对核标记和线粒体标记的使用。评估遗传多样性和种群结构、控制人工饲养群体的近亲繁殖水平是保护和繁殖稀有物种的主要任务之一。这是因为在这类群体中,遗传变异性会降低,从而影响重新引入野外的个体的适应性和存活率。最早的猕猴遗传研究始于 20 世纪 60 年代的血型分析。随着 DNA 结构的发现和确定其变异性方法的发展,蛋白质多态性的研究被 DNA 分子中核苷酸序列的分析所取代。微卫星、单核苷酸多态性和线粒体 DNA 已广泛应用于智人遗传结构的研究。DNA 标记的一个重要标准是降低分析成本和日常使用的可用性。在这方面,我们在研究中更关注一种更具成本效益的方法,即微卫星位点分析。我们成功扩增了欧洲野牛种群的 48 个微卫星位点。主要使用了为牛(Bos taurus)开发的多重微卫星标记板。同时,不同作者研究中的位点谱系和数量也不尽相同。唯一的例外是 BM1824 位点,几乎所有研究小组都使用了该位点。每个位点的等位基因数从 1 到 6 不等。所考虑的大多数位点的等位基因数量较少,因此很难评估欧洲野牛种群近亲繁殖水平的实际指标。因此,有必要寻找新的、以前未探索过的、多态性高的位点来估计野牛的遗传多样性,这样不仅可以更详细地描述遗传多样性的现状、基因组近亲繁殖的程度,还可以评估血统分化的程度,并有助于确定是否存在与北美野牛(Bison bison)和牛(Bos taurus)杂交的情况。
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引用次数: 0
Digestive processes and microbiocenosis of intestinal contents in sheep when using a «protected» form of betaine in nutrition 在营养中使用 "保护 "型甜菜碱时羊的消化过程和肠道内容物的微生物变化
Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-100-105
М. Pavlova, N. Bogolyubova, V. Romanov, О. Artemyeva
In the process of maintaining the metabolic processes of the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants, an important link is to ensure a complete feeding diet. The study of the use of betaine supplements in a form "protected" from the indirect effects of the microflora of the rumen showed positive dynamics in relation to the digestive processes, the microbial composition of the rumen and the intestines of sheep. In the conditions of the physiological yard of the Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L.K. Ernst conducted a physiological experiment on ramshanks of crossbreeds of the Romanov breed and katadins, aged 8-9 months, with chronic scar fistulas according to Basov (n=3). In the control period, the animals received the main diet, in the experimental 1 – the main diet + unprotected betaine at a dosage of 0.05 g / kg of live weight, in the 2nd experimental period a "protected" betaine supplement at a dosage of 0.05 g / kg of live weight. The duration of each period was 30 days. During the accounting period, average daily stool samples were taken according to the generally accepted method. To study cicatricial digestion, at the end of each period, samples of the contents were taken from animals through the fistula of the scar by Basov. As a result of the use of both the "protected" and native forms of betaine, the mass of microorganisms of the scar content became higher than in the control period. When the "protected" form of betaine was added to the diet of animals, the overall digestibility of feed nutrients tended to improve. In the 2nd experimental period, compared with the control, the level of bifidobacteria in the large intestine of sheep increased by 1.63 CFU/g, the level of pathogenic yeast fungi decreased several times.
在维持反刍动物胃肠道代谢过程的过程中,一个重要环节是确保完整的饲粮。对使用 "保护 "形式的甜菜碱补充剂以避免瘤胃微生物菌群的间接影响的研究表明,甜菜碱对绵羊的消化过程、瘤胃和肠道的微生物组成具有积极的作用。在以科学院院士 L.K. Ernst 命名的联邦畜牧科学中心生理试验场的条件下,对年龄为 8-9 个月的罗曼诺夫品种和卡塔丁品种杂交绵羊进行了生理试验,这些绵羊根据巴索夫(n=3)的说法患有慢性疤痕瘘。在对照期,动物摄入主食;在实验 1 期,动物摄入主食 + 未受保护的甜菜碱,剂量为每公斤活重 0.05 克;在实验 2 期,动物摄入 "受保护的 "甜菜碱补充剂,剂量为每公斤活重 0.05 克。每个实验期为 30 天。在核算期间,按照公认的方法平均每天采集粪便样本。为了研究卡他性消化,在每个阶段结束时,通过巴索夫的疤痕瘘管从动物体内采集内容物样本。使用 "保护 "型和原生型甜菜碱的结果是,疤痕内容物中微生物的数量高于对照组。在动物日粮中添加 "保护 "型甜菜碱后,饲料养分的总体消化率趋于提高。在第 2 个实验期,与对照组相比,绵羊大肠中双歧杆菌的含量增加了 1.63 CFU/g,致病性酵母真菌的含量下降了数倍。
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引用次数: 0
Problems of cryopreservation of male gametes of Gallus gallus domesticus – the role of membrane lipids (review) 家鸡雄性配子的冷冻保存问题--膜脂的作用(综述)
Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-106-112
Y. Silyukova, О. Stanishevskaya
The review reveals the current state of knowledge of the plasma membranes molecular composition of rooster spermatozoa and its role in maintaining the morphofunctional integrity of cells under low-temperature stress.  The use of the method of cryopreservation of the semen in poultry breeding is still in the field of scientific development, since the level of fertility of the frozen-thawed semen is not high enough to be used for application in the commertial poultry flocks. When solving the problems of improving the quality of thawed roosters semen  it is necessary to rely on the effectiveness of cryoprotective media, as well as to determine the most vulnerable organells of structure of the spermatozoa apparatus during freezing. Rooster spermatozoa are surrounded by a unique plasma membrane, which includes a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), sterols, a number of phospholipids, glycolipids, which play an important functional role in the interactions between spermatozoa and oocytes and affect their ability to fertilize. The study of the lipid composition of the cell plasma membranel and its dynamic state is necessary to identify the key factors of cell cryoresistance; the manifestation of their quantitative and qualitative changes may indicate a possible degradation occurring inside the cells under conditions of low-temperature stress. This review presents the results of studies proving the exceptional role of the lipid composition of spermatozoa membranes in the mechanisms of cell cryoresistance and the preservation of their morphofunctional usefulness under thermal stress.
这篇综述揭示了公鸡精子质膜分子组成及其在低温胁迫下维持细胞形态功能完整性的作用的知识现状。 精液低温保存法在家禽育种中的应用仍处于科学发展阶段,因为冷冻解冻精液的受精率还不够高,不能用于商业化禽群。在解决提高解冻公鸡精液质量的问题时,有必要依靠低温保护介质的有效性,以及确定冷冻期间精子装置结构中最脆弱的细胞器。公鸡精子周围有一层独特的质膜,其中含有大量多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、甾醇、多种磷脂和糖脂,它们在精子与卵母细胞的相互作用中发挥着重要的功能作用,并影响精子的受精能力。对细胞质膜脂质组成及其动态状态的研究对于确定细胞抗低温性的关键因素是必要的;其定量和定性变化的表现可能表明在低温应激条件下细胞内部可能发生降解。本综述介绍了证明精子膜脂质成分在细胞抗低温机制中的特殊作用以及在热应力下保持其形态功能有用性的研究结果。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of cumulus cells and duration of culture on nuclear maturation of oocytes of pubertal and pre-pubertal individuals from Sus scrofa domesticus 积层细胞和培养时间对家养鼬青春期和青春期前个体卵母细胞核成熟的影响
Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-13-22
А. Lopukhov
Objective: to evaluate the nuclear maturation ability of pig oocytes in relation to the morphology of the surrounding cumulus cells, the duration of in vitro maturation (IVM) and the physiological status of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) donor animals.Materials and methods. СOCs collected from cycling (pubertal) and non-cycling (prepubertal) pigs ovaries were categorized according to the number of cumulus cell (CC) layers: COC I – more then 4, COC II – 3-4, COC III – 1-2 and СOC with granulosa cells (GCOC). Oocytes within COCs were matured during the first 22 h of culture in the TC-199 medium with 25 mM HEPES, 3.05 mM D-glucose, 0.91 mM sodium pyruvate, 0.57 mM cysteine, 0.4% BSA, 10% follicular fluid, 0.5 μg/mL FSH, 0.5 μg/mL LH and 50 μg/mL gentamicin sulfate and thereafter in medium of the same composition but without hormones. After 42, 44, 46, 48 hours of culture the maturation of oocytes of all categories and age groups was assessed by the sign of their release of the first polar body. Results. It was shown that at least 42 hours of in vitro culture of pubertal pig oocytes are required to ensure a high level of nuclear maturation. The duration of the in vitro maturation was found to be 44-48 hours for pre-pubertal pigs. Oocytes surrounded by 1-2 layers of CC, when cultured for less than 48 hours, are inferior in nuclear maturation to oocytes with a more multilayered cumulus. The presence of GC (granulosa cells) around COC retards retards the progression of nuclear maturation when cultured for less than 42 hours in prepubertal and 44 hours in pubertal gilts. Oocytes from cycling pigs reach peak maturation earlier than those from non-cycling gilts and can be used in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Conclusions. It was concluded that both morphology of the surrounding cumulus cells and physiologic status of COC donor animals should be considered when choosing the duration of pig oocytes culture for the purpose of their in vitro maturation.
目的:评估猪卵母细胞核成熟能力与周围积层细胞形态、体外成熟(IVM)持续时间和积层-卵母细胞复合体(COCs)供体动物生理状态的关系。从周期性(青春期)和非周期性(青春期前)猪卵巢采集的СOCs根据积层细胞(CC)层数进行分类:COC I - 4层以上,COC II - 3-4层,COC III - 1-2层,СOC含颗粒细胞(GCOC)。COC内的卵母细胞在TC-199培养基(25毫摩尔HEPES、3.05毫摩尔D-葡萄糖、0.91毫摩尔丙酮酸钠、0.57毫摩尔半胱氨酸、0.4%BSA、10%卵泡液、0.5微克/毫升FSH、0.5微克/毫升LH和50微克/毫升硫酸庆大霉素)中培养22小时后成熟,然后在相同成分但不含激素的培养基中培养。在培养 42、44、46 和 48 小时后,根据卵母细胞释放第一个极体的迹象来评估所有类别和年龄组卵母细胞的成熟度。结果显示结果表明,青春期猪卵母细胞体外培养至少需要 42 小时才能确保高水平的核成熟。对于青春期前的猪,体外成熟的持续时间为 44-48 小时。当培养时间少于 48 小时时,被 1-2 层 CC 包绕的卵母细胞的核成熟度低于多层积层的卵母细胞。当青春期前母猪的卵母细胞培养时间少于 42 小时和青春期母猪的卵母细胞培养时间少于 44 小时时,COC 周围的 GC(颗粒细胞)会延缓卵母细胞核成熟的进程。周期猪的卵母细胞比非周期后备母猪的卵母细胞更早达到成熟高峰,可用于辅助生殖技术(ART)。结论结论是,在选择猪卵母细胞体外成熟的培养时间时,应同时考虑周围积层细胞的形态和 COC 供体动物的生理状态。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of the effect of mineral deficiency in the diet of animals 评估动物饮食中矿物质缺乏的影响
Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-39-44
L. Kokolova, L. Gavrilyeva, Е. Sleptsov, Е. Pribylykh
In this article, the content of micro- macroelements in dry and juicy feeds is studied to increase the productivity of animals and it is essential to take measures to prevent diseases caused by a deficiency of macro-microelements in the diet of animals. To increase productivity, it is essential to prevent diseases caused by a deficiency of minerals in the diet of animals. In Yakutia, where cattle breeding and horse breeding are engaged, animal diseases associated with impaired metabolic processes in the body are widespread. Macro-microelements, which are important for the animal body, must be in the necessary quantities and constantly. In the body, they are involved in the formation of biologically highly active substances, such as hormones, vitamins and enzymes. With a lack or excess of these trace elements in the soil, feed, water, specific metabolic diseases arise and develop in animals, leading to a decrease in productivity, reproduction and even death. The most common is endemic goiter caused by a lack of iodine, white muscle disease caused by a lack of selenium, anemia caused by a lack of iron, etc. Therefore, the authors of the article consider the deficiency of minerals, macro- and microelements in the diet of animals to be one of the most acute problems in modern animal husbandry in Yakutia.
本文研究了干饲料和多汁饲料中的微量--宏量营养元素的含量,以提高动物的生产率,并且必须采取措施预防因动物日粮中缺乏宏量--微量营养元素而引起的疾病。为了提高生产率,必须预防因动物饮食中缺乏矿物质而引起的疾病。在养牛和养马的雅库特地区,与体内代谢过程受损有关的动物疾病非常普遍。对动物机体非常重要的宏量微量元素必须保持必要的数量。它们在体内参与形成生物活性很强的物质,如激素、维生素和酶。如果土壤、饲料、水中缺乏或过量这些微量元素,动物体内就会产生和发展特定的代谢疾病,导致生产力下降、繁殖力降低甚至死亡。最常见的是缺碘引起的地方性甲状腺肿、缺硒引起的白肌病、缺铁引起的贫血等。因此,文章作者认为,动物饮食中缺乏矿物质、宏量和微量元素是雅库特现代畜牧业中最严重的问题之一。
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引用次数: 0
On the critical abundance of the taimyr population of wild reindeer 野生驯鹿泰梅尔种群的临界数量
Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-45-52
А. Shapkin, R. Ivanova
The critical population for the existence of the Taimyr population of wild reindeer has been established. The processing of the initial information about the population size was performed using the apparatus of mathematical biology. The main practical task is to identify the lower limits of abundance and the critical load for the population, after which the collapse of this commercial population will occur. Also, regression equations were calculated for the total livestock of the population, the reproductive core (mature females) and juveniles (calves of the year) at different time intervals of the economic use of the resources of this population - Soviet and post-Soviet. For the Soviet period of using the resources of the population in 1969-1990 the parameters of the equation look like: y = 21.867x + 316.77 thousand (R2 = 0.886, Ᾱ = 6, rxy= - 0.41, p<0.05). For adult females, the trend equation for this segment of the reproductive cycles: y = 5.157x + 73.879 thousand, (R2 = 0.836). The total number of the population did not decrease: the average realized reproduction in this segment of the biological cycles is 61 calves per 100 mature females. In the post-Soviet period 1990–2021 equation of the linear trend of the Taimyr population: y = - 36.96х + 624.51 thousand (R2 = 0.75, Ᾱ = 5.18, rxy = 0.46, р<0.05). Evaluation by the straight-line trend equation of the juvenile group (calves of the year) gives a negative calculated value of the linear regression equation within y = - 21.4x + 175.51 thousand. (R2 = 0.944, Ᾱ = 2.9, rxy = 0.98, p<0.01). Such facts unequivocally signal the excess of the optimal intensity of fishing, because there is a gradual decrease in recruitment. The estimated critical number of the Taimyr population is 88.77 thousand wild deer, the critical limit of the fishery with a similar number is the removal of 71.9 thousand individuals. From here, hypothetically, only 16.87 thousand heads remain from the Taimyr population, which will lead to the collapse of this biological population.The critical population for the existence of the Taimyr population of wild reindeer has been established. The processing of the initial information about the population size was performed using the apparatus of mathematical biology. The main practical task is to identify the lower limits of abundance and the critical load for the population, after which the collapse of this commercial population will occur. Also, regression equations were calculated for the total livestock of the population, the reproductive core (mature females) and juveniles (calves of the year) at different time intervals of the economic use of the resources of this population - Soviet and post-Soviet. For the Soviet period of using the resources of the population in 1969-1990 the parameters of the equation look like: y = 21.867x + 316.77 thousand (R2 = 0.886, Ᾱ = 6, rxy= - 0.41, p<0.05). For adult females, the trend equation for this segment of the reproductive cycles: y = 5.157x +
确定了野生驯鹿泰梅尔种群存在的临界种群数量。对种群数量初始信息的处理是利用数学生物学仪器进行的。主要的实际任务是确定种群数量的下限和临界负荷,在临界负荷之后,商业种群将崩溃。此外,还计算了在对该种群资源进行经济利用的不同时间间隔(苏联时期和后苏联时期)内该种群的总家畜数、繁殖核心(成熟雌性)和幼畜(当年犊牛)的回归方程。苏联时期(1969-1990 年)的种群资源利用方程参数为:y = 21.867x + 316.77 千(R2 = 0.886,Ᾱ = 6,rxy= - 0.41,p<0.05)。对于成年雌鱼,这部分繁殖周期的趋势方程为:y = 5.157x + 73.879 千(R2 = 0.836)。种群总数并没有减少:在这段生物周期中,平均每 100 只成熟雌性繁殖 61 只小牛。1990-2021 年后苏联时期,泰米尔种群的线性趋势方程为:y = - 36.96х + 624.51 千(R2 = 0.75,Ᾱ = 5.18,rxy = 0.46,р<0.05)。根据幼年组(当年犊牛)的直线趋势方程进行评估,得出了 y = - 21.4x + 175.51 千以内的线性回归方程负计算值(R2 = 0.944,rxy = 0.46,р<0.05)。(R2 = 0.944,Ᾱ = 2.9,rxy = 0.98,p<0.01)。这些事实明确表明,最佳捕捞强度已经过剩,因为繁殖量在逐渐减少。据估计,泰米尔野生鹿的临界数量为 8.877 万头,而捕捞的临界极限为 7.19 万头。假设泰梅尔种群只剩下 1.687 万头,这将导致这一生物种群的崩溃。对种群数量初始信息的处理是利用数学生物学仪器进行的。主要的实际任务是确定种群数量的下限和临界负荷,在临界负荷之后,这一商业种群将崩溃。此外,还计算了在对该种群资源进行经济利用的不同时间间隔(苏联时期和后苏联时期)内该种群的总家畜数、繁殖核心(成熟雌性)和幼畜(当年犊牛)的回归方程。苏联时期(1969-1990 年)的种群资源利用方程参数为:y = 21.867x + 316.77 千(R2 = 0.886,Ᾱ = 6,rxy= - 0.41,p<0.05)。对于成年雌鱼,这部分繁殖周期的趋势方程为:y = 5.157x + 73.879 千(R2 = 0.836)。种群总数并没有减少:在这段生物周期中,平均每 100 只成熟雌性繁殖 61 只小牛。1990-2021 年后苏联时期,泰米尔种群的线性趋势方程为:y = - 36.96х + 624.51 千(R2 = 0.75,Ᾱ = 5.18,rxy = 0.46,р<0.05)。根据幼年组(当年犊牛)的直线趋势方程进行评估,得出了 y = - 21.4x + 175.51 千以内的线性回归方程负计算值(R2 = 0.944,rxy = 0.46,р<0.05)。(R2 = 0.944,Ᾱ = 2.9,rxy = 0.98,p<0.01)。这些事实明确表明,最佳捕捞强度已经过剩,因为繁殖量在逐渐减少。据估计,泰米尔野生鹿的临界数量为 8.877 万头,而捕捞的临界极限为 7.19 万头。从这里开始,假设泰梅尔种群只剩下 1.687 万头,这将导致这一生物种群的崩溃。
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引用次数: 0
Sperm cryoresistance of different animal species 不同动物物种的精子抗冷冻能力
Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-127-134
М. Maksimova, Е. Korochkina
The aim of this work was the systematization and analysis of scientific data on cryoresistence of sperm of various types of animals and factors affecting the cryorezistivity of sperm. Sperm cryoresistence is the stability of sperm to the effects of low temperatures. Cryoresistence is evaluated according to the morphological characteristics of sperm, their activity and mobility after thawing, the integrity of the acrosomes, the plasma membrane and the degree of damage to chromatin. Cryoconservational is an important component of artificial insemination of animals, and knowledge about the cryorezistence of spermatozoa is the theoretical basis for the successful cryoponement of sperm. Based on the listed studies, cryoresistence has species features and depends on: the age of animals, pedigree features, season of the year, concentration of testosterone and prolactin in the blood, temperature and humidity index, as well as from cryoconservative protocols.
这项工作的目的是系统整理和分析有关各类动物精子低温稳定性的科学数据以及影响精子低温稳定性的因素。精子低温稳定性是指精子对低温影响的稳定性。低温保存率是根据精子的形态特征、解冻后的活性和流动性、顶体的完整性、质膜和染色质的损伤程度来评估的。低温保存是动物人工授精的重要组成部分,而精子低温存活率的相关知识是成功冷冻精子的理论基础。根据上述研究,冷冻存活率具有物种特征,并取决于:动物的年龄、血统特征、季节、血液中睾酮和催乳素的浓度、温度和湿度指数,以及冷冻保存方案。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of complex treatment schemes for cows with postpartum endometritis and the efficiency of their subsequent insemination 产后子宫内膜炎奶牛复合治疗方案及其后续授精效率评估
Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-69-72
Е. Finageev, Т. Kuznetsova
Purpose: сomparing the effectiveness of the proposed protocols for the treatment of cows with acute postpartum endometritis and establishing the effectiveness and the terms of their subsequent insemination.Materials and methods. 47 Cows of the Holstein-Frisan breed, which are on the binding content, were examined. All these animals were provided with obstetric care. As a result of their clinical inspection, 16 goals with an acute form of postpartum endometritis were revealed. Of these animals, two groups of 8 goals formed in each on the principle of pairs of analogues. When making a diagnosis, anamnesis, clinical signs of the disease and the results of an ultrasound of the study were taken into account. The first group included animals whose treatment regimen included intrauterine administration of Tilocar and intramuscular Uteroton. In the second group of cows, a 0.5 % Novocaine solution was additionally injected intravenously, according to the instructions. Results. The study revealed that the animals in the second group recovered three days faster (11.13±0.39 days) than the first group (14.25±0.37 days). We used the odds ratio. The second group of cows, where an additional 0.5 % of the Novocaine solution was administered, was found to be 2.78 times more likely to become pregnant than those treated without it.
目的:比较治疗产后急性子宫内膜炎奶牛的拟议方案的有效性,并确定其后续授精的有效性和条件。研究对象为 47 头荷斯坦-弗里斯兰品种奶牛。所有这些动物都接受了产科护理。临床检查结果显示,16 头奶牛患有急性产后子宫内膜炎。在这些动物中,根据类似物成对的原则组成了两组,每组 8 只。在进行诊断时,要考虑到病史、疾病的临床症状和超声波检查的结果。第一组包括治疗方案包括宫内注射 Tilocar 和肌肉注射 Uteroton 的动物。在第二组奶牛中,按照说明额外静脉注射了 0.5 % 的诺维卡因溶液。研究结果研究显示,第二组动物的恢复时间(11.13±0.39 天)比第一组(14.25±0.37 天)快三天。我们使用了几率比。第二组奶牛额外注射了 0.5 % 的诺维卡因溶液,其怀孕几率是未注射诺维卡因溶液的奶牛的 2.78 倍。
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引用次数: 0
Study of the state of intermediate metabolism and antiradical defense of the body of meat quail during the elimination of mycotoxin 研究肉用鹌鹑体内消除霉菌毒素过程中的中间代谢和抗自由基防御状态
Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-93-99
D. Kudukhova, V. Gappoeva, F. Tsogoeva, R. Temiraev, S. Kozyrev
In the last decade, a new promising direction to reduce the risk of T-2 toxicosis at domestic poultry enterprises has been the rational use of antioxidants in the formulation of compound feeds. The purpose of the research is to determine the effect of the antioxidants santoquin (santoquin) and vitamin E in the composition of feed based on wheat grain, sorghum and rapeseed meal with a tolerant level of T-2 toxin on the state of intermediate metabolism and anti-radical protection of the body of meat quails. We have substantiated new data on the advisability of jointly introducing the antioxidants santoquin at a dose of 150 g/t and vitamin E at a dose of 25 thousand IU/t of feed into the composition of feed based on wheat grain, sorghum and rapeseed meal with a tolerant level of T-2 toxin to optimize the meat quail hematopoietic function of the body. The tested antioxidants, when fed in combination, contributed to the improvement of protein, carbohydrate, lipid and mineral metabolism in quails of the 3rd experimental group. Due to the synergistic effect of antioxidants in the composition of diets, an increase in protective functions in the body of quails of the 3rd experimental group was noted due to an increase in lysozyme activity in blood samples by 3,00% (P>0,95) and bactericidal activity - by 8,30% (P>0,95) than in the control group. While ensuring better detoxification of T-2 toxin in comparison with control analogues, meat quails of the 3rd experimental group improved the antioxidant defense of the body due to an increase in the enzymatic activity of glutathione reductase in the blood by 25,34% (P>0,95), alkaline phosphatase - by 18,34% (P>0,95) with a parallel decrease in catalase activity - by 9,54% (P>0,95), the level of conjugated dienes - by 2,28 times (P>0,95) and malondialdehyde - by 1,33 times (P>0,95).
近十年来,国内家禽企业降低 T-2 中毒风险的一个新方向是在配合饲料配方中合理使用抗氧化剂。这项研究的目的是确定在以小麦粒、高粱和菜籽粕为基础的饲料成分中添加抗氧化剂桑托昆(santoquin)和维生素 E(维生素 E),并添加耐受水平的 T-2 毒素,对肉鹌鹑机体的中间代谢状态和抗自由基保护的影响。我们已经证实了新的数据,即在以小麦、高粱和油菜籽粕为基础的饲料成分中联合添加抗氧化剂 Santoquin(剂量为 150 克/吨)和维生素 E(剂量为 2.5 万 IU/吨)以优化肉鹌鹑机体造血功能的可取性。将测试的抗氧化剂混合饲喂,有助于改善第三实验组鹌鹑的蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂质和矿物质代谢。由于抗氧化剂在日粮成分中的协同作用,第三实验组鹌鹑体内的保护功能有所提高,血液样本中溶菌酶活性比对照组提高了 3.00%(P>0.95),杀菌活性提高了 8.30%(P>0.95)。与对照组类似物相比,第三实验组的肉鹌鹑在确保更好地解毒 T-2 毒素的同时,由于血液中谷胱甘肽还原酶的酶活性提高了 25.34%(P>0.95),从而提高了机体的抗氧化防御能力、34% (P>0,95),碱性磷酸酶提高 18,34% (P>0,95),同时过氧化氢酶活性降低 9,54% (P>0,95),共轭二烯烃水平降低 2,28 倍 (P>0,95),丙二醛降低 1,33 倍 (P>0,95)。
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引用次数: 0
Distribution, forms of clinical manifestation and features of postpartum metritis in high yielding cows of various breeds 不同品种高产奶牛产后甲形腺炎的分布、临床表现形式和特征
Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-64-68
V. Skorikov, V. Mikhalev
Purpose: to study the forms of clinical manifestation and features of the course of postpartum metritis of inflammatory diseases of the uterus in highly productive cows of different breeds with free-stall and traditional technologies of their operation. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time the distribution and forms of clinical manifestations of postpartum metritis in cows of different breeds were studied under free-stall and traditional housing technologies.Materials and methods. The degree of distribution, forms of clinical manifestation and features of the course of postpartum metritis in highly productive cows of different breeds (n = 5345) were studied using traditional and free-stall technologies of their operation. To study the above indicators, anamnestic and veterinary data were used. Clinical and obstetric examination was carried out using generally accepted methods: transrectal palpation and ultrasound sonography, in accordance with the “Methodological manual for the prevention of infertility in highly productive dairy cattle”.Results. As a result of the studies, it was found that obstetric pathology is registered on average in 71.3% of new-born animals. The most frequently affected animals were the Holstein breed with an annual milk yield of 7500-8500 kg. They were diagnosed with postpartum metritis in 78.0-86.4 % of cases of the number of calvings. In cows of the Simmental breed of domestic selection with tether housing technology and an annual milk yield of 4000 to 5300 kg, obstetric pathology was recorded much less frequently, in the range of 59.3-65.1%. In highly productive Holstein cows, severe forms of the inflammatory process most often developed: purulent-fibrinous - in 12.4 %, purulent-necrotic - in 13.2 %, gangrenous - in 1.1 %, postpartum sepsis - in 0.8 % of cases , whereas it was not diagnosed in animals with traditional exploitation technology. The more frequent manifestation of severe forms of this disease in highly productive animals may be associated with a decrease in the general nonspecific resistance of their body. In 65.7%, postpartum metritis occurred in an acute form, regardless of the breed and conditions of detention.
目的:研究采用自由厩舍和传统饲养技术饲养的不同品种高产奶牛产后子宫炎症的临床表现形式和病程特点。这项工作的新颖性在于首次研究了在自由堆放和传统饲养技术下不同品种奶牛产后子宫炎临床表现的分布和形式。采用传统和散放式饲养技术研究了不同品种的高产奶牛(5345 头)产后元气大伤的分布程度、临床表现形式和病程特点。为研究上述指标,使用了动物学和兽医学数据。根据 "高产奶牛不育症预防方法手册",采用公认的方法进行了临床和产科检查:经直肠触诊和超声波声学检查。研究发现,平均 71.3% 的新生牛出现产科病变。最常患病的牛是荷斯坦品种,年产奶量为 7500-8500 公斤。在产犊数的 78.0-86.4 % 的病例中,它们被诊断出患有产后甲沟炎。在采用拴系饲养技术、年产奶量为 4000 至 5300 千克的西门塔尔品种奶牛中,产科病症的发生率要低得多,在 59.3-65.1% 之间。在高产荷斯坦奶牛中,最常出现的是严重的炎症过程:化脓性纤维素性 - 12.4%,化脓性坏死性 - 13.2%,坏疽性 - 1.1%,产后败血症 - 0.8%,而在采用传统饲养技术的奶牛中则未诊断出产后败血症。这种疾病在高产动物中的严重表现更为频繁,这可能与它们身体的一般非特异性抵抗力下降有关。在 65.7% 的动物中,产后甲沟炎以急性形式出现,与品种和饲养条件无关。
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引用次数: 0
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Genetics and breeding of animals
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