Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-59-63
V. Zimnikov, L. Sashnina, N. Pasko
Mastitis in high yielding lactating cows is the most common disease that causes enormous economic damage to livestock farms. According to leading scientists, when studying the problem of mastitis, the greatest interest is in studying the dynamics of changes in the immunological blood indicators of cows during the occurrence and development of the inflammatory process in the udder. To conduct research, three groups of lactating Holstein cows of 2–3 lactations with an annual milk production of 7356–8000 kg of milk, belonging to one of the farms in Voronezh region, were formed. The first group (n=8) included clinically healthy animals, the second (n=8) - cows with subclinical mastitis, the third (n=8) - cows with clinically pronounced catarrhal mastitis. Blood samples were taken from all animals to determine immunobiochemical and molecular genetic indicators. The studies have established that the level of expression of the genes for the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4 was by 2.6 and 1.5 times lower, respectively, in the cows with subclinical mastitis and by 5.8 and 3.9 times lower in the cows with clinically pronounced catarrhal mastitis, respectively, in comparison with clinically healthy animals. At the same time, the expression of pro-inflammatory INF-γ was by 7.6 and 14.8 times higher in the cows with subclinical and catarrhal mastitis, respectively, compared to clinically healthy animals.
{"title":"Immunological status of the blood of clinically healthy and lactating cows with mastitis","authors":"V. Zimnikov, L. Sashnina, N. Pasko","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-59-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-59-63","url":null,"abstract":"Mastitis in high yielding lactating cows is the most common disease that causes enormous economic damage to livestock farms. According to leading scientists, when studying the problem of mastitis, the greatest interest is in studying the dynamics of changes in the immunological blood indicators of cows during the occurrence and development of the inflammatory process in the udder. To conduct research, three groups of lactating Holstein cows of 2–3 lactations with an annual milk production of 7356–8000 kg of milk, belonging to one of the farms in Voronezh region, were formed. The first group (n=8) included clinically healthy animals, the second (n=8) - cows with subclinical mastitis, the third (n=8) - cows with clinically pronounced catarrhal mastitis. Blood samples were taken from all animals to determine immunobiochemical and molecular genetic indicators. The studies have established that the level of expression of the genes for the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4 was by 2.6 and 1.5 times lower, respectively, in the cows with subclinical mastitis and by 5.8 and 3.9 times lower in the cows with clinically pronounced catarrhal mastitis, respectively, in comparison with clinically healthy animals. At the same time, the expression of pro-inflammatory INF-γ was by 7.6 and 14.8 times higher in the cows with subclinical and catarrhal mastitis, respectively, compared to clinically healthy animals.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"72 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139535376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-113-119
Е. Stepura, Т. Ippolitova
Purpose: to study the bioelectrical activity of the brain and determine the parameters of electroencephalograms in sports and untrained horses.Materials and methods. The object of the study were horses aged from 2 to 20 years in the amount of 150 heads. The animals were in active training and were also used for rental training in horse riding; their average weight was 550.78 kg; the breeds were Oryol Trotter, Russian Trotter, American Trotter and Hanoverian. During EEG recording, horses were restrained using a halter at the junctions. Experiments were carried out in the morning or afternoon, 1 hour before feeding/training or 1 hour after. EEG registration was carried out with patch electrodes in 6 unipolar leads using a special patented Ippolitova / Gauss helmet for recording EEG in animals, the electrodes on which are located along the projections of different lobes of the brain, which allows non-invasively, without the use of sedatives and shaving hair, to record the electrical activity of the brain . EEG recording continued for 10-15 minutes. We assessed brain rhythms using the following indicators: Rhythm severity index (RSI) – the degree of manifestation of the rhythm, the percentage of time during which a given rhythm is recorded (%). Frequency – the number of complete oscillations performed per unit of time, sec. (Hz). Amplitude is the largest deviation (from the average) value of a quantity, the range of oscillations.Results. As a result of the research and analysis of the obtained EEG data, waves of bioelectrical activity of the brain in horses were established in the following ranges: alpha rhythm (α-rhythm) – 7.1 – 13 Hz, amplitude up to 100 µV; beta-1 rhythm (low-frequency β-1 rhythm) – 13.1 – 25 Hz, amplitude – 3-5 µV; beta-2 rhythm (high-frequency β-2 rhythm) – 25.1 – 40 Hz, amplitude – 3-5 µV; delta rhythm (δ rhythm) – 0.3 – 4 Hz, amplitude up to 40 µV; theta rhythm (Ѳ-rhythm) – 4.1 – 7 Hz, amplitude about 30 µV; gamma rhythm (γ rhythm) – above 40.1 µV. When analyzing EEG rhythms in animals, the most pronounced spontaneous brain activity at rest in the horses studied is the delta rhythm in all leads and hemispheres. We observe oscillations with a frequency of 0.3–4 Hz and an amplitude of up to 40 μV. The waveform is regular, sinus. Such oscillations represent the delta rhythm.
{"title":"Electrophysiological features of bioelectrical activity of the horse brain","authors":"Е. Stepura, Т. Ippolitova","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-113-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-113-119","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: to study the bioelectrical activity of the brain and determine the parameters of electroencephalograms in sports and untrained horses.Materials and methods. The object of the study were horses aged from 2 to 20 years in the amount of 150 heads. The animals were in active training and were also used for rental training in horse riding; their average weight was 550.78 kg; the breeds were Oryol Trotter, Russian Trotter, American Trotter and Hanoverian. During EEG recording, horses were restrained using a halter at the junctions. Experiments were carried out in the morning or afternoon, 1 hour before feeding/training or 1 hour after. EEG registration was carried out with patch electrodes in 6 unipolar leads using a special patented Ippolitova / Gauss helmet for recording EEG in animals, the electrodes on which are located along the projections of different lobes of the brain, which allows non-invasively, without the use of sedatives and shaving hair, to record the electrical activity of the brain . EEG recording continued for 10-15 minutes. We assessed brain rhythms using the following indicators: Rhythm severity index (RSI) – the degree of manifestation of the rhythm, the percentage of time during which a given rhythm is recorded (%). Frequency – the number of complete oscillations performed per unit of time, sec. (Hz). Amplitude is the largest deviation (from the average) value of a quantity, the range of oscillations.Results. As a result of the research and analysis of the obtained EEG data, waves of bioelectrical activity of the brain in horses were established in the following ranges: alpha rhythm (α-rhythm) – 7.1 – 13 Hz, amplitude up to 100 µV; beta-1 rhythm (low-frequency β-1 rhythm) – 13.1 – 25 Hz, amplitude – 3-5 µV; beta-2 rhythm (high-frequency β-2 rhythm) – 25.1 – 40 Hz, amplitude – 3-5 µV; delta rhythm (δ rhythm) – 0.3 – 4 Hz, amplitude up to 40 µV; theta rhythm (Ѳ-rhythm) – 4.1 – 7 Hz, amplitude about 30 µV; gamma rhythm (γ rhythm) – above 40.1 µV. When analyzing EEG rhythms in animals, the most pronounced spontaneous brain activity at rest in the horses studied is the delta rhythm in all leads and hemispheres. We observe oscillations with a frequency of 0.3–4 Hz and an amplitude of up to 40 μV. The waveform is regular, sinus. Such oscillations represent the delta rhythm.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139628937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-120-126
D. Kudukhova, V. Gappoeva, I. Ktsoeva, R. Temiraev, S. Kozyrev
Purpose: to study the effect of antioxidants santoquine and vitamin E, included in the composition of wheat-sorghum-rapeseed type feed with a tolerant level of T-2 toxin, on the productivity and digestive processes of meat quail.Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on meat quails of the Pharaoh breed. At one day of age, according to the principle of analogous groups, 4 groups of 40 animals each were formed. Raised for meat until 42 days of age. Quails were individually weighed weekly to determine live weight gain and calculate feed costs per unit of production. After control slaughter at the age of 42 days, the activity of digestive enzymes: proteinases, amylases and cellulases was studied in the contents of the muscular stomach and duodenum of 5 animals from each group.Results. In the course of the studies, new experimentally substantiated data were obtained on the effectiveness of reducing the risk of T-2 toxicosis in the body of meat quails due to the rational joint use of santoquin antioxidant drugs in the composition of mixed feeds of the wheat-sorghum-rapeseed type with a tolerant level of T-2 toxin at a dose of 150 g/ t and vitamin E at a dose of 25 thousand IU/t. Thanks to this, in the quails of the 3rd experimental group, there was an increase in the survival rate of the livestock by 7.8 %, and an increase in live weight by 13.19 % (P<0.05). The meat poultry of the 3rd experimental group had the best pay for feed in terms of live weight gain, having spent 12.01 % less feed to obtain 1 kg of gain compared to the quails of the control group. Combined additions of the tested antioxidants contributed to a significant (P<0.05) increase in the activity of proteinases, cellulases and amylases in the contents of the muscular stomach by 24.15, 33.30 and 18.18 % and in the duodenum - by 13, compared to the analogues of the control group. 58, 13.93 and 15.02%, respectively.
{"title":"The effect of antioxidants on the productivity and enzymatic activity of the gastrointestinal tract of quails while reducing the risk of T-2 toxicosis","authors":"D. Kudukhova, V. Gappoeva, I. Ktsoeva, R. Temiraev, S. Kozyrev","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-120-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-120-126","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: to study the effect of antioxidants santoquine and vitamin E, included in the composition of wheat-sorghum-rapeseed type feed with a tolerant level of T-2 toxin, on the productivity and digestive processes of meat quail.Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on meat quails of the Pharaoh breed. At one day of age, according to the principle of analogous groups, 4 groups of 40 animals each were formed. Raised for meat until 42 days of age. Quails were individually weighed weekly to determine live weight gain and calculate feed costs per unit of production. After control slaughter at the age of 42 days, the activity of digestive enzymes: proteinases, amylases and cellulases was studied in the contents of the muscular stomach and duodenum of 5 animals from each group.Results. In the course of the studies, new experimentally substantiated data were obtained on the effectiveness of reducing the risk of T-2 toxicosis in the body of meat quails due to the rational joint use of santoquin antioxidant drugs in the composition of mixed feeds of the wheat-sorghum-rapeseed type with a tolerant level of T-2 toxin at a dose of 150 g/ t and vitamin E at a dose of 25 thousand IU/t. Thanks to this, in the quails of the 3rd experimental group, there was an increase in the survival rate of the livestock by 7.8 %, and an increase in live weight by 13.19 % (P<0.05). The meat poultry of the 3rd experimental group had the best pay for feed in terms of live weight gain, having spent 12.01 % less feed to obtain 1 kg of gain compared to the quails of the control group. Combined additions of the tested antioxidants contributed to a significant (P<0.05) increase in the activity of proteinases, cellulases and amylases in the contents of the muscular stomach by 24.15, 33.30 and 18.18 % and in the duodenum - by 13, compared to the analogues of the control group. 58, 13.93 and 15.02%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"119 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139629112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-23-30
О. Nikolaeva, N. Dementyeva
The growth of the world's population implies the search for alternative sources of nutrition. One such area is the development of aquaculture. The world aquaculture, as well as other branches of agriculture, has gone through stages of its formation from farming by primitive methods to use of modern technologies. Salmon farming occupies an important place in industrial fish farming, and the volume of farmed products is increasing every year. This review summarises the main milestones in the salmon aquaculture industry, describes the trends that have guided breeding programmes and shows the genetic approaches that have been used in fish farming. The introduction of genetic methods in salmonid fish breeding depends on the level of development of the countries where fish farms are located. Abroad there is a great experience of investment policy aimed at creation and introduction of projects up to the final (operational) stage of introduction of molecular genetics methods into salmon breeding, including the use of genomic selection. While in Russia the concept of genetic improvements in aquaculture is only being discussed. In this review an important place is given to generalisation of the accumulated material on genetic methods of salmonid fish research, as well as directions of application of genetic markers in salmon farming. The issues of searching for candidate genes, quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with gaining muscle weight and fish resistance to diseases are discussed. The directions and ways of solving breeding problems are shown. Intensive development of scientific approaches to aquaculture development abroad is a vector for setting goals to expand business investment in the development of molecular genetic approaches to salmonid fish breeding in Russia.
{"title":"Direction of salmon aquaculture development in the world","authors":"О. Nikolaeva, N. Dementyeva","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-23-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-23-30","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of the world's population implies the search for alternative sources of nutrition. One such area is the development of aquaculture. The world aquaculture, as well as other branches of agriculture, has gone through stages of its formation from farming by primitive methods to use of modern technologies. Salmon farming occupies an important place in industrial fish farming, and the volume of farmed products is increasing every year. This review summarises the main milestones in the salmon aquaculture industry, describes the trends that have guided breeding programmes and shows the genetic approaches that have been used in fish farming. The introduction of genetic methods in salmonid fish breeding depends on the level of development of the countries where fish farms are located. Abroad there is a great experience of investment policy aimed at creation and introduction of projects up to the final (operational) stage of introduction of molecular genetics methods into salmon breeding, including the use of genomic selection. While in Russia the concept of genetic improvements in aquaculture is only being discussed. In this review an important place is given to generalisation of the accumulated material on genetic methods of salmonid fish research, as well as directions of application of genetic markers in salmon farming. The issues of searching for candidate genes, quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with gaining muscle weight and fish resistance to diseases are discussed. The directions and ways of solving breeding problems are shown. Intensive development of scientific approaches to aquaculture development abroad is a vector for setting goals to expand business investment in the development of molecular genetic approaches to salmonid fish breeding in Russia.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"189 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139628994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-73-79
I. Alferov, R. Ivanov, Е. Slepsov, I. Vinokurov, Р. Fedorova, М. Savvinova
This article examines the genetic diversity of Momsky horses using seventeen microsatellite markers. The analysis revealed that the average locus polymorphism level was 3.384 units, while the AHT4 locus showed the highest polymorphism. Different loci had varying numbers of effectively acting alleles. There was an excess of total alleles over the number of effectively acting alleles by more than 1.5 times, indicating significant genetic variability in the population of Momsky horses. The study confirmed significant heterozygosity variation at both the overall sample level and for individual loci. Certain loci exhibited a deficiency of heterozygotes, while others demonstrated a predominance of observed heterozygosity over expected heterozygosity. The LEX3 locus had the lowest level of observed heterozygosity (0.312), while the AHT4 locus showed the highest level (0.844) of expected heterozygosity. Data analysis also enabled the determination of the equilibrium distribution of heterozygotes. Five loci - HMS1, CA425, HTG6, VHL20, ASB17 - had a distribution of heterozygotes close to equilibrium, while seven loci displayed a deficiency of heterozygotes. The most pronounced deficiency of heterozygotes was observed in the LEX3 locus. The remaining loci showed varying degrees of dominance of observed heterozygosity over expected heterozygosity. The importance of genetic diversity in horse populations is emphasized, particularly in the context of breeding programs. Maintaining a certain level of genetic diversity plays a crucial role in population adaptation to changing environmental conditions and ensures long-term survival.
{"title":"Genetic diversity of momsky horse population: analysis using microsatellite markers","authors":"I. Alferov, R. Ivanov, Е. Slepsov, I. Vinokurov, Р. Fedorova, М. Savvinova","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-73-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-73-79","url":null,"abstract":" This article examines the genetic diversity of Momsky horses using seventeen microsatellite markers. The analysis revealed that the average locus polymorphism level was 3.384 units, while the AHT4 locus showed the highest polymorphism. Different loci had varying numbers of effectively acting alleles. There was an excess of total alleles over the number of effectively acting alleles by more than 1.5 times, indicating significant genetic variability in the population of Momsky horses. The study confirmed significant heterozygosity variation at both the overall sample level and for individual loci. Certain loci exhibited a deficiency of heterozygotes, while others demonstrated a predominance of observed heterozygosity over expected heterozygosity. The LEX3 locus had the lowest level of observed heterozygosity (0.312), while the AHT4 locus showed the highest level (0.844) of expected heterozygosity. Data analysis also enabled the determination of the equilibrium distribution of heterozygotes. Five loci - HMS1, CA425, HTG6, VHL20, ASB17 - had a distribution of heterozygotes close to equilibrium, while seven loci displayed a deficiency of heterozygotes. The most pronounced deficiency of heterozygotes was observed in the LEX3 locus. The remaining loci showed varying degrees of dominance of observed heterozygosity over expected heterozygosity. The importance of genetic diversity in horse populations is emphasized, particularly in the context of breeding programs. Maintaining a certain level of genetic diversity plays a crucial role in population adaptation to changing environmental conditions and ensures long-term survival.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139535323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-31-38
G. Bryzgalov, L. Ignatovich
Purpose: the study of economic and significant indicators of the Koryak ecotype of the northern deer.Materials and methods. The model for the study of the Koryak ecotype was the livestock of animals in agricultural enterprises for breeding the northern deer in the Kamchatka Peninsula during the stable development of the industry, with a total number of more than 125 thousand individuals. The entire number of deer was contained in 86 herds, on average in one herd, up to 1,400-1500 animals fell. Zootechnical information was taken from annual reports of deer farms. In the study of farms, indicators used in the reindeer husbandry industry were taken: the number of deer at the beginning of the year; the uterus in the structure of the herd (the number of important and heels in % to the total number of deer); offspring - received living calves at the end of the hotel per 100 uterus, %; DWT - a business exit of calves at the end of the year per 100 uterus, %; SVP - the safety of the adult number of deer at the end of the year, %; Production of meat in live weight, taking into account growth per 100 January deer, in C; Live weight of sexual age groups, kg.Results. The reindeer husbandry of the territory was distinguished by high quality indicators. The specific gravity of the uterus in the structure of the herd was maintained at 60 % and higher. The deer of this ecotype has good reproductive properties, on average at the end of the hotel there were more than 86 calves per 100 queens. The business yield of young animals at the end of the year on average ecotip was 80.6 % with fluctuations from 73 to 86.5 %, which confirms the high reproductive properties and viability of the young deer group of the northern deer. The safety indicator of the adult livestock at the end of the year was at the level of 93.9 % with fluctuations in individual populations from 90.4 % to 96.5 %. The production of meat in live weight, taking into account the growth of 100 deer according to individual scope, was flukes from 28 to 31.5 c, with an average ecotype value over 29.2 c. In terms of live weight of the Koryak ecotype deer, they exceeded the analogues of the sexual age groups of deer in the Chukotsk AO by 1.0-7.7 %, which confirms their high household chores. When crossing the deer of the Koryak ecotype and the Chukotka breed, a manifestation of heterosis was noted, since the estates significantly exceeded both initial parental forms in live weight, the preservation of the livestock, the business exit of young animals increased, and the production of meat increased. The identification of highly productive ecotypes and the creation on their basis of in -breed structures will increase the productivity of the northern deer.
{"title":"Deer in the extreme north-east of Russia: Koryak ecotype (Rangifer Tarandus L.)","authors":"G. Bryzgalov, L. Ignatovich","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-31-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-31-38","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: the study of economic and significant indicators of the Koryak ecotype of the northern deer.Materials and methods. The model for the study of the Koryak ecotype was the livestock of animals in agricultural enterprises for breeding the northern deer in the Kamchatka Peninsula during the stable development of the industry, with a total number of more than 125 thousand individuals. The entire number of deer was contained in 86 herds, on average in one herd, up to 1,400-1500 animals fell. Zootechnical information was taken from annual reports of deer farms. In the study of farms, indicators used in the reindeer husbandry industry were taken: the number of deer at the beginning of the year; the uterus in the structure of the herd (the number of important and heels in % to the total number of deer); offspring - received living calves at the end of the hotel per 100 uterus, %; DWT - a business exit of calves at the end of the year per 100 uterus, %; SVP - the safety of the adult number of deer at the end of the year, %; Production of meat in live weight, taking into account growth per 100 January deer, in C; Live weight of sexual age groups, kg.Results. The reindeer husbandry of the territory was distinguished by high quality indicators. The specific gravity of the uterus in the structure of the herd was maintained at 60 % and higher. The deer of this ecotype has good reproductive properties, on average at the end of the hotel there were more than 86 calves per 100 queens. The business yield of young animals at the end of the year on average ecotip was 80.6 % with fluctuations from 73 to 86.5 %, which confirms the high reproductive properties and viability of the young deer group of the northern deer. The safety indicator of the adult livestock at the end of the year was at the level of 93.9 % with fluctuations in individual populations from 90.4 % to 96.5 %. The production of meat in live weight, taking into account the growth of 100 deer according to individual scope, was flukes from 28 to 31.5 c, with an average ecotype value over 29.2 c. In terms of live weight of the Koryak ecotype deer, they exceeded the analogues of the sexual age groups of deer in the Chukotsk AO by 1.0-7.7 %, which confirms their high household chores. When crossing the deer of the Koryak ecotype and the Chukotka breed, a manifestation of heterosis was noted, since the estates significantly exceeded both initial parental forms in live weight, the preservation of the livestock, the business exit of young animals increased, and the production of meat increased. The identification of highly productive ecotypes and the creation on their basis of in -breed structures will increase the productivity of the northern deer.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"89 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139535632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-86-92
О. Aleinikova, Е. Montvila, А. Smekalova
In black-and-white cows with reduced fertility, during the dry and early post-calving periods, changes in the functioning of the thyroid system are observed, which differ from those in individuals with high fertility. Such changes may lead to a lack of energy sources during the critical transition period.Purpose: To study the dynamics of changes in the lipid content before and after calving and its association with the content of thyroid hormones in the blood of black-and-white cows with various fertility.Materials and methods. Black-and-white cows of lactation 2-4 were used in the study. The animals were bled 6, 4 and 2 weeks before calving and 1, 3, 7 and 13 weeks after calving. In blood serum samples, the content of lipids was determined using a biochemical analyzer, as well as thyroid hormones and progesterone using ELISA. Cows were inseminated after treatment according to the Ovsynch protocol, and pregnancy was assessed on Day 33 based on ultrasound examination and progesterone levels in the blood.Results. The cows were divided into two groups: I – pregnant individuals (n=17) and II – individuals that remained infertile (n=12). The milk productivity of animals and their BCS before and after calving were similar in the compared groups. Thirteen weeks after calving, the cholesterol content in the blood of cows of group II was 1.2 times lower (p<0.05) compared to this content in animals of group I. At the same time, 6 weeks before calving, the concentration of phospholipids in the blood of individuals of group II was 1.3 times higher than that of individuals of group I (p<0.05). In addition, 3 weeks after calving, the level of triglycerides in cows of group I was 1.2 times higher (p<0.05) than that in animals of group II. During the postpartum period, the blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in animals of group I positively correlated with the content of total thyroxine, whereas such a correlation was not detected in group II.Conclusions. Thus, the metabolic state of cows with higher fertility was characterized by an increased supply of lipid energy sources during the post-calving period compared to animals with low fertility. At the same time, the reduced content of triglycerides at the early stage of lactation in the blood of cows that remained infertile points to their increased accumulation by the liver. A positive relationship between the concentration of total thyroxine in the blood and the concentration of triglycerides and cholesterol, revealed during the post-calving period in cows with high fertility, suggests the participation of the thyroid hormone in maintaining the reproductive function of these animals by modulating lipid metabolism.
{"title":"Indicators of lipid metabolism and their relationship with the thyroid status during the dry and post-calving periods in cows with different fertility","authors":"О. Aleinikova, Е. Montvila, А. Smekalova","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-86-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-86-92","url":null,"abstract":"In black-and-white cows with reduced fertility, during the dry and early post-calving periods, changes in the functioning of the thyroid system are observed, which differ from those in individuals with high fertility. Such changes may lead to a lack of energy sources during the critical transition period.Purpose: To study the dynamics of changes in the lipid content before and after calving and its association with the content of thyroid hormones in the blood of black-and-white cows with various fertility.Materials and methods. Black-and-white cows of lactation 2-4 were used in the study. The animals were bled 6, 4 and 2 weeks before calving and 1, 3, 7 and 13 weeks after calving. In blood serum samples, the content of lipids was determined using a biochemical analyzer, as well as thyroid hormones and progesterone using ELISA. Cows were inseminated after treatment according to the Ovsynch protocol, and pregnancy was assessed on Day 33 based on ultrasound examination and progesterone levels in the blood.Results. The cows were divided into two groups: I – pregnant individuals (n=17) and II – individuals that remained infertile (n=12). The milk productivity of animals and their BCS before and after calving were similar in the compared groups. Thirteen weeks after calving, the cholesterol content in the blood of cows of group II was 1.2 times lower (p<0.05) compared to this content in animals of group I. At the same time, 6 weeks before calving, the concentration of phospholipids in the blood of individuals of group II was 1.3 times higher than that of individuals of group I (p<0.05). In addition, 3 weeks after calving, the level of triglycerides in cows of group I was 1.2 times higher (p<0.05) than that in animals of group II. During the postpartum period, the blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in animals of group I positively correlated with the content of total thyroxine, whereas such a correlation was not detected in group II.Conclusions. Thus, the metabolic state of cows with higher fertility was characterized by an increased supply of lipid energy sources during the post-calving period compared to animals with low fertility. At the same time, the reduced content of triglycerides at the early stage of lactation in the blood of cows that remained infertile points to their increased accumulation by the liver. A positive relationship between the concentration of total thyroxine in the blood and the concentration of triglycerides and cholesterol, revealed during the post-calving period in cows with high fertility, suggests the participation of the thyroid hormone in maintaining the reproductive function of these animals by modulating lipid metabolism.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"6 s2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139628824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-80-85
А. Ivannikova, А. Solovieva, Т. Deniskova
Purpose: to characterize the allele pool of sheep of the southern beef breed using microsatellites.Materials and methods. The biomaterial was ear’s plucks from 80 sheep of the southern meat breed, selected from the Ladozhsky Breeding Plant. 20 East Friesian sheep, 33 Dorset sheep and 63 Romanov sheep were used for comparison. Nine microsatellite loci (INRA005, SPS113, INRA23, MAF65, McM527, OarCP49, HSC, OarAE129, MAF214) were selected as DNA markers. Microsatellite variability was analyzed using the ABI3130x1 Genetic Analyzer. The results were processed in the GenAIEx 6.503 program, with the help of which the main indicators characterizing the state of the allele pool and genetic diversity were calculated.Results. Analysis of the population genetic parameters of sheep of the southern meat breed showed that the average number of alleles per locus (Na) and the effective number of alleles per locus (Ne) exceed the sample average by 1,72 and 0,58 alleles, respectively. The expected heterozygosity (He) was 0,766, while the observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0,741. The coefficient of inbreeding (Fis) was 0,03. The analysis of the principal components, carried out for the studied breeds in the planes of the first and third principal components, did not fundamentally change the nature of the spatial clustering of the studied groups of sheep. Analysis of the principal coordinates, performed on the basis of calculation of pairwise Fst values, showed that the southern meat breed is located in the upper left quadrant and is isolated from other breeds. The values of the Fst indicator indicate that there is moderate genetic differentiation between the southern meat and dorset breeds (Fst=0,116), and significant genetic differentiation between the southern meat and romanov breeds (Fst=0,161).Conclusion. An analysis of the population genetic parameters of sheep of the southern meat breed, in comparison with the east friesian, dorset and romanov breeds, showed that, in general, in terms of the total number of alleles per locus and the number of effective alleles per locus, it is characterized by a high level of genetic diversity. The presence of a tendency towards a deficiency of heterozygotes is probably explained by the limited population, represented by the only relict gene pool in Russia.
{"title":"Characteristic of allele pool of sheep of the southern meat breed using microsatellite markers","authors":"А. Ivannikova, А. Solovieva, Т. Deniskova","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-80-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-80-85","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: to characterize the allele pool of sheep of the southern beef breed using microsatellites.Materials and methods. The biomaterial was ear’s plucks from 80 sheep of the southern meat breed, selected from the Ladozhsky Breeding Plant. 20 East Friesian sheep, 33 Dorset sheep and 63 Romanov sheep were used for comparison. Nine microsatellite loci (INRA005, SPS113, INRA23, MAF65, McM527, OarCP49, HSC, OarAE129, MAF214) were selected as DNA markers. Microsatellite variability was analyzed using the ABI3130x1 Genetic Analyzer. The results were processed in the GenAIEx 6.503 program, with the help of which the main indicators characterizing the state of the allele pool and genetic diversity were calculated.Results. Analysis of the population genetic parameters of sheep of the southern meat breed showed that the average number of alleles per locus (Na) and the effective number of alleles per locus (Ne) exceed the sample average by 1,72 and 0,58 alleles, respectively. The expected heterozygosity (He) was 0,766, while the observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0,741. The coefficient of inbreeding (Fis) was 0,03. The analysis of the principal components, carried out for the studied breeds in the planes of the first and third principal components, did not fundamentally change the nature of the spatial clustering of the studied groups of sheep. Analysis of the principal coordinates, performed on the basis of calculation of pairwise Fst values, showed that the southern meat breed is located in the upper left quadrant and is isolated from other breeds. The values of the Fst indicator indicate that there is moderate genetic differentiation between the southern meat and dorset breeds (Fst=0,116), and significant genetic differentiation between the southern meat and romanov breeds (Fst=0,161).Conclusion. An analysis of the population genetic parameters of sheep of the southern meat breed, in comparison with the east friesian, dorset and romanov breeds, showed that, in general, in terms of the total number of alleles per locus and the number of effective alleles per locus, it is characterized by a high level of genetic diversity. The presence of a tendency towards a deficiency of heterozygotes is probably explained by the limited population, represented by the only relict gene pool in Russia.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139535393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-53-58
R. Vasiliev
Purpose: the aim is to study the effect of the inclusion of the immunomodulator thymalin in the treatment regimen of genital mycoplasmosis of cattle on the immunological characteristics of vaginal secretions.Materials and methods. For the experiment, three groups of pregnant cows were formed, 8 heads each. The first group – pregnant cows with genital mycoplasmosis for the treatment of which the antibiotic traksovet 100 (tulatromycin) was used at a dose of 2.5 mg per 1 kg of animal body weight, subcutaneously, once 40 days before the expected delivery. The second group - pregnant cows with genital mycoplasmosis for the treatment of which the antibiotic traksovet 100 was used at a dose of 2.5 mg per 1 kg of animal body weight, subcutaneously, once 40 days before the expected delivery and the immunomodulator timalin at a dose of 0.1 mg per 1 kg of animal body weight, intramuscularly, twice with an interval of 72 hours. The third group (control) – clinically healthy pregnant cows. In experimental groups of cows, 2 weeks after the start of treatment, the effectiveness of therapy was monitored by conducting a PCR test for Mycoplasma spp. Before the start of therapy, vaginal secretions were collected from the walls of the vagina in animals of all groups. Repeated secretion from the first and second experimental group of cows was carried out 14 days after the start of treatment. In vaginal secretions, the content of - Ig G, Ig M, Ig A, sIg A and their total amount were determined by radial immunodiffusion in Mancini gel, lysozyme activity and its reaction (pH) was determined.Results. In the group of animals for the treatment of which the traxovet was used 2 weeks after the start of therapy, Mycoplasma spp. it was detected in 2 cows out of 8 (therapeutic efficacy was 75 %); in a group of cows where traxovet was used in combination with thymalin positive tests for Mycoplasma spp. there was no (therapeutic efficacy – 100 %). The use of an antibiotic for the treatment of cows with mycoplasmosis leads to the restoration to the level of healthy animals only Ig M and sIg A, whereas, when included in the thymalin therapy regimen, all the studied indicators reached their values in healthy cows.Conclusion. The use of a combination of tulatromycin and thymalin for the treatment of cows with genital mycoplasmosis provides a higher percentage of recovery, and also contributes to the restoration of the immuno-biological properties of vaginal secretions.
{"title":"Changes in the immunological characteristics of vaginal secretions of cows with genital mycoplasmosis when an immunomodulator is included in the treatment regimen","authors":"R. Vasiliev","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-53-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-53-58","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: the aim is to study the effect of the inclusion of the immunomodulator thymalin in the treatment regimen of genital mycoplasmosis of cattle on the immunological characteristics of vaginal secretions.Materials and methods. For the experiment, three groups of pregnant cows were formed, 8 heads each. The first group – pregnant cows with genital mycoplasmosis for the treatment of which the antibiotic traksovet 100 (tulatromycin) was used at a dose of 2.5 mg per 1 kg of animal body weight, subcutaneously, once 40 days before the expected delivery. The second group - pregnant cows with genital mycoplasmosis for the treatment of which the antibiotic traksovet 100 was used at a dose of 2.5 mg per 1 kg of animal body weight, subcutaneously, once 40 days before the expected delivery and the immunomodulator timalin at a dose of 0.1 mg per 1 kg of animal body weight, intramuscularly, twice with an interval of 72 hours. The third group (control) – clinically healthy pregnant cows. In experimental groups of cows, 2 weeks after the start of treatment, the effectiveness of therapy was monitored by conducting a PCR test for Mycoplasma spp. Before the start of therapy, vaginal secretions were collected from the walls of the vagina in animals of all groups. Repeated secretion from the first and second experimental group of cows was carried out 14 days after the start of treatment. In vaginal secretions, the content of - Ig G, Ig M, Ig A, sIg A and their total amount were determined by radial immunodiffusion in Mancini gel, lysozyme activity and its reaction (pH) was determined.Results. In the group of animals for the treatment of which the traxovet was used 2 weeks after the start of therapy, Mycoplasma spp. it was detected in 2 cows out of 8 (therapeutic efficacy was 75 %); in a group of cows where traxovet was used in combination with thymalin positive tests for Mycoplasma spp. there was no (therapeutic efficacy – 100 %). The use of an antibiotic for the treatment of cows with mycoplasmosis leads to the restoration to the level of healthy animals only Ig M and sIg A, whereas, when included in the thymalin therapy regimen, all the studied indicators reached their values in healthy cows.Conclusion. The use of a combination of tulatromycin and thymalin for the treatment of cows with genital mycoplasmosis provides a higher percentage of recovery, and also contributes to the restoration of the immuno-biological properties of vaginal secretions.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"72 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139535472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-5-12
Т. Kuzmina, D. Starikova
Aim. Comprehensive analysis of the morphofunctional state of somatic (cumulus) and germ cells (oocytes) of Sus scrofa domesticus subjected to intraovarian vitrification using silicon dimethylglycerolate (SDMG) are presented.Materials and methods. Fragments of porcine ovaries (FsPO) 15×20 mm in size were gradually kept in cryoprotective agents (CPA) prepared in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS): 25 min. in CPA-1 [7.5 % EG (ethylene glycol) with 7.5 % DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide)] and 15 min. in CPA-2 (15 % EG with 15 % DMSO and 0.5 M sucrose). The composition of the CPA-2 in experimental groups was modified by addition of SDMG (at concentrations of 2 %, 6 %, or 10 %). FsPO were stored in liquid nitrogen. FsPO were devitrified by exposure 1 minute in solution 1 (80 % PBS, 20 % FBS, 0.5 mol/l sucrose) and 5 minutes in solution 2 (80 % PBS, 0.25 mol/l sucrose). The following indicators of cryoresistance of devitrified cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were analyzed: degree of cumulus cells expansion; oocyte morphology and the functional status of lipidome in female gametes (fluorescence intensity of Nile red /lipid droplets complex - FILDs).Results. The addition of SDMG into cryoprotective media reduced the level of denuded oocytes after vitrification. The level of gamete with different degree of cumulus cells expansion (low, medium, high) in the experimental group with 10 % SDMG tended to indicators in the group of native cells. The level of native oocytes with the signs of morphological degeneration (7.7%) had no significant differences with the level of intraovarian vitrified gametes with 10 % SDMG (11 %). The proportion of native oocytes with low FILDs (38.9 %) exceeded the level of oocytes with the above indicator in vitrified oocytes of the control (16.5 %) group and in experimental groups of cells with the addition of 6 % SDMG (4.8 %) and 10 % SDMG (11.8 %, P<0.001).Conclusion. In general, comprehensive monitoring of indicators cryoresistance of COCs in Sus scrofa domesticus subjected to intraovarian vitrification revealed the cryoprotective properties of SDMG. The effects were dose-dependent and were expressed in the stabilization of oocyte-cumulus communication, a decrease in the level of oocytes with the signs of morphological degeneration, and features of the lipidome functioning in intraovarian vitrified female gametes using SDMG at various concentrations.
{"title":"Modernization of the cryoprotective medium compoud for intraovarian vitrification of female gametes of Sus scrofa domesticus","authors":"Т. Kuzmina, D. Starikova","doi":"10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-5-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31043/2410-2733-2023-4-5-12","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Comprehensive analysis of the morphofunctional state of somatic (cumulus) and germ cells (oocytes) of Sus scrofa domesticus subjected to intraovarian vitrification using silicon dimethylglycerolate (SDMG) are presented.Materials and methods. Fragments of porcine ovaries (FsPO) 15×20 mm in size were gradually kept in cryoprotective agents (CPA) prepared in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS): 25 min. in CPA-1 [7.5 % EG (ethylene glycol) with 7.5 % DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide)] and 15 min. in CPA-2 (15 % EG with 15 % DMSO and 0.5 M sucrose). The composition of the CPA-2 in experimental groups was modified by addition of SDMG (at concentrations of 2 %, 6 %, or 10 %). FsPO were stored in liquid nitrogen. FsPO were devitrified by exposure 1 minute in solution 1 (80 % PBS, 20 % FBS, 0.5 mol/l sucrose) and 5 minutes in solution 2 (80 % PBS, 0.25 mol/l sucrose). The following indicators of cryoresistance of devitrified cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were analyzed: degree of cumulus cells expansion; oocyte morphology and the functional status of lipidome in female gametes (fluorescence intensity of Nile red /lipid droplets complex - FILDs).Results. The addition of SDMG into cryoprotective media reduced the level of denuded oocytes after vitrification. The level of gamete with different degree of cumulus cells expansion (low, medium, high) in the experimental group with 10 % SDMG tended to indicators in the group of native cells. The level of native oocytes with the signs of morphological degeneration (7.7%) had no significant differences with the level of intraovarian vitrified gametes with 10 % SDMG (11 %). The proportion of native oocytes with low FILDs (38.9 %) exceeded the level of oocytes with the above indicator in vitrified oocytes of the control (16.5 %) group and in experimental groups of cells with the addition of 6 % SDMG (4.8 %) and 10 % SDMG (11.8 %, P<0.001).Conclusion. In general, comprehensive monitoring of indicators cryoresistance of COCs in Sus scrofa domesticus subjected to intraovarian vitrification revealed the cryoprotective properties of SDMG. The effects were dose-dependent and were expressed in the stabilization of oocyte-cumulus communication, a decrease in the level of oocytes with the signs of morphological degeneration, and features of the lipidome functioning in intraovarian vitrified female gametes using SDMG at various concentrations.","PeriodicalId":346303,"journal":{"name":"Genetics and breeding of animals","volume":"157 S633","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139628934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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