Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171718
A. Hamdy, A. Ouda, A. Kamel, Y. Elhalwagy
nowadays, solving the positioning problem of unmanned ground or aerial vehicle became more and more pivotal. Such vehicles use a navigation system based on the Global Positioning System (GPS) to solve this issue. However, this system could suffer from jamming and satellites visibility especially in harsh environments. Thus, it is necessary to design and implement an integrated system based on the integration between Inertial Navigation System (INS) and GPS to provide a promising solution to guarantee the availability of the positioning solution in these environments. In addition, INS/GPS integration system overcomes the problems faced by each system individually in short and long term accuracy. The purpose of this research is to design and implement an INS/GPS integrated system on an embedded system. It is carried out through two main steps; the first one is the design of an integration algorithm to fuse the INS and the GPS data together using Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). After this step, the second one is the implementation of this system on a Tiva C microcontroller. All the sensors used in hardware implementation are low cost sensor and available on-line as a commercial product. Then, the positioning problem of moving vehicles can be solved by using GPS/INS integration system based on low cost sensors.
{"title":"Land Vehicle Navigation Algorithm Implementation on Cortex-M4 Embedded Processor","authors":"A. Hamdy, A. Ouda, A. Kamel, Y. Elhalwagy","doi":"10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171718","url":null,"abstract":"nowadays, solving the positioning problem of unmanned ground or aerial vehicle became more and more pivotal. Such vehicles use a navigation system based on the Global Positioning System (GPS) to solve this issue. However, this system could suffer from jamming and satellites visibility especially in harsh environments. Thus, it is necessary to design and implement an integrated system based on the integration between Inertial Navigation System (INS) and GPS to provide a promising solution to guarantee the availability of the positioning solution in these environments. In addition, INS/GPS integration system overcomes the problems faced by each system individually in short and long term accuracy. The purpose of this research is to design and implement an INS/GPS integrated system on an embedded system. It is carried out through two main steps; the first one is the design of an integration algorithm to fuse the INS and the GPS data together using Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). After this step, the second one is the implementation of this system on a Tiva C microcontroller. All the sensors used in hardware implementation are low cost sensor and available on-line as a commercial product. Then, the positioning problem of moving vehicles can be solved by using GPS/INS integration system based on low cost sensors.","PeriodicalId":346636,"journal":{"name":"2020 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEENG)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114073705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171756
Mohamed M. Kamel, Sherif Hussein, G. Salama, Y. Elhalwagy
Image matching is one of the most famous applications in computer vision and robotics. It is used for real time target detection and recognition systems. An ideal image matching technique should be robust to different image transformations such as scaling, illumination, noise and rotation. Different feature descriptors and detectors such as SIFT, SURF, BRISK, AKAZE and ORB have been introduced previously. However, each one of them has its own weak points in their matching performance. In this paper, we firstly perform a comprehensive comparison between such image matching techniques and their performance on different datasets of images. Then, we introduce a hybrid technique that combine between different feature descriptors. The experimental results showed that the proposed hybrid technique has improved the robustness of the image matching process. The conducted comparative analysis based on the execution time, number of keypoints detected and number of inliers (good matches after outliers’ rejection) has revealed the power of combined ORB and BRISK feature descriptors, outperforming the other feature descriptors combinations in enhancing the accuracy of matching and detection tasks.
{"title":"Efficient Target Detection Technique Using Image Matching Via Hybrid Feature Descriptors","authors":"Mohamed M. Kamel, Sherif Hussein, G. Salama, Y. Elhalwagy","doi":"10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171756","url":null,"abstract":"Image matching is one of the most famous applications in computer vision and robotics. It is used for real time target detection and recognition systems. An ideal image matching technique should be robust to different image transformations such as scaling, illumination, noise and rotation. Different feature descriptors and detectors such as SIFT, SURF, BRISK, AKAZE and ORB have been introduced previously. However, each one of them has its own weak points in their matching performance. In this paper, we firstly perform a comprehensive comparison between such image matching techniques and their performance on different datasets of images. Then, we introduce a hybrid technique that combine between different feature descriptors. The experimental results showed that the proposed hybrid technique has improved the robustness of the image matching process. The conducted comparative analysis based on the execution time, number of keypoints detected and number of inliers (good matches after outliers’ rejection) has revealed the power of combined ORB and BRISK feature descriptors, outperforming the other feature descriptors combinations in enhancing the accuracy of matching and detection tasks.","PeriodicalId":346636,"journal":{"name":"2020 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEENG)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130061272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171735
Ayman A. Nassar, E. Elsamahy
All jobs that are carried out by humans contain either mental and/or physical stresses. Therefore, quantifying these stresses to certain levels is an essential task to ensure not reaching the breakdown state. This state can lead to failure in maintaining the correct outcome of the job. All research work which are focused on studying the effect of mental stress on humans, require the use of mental stressor that is able to correctly quantify the stress level without adding any extra loads on human. The most common mental stressor that was heavily used in research, according to literature, is the Stroop color stressor. Therefore, some guidelines are required that will be helpful in designing such stressor. Moreover, the proposed guidelines can be applied to the Stroop color test which are believed to restrict the mental stress level to the matching task only with no extra stress load. MATLABO was used as the programming platform that was used to implement a graphical user interface (GUI) for the Stroop color stressor. The proposed guidelines examine the effect of changing the buttons’ sizes and locations in the stressor GUI to detect their influence on the applied mental stress. The validity of the guidelines were verified using the one-way ANOVA test. The proposed guidelines showed that the sizes and locations of the buttons, which are used by the user to respond to the visual matching tasks have very high impact on the applied mental stress level. Therefore, designing the Stroop color stressor GUI with buttons having the same buttons’ sizes and locations apart from the center of the displayed image will correctly apply quantified mental stress levels. Changing the Stroop color stressor’s buttons sizes and locations were found to have some extra mental stress on the human under test. Some guidelines for designing any Stroop color-based mental stressor are proposed based on the results of this study. It is believed that applying such guidelines will ensure diminishing any measurement errors due to the unequal sizes and locations of the stressor’s buttons.
{"title":"Guidelines for Visual Mental Stressors Design","authors":"Ayman A. Nassar, E. Elsamahy","doi":"10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171735","url":null,"abstract":"All jobs that are carried out by humans contain either mental and/or physical stresses. Therefore, quantifying these stresses to certain levels is an essential task to ensure not reaching the breakdown state. This state can lead to failure in maintaining the correct outcome of the job. All research work which are focused on studying the effect of mental stress on humans, require the use of mental stressor that is able to correctly quantify the stress level without adding any extra loads on human. The most common mental stressor that was heavily used in research, according to literature, is the Stroop color stressor. Therefore, some guidelines are required that will be helpful in designing such stressor. Moreover, the proposed guidelines can be applied to the Stroop color test which are believed to restrict the mental stress level to the matching task only with no extra stress load. MATLABO was used as the programming platform that was used to implement a graphical user interface (GUI) for the Stroop color stressor. The proposed guidelines examine the effect of changing the buttons’ sizes and locations in the stressor GUI to detect their influence on the applied mental stress. The validity of the guidelines were verified using the one-way ANOVA test. The proposed guidelines showed that the sizes and locations of the buttons, which are used by the user to respond to the visual matching tasks have very high impact on the applied mental stress level. Therefore, designing the Stroop color stressor GUI with buttons having the same buttons’ sizes and locations apart from the center of the displayed image will correctly apply quantified mental stress levels. Changing the Stroop color stressor’s buttons sizes and locations were found to have some extra mental stress on the human under test. Some guidelines for designing any Stroop color-based mental stressor are proposed based on the results of this study. It is believed that applying such guidelines will ensure diminishing any measurement errors due to the unequal sizes and locations of the stressor’s buttons.","PeriodicalId":346636,"journal":{"name":"2020 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEENG)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130698514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171694
Wael Abdelfattah, H. M. Seoudy, M. Atia
Nowadays, technologies of smart grid have a great interest, and as a result of the depletion of high prices fossil fuels, the Electric vehicles (EVs) are rising in as it is noiseless and smell free, simpler gear system and no cranking handles for vehicle starting. Using the EVs in Egypt will rapidly increase in few next years. EVs addition to the distribution networks is progressively rising and causes much power-energy problems and more negative impacts. This paper planned to develop a real distribution network to be able for EVs integration and then investigates the influences of EVs charging for an actual distribution system in Egypt (ShC-D8) with coordinated and uncoordinated charging patterns for 30 and 100 percent EV penetration. Results show the effect of EVs integration and show how system performances are enhanced.
{"title":"Enhancement of Electric Vehicles Integration into a Real Distribution Network in Egypt","authors":"Wael Abdelfattah, H. M. Seoudy, M. Atia","doi":"10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171694","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, technologies of smart grid have a great interest, and as a result of the depletion of high prices fossil fuels, the Electric vehicles (EVs) are rising in as it is noiseless and smell free, simpler gear system and no cranking handles for vehicle starting. Using the EVs in Egypt will rapidly increase in few next years. EVs addition to the distribution networks is progressively rising and causes much power-energy problems and more negative impacts. This paper planned to develop a real distribution network to be able for EVs integration and then investigates the influences of EVs charging for an actual distribution system in Egypt (ShC-D8) with coordinated and uncoordinated charging patterns for 30 and 100 percent EV penetration. Results show the effect of EVs integration and show how system performances are enhanced.","PeriodicalId":346636,"journal":{"name":"2020 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEENG)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127850413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171710
S. Shelan, Mohammed Hassan, H. Hendy, Y. Elhalwagy
The actuation system plays a significant role in any aerospace system design such as missiles, aircraft, UAVs, and spy-fly. The most commonly used actuation systems for missile applications are electro-mechanical, pneumatic, and hydraulic actuators. The main drawback of pneumatic and hydraulic actuators is that they may suffer from fluids leaks which leads to less reliability. So, in this paper, an electro-mechanical actuator aero fin control (EMA-AFC) is adopted for higher precision control positioning, simplicity, and high durability. The proposed (EMA-AFC) is designed based on missile dynamics constraints and the mechanical design and 3-D simulation are carried out and simulated using solid works software. As the actuation system nonlinearities can negatively affect the whole system performance in this work, a nonlinear actuation system model is presented and the related nonlinear parameters are identified and evaluated through a series of experiments. Also, an optimal PID control synthesis is developed using a genetic algorithm for improving system stability parameters. The proposed controller is implemented using FPGA (system generator) and is accomplished on Xilinx Spartan 3 AN FPGA board. A processor in the loop simulation (PIL) is carried out for evaluating the performance of the actuation system of four rudders, using random input signals to simulate roll, pitch, and yaw angles from autopilot after applying a mapping to deflection angles of the four rudders. The simulation results present high efficiency and robustness for different input signals with rapid amplitude and frequency changes for high dynamics systems.
{"title":"FPGA-based Controller For Electro-Mechanical Fin Actuation System Using Processor In The Loop (PIL)","authors":"S. Shelan, Mohammed Hassan, H. Hendy, Y. Elhalwagy","doi":"10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171710","url":null,"abstract":"The actuation system plays a significant role in any aerospace system design such as missiles, aircraft, UAVs, and spy-fly. The most commonly used actuation systems for missile applications are electro-mechanical, pneumatic, and hydraulic actuators. The main drawback of pneumatic and hydraulic actuators is that they may suffer from fluids leaks which leads to less reliability. So, in this paper, an electro-mechanical actuator aero fin control (EMA-AFC) is adopted for higher precision control positioning, simplicity, and high durability. The proposed (EMA-AFC) is designed based on missile dynamics constraints and the mechanical design and 3-D simulation are carried out and simulated using solid works software. As the actuation system nonlinearities can negatively affect the whole system performance in this work, a nonlinear actuation system model is presented and the related nonlinear parameters are identified and evaluated through a series of experiments. Also, an optimal PID control synthesis is developed using a genetic algorithm for improving system stability parameters. The proposed controller is implemented using FPGA (system generator) and is accomplished on Xilinx Spartan 3 AN FPGA board. A processor in the loop simulation (PIL) is carried out for evaluating the performance of the actuation system of four rudders, using random input signals to simulate roll, pitch, and yaw angles from autopilot after applying a mapping to deflection angles of the four rudders. The simulation results present high efficiency and robustness for different input signals with rapid amplitude and frequency changes for high dynamics systems.","PeriodicalId":346636,"journal":{"name":"2020 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEENG)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131525579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171758
M. A. Ammar, M. Abdel-Latif
A novel jamming technique is proposed to generate effective jamming against synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to protect multiple displaced targets given availability of limited jamming power, which is a typical situation. A smart noise jamming technique is proposed using digital radio frequency memory (DRFM). It allows the jammer to achieve effective jamming in such situation by condensing its power on specific sensitive areas on the SAR image to cover certain targets. This technique utilizes, in its core, the convolution noise jamming which has proven to allow high level of controllability. A closed form of the multichannel convolution noise jamming (MC-CNJ) governs the effect on the SAR receiver is introduced. Parameters introduced to control each jamming channel independently, to produce noise patches with determined size and position in range and azimuth dimensions. Through the proposed technique, a high intensity noise patches are formed to skin limited areas instead off scattering the jamming power over the whole SAR image. The results of simulation using the Matlab clarify the performance of the new jamming technique effect on a real SAR image.
{"title":"A Novel Technique for Generation of Multiple Noise Patches on SAR Image","authors":"M. A. Ammar, M. Abdel-Latif","doi":"10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171758","url":null,"abstract":"A novel jamming technique is proposed to generate effective jamming against synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to protect multiple displaced targets given availability of limited jamming power, which is a typical situation. A smart noise jamming technique is proposed using digital radio frequency memory (DRFM). It allows the jammer to achieve effective jamming in such situation by condensing its power on specific sensitive areas on the SAR image to cover certain targets. This technique utilizes, in its core, the convolution noise jamming which has proven to allow high level of controllability. A closed form of the multichannel convolution noise jamming (MC-CNJ) governs the effect on the SAR receiver is introduced. Parameters introduced to control each jamming channel independently, to produce noise patches with determined size and position in range and azimuth dimensions. Through the proposed technique, a high intensity noise patches are formed to skin limited areas instead off scattering the jamming power over the whole SAR image. The results of simulation using the Matlab clarify the performance of the new jamming technique effect on a real SAR image.","PeriodicalId":346636,"journal":{"name":"2020 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEENG)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129498638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171699
M. Abdalla, M. Barbary, M. R. Amin, Mohamed R. El-Ghonami
This paper presents a new design and implementation of a dual-channel intermediate frequency (IF) receiver for Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) System. The proposed IF receiver achieves the requirements of better sensitivity, wide dynamic range and low noise figure. The proposed IF receiver solves the big Problem in all IF receivers which named by the cross-talk between the dual-channel of mono-pulse receiver. The paper describes the issues and tradeoffs in the design and monolithic implementation of the recently mono-pulse IF receivers and proposes circuit techniques that can alleviate the drawbacks of this architecture. The investigation of how certain components error margin may affect the accuracy of a mono-pulse IF receiver. The IF receiver measures the angle of arrival of the incident signal by comparing sum and difference signals created in the receiver. The components of interest are low noise amplifiers, phase shifters and logarithmic amplifiers, where both can give individual and different errors depending on the antenna steering angle. A model of the receiver was made as close as possible for an ideal case using the ADS Software. The a dual-channel IF mono-pulse receiver for detection of multiple replies from targets is designed and implemented using the assembled prototype. The simulation, implementation and laboratory verification results for different test input are observed and analyzed for performance improvements mainly in secondary radar application such as detection of multiple replies from the target and decoding of data.
{"title":"Design and Implementation of Proposed Low-Cost Dual-Channel IF Receiver for SSR","authors":"M. Abdalla, M. Barbary, M. R. Amin, Mohamed R. El-Ghonami","doi":"10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171699","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new design and implementation of a dual-channel intermediate frequency (IF) receiver for Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) System. The proposed IF receiver achieves the requirements of better sensitivity, wide dynamic range and low noise figure. The proposed IF receiver solves the big Problem in all IF receivers which named by the cross-talk between the dual-channel of mono-pulse receiver. The paper describes the issues and tradeoffs in the design and monolithic implementation of the recently mono-pulse IF receivers and proposes circuit techniques that can alleviate the drawbacks of this architecture. The investigation of how certain components error margin may affect the accuracy of a mono-pulse IF receiver. The IF receiver measures the angle of arrival of the incident signal by comparing sum and difference signals created in the receiver. The components of interest are low noise amplifiers, phase shifters and logarithmic amplifiers, where both can give individual and different errors depending on the antenna steering angle. A model of the receiver was made as close as possible for an ideal case using the ADS Software. The a dual-channel IF mono-pulse receiver for detection of multiple replies from targets is designed and implemented using the assembled prototype. The simulation, implementation and laboratory verification results for different test input are observed and analyzed for performance improvements mainly in secondary radar application such as detection of multiple replies from the target and decoding of data.","PeriodicalId":346636,"journal":{"name":"2020 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEENG)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131760042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171772
Fayza A. Nada
ARQ (Automatic-Repeat-Request) protocols are used in communication applications to ensure reliable delivery of packetized data in the correct sequence. The major used protocols are: Stop and Wait (SW), Go Back N, and Selective Repeat (SR). In this paper we continue studying and measuring the performance of Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) protocols. ARQ protocols are used at Data Link Control (DLC) sub layer of Data Link Layer (DLL) to achieve error control and provide smooth and reliable transmission between nodes. They use acknowledgements and timeouts to satisfy reliable data transmission over noisy channels. This paper analyses the service time distributions of Selective Repeat ARQ protocol used in transmission of short messages over noisy channels. The system is operated according to SW protocol in the message level, while packets in each message are transmitted according to $mathrm{S}mathrm{R}_{infty}$ ARQ protocols. The system is modeled as a stochastic process where it includes senders and receivers. We consider applying $mathrm{S}mathrm{R}_{infty}$ with connection-oriented transmission. The Probability Generating Function of service time is calculated and first and second moments of the service time are derived.
ARQ(自动重复请求)协议用于通信应用，以确保按正确顺序可靠地传送分组数据。主要使用的协议有:停止和等待(SW)、返回N和选择性重复(SR)。本文继续研究和测量自动重复请求(ARQ)协议的性能。在数据链路层(DLL)的DLC (Data Link Control)子层使用ARQ协议实现错误控制，保证节点间传输的流畅可靠。它们使用确认和超时来满足在噪声信道上可靠的数据传输。分析了选择性重复ARQ协议在噪声信道上短讯传输的服务时间分布。系统在消息层按SW协议运行，每条消息中的报文按$mathrm{S}mathrm{R}_{infty}$ ARQ协议传输。该系统被建模为一个随机过程，其中包括发送者和接收者。我们考虑将$mathrm{S}mathrm{R}_{infty}$应用于面向连接的传输。计算了服务时间的概率生成函数，导出了服务时间的一阶矩和二阶矩。
{"title":"Service Time Distribution of Selective Repeat ARQ Protocol Used In Transmitting Short Messages Over Noisy Channels","authors":"Fayza A. Nada","doi":"10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171772","url":null,"abstract":"ARQ (Automatic-Repeat-Request) protocols are used in communication applications to ensure reliable delivery of packetized data in the correct sequence. The major used protocols are: Stop and Wait (SW), Go Back N, and Selective Repeat (SR). In this paper we continue studying and measuring the performance of Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) protocols. ARQ protocols are used at Data Link Control (DLC) sub layer of Data Link Layer (DLL) to achieve error control and provide smooth and reliable transmission between nodes. They use acknowledgements and timeouts to satisfy reliable data transmission over noisy channels. This paper analyses the service time distributions of Selective Repeat ARQ protocol used in transmission of short messages over noisy channels. The system is operated according to SW protocol in the message level, while packets in each message are transmitted according to $mathrm{S}mathrm{R}_{infty}$ ARQ protocols. The system is modeled as a stochastic process where it includes senders and receivers. We consider applying $mathrm{S}mathrm{R}_{infty}$ with connection-oriented transmission. The Probability Generating Function of service time is calculated and first and second moments of the service time are derived.","PeriodicalId":346636,"journal":{"name":"2020 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEENG)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132523151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171751
Fayrouz Allam
Overheating of the overhead transmission line (OHL) is one of the major factors that causes conductor aging due to annealing, deterioration of insulation, and hotspots. Temperature of OHL increases due to weather conditions and the loaded current on the conductors. The static line rated current (SLR) is calculated according to the supposed worst weather conditions of ambient temperature and wind speed. OHL aging due to annealing and hot spots reduces its lifetime and energy efficiency of the transmission lines. In smart grid, OHL temperature should be monitored to avoid overheating which threaten the safety and stability of the power transmission lines. In this research, thermal equations that relate the loaded current (Dynamic line rating DLR) with ambient temperature and OHL temperature are implemented. The implemented equations are used to calculate the dynamic line rated current that should be loaded on OHL without exceeding maximum permissible temperature. The proposed system is our implemented software connected to weather station and line sensor. This program was tested as simulation of real case of congested transmission network. The results show that, using our software can help to avoid overheating and hotspots by reducing the loaded current when the wind speed is lower than the supposed worst case of weather parameters. The results also show that, in real case, using our program protecting OHL from overheating and hot spots at bad weather conditions by lowering the loaded current by 58.5 % than rated current to reduce the temperature of conductor by 91.25% for certain time to protect them from overheating and hotspots.
{"title":"Protecting Overhead Transmission Lines (OHL) from Hot Spots Using Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) Calculations","authors":"Fayrouz Allam","doi":"10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171751","url":null,"abstract":"Overheating of the overhead transmission line (OHL) is one of the major factors that causes conductor aging due to annealing, deterioration of insulation, and hotspots. Temperature of OHL increases due to weather conditions and the loaded current on the conductors. The static line rated current (SLR) is calculated according to the supposed worst weather conditions of ambient temperature and wind speed. OHL aging due to annealing and hot spots reduces its lifetime and energy efficiency of the transmission lines. In smart grid, OHL temperature should be monitored to avoid overheating which threaten the safety and stability of the power transmission lines. In this research, thermal equations that relate the loaded current (Dynamic line rating DLR) with ambient temperature and OHL temperature are implemented. The implemented equations are used to calculate the dynamic line rated current that should be loaded on OHL without exceeding maximum permissible temperature. The proposed system is our implemented software connected to weather station and line sensor. This program was tested as simulation of real case of congested transmission network. The results show that, using our software can help to avoid overheating and hotspots by reducing the loaded current when the wind speed is lower than the supposed worst case of weather parameters. The results also show that, in real case, using our program protecting OHL from overheating and hot spots at bad weather conditions by lowering the loaded current by 58.5 % than rated current to reduce the temperature of conductor by 91.25% for certain time to protect them from overheating and hotspots.","PeriodicalId":346636,"journal":{"name":"2020 12th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEENG)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129357128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1109/ICEENG45378.2020.9171779
M. Mahfouz, A. T. Hafez, M. Ashry, G. Elnashar
Formation reconfiguration is one of the most significant subjects of the collaborative quadrotors unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In this paper, a backstepping-PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller is used with a group of multiple collaborative quadrotors to track desired predesigned trajectory. The proposed backstepping-PID controller composed of two-loops of control. First loop is an external-loop for the higher-controller for position control, and the second loop is an internal-loop for the lower-controller for attitude control. The proposed controller uses a backstepping controller as a higher-controller and an PID controller as a lowercontroller. The main contribution in this paper is resolving the formation reconfiguration issue for the collaborative quadrotors in dynamic moving obstacles-loaded environment. Simulation results of collaborative quadrotors show that the proposed backstepping-PID controller enables formation reconfiguration of the collaborative quadrotors to keep a desired formation guaranteeing the obstacle-avoidance operation. The results show the split-rejoin capability of the backstepping-PID controller to retain the original formation configuration of the group. The results of the backstepping-PID controller are compared to a studied earlier backstepping controller in presence and absence of model uncertainty.
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