Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977108
G. Crain, M. Yeary, C. Kidder, A. Zahrai, G. Zhang, R. Doviak, R. Palmer, T. Yu, M. Xue, Y. Zhang, Q. Xu, P. Chilson
The National Weather Radar Testbed (NWRT) system is based on WSR-88D technology enhanced with the significant capability of a Phased Array Antenna. The agile beam capability provides a unique and powerful tool to focus weather radar asset on observation of severe weather phenomena including structures that lead to formation of these storms. The NWRT system has demonstrated the ability to provide weather data consistent with that from adjacent WSR systems at greatly reduced volume coverage time. Significant success has been reported in use of this tool for gathering and presenting specific, real-time storm-cell 3-D data to weather scientists and meteorologists for in-depth interpretation of these pencil-beam radar returns. Specific extensions to the conventional weather radar capabilities now in place include Beam Multiplexing (spatial filtering), Oversampling and Whitening (signal processing) and Transverse Wind Estimation (multi-beam). The latter capability has recently been added by activating the difference beam channels of the array and sequentially sampling and comparing these with the conventional sum-only mode. Under the auspices of a National Science Foundation, Major Research Instrument (NSF/MRI) grant, and in cooperation with the United States Navy, the NWRT is now being extended with an 8-channel digital receiver for simultaneous processing of sum, difference and ancillary beam returns. Expectations are high that application of multi-beam adaptation algorithms and other signal processing techniques using multiple channels will lead to improved detection and storm queuing techniques to greatly extend the forecast lead time for severe storms. Multi-channel capability also opens the NWRT for the possibility of testing Multi-Function radar system algorithms and operations. This paper will describe the attributes of the COTS, rf-system extensions and the specific steps being taken to baseline these changes to the current NWRT system performance.
{"title":"Multi-channel conversion of the National Weather Radar Testbed receiver","authors":"G. Crain, M. Yeary, C. Kidder, A. Zahrai, G. Zhang, R. Doviak, R. Palmer, T. Yu, M. Xue, Y. Zhang, Q. Xu, P. Chilson","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977108","url":null,"abstract":"The National Weather Radar Testbed (NWRT) system is based on WSR-88D technology enhanced with the significant capability of a Phased Array Antenna. The agile beam capability provides a unique and powerful tool to focus weather radar asset on observation of severe weather phenomena including structures that lead to formation of these storms. The NWRT system has demonstrated the ability to provide weather data consistent with that from adjacent WSR systems at greatly reduced volume coverage time. Significant success has been reported in use of this tool for gathering and presenting specific, real-time storm-cell 3-D data to weather scientists and meteorologists for in-depth interpretation of these pencil-beam radar returns. Specific extensions to the conventional weather radar capabilities now in place include Beam Multiplexing (spatial filtering), Oversampling and Whitening (signal processing) and Transverse Wind Estimation (multi-beam). The latter capability has recently been added by activating the difference beam channels of the array and sequentially sampling and comparing these with the conventional sum-only mode. Under the auspices of a National Science Foundation, Major Research Instrument (NSF/MRI) grant, and in cooperation with the United States Navy, the NWRT is now being extended with an 8-channel digital receiver for simultaneous processing of sum, difference and ancillary beam returns. Expectations are high that application of multi-beam adaptation algorithms and other signal processing techniques using multiple channels will lead to improved detection and storm queuing techniques to greatly extend the forecast lead time for severe storms. Multi-channel capability also opens the NWRT for the possibility of testing Multi-Function radar system algorithms and operations. This paper will describe the attributes of the COTS, rf-system extensions and the specific steps being taken to baseline these changes to the current NWRT system performance.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133574561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977102
Bo Li, Bin Xu, Yeshu Yuan
A modified array interpolation approach to correlated source localization is presented for the surface wave radar (SWR) that employs multiple uniform linear subarrays (ULSAs) mounted on different ships to compose a multistatic shipborne SWR receiving array. This approach that overcomes the main shortcomings of some existing interpolation techniques, comprises three stages: a first stage for preestimating direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) on an assumption that at least a single ULSA is available for correlated source localization, a second stage for specifying a union of nonoverlapping narrow subsectors as the interpolated sector to cover only the preestimates, and a third stage for reestimating DOAs with the virtual uniform linear array (VULA), in which we skip noise prewhitening and appropriately increase the amount of forward/backward spatial smoothing (FBSS) that plays a major role in lowering noise floor while decorrelating correlated sources. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the validity of our proposal.
{"title":"Enhanced DOA visibility of correlated sources for multistatic shipborne surface wave radar","authors":"Bo Li, Bin Xu, Yeshu Yuan","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977102","url":null,"abstract":"A modified array interpolation approach to correlated source localization is presented for the surface wave radar (SWR) that employs multiple uniform linear subarrays (ULSAs) mounted on different ships to compose a multistatic shipborne SWR receiving array. This approach that overcomes the main shortcomings of some existing interpolation techniques, comprises three stages: a first stage for preestimating direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) on an assumption that at least a single ULSA is available for correlated source localization, a second stage for specifying a union of nonoverlapping narrow subsectors as the interpolated sector to cover only the preestimates, and a third stage for reestimating DOAs with the virtual uniform linear array (VULA), in which we skip noise prewhitening and appropriately increase the amount of forward/backward spatial smoothing (FBSS) that plays a major role in lowering noise floor while decorrelating correlated sources. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the validity of our proposal.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128064958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976944
Xie Wei, Xiong Jian
A novel transmitting wide DBF algorithm based on time-domain filter is presented in this paper. The mature FIR filter was used to form transmitting wideband digital beam in time domain. The signal with continuous phase cannot be transmitted by frequency-domain algorithm. The right beam direction in non-reference frequency point couldn't get by adaptive filter algorithm. Many flaws in traditional method can be overcome by the method in this article. Finally, the practicability and validity of the proposed algorithm were proved by computer simulation.
{"title":"A transmitting wideband DBF algorithm based on time-domain filter","authors":"Xie Wei, Xiong Jian","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976944","url":null,"abstract":"A novel transmitting wide DBF algorithm based on time-domain filter is presented in this paper. The mature FIR filter was used to form transmitting wideband digital beam in time domain. The signal with continuous phase cannot be transmitted by frequency-domain algorithm. The right beam direction in non-reference frequency point couldn't get by adaptive filter algorithm. Many flaws in traditional method can be overcome by the method in this article. Finally, the practicability and validity of the proposed algorithm were proved by computer simulation.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133457375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976968
M. Reiher, Bin Yang
In LFMCW (linear frequency modulated continuous wave) radar, there is a nonzero probability for mismatches to occur under certain conditions. This probability strongly depends on the modulation employed as well as on the distribution of targets in the radar's field of view, i.e. the application of the radar sensor. Hence to reduce mismatches in a given application, an effective approach is to carefully design the modulation used. Instead of utilizing extensive simulations, we derive the distribution of mismatches analytically, solely based on the modulation parameters and a given distribution of targets. Based on that mismatch distribution, an application-specific optimization of the modulation is feasible.
{"title":"Derivation of the frequency mismatch probability in linear FMCW radar based on target distribution","authors":"M. Reiher, Bin Yang","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976968","url":null,"abstract":"In LFMCW (linear frequency modulated continuous wave) radar, there is a nonzero probability for mismatches to occur under certain conditions. This probability strongly depends on the modulation employed as well as on the distribution of targets in the radar's field of view, i.e. the application of the radar sensor. Hence to reduce mismatches in a given application, an effective approach is to carefully design the modulation used. Instead of utilizing extensive simulations, we derive the distribution of mismatches analytically, solely based on the modulation parameters and a given distribution of targets. Based on that mismatch distribution, an application-specific optimization of the modulation is feasible.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133800769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977109
T. Roy, D. Meena, L. Prakasam
Array beam forming techniques exist that can yield multiple, simultaneously available beams. The beams can be made to have high gain and low sidelobe levels or controlled beam width. Beam forming techniques dynamically adjust the array pattern to optimize some characteristic of the received signal. Antenna arrays using beam-forming techniques can reject interfering signals having a direction of arrival different from that of desired signal. The principal reason of interest is their ability to automatically steer nulls into undesired sources of interferences, thereby reducing output noise and enhancing the detection of desired signal. Digital beam forming is thus a powerful technique for boosting the antenna performance. Our work emphasizes on the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) based digital technique adopted for the implementation of fixed beam forming. This paper mainly focuses on the implementation solution provided by utilizing the efficient FPGA resources so as to meet the timings in the crucial application of beam forming. Extensive use of intellectual properties of Xilinx has been employed keeping in mind the time efficiency it provides. Beam forming and beam scanning are generally accomplished by phasing the feed to each element of an array so that signals received from all the elements will be in phase in particular direction. This is the direction of the maximum beam.The FPGA based approach facilitates the design with high degree of flexibility, reliability and upgradeability. The implementation also overcomes the main difficulty of compensating minute propagation delays often encountered while using beam forming for radar applications. The paper discusses all the critical implementation issues that are taken care of in the development of the efficient FPGA structure for implementation.
{"title":"FPGA based Digital Beam Forming for Radars","authors":"T. Roy, D. Meena, L. Prakasam","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977109","url":null,"abstract":"Array beam forming techniques exist that can yield multiple, simultaneously available beams. The beams can be made to have high gain and low sidelobe levels or controlled beam width. Beam forming techniques dynamically adjust the array pattern to optimize some characteristic of the received signal. Antenna arrays using beam-forming techniques can reject interfering signals having a direction of arrival different from that of desired signal. The principal reason of interest is their ability to automatically steer nulls into undesired sources of interferences, thereby reducing output noise and enhancing the detection of desired signal. Digital beam forming is thus a powerful technique for boosting the antenna performance. Our work emphasizes on the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) based digital technique adopted for the implementation of fixed beam forming. This paper mainly focuses on the implementation solution provided by utilizing the efficient FPGA resources so as to meet the timings in the crucial application of beam forming. Extensive use of intellectual properties of Xilinx has been employed keeping in mind the time efficiency it provides. Beam forming and beam scanning are generally accomplished by phasing the feed to each element of an array so that signals received from all the elements will be in phase in particular direction. This is the direction of the maximum beam.The FPGA based approach facilitates the design with high degree of flexibility, reliability and upgradeability. The implementation also overcomes the main difficulty of compensating minute propagation delays often encountered while using beam forming for radar applications. The paper discusses all the critical implementation issues that are taken care of in the development of the efficient FPGA structure for implementation.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134515162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977058
A. Dadello, A. Fattorini, S. Mahon, M. G. McCulloch, J. Harvey
A combined two-bit phase-shifter and two-stage, 27-dBm power amplifier has been designed for Ka-band applications. The integration of these functions allows compact assemblies with low inter-stage losses to be realised while the use of a commercial 6-inch foundry reduces cost. High density applications are made more practicable through the high PAE achieved (40 to 45%), thus easing the heat management problems associated with phased-array applications at high frequencies. The typical mid-band RMS magnitude variation is 1.3 dB with an RMS phase error of 6 degrees, an input return loss of 10 dB and output return loss of 15 dB for all states. The MMIC size is 3.85 mm2.
{"title":"A 35 GHz two-bit amplified phase-shifter","authors":"A. Dadello, A. Fattorini, S. Mahon, M. G. McCulloch, J. Harvey","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977058","url":null,"abstract":"A combined two-bit phase-shifter and two-stage, 27-dBm power amplifier has been designed for Ka-band applications. The integration of these functions allows compact assemblies with low inter-stage losses to be realised while the use of a commercial 6-inch foundry reduces cost. High density applications are made more practicable through the high PAE achieved (40 to 45%), thus easing the heat management problems associated with phased-array applications at high frequencies. The typical mid-band RMS magnitude variation is 1.3 dB with an RMS phase error of 6 degrees, an input return loss of 10 dB and output return loss of 15 dB for all states. The MMIC size is 3.85 mm2.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131938709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977131
Yutao He, C. Le, J. Zheng, K. Nguyen, D. Bekker
ISAAC is a highly capable, highly reusable, modular, and integrated FPGA-based common instrument control and computing platform for a wide range of instrument needs as defined in the Earth Science National Research Council (NRC) Decadal Survey Report. This paper presents its motivation, technical approach, and the infrastructure elements. It also describes the first prototype, ISAAC I, and its application in the design of SMAP L-band radar digital filter.
{"title":"ISAAC - a case of highly-reusable, highly-capable computing and control platform for radar applications","authors":"Yutao He, C. Le, J. Zheng, K. Nguyen, D. Bekker","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977131","url":null,"abstract":"ISAAC is a highly capable, highly reusable, modular, and integrated FPGA-based common instrument control and computing platform for a wide range of instrument needs as defined in the Earth Science National Research Council (NRC) Decadal Survey Report. This paper presents its motivation, technical approach, and the infrastructure elements. It also describes the first prototype, ISAAC I, and its application in the design of SMAP L-band radar digital filter.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"680 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132485406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977097
D. Long
Post processing reconstruction and resolution enhancement algorithms can be applied to Cassini Titan Radar Mapper data to improve the image resolution for scatterometermode imagery. Reconstruction algorithms can also yield enhanced resolution images when multiple passes are combined. This paper briefly describes the application of the AVE and the Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) algorithms to Cassini Radar data. Some sample results are provided. A comparison with the Backus-Gilbert algorithm is also provided.
{"title":"Spatial resolution enhancement of Cassini Titan Radar mapper data","authors":"D. Long","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977097","url":null,"abstract":"Post processing reconstruction and resolution enhancement algorithms can be applied to Cassini Titan Radar Mapper data to improve the image resolution for scatterometermode imagery. Reconstruction algorithms can also yield enhanced resolution images when multiple passes are combined. This paper briefly describes the application of the AVE and the Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (SIR) algorithms to Cassini Radar data. Some sample results are provided. A comparison with the Backus-Gilbert algorithm is also provided.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116215765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977072
L. Baldini, E. Gorgucci, V. Romaniello, V. Chandrasekar
Ground validation is an essential part of all satellite precipitation missions aiming to describe clouds and precipitation parameters. It helps to characterize errors, quantify measurement uncertainty, and provide insight into the physical and statistical basis of the retrieval algorithms. Dual-polarization weather radar is a very powerful tool for many important issues of the validation process. This paper presents various aspects considered to develop C-band dual-polarization weather radar products specifically tailored for ground validation of precipitation satellite measurements. Examples are provided by case studies observed with the CNR-ISAC Polar 55C radar operating in Rome (Italy).
{"title":"Ground validation of satellite measurements of precipitation with C-band polarimetric radar","authors":"L. Baldini, E. Gorgucci, V. Romaniello, V. Chandrasekar","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977072","url":null,"abstract":"Ground validation is an essential part of all satellite precipitation missions aiming to describe clouds and precipitation parameters. It helps to characterize errors, quantify measurement uncertainty, and provide insight into the physical and statistical basis of the retrieval algorithms. Dual-polarization weather radar is a very powerful tool for many important issues of the validation process. This paper presents various aspects considered to develop C-band dual-polarization weather radar products specifically tailored for ground validation of precipitation satellite measurements. Examples are provided by case studies observed with the CNR-ISAC Polar 55C radar operating in Rome (Italy).","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116400973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977005
E. Pancera, T. Zwick, W. Wiesbeck
In this paper the time domain responses of UWB Radar signals from scattering targets are analyzed. In particular, the aim of this paper is to investigate the pulse distortion of UWB Radar signals by a scattering object, i.e. how does the scattered signal vary with respect to the Radar signal incident on the object itself. The investigation is performed analyzing the polarimetric responses of different targets (flat plate, sphere). The time domain description (impulse response and pulse preserving capability) of a generic scattering process is mathematically described. Then for verification and application, these prior defined quantities are experimentally measured for two particular targets, a flat plate and a sphere.
{"title":"Correlation properties of UWB Radar target impulse responses","authors":"E. Pancera, T. Zwick, W. Wiesbeck","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977005","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the time domain responses of UWB Radar signals from scattering targets are analyzed. In particular, the aim of this paper is to investigate the pulse distortion of UWB Radar signals by a scattering object, i.e. how does the scattered signal vary with respect to the Radar signal incident on the object itself. The investigation is performed analyzing the polarimetric responses of different targets (flat plate, sphere). The time domain description (impulse response and pulse preserving capability) of a generic scattering process is mathematically described. Then for verification and application, these prior defined quantities are experimentally measured for two particular targets, a flat plate and a sphere.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115577849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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