Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977000
M. Zatman
When exploiting the output from multiple transmitters to enhance some aspect of radar performance, MIMO radars need to coordinate transmissions so that each transmitter illuminates the target. This paper analyzes the performance of standard beam steering techniques for search radars, and proposes a new technique that optimizes coverage out to the radar's instrumented range.
{"title":"Beam steering techniques for phased array multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) search radars","authors":"M. Zatman","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977000","url":null,"abstract":"When exploiting the output from multiple transmitters to enhance some aspect of radar performance, MIMO radars need to coordinate transmissions so that each transmitter illuminates the target. This paper analyzes the performance of standard beam steering techniques for search radars, and proposes a new technique that optimizes coverage out to the radar's instrumented range.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128801131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977135
R. Romanofsky, Carlton Mueller, C. Chandrasekar
This work proposes a concept on a novel scanning phased array, based on thin film ferroelectric phase shifters, for an X-band precipitation monostatic radar.
这项工作提出了一种基于薄膜铁电移相器的新型扫描相控阵的概念，用于x波段降水单站雷达。
{"title":"Concept for a low cost, high efficiency precipitation radar system based on ferroelectric reflectarray antenna","authors":"R. Romanofsky, Carlton Mueller, C. Chandrasekar","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977135","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes a concept on a novel scanning phased array, based on thin film ferroelectric phase shifters, for an X-band precipitation monostatic radar.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127979129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977069
Ningbo Liu, Zhiyu Che, J. Guan, Jian Zhang
This paper introduces fractal-based variable step-size least mean square(FB-VSLMS) algorithm and proposes a model for radar target detection in sea clutter. FB-VSLMS algorithm deals with a specific class of fractal signals and except one of the step-size parameters requiring time-varying constraints, the constraints on the remaining parameters are time-invariant. And the step-size matrix is determined completely with the knowledge of the deterministic Hurst exponent. The model based on this algorithm is suited for tracking signals from the family of fractal signals that are inherently nonstationary. In the end, the performance of the novel model is analyzed. By the verification of X-band real sea clutter, the model is shown to be effective for point target detection in sea clutter.
{"title":"Fractal-based variable step-size least mean square algorithm for radar target detection in sea clutter","authors":"Ningbo Liu, Zhiyu Che, J. Guan, Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977069","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces fractal-based variable step-size least mean square(FB-VSLMS) algorithm and proposes a model for radar target detection in sea clutter. FB-VSLMS algorithm deals with a specific class of fractal signals and except one of the step-size parameters requiring time-varying constraints, the constraints on the remaining parameters are time-invariant. And the step-size matrix is determined completely with the knowledge of the deterministic Hurst exponent. The model based on this algorithm is suited for tracking signals from the family of fractal signals that are inherently nonstationary. In the end, the performance of the novel model is analyzed. By the verification of X-band real sea clutter, the model is shown to be effective for point target detection in sea clutter.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130484637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977082
J. Reis, S. Hensley, M.A.J. Williams, D. Woods
GeoSAR is a single pass, dual frequency (X-band and P-band) interferometric mapping radar designed to map both top vegetation canopies and the terrain beneath the canopy. This system was developed from 1998–2003 as a joint effort of NASA JPL and EarthData under sponsorship of DARPA and NGA. The system is flown on a G-II aircraft and maps 10–12 km swaths simultaneously on both sides of the aircraft to generate high quality DEMs and imagery at both X-band and P-band. The system was later augmented with a nadir-pointing lidar profiler system to generate highly accurate control points that can be used in generating large area mosaics. Over the last 5 years the field of polarimetric interferometry has shown great utility in mapping the top of canopies and the underlying terrain with a great deal of accuracy at both L-band and P-band. This paper discusses an upgrade of the GeoSAR dual-pol (HH, HV) P-band interferometer to a fully polarimetric interferometer (HH, HV, VH, VV). We present both hardware and processor changes to the GeoSAR system needed for fully polarimetric interferometric operation.
{"title":"Updating GeoSAR for full-pol interferometric capability","authors":"J. Reis, S. Hensley, M.A.J. Williams, D. Woods","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977082","url":null,"abstract":"GeoSAR is a single pass, dual frequency (X-band and P-band) interferometric mapping radar designed to map both top vegetation canopies and the terrain beneath the canopy. This system was developed from 1998–2003 as a joint effort of NASA JPL and EarthData under sponsorship of DARPA and NGA. The system is flown on a G-II aircraft and maps 10–12 km swaths simultaneously on both sides of the aircraft to generate high quality DEMs and imagery at both X-band and P-band. The system was later augmented with a nadir-pointing lidar profiler system to generate highly accurate control points that can be used in generating large area mosaics. Over the last 5 years the field of polarimetric interferometry has shown great utility in mapping the top of canopies and the underlying terrain with a great deal of accuracy at both L-band and P-band. This paper discusses an upgrade of the GeoSAR dual-pol (HH, HV) P-band interferometer to a fully polarimetric interferometer (HH, HV, VH, VV). We present both hardware and processor changes to the GeoSAR system needed for fully polarimetric interferometric operation.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122505120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977113
J. Kirk
Goleta has been developing low-cost and lite-weight MMW SAR / MTI radar technology, under DOD and private funding. Initial models of two different radars have been built, the LUAVR and the LCLPR. The current LUAVR (Lite-weight UAV radar) configuration weighs in at 18-lbs and the first LCLPR version (Low-Cost Low-Power Radar) weighs in at 2-lbs. Initial testing was done from the roof of a van simulating a low flying UAV. Currently the LUAVR is flying in an ultra-lite as part of a UAS demonstration system. The system is comprised of both airborne and ground segments with a data link connecting the two. The system has been flying and gathering SAR and MTI data continuously since January of 2008.
{"title":"Evolution of lite-weight SAR/MTI technology","authors":"J. Kirk","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977113","url":null,"abstract":"Goleta has been developing low-cost and lite-weight MMW SAR / MTI radar technology, under DOD and private funding. Initial models of two different radars have been built, the LUAVR and the LCLPR. The current LUAVR (Lite-weight UAV radar) configuration weighs in at 18-lbs and the first LCLPR version (Low-Cost Low-Power Radar) weighs in at 2-lbs. Initial testing was done from the roof of a van simulating a low flying UAV. Currently the LUAVR is flying in an ultra-lite as part of a UAS demonstration system. The system is comprised of both airborne and ground segments with a data link connecting the two. The system has been flying and gathering SAR and MTI data continuously since January of 2008.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"49 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131673493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977139
Y. Lasne, P. Paillou, A. Freeman, B. Chapman
The present study aims at understanding the influence of salinity on the dielectric constant of soils and then on the backscattering coefficients recorded by airborne / spaceborne SAR systems. Based on dielectric measurements performed over hyper-saline deposits in Death Valley (CA), as well as laboratory electromagnetic characterization of salts and water mixtures, we used the dielectric constants as input parameters of analytical IEM simulations to model both the amplitude and phase behaviors of SAR signal at C, and L-bands. Our analytical simulations allow to reproduce specific copolar signatures recorded in SAR data, corresponding to the Cottonball Basin saltpan. We also propose the copolar backscattering ratio and phase difference as indicators of moistened and salt-affected soils. More precisely, we show that these copolar indicators should allow to monitor the seasonal variations of the dielectric properties of saline deposits.
{"title":"SAR imagery applied to the monitoring of hyper-saline deposits: Death Valley example (CA)","authors":"Y. Lasne, P. Paillou, A. Freeman, B. Chapman","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977139","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims at understanding the influence of salinity on the dielectric constant of soils and then on the backscattering coefficients recorded by airborne / spaceborne SAR systems. Based on dielectric measurements performed over hyper-saline deposits in Death Valley (CA), as well as laboratory electromagnetic characterization of salts and water mixtures, we used the dielectric constants as input parameters of analytical IEM simulations to model both the amplitude and phase behaviors of SAR signal at C, and L-bands. Our analytical simulations allow to reproduce specific copolar signatures recorded in SAR data, corresponding to the Cottonball Basin saltpan. We also propose the copolar backscattering ratio and phase difference as indicators of moistened and salt-affected soils. More precisely, we show that these copolar indicators should allow to monitor the seasonal variations of the dielectric properties of saline deposits.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132338676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976993
R. Riddolls, R. Adve
High Frequency Surface Wave Radar (HFSWR) is a technology used for over-the-horizon detection of ocean vessels. This radar exploits the diffraction of electromagnetic waves around the curved surface of the Earth. To minimize the attenuation of the diffracted waves, the radar must operate at frequencies in the lower part of the high frequency (HF) band. However, radar signals at these frequencies also reflect from the Earth's ionosphere, which leads to radar clutter at ranges beyond 200 km. The linear broadside receive arrays used by conventional HFSWR systems cannot filter out this clutter as the arrays do not have any resolving power in elevation angle. Reported here are experimental investigations of the clutter suppression capability of one- and two-dimensional HFSWR adaptive processors. Three configurations are compared: one-dimensional spatial adaptive processing, two-dimensional spatial adaptive processing, and space-time adaptive processing. In all cases the number of adaptive degrees of freedom is 16. It is found that the best results are achieved by two-dimensional spatial adaptive processing, where a processing gain of up to about 20 dB can be achieved.
{"title":"Two-dimensional adaptive processing for ionospheric clutter mitigation in High Frequency Surface Wave Radar","authors":"R. Riddolls, R. Adve","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976993","url":null,"abstract":"High Frequency Surface Wave Radar (HFSWR) is a technology used for over-the-horizon detection of ocean vessels. This radar exploits the diffraction of electromagnetic waves around the curved surface of the Earth. To minimize the attenuation of the diffracted waves, the radar must operate at frequencies in the lower part of the high frequency (HF) band. However, radar signals at these frequencies also reflect from the Earth's ionosphere, which leads to radar clutter at ranges beyond 200 km. The linear broadside receive arrays used by conventional HFSWR systems cannot filter out this clutter as the arrays do not have any resolving power in elevation angle. Reported here are experimental investigations of the clutter suppression capability of one- and two-dimensional HFSWR adaptive processors. Three configurations are compared: one-dimensional spatial adaptive processing, two-dimensional spatial adaptive processing, and space-time adaptive processing. In all cases the number of adaptive degrees of freedom is 16. It is found that the best results are achieved by two-dimensional spatial adaptive processing, where a processing gain of up to about 20 dB can be achieved.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126908555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977032
J. Jenshak, J. Stiles
This paper lays out a technique for designing QAM codes for radar. It will be shown that the QAM codes designed by the algorithm described in this paper result in significantly better target profile estimation error than other similar codes. In addition a method will be described to write a QAM code as the coherent super position of PSK codes which should ease some of the practical implementation issues of QAM codes.
{"title":"Computation of QAM radar transmit signals with low autocorrelation side lobes","authors":"J. Jenshak, J. Stiles","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977032","url":null,"abstract":"This paper lays out a technique for designing QAM codes for radar. It will be shown that the QAM codes designed by the algorithm described in this paper result in significantly better target profile estimation error than other similar codes. In addition a method will be described to write a QAM code as the coherent super position of PSK codes which should ease some of the practical implementation issues of QAM codes.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126914064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976960
C. Cantini, E. La Rosa, A. Lo Re, A. Di Lallo
The Passive Coherent Location system described by Howland et al. in [1] is taken as a case study to demonstrate the Cell BE processor capabilities in signal processing applications; we implemented the whole processing chain on a single blade achieving interesting performances.
{"title":"Passive coherent locator signal processor on IBM Cell broadband engine (Cell BE)","authors":"C. Cantini, E. La Rosa, A. Lo Re, A. Di Lallo","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976960","url":null,"abstract":"The Passive Coherent Location system described by Howland et al. in [1] is taken as a case study to demonstrate the Cell BE processor capabilities in signal processing applications; we implemented the whole processing chain on a single blade achieving interesting performances.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128149717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976990
Abdulkadir Eryildirim, A. Enis Cetin
In this paper, a novel descriptive feature parameter extraction method from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images is proposed. The new method is based on the two-dimensional (2-D) real cepstrum. This novel 2-D cepstrum method is compared with principal component analysis (PCA) method by testing over the MSTAR image database. The extracted features are classified using Support Vector Machine (SVM). We demonstrate that discrimination of natural background (clutter) and man-made objects (metal objects) in SAR imagery is possible using the 2-D cepstrum feature parameters. In addition, the computational cost of the cepstrum method is lower than the PCA method. Experimental results are presented.
{"title":"Man-made object classification in SAR images using 2-D cepstrum","authors":"Abdulkadir Eryildirim, A. Enis Cetin","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976990","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel descriptive feature parameter extraction method from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images is proposed. The new method is based on the two-dimensional (2-D) real cepstrum. This novel 2-D cepstrum method is compared with principal component analysis (PCA) method by testing over the MSTAR image database. The extracted features are classified using Support Vector Machine (SVM). We demonstrate that discrimination of natural background (clutter) and man-made objects (metal objects) in SAR imagery is possible using the 2-D cepstrum feature parameters. In addition, the computational cost of the cepstrum method is lower than the PCA method. Experimental results are presented.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124189191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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