Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976922
X. Mao, Daiyin Zhu, Ling Wang, Zhaoda Zhu
The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signatures of moving target are the basis of ground moving target detection and imaging (GMTI&Im). However, previous studies are mainly focused on the influence of target's motion on phase history; and little work has been done to investigate the signatures of moving target after the application of a particular SAR image formation algorithm. In this paper, we derive the image spectrum of moving target after polar format algorithm (PFA) processing. Based on this image spectrum, detailed analysis on the SAR signatures of moving target, including the geometric displacement, residual range migration, range and azimuth defocusing are performed. Simulation results validate the theoretical analysis.
{"title":"Response of polar format algorithm to moving target with consideration of wavefront curvature","authors":"X. Mao, Daiyin Zhu, Ling Wang, Zhaoda Zhu","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976922","url":null,"abstract":"The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signatures of moving target are the basis of ground moving target detection and imaging (GMTI&Im). However, previous studies are mainly focused on the influence of target's motion on phase history; and little work has been done to investigate the signatures of moving target after the application of a particular SAR image formation algorithm. In this paper, we derive the image spectrum of moving target after polar format algorithm (PFA) processing. Based on this image spectrum, detailed analysis on the SAR signatures of moving target, including the geometric displacement, residual range migration, range and azimuth defocusing are performed. Simulation results validate the theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121112578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976971
A. Montanari, D. Zei
This paper presents the results of the long term statistical analysis performed over real multi-channel radar data collected during the flight tests of the SOSTAR-X avionic program. The analyzed datasets include clutter echo samples collected in GMTI operational modes over a number of geographic Regions, each containing homogeneous clutter sources. Temporal and spatial correlation properties are investigated for each region as well as their statistical behavior. The Clutter amplitude cumulative distributions are analyzed and compared to standard models (Rayleigh, K, Weibull and Lognormal) via Cramer-Von Mises distance. Power spectra are then estimated and compared with widely used models.
{"title":"SOSTAR-X flight tests: Statistical analysis of avionic GMTI radar data","authors":"A. Montanari, D. Zei","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976971","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of the long term statistical analysis performed over real multi-channel radar data collected during the flight tests of the SOSTAR-X avionic program. The analyzed datasets include clutter echo samples collected in GMTI operational modes over a number of geographic Regions, each containing homogeneous clutter sources. Temporal and spatial correlation properties are investigated for each region as well as their statistical behavior. The Clutter amplitude cumulative distributions are analyzed and compared to standard models (Rayleigh, K, Weibull and Lognormal) via Cramer-Von Mises distance. Power spectra are then estimated and compared with widely used models.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123857655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977002
C. Sturm, E. Pancera, T. Zwick, W. Wiesbeck
In this paper a novel approach for the calculation of the radar range profile in OFDM radar systems is presented. The proposed algorithm operates directly on the modulation symbols and overcomes the typical drawbacks of correlation based baseband signal processing. An example system configuration as well as simulation results from a dedicated MatLab model will be presented and discussed.
{"title":"A novel approach to OFDM radar processing","authors":"C. Sturm, E. Pancera, T. Zwick, W. Wiesbeck","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977002","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a novel approach for the calculation of the radar range profile in OFDM radar systems is presented. The proposed algorithm operates directly on the modulation symbols and overcomes the typical drawbacks of correlation based baseband signal processing. An example system configuration as well as simulation results from a dedicated MatLab model will be presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121446753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976932
L. Kong, G. Cui, Xiaobo Yang, Jianyu Yang
Three-dimensional imaging can provide more detail information of the target than two-dimensional image, which can be used to identify the target. Thus, it is very useful for detecting in enclosed structures or behind the obstacle. This paper mainly research on the three-dimensional through-the-wall human imaging and introduce an approximate method to calculate the propagation delay when electromagnetic wave passing through the wall. The refraction point can be computed directly by specific rule rather than searched the solution of complicated transcendental equation. We will design the experiment to validate the proposed method.
{"title":"Three-dimensional human imaging for through-the-wall radar","authors":"L. Kong, G. Cui, Xiaobo Yang, Jianyu Yang","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976932","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional imaging can provide more detail information of the target than two-dimensional image, which can be used to identify the target. Thus, it is very useful for detecting in enclosed structures or behind the obstacle. This paper mainly research on the three-dimensional through-the-wall human imaging and introduce an approximate method to calculate the propagation delay when electromagnetic wave passing through the wall. The refraction point can be computed directly by specific rule rather than searched the solution of complicated transcendental equation. We will design the experiment to validate the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121482728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976972
M. Malanowski, K. Kulpa
In the paper, an analysis of bistatic tracking accuracy in passive radar is presented. The influence of parameters such as integration time, probability of false alarm, signal-to-noise ratio and spectral density of process noise is investigated. Simulations are performed for three popular types of illuminators of opportunity: FM, DAB and DVB-T.
{"title":"Analysis of bistatic tracking accuracy in passive radar","authors":"M. Malanowski, K. Kulpa","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976972","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, an analysis of bistatic tracking accuracy in passive radar is presented. The influence of parameters such as integration time, probability of false alarm, signal-to-noise ratio and spectral density of process noise is investigated. Simulations are performed for three popular types of illuminators of opportunity: FM, DAB and DVB-T.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121483729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977071
M. Wada, Junichi Horikomi, F. Mizutani
Today, amid mounting sense of crisis of concentrated heavy rains, weather radars are of growing importance in weather observation and prediction by virtue of their capability of rain-fall measurement over the wide area in a short period of time. Meanwhile, because of the limitation of bandwidth availability with increasing use of radio wave frequency resources, steady demand for weather radar is also expected. Moreover, there is strong demand for decreasing the running cost of weather radar. Toshiba has developed 5GHz and 9GHz solid-state weather radar, complying with the demand the best use of our world-leading microwave transistor technology and radar data processing technology. The radar has attained the specified level of spurious radiation suppression without sacrificing any of radar system performances. Toshiba intends to promote the sales of the solid-state weather radar.
{"title":"Development of solid-state weather radar","authors":"M. Wada, Junichi Horikomi, F. Mizutani","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977071","url":null,"abstract":"Today, amid mounting sense of crisis of concentrated heavy rains, weather radars are of growing importance in weather observation and prediction by virtue of their capability of rain-fall measurement over the wide area in a short period of time. Meanwhile, because of the limitation of bandwidth availability with increasing use of radio wave frequency resources, steady demand for weather radar is also expected. Moreover, there is strong demand for decreasing the running cost of weather radar. Toshiba has developed 5GHz and 9GHz solid-state weather radar, complying with the demand the best use of our world-leading microwave transistor technology and radar data processing technology. The radar has attained the specified level of spurious radiation suppression without sacrificing any of radar system performances. Toshiba intends to promote the sales of the solid-state weather radar.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"446 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116564560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977110
S. Lehner, S. Brusch, X. Li
TerraSAR-X (TSX) is a high resolution right looking radar satellite, launched on June 15, 2007. TSX carries a high frequency X-band SAR sensor that can be operated in different modes (coverage and resolution) and has quad polarization and dual receive antenna mode used for along track interferometry (ATI) experimental acquisitions.
{"title":"Coastal wind field and sea state measured by TerraSAR-X","authors":"S. Lehner, S. Brusch, X. Li","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977110","url":null,"abstract":"TerraSAR-X (TSX) is a high resolution right looking radar satellite, launched on June 15, 2007. TSX carries a high frequency X-band SAR sensor that can be operated in different modes (coverage and resolution) and has quad polarization and dual receive antenna mode used for along track interferometry (ATI) experimental acquisitions.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125120292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977006
V. Gregers-Hansen, R. Mital
The most fundamental characteristic of sea clutter, as used in radar performance evaluation, is its apparent reflectivity defined as σ° (m2/m2). The word apparent is used here as a reminder that any measurement of sea clutter reflectivity inevitably includes the effects of propagation close to the sea surface. Sea clutter reflectivity depends on many factors including sea state, wind velocity, grazing angle, polarization, and radar frequency. A comprehensive tabulation of measurements from around 60 sources were included in the 1991 edition of Nathanson's book [1] and this probably represents the most complete database of sea clutter reflectivity available. Also included in this book by Nathanson was a detailed description of an empirical sea clutter model proposed by Horst et. al. [2], the so-called Georgia Technical Institute (GTI) model. This model has found widespread acceptance in the radar community although its technical basis may be somewhat vague.
海杂波最基本的特征是其视反射率(σ°(m2/m2))，用于雷达性能评估。这里使用“明显”一词是为了提醒人们，对海杂波反射率的任何测量都不可避免地包括在海面附近传播的影响。海杂波反射率取决于海况、风速、掠角、极化和雷达频率等因素。1991年版的Nathanson的书[1]中包含了大约60个来源的测量结果的综合表，这可能是目前最完整的海杂波反射率数据库。Nathanson在这本书中还详细描述了Horst等人[2]提出的经验海杂波模型，即所谓的佐治亚技术学院(Georgia Technical Institute, GTI)模型。该模型在雷达社区中得到了广泛的接受，尽管其技术基础可能有些模糊。
{"title":"An empirical sea clutter model for low grazing angles","authors":"V. Gregers-Hansen, R. Mital","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977006","url":null,"abstract":"The most fundamental characteristic of sea clutter, as used in radar performance evaluation, is its apparent reflectivity defined as σ° (m2/m2). The word apparent is used here as a reminder that any measurement of sea clutter reflectivity inevitably includes the effects of propagation close to the sea surface. Sea clutter reflectivity depends on many factors including sea state, wind velocity, grazing angle, polarization, and radar frequency. A comprehensive tabulation of measurements from around 60 sources were included in the 1991 edition of Nathanson's book [1] and this probably represents the most complete database of sea clutter reflectivity available. Also included in this book by Nathanson was a detailed description of an empirical sea clutter model proposed by Horst et. al. [2], the so-called Georgia Technical Institute (GTI) model. This model has found widespread acceptance in the radar community although its technical basis may be somewhat vague.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"117 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131176792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977127
D. Fuhrmann, J. Browning, M. Rangaswamy
The Hybrid MIMO Phased Array Radar, or HMPAR, is a notional concept for a multisensor radar architecture that combines elements of traditional phased-array radar with the emerging technology of Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar. A HMPAR comprises a large number, MP, of T/R elements, organized into M subarrays of P elements each. Within each subarray, passive elementlevel phase shifting is used to steer transmit and receive beams in some desired fashion. Each of the M subarrays are in turn driven by independently amplified phase-coded signals. This paper derives a version of the radar ambiguity function that is appropriate for this radar architecture. The ambiguity function is a function of time delay, Doppler frequency shift, and two or more spatial variables. An illustrative example for a particular MIMO signal set is given.
{"title":"Ambiguity function analysis for the Hybrid MIMO Phased-array Radar","authors":"D. Fuhrmann, J. Browning, M. Rangaswamy","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977127","url":null,"abstract":"The Hybrid MIMO Phased Array Radar, or HMPAR, is a notional concept for a multisensor radar architecture that combines elements of traditional phased-array radar with the emerging technology of Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar. A HMPAR comprises a large number, MP, of T/R elements, organized into M subarrays of P elements each. Within each subarray, passive elementlevel phase shifting is used to steer transmit and receive beams in some desired fashion. Each of the M subarrays are in turn driven by independently amplified phase-coded signals. This paper derives a version of the radar ambiguity function that is appropriate for this radar architecture. The ambiguity function is a function of time delay, Doppler frequency shift, and two or more spatial variables. An illustrative example for a particular MIMO signal set is given.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131387207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-04DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977091
D. Plettemeier, R. Hahnel, S. Hegler, A. Safaeinili, J. Plaut, B. Gaskell, R. Orosei, A. Cicchetti, G. Picardi
The Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding, “MARSIS”, on board MarsExpress is the first and so far only space borne radar that observed the Martian moon Phobos. Radar echoes were measured for different flyby trajectories. The primary aim of the low frequency sounding of the crust of Phobos is to prove the feasibility of deep sounding. In this paper we present a numerical method that allows precise computation of radar echoes backscattered from the surface of large objects. The software is based on a combination of a Physical Optics calculation of surface scattering of the radar target, and a Method of Moments approach to calculate the radiation pattern of the whole space borne radar system, whereby the calculation of the frequency dependent radiation pattern takes into account all relevant gain variations and coupling effects aboard the space craft. This paper explains the simulation techniques and presents a comparison of simulation results for different orbits, and an interpretation of the backscattered signals.
{"title":"Numerical computation of radar echoes measured by MARSIS during phobos flybys","authors":"D. Plettemeier, R. Hahnel, S. Hegler, A. Safaeinili, J. Plaut, B. Gaskell, R. Orosei, A. Cicchetti, G. Picardi","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977091","url":null,"abstract":"The Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding, “MARSIS”, on board MarsExpress is the first and so far only space borne radar that observed the Martian moon Phobos. Radar echoes were measured for different flyby trajectories. The primary aim of the low frequency sounding of the crust of Phobos is to prove the feasibility of deep sounding. In this paper we present a numerical method that allows precise computation of radar echoes backscattered from the surface of large objects. The software is based on a combination of a Physical Optics calculation of surface scattering of the radar target, and a Method of Moments approach to calculate the radiation pattern of the whole space borne radar system, whereby the calculation of the frequency dependent radiation pattern takes into account all relevant gain variations and coupling effects aboard the space craft. This paper explains the simulation techniques and presents a comparison of simulation results for different orbits, and an interpretation of the backscattered signals.","PeriodicalId":346898,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Radar Conference","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131541344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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