Xinmei Wang, Wenye Qi, Yaxian Li, Lanzhen Wu, Yucai Wang
Abstract The current research on the blockage law of porous asphalt concrete (PAC) is mostly focused on the macroscopic level, which cannot reveal the decay mechanism of the percolation function of porous asphalt pavement during micro-particle blockage, especially the change law of permeability coefficient. In this paper, the key factors affecting the percolation and clogging characteristics of PAC are analysed at both macroscopic and detailed levels, and the internal void characteristics of PAC and the migration law of clogging particles are quantified. In this experiment, porous asphalt concrete specimens with 15–25% porosity are used to analyse the influence law of different factors on the percolation coefficient and to construct a clogging prediction model under different clogging conditions. CT scans were used to analyse the void characteristics of PAC before and after plugging and cleaning when wind-accumulated sand was used as a plugging material, and an evaluation model of PAC seepage plugging analysis based on fine view void characteristics was established. The results show that the permeable concrete specimens under 200 mm water head are severely plugged, and the seepage below 0.283 m/s appears in the later stage of rapid plugging. The plugging degree of pervious concrete specimens with 25% porosity was significantly higher than that of other porosity specimens.
{"title":"Study on the clogging pattern of multi-graded microparticles in porous asphalt concrete","authors":"Xinmei Wang, Wenye Qi, Yaxian Li, Lanzhen Wu, Yucai Wang","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.124","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current research on the blockage law of porous asphalt concrete (PAC) is mostly focused on the macroscopic level, which cannot reveal the decay mechanism of the percolation function of porous asphalt pavement during micro-particle blockage, especially the change law of permeability coefficient. In this paper, the key factors affecting the percolation and clogging characteristics of PAC are analysed at both macroscopic and detailed levels, and the internal void characteristics of PAC and the migration law of clogging particles are quantified. In this experiment, porous asphalt concrete specimens with 15–25% porosity are used to analyse the influence law of different factors on the percolation coefficient and to construct a clogging prediction model under different clogging conditions. CT scans were used to analyse the void characteristics of PAC before and after plugging and cleaning when wind-accumulated sand was used as a plugging material, and an evaluation model of PAC seepage plugging analysis based on fine view void characteristics was established. The results show that the permeable concrete specimens under 200 mm water head are severely plugged, and the seepage below 0.283 m/s appears in the later stage of rapid plugging. The plugging degree of pervious concrete specimens with 25% porosity was significantly higher than that of other porosity specimens.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136308554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the thermodynamic performance of a community-scale membrane-based brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) plant at various operating pressures from 13.79 to 27.58 bar and feed salinity levels from 2,000 to 20,000 mg/L. We aimed to identify the components responsible for the exergy losses and to suggest improvements. The results showed that the exergetic efficiency of some individual components had a significant impact on the performance of the desalination plant, where the high-pressure (HP) pump assembly and pressure control valve were identified as the major contributors to exergy losses (57.83–70.59% and 15.75–27.62%, respectively). The inefficiency of the feed pump assembly contributed to 11–12% of the total destruction of exergy under different operating conditions. The analysis further revealed that the exergetic efficiency of the plant was maximum (0.51%) at the feed salinity of 10,000 mg/L and operating pressure of 27.58 bar. It was minimum (0.01%) for the highest salinity (20,000 mg/L) and the lowest operating pressure (13.79 bar), due to the low requirement of work of separation and higher fixed losses. The exergetic efficiency was also correlated to the energetic performance of the BWRO plant at different operating conditions.
{"title":"Thermodynamic performance assessment of a community-scale brackish water reverse osmosis plant using exergy analysis","authors":"Bhaumik Sutariya, Govind Amaliar","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.105","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the thermodynamic performance of a community-scale membrane-based brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) plant at various operating pressures from 13.79 to 27.58 bar and feed salinity levels from 2,000 to 20,000 mg/L. We aimed to identify the components responsible for the exergy losses and to suggest improvements. The results showed that the exergetic efficiency of some individual components had a significant impact on the performance of the desalination plant, where the high-pressure (HP) pump assembly and pressure control valve were identified as the major contributors to exergy losses (57.83–70.59% and 15.75–27.62%, respectively). The inefficiency of the feed pump assembly contributed to 11–12% of the total destruction of exergy under different operating conditions. The analysis further revealed that the exergetic efficiency of the plant was maximum (0.51%) at the feed salinity of 10,000 mg/L and operating pressure of 27.58 bar. It was minimum (0.01%) for the highest salinity (20,000 mg/L) and the lowest operating pressure (13.79 bar), due to the low requirement of work of separation and higher fixed losses. The exergetic efficiency was also correlated to the energetic performance of the BWRO plant at different operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135739714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This research examines the quality of Mat River water to control and reduce the level of environmental pollution in accordance with national rules and regulations. The focus of this study was the assessment of river water quality by using bacteria and benthic macroinvertebrates, as biological markers of stream water quality. The research was conducted from June 2018 to June 2019 at five sampling sites along the Mat River, with monthly sampling for chemical-physical and microbiological parameters and seasonal sampling for benthic macroinvertebrates. The investigated data for the studied parameters were statistically analysed using MINITAB 19 software. The variation in spatial and temporal trends of the investigated parameters showed differences in water quality among different sampling sites. The bacterial load was found to be higher near urban areas, and the pollution increased with the river course. The same tendency in water quality showed up even in the benthic macroinvertebrates population. Pearson correlation coefficients (p > 0.05) between the water quality data revealed the similarity and the associations between parameters. Cluster analysis of the investigated parameters revealed the classification of Mat River water quality and the possibility of using microbiological parameters and/or benthic macroinvertebrates for the assessment of water quality.
{"title":"Using bacteria and benthic macroinvertebrates as water quality parameters in Mat River, Albania","authors":"Etleva Hamzaraj, Pranvera Lazo, Anila Paparisto, Brikena Parllaku","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.081","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This research examines the quality of Mat River water to control and reduce the level of environmental pollution in accordance with national rules and regulations. The focus of this study was the assessment of river water quality by using bacteria and benthic macroinvertebrates, as biological markers of stream water quality. The research was conducted from June 2018 to June 2019 at five sampling sites along the Mat River, with monthly sampling for chemical-physical and microbiological parameters and seasonal sampling for benthic macroinvertebrates. The investigated data for the studied parameters were statistically analysed using MINITAB 19 software. The variation in spatial and temporal trends of the investigated parameters showed differences in water quality among different sampling sites. The bacterial load was found to be higher near urban areas, and the pollution increased with the river course. The same tendency in water quality showed up even in the benthic macroinvertebrates population. Pearson correlation coefficients (p > 0.05) between the water quality data revealed the similarity and the associations between parameters. Cluster analysis of the investigated parameters revealed the classification of Mat River water quality and the possibility of using microbiological parameters and/or benthic macroinvertebrates for the assessment of water quality.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135879324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohaddeseh Dadras, Fariborz Masoumi, Sina Masoumzadeh, Saeid Najjar-Ghabel, Mohammad Reza Nikoo, Shakiba Yazdani
Abstract Intermittent water supply (IWS) is one of the effective methods to manage the consumption of urban water networks under water scarcity conditions. However, it is essential to minimize unfair water distribution in this method by defining a proper strategy. This study utilized the EPANET pressure-dependent hydraulic analysis and the gray wolf optimization algorithm to achieve maximum volumetric reliability under different scenarios in a district of the Hamedan urban water distribution network in Iran. The volumetric reliability of the network was evaluated in the IWS condition regardless of justice constraints, with the justice constraint, and by considering the leakage in the IWS network with the justice constraint. The first scenario demonstrated that the reliability decreased by an average of 4.6% for every meter of water level reduction in the tank. The second scenario revealed that the objective function was negligibly affected by the variation of the justice constraint; however, fluctuation of the water level in the tank significantly affected the volumetric reliability. In the third scenario, the objective function value was significantly impacted by leakage, ranging from 0 to 0.3 (representing the absence and presence of leakage in 30% of the nodes, respectively), resulting in an average decrease of about 17%.
{"title":"Evaluating the impact of leakage in intermittent water supply networks considering justice index: a case study","authors":"Mohaddeseh Dadras, Fariborz Masoumi, Sina Masoumzadeh, Saeid Najjar-Ghabel, Mohammad Reza Nikoo, Shakiba Yazdani","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.140","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Intermittent water supply (IWS) is one of the effective methods to manage the consumption of urban water networks under water scarcity conditions. However, it is essential to minimize unfair water distribution in this method by defining a proper strategy. This study utilized the EPANET pressure-dependent hydraulic analysis and the gray wolf optimization algorithm to achieve maximum volumetric reliability under different scenarios in a district of the Hamedan urban water distribution network in Iran. The volumetric reliability of the network was evaluated in the IWS condition regardless of justice constraints, with the justice constraint, and by considering the leakage in the IWS network with the justice constraint. The first scenario demonstrated that the reliability decreased by an average of 4.6% for every meter of water level reduction in the tank. The second scenario revealed that the objective function was negligibly affected by the variation of the justice constraint; however, fluctuation of the water level in the tank significantly affected the volumetric reliability. In the third scenario, the objective function value was significantly impacted by leakage, ranging from 0 to 0.3 (representing the absence and presence of leakage in 30% of the nodes, respectively), resulting in an average decrease of about 17%.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135885917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qidong Ma, Yan Liu, Zhangwei He, Haiguang Wang, Ruolan Wang, Yueping Kong, Zhihua Li
Abstract Currently, a reliable and easy-to-use method to monitor flocculation in the water treatment process is highly demanded, especially for small water purification stations. For this problem, in situ images were used to analyze the flocculation process under different conditions via jar tests. A texture feature of the gray level co-occurrence matrix was found to be helpful for monitoring the floc status, such as growth rate and settling velocity. To further verify this finding, we established the correlation between the texture time sequence curve (TTSC) and its corresponding floc status. The slope of the TTSC during the growth phase and during the settling phase can describe the growth rate and the settling velocity, respectively, i.e., the higher the slope, the higher the growth rate and settling velocity. In addition, significant differences between the TTSCs in various abnormal conditions and the normal condition of coagulation can be identified. By using the TTSC for detecting abnormal conditions, we again verified that the texture feature can reliably reflect the flocculation process. Our study helps to develop a low-cost, stable, and simple method for monitoring flocculation and detecting abnormal conditions, which can effectively be used in the operation and management of water treatment plants.
{"title":"Using image texture to monitor the growth and settling of flocs","authors":"Qidong Ma, Yan Liu, Zhangwei He, Haiguang Wang, Ruolan Wang, Yueping Kong, Zhihua Li","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Currently, a reliable and easy-to-use method to monitor flocculation in the water treatment process is highly demanded, especially for small water purification stations. For this problem, in situ images were used to analyze the flocculation process under different conditions via jar tests. A texture feature of the gray level co-occurrence matrix was found to be helpful for monitoring the floc status, such as growth rate and settling velocity. To further verify this finding, we established the correlation between the texture time sequence curve (TTSC) and its corresponding floc status. The slope of the TTSC during the growth phase and during the settling phase can describe the growth rate and the settling velocity, respectively, i.e., the higher the slope, the higher the growth rate and settling velocity. In addition, significant differences between the TTSCs in various abnormal conditions and the normal condition of coagulation can be identified. By using the TTSC for detecting abnormal conditions, we again verified that the texture feature can reliably reflect the flocculation process. Our study helps to develop a low-cost, stable, and simple method for monitoring flocculation and detecting abnormal conditions, which can effectively be used in the operation and management of water treatment plants.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135980526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Vignola, Jeanine Lenselink, Dominic Quinn, U. Ijaz, Ryan Pereira, William T. Sloan, S. Connelly, Graeme Moore, Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, Cindy J. Smith
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of carbon-based compounds present in natural aquatic systems, which significantly affects drinking water treatment processes. Biofiltration, utilising biologically active beds of porous medium, offers a low-energy and low-chemical solution for controlling bioavailable DOM. However, the impact of microbial community composition on DOM degradation in biofilters remains poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the abilities of microbial communities from the top, middle, and bottom (TOP, MID, and BOT) of a biofilter to process DOM. We showed varying growth rates on the DOM, with bottom community exhibiting the highest cell abundance at the end of the experiment (1.83 × 106 ± 9 × 103; 2.06 × 106 ± 1 × 104; 2.15 × 106 ± 7 × 103 cells/mL for the TOP, MID, and BOT, respectively). The three communities showed different preferences for utilising specific DOM fractions, with the bottom community targeting more complex ones. The microbial communities from the bottom of the biofilter had a higher relative abundance of the Curvibacter genus, suggesting it could play a crucial role in degrading complex DOM fractions. These findings highlight the influence of microbial community composition on DOM degradation in biofilters, providing valuable insights for optimising their performance.
{"title":"Differential utilisation of dissolved organic matter compound fractions by different biofilter microbial communities","authors":"Marta Vignola, Jeanine Lenselink, Dominic Quinn, U. Ijaz, Ryan Pereira, William T. Sloan, S. Connelly, Graeme Moore, Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, Cindy J. Smith","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.036","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of carbon-based compounds present in natural aquatic systems, which significantly affects drinking water treatment processes. Biofiltration, utilising biologically active beds of porous medium, offers a low-energy and low-chemical solution for controlling bioavailable DOM. However, the impact of microbial community composition on DOM degradation in biofilters remains poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the abilities of microbial communities from the top, middle, and bottom (TOP, MID, and BOT) of a biofilter to process DOM. We showed varying growth rates on the DOM, with bottom community exhibiting the highest cell abundance at the end of the experiment (1.83 × 106 ± 9 × 103; 2.06 × 106 ± 1 × 104; 2.15 × 106 ± 7 × 103 cells/mL for the TOP, MID, and BOT, respectively). The three communities showed different preferences for utilising specific DOM fractions, with the bottom community targeting more complex ones. The microbial communities from the bottom of the biofilter had a higher relative abundance of the Curvibacter genus, suggesting it could play a crucial role in degrading complex DOM fractions. These findings highlight the influence of microbial community composition on DOM degradation in biofilters, providing valuable insights for optimising their performance.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86039437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sahoo, J. R. Khuntia, K. Devi, B. S. Sai Prasad, Kishanjit Kumar Khatua
The present research focusses on a comparison of experimental and numerical approaches for flow over fixed artificial rigid grass bed channels. Various flow parameters like longitudinal velocity, depth-averaged velocity (DAV), boundary shear stress (BSS) and secondary current are analysed and compared with seven numerical models: standard, realizable and renormalization group (RNG) k–ε models and standard, shear stress transport (SST), generalized k–ω (GEKO) and BSL k–ω models. To evaluate the strength of the seven applied models, the error analysis has been performed. It is found that the RNG k–ε and SST k–ω models provided better results for both the DAV and BSS prediction, but the RNG k–ε model is found to be the most suitable for predicting the DAV and the SST k–ω model for BSS as compared to the other models. For the longitudinal velocity profiles, both the RNG k–ε and SST k–ω models are found to provide good agreement with experimental results at the centre of the channel, whereas the SST k–ω model is more accurate near the wall. Overall, the SST k–ω model has predicted the results with good accuracy for all the flow parameters considered in the present study.
本文的研究重点是比较了固定人工刚性草床通道上水流的实验方法和数值方法。对纵向速度、深度平均速度(DAV)、边界剪应力(BSS)和二次电流等流动参数与标准、可实现和重整化群(RNG) k -ε模型和标准、剪应力输运(SST)、广义k -ω (GEKO)和BSL k -ω模型进行了分析和比较。为了评估七个应用模型的强度，进行了误差分析。结果表明，RNG k -ε和SST k -ω模型对DAV和BSS的预测效果均较好，但RNG k -ε模型对DAV和SST k -ω模型的预测效果优于其他模型。对于纵向速度分布，RNG k -ε和SST k -ω模型在通道中心与实验结果吻合较好，而SST k -ω模型在通道壁面附近更为准确。总体而言，SST k -ω模型对本研究中考虑的所有流动参数的预测结果具有较好的准确性。
{"title":"Turbulence modelling for depth-averaged velocity and boundary shear stress of a dense rigid grass bed open channel","authors":"S. Sahoo, J. R. Khuntia, K. Devi, B. S. Sai Prasad, Kishanjit Kumar Khatua","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.093","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present research focusses on a comparison of experimental and numerical approaches for flow over fixed artificial rigid grass bed channels. Various flow parameters like longitudinal velocity, depth-averaged velocity (DAV), boundary shear stress (BSS) and secondary current are analysed and compared with seven numerical models: standard, realizable and renormalization group (RNG) k–ε models and standard, shear stress transport (SST), generalized k–ω (GEKO) and BSL k–ω models. To evaluate the strength of the seven applied models, the error analysis has been performed. It is found that the RNG k–ε and SST k–ω models provided better results for both the DAV and BSS prediction, but the RNG k–ε model is found to be the most suitable for predicting the DAV and the SST k–ω model for BSS as compared to the other models. For the longitudinal velocity profiles, both the RNG k–ε and SST k–ω models are found to provide good agreement with experimental results at the centre of the channel, whereas the SST k–ω model is more accurate near the wall. Overall, the SST k–ω model has predicted the results with good accuracy for all the flow parameters considered in the present study.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80071492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zerihun Getaneh Workneh, Ermias K. Gebremedhin, Nathnael A. Beyene, Nathnael M. Nigatu
A water distribution network's crucial feature is providing adequate water supply to meet the required demand with satisfactory performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hydraulic performance of the Yeka Abado supply zone in Addis Ababa and suggest corrective measures to the problems obtained through the evaluation. A computer model was created in WaterGEMS to simulate the water distribution network. An intermittent scenario was created based on customer meter data to check the ability of the system to meet the current demand in the study area. Two scenarios were developed to evaluate the system's ability to satisfy the current and future demands in a continuous supply. The model analysis result indicated that pressure below the acceptance criteria at some junctions during peak hours, shortly after the supply, had resumed during intermittent operations. The performance remained satisfactory at other time steps. Furthermore, analysis in a continuous supply scenario for predicted future flows in 2044 indicated that the system is unable to meet the increasing demands in the study area, requiring system expansion works at some point. The results for a continuous supply model for 2021 indicated an excellent performance, with almost all the acceptance criteria being met.
{"title":"Hydraulic performance evaluation of Yeka Abado supply zone of Addis Ababa's water distribution network","authors":"Zerihun Getaneh Workneh, Ermias K. Gebremedhin, Nathnael A. Beyene, Nathnael M. Nigatu","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 A water distribution network's crucial feature is providing adequate water supply to meet the required demand with satisfactory performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hydraulic performance of the Yeka Abado supply zone in Addis Ababa and suggest corrective measures to the problems obtained through the evaluation. A computer model was created in WaterGEMS to simulate the water distribution network. An intermittent scenario was created based on customer meter data to check the ability of the system to meet the current demand in the study area. Two scenarios were developed to evaluate the system's ability to satisfy the current and future demands in a continuous supply. The model analysis result indicated that pressure below the acceptance criteria at some junctions during peak hours, shortly after the supply, had resumed during intermittent operations. The performance remained satisfactory at other time steps. Furthermore, analysis in a continuous supply scenario for predicted future flows in 2044 indicated that the system is unable to meet the increasing demands in the study area, requiring system expansion works at some point. The results for a continuous supply model for 2021 indicated an excellent performance, with almost all the acceptance criteria being met.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88095101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapidly growing world population, inadequate accessible freshwater resources, and frequent erratic changes in climate have stressed human being and compelled them to take vital initiatives to prevent water wastage. Water conservation efforts are also intensified in the world's largest water-consuming agriculture sector. The water use efficiency in agronomy has already been enhanced by the adoption of the drip irrigation method, intended to supply water directly to the crop, rather than the land around, thereby minimising water losses up to 70% occurring through evaporation and distribution. Mulching in association with drip irrigation in arid crop agronomy leads to mitigating vigorously water stress in agriculture. Mulch is a layer of natural or synthetic or combination material applied to the surface of the soil as a protective medium between the soil and the atmosphere. Entirely, it is an efficient medium for soil moisture conservation, and soil temperature control, adds nutrients to the soil by preventing leaching and more efficient use of fertilisers, resistor to erosion losses, suppressing the weeding as well as improving the visual look of landscapes. This review paper covers various aspects of mulch, emerging as dynamic water and soil management tool without affecting the value of crops in agriculture.
{"title":"Mulching effect on water management in agro-ecological system: a review","authors":"T. Shaikh, Janki R. Patel, B. Patel","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.101","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The rapidly growing world population, inadequate accessible freshwater resources, and frequent erratic changes in climate have stressed human being and compelled them to take vital initiatives to prevent water wastage. Water conservation efforts are also intensified in the world's largest water-consuming agriculture sector. The water use efficiency in agronomy has already been enhanced by the adoption of the drip irrigation method, intended to supply water directly to the crop, rather than the land around, thereby minimising water losses up to 70% occurring through evaporation and distribution. Mulching in association with drip irrigation in arid crop agronomy leads to mitigating vigorously water stress in agriculture. Mulch is a layer of natural or synthetic or combination material applied to the surface of the soil as a protective medium between the soil and the atmosphere. Entirely, it is an efficient medium for soil moisture conservation, and soil temperature control, adds nutrients to the soil by preventing leaching and more efficient use of fertilisers, resistor to erosion losses, suppressing the weeding as well as improving the visual look of landscapes. This review paper covers various aspects of mulch, emerging as dynamic water and soil management tool without affecting the value of crops in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85856957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Annaba province in Algeria is currently facing significant challenges due to water shortages and intermittent water distribution. This study utilizes the Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) system to assess present and future water supply and demands in Annaba province, Algeria. Five scenarios, including a reference, climate change, desalination, leakage reduction, and water reuse, are evaluated. The analysis reveals that the region faces significant water shortages and intermittent distribution, with projected annual water demand reaching 148 Mm3 by 2070. Climate change amplifies the demand by 8%, resulting in a projected water demand of 151 Mm3 by 2070. The industrial sector exhibits the highest unmet water demand, while the domestic and agricultural sectors also face challenges. Alternative scenarios, such as water efficiency and desalination, offer potential for eliminating industrial unmet water demand. Scenario 5 (managed aquifer recharge) reduces industrial unmet water demands by 36% to 23 Mm3 by 2070, while scenario 4 (leakage reduction and water reuse) decreases unmet domestic demands to 24 Mm3. This study emphasizes the need for water management strategies including efficient water use, infrastructure investment, public education on conservation and reuse, and industry adoption of water-saving technologies. Overall, this study addresses the difficulties and challenges associated with water scarcity in Annaba province.
{"title":"Simulation of current and future water demands using the WEAP model in the Annaba province, Northeastern Algeria: a case study","authors":"Abdel-Fatah Berredjem, Ahlem Boumaiza, A. Hani","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.118","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Annaba province in Algeria is currently facing significant challenges due to water shortages and intermittent water distribution. This study utilizes the Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) system to assess present and future water supply and demands in Annaba province, Algeria. Five scenarios, including a reference, climate change, desalination, leakage reduction, and water reuse, are evaluated. The analysis reveals that the region faces significant water shortages and intermittent distribution, with projected annual water demand reaching 148 Mm3 by 2070. Climate change amplifies the demand by 8%, resulting in a projected water demand of 151 Mm3 by 2070. The industrial sector exhibits the highest unmet water demand, while the domestic and agricultural sectors also face challenges. Alternative scenarios, such as water efficiency and desalination, offer potential for eliminating industrial unmet water demand. Scenario 5 (managed aquifer recharge) reduces industrial unmet water demands by 36% to 23 Mm3 by 2070, while scenario 4 (leakage reduction and water reuse) decreases unmet domestic demands to 24 Mm3. This study emphasizes the need for water management strategies including efficient water use, infrastructure investment, public education on conservation and reuse, and industry adoption of water-saving technologies. Overall, this study addresses the difficulties and challenges associated with water scarcity in Annaba province.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89699501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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