Kun Du, Bang Xiao, Wei Xu, Zilian Liu, Z. Song, Zhiyi Tang, Feifei Zheng
Differential evolution (DE) algorithm is considered the most powerful evolutionary algorithm (EA) for the optimal design of water distribution systems (WDSs). However, when dealing with large-scale WDS optimization, issues such as premature convergence become a concern. This paper presents an auto-enhanced population diversity and ranking selection-based differential evolutionary (AEPD-RSDE) algorithm for the optimal design of WDSs, which is the first work that incorporates an AEPD strategy to avoid the premature convergence issue and enhance the exploration ability of DE applied to WDS optimization. Besides, the proposed algorithm includes a ranking selection strategy that replaces the tournament selection operator to enhance the convergence speed. Three well-known WDSs, i.e., the New York Tunnels (NYT), the Hanoi network (HAN), and the Balerma irrigation network (BIN), were used to validate the proposed algorithm. Results indicate the proposed algorithm is able to find the current best solution with a success rate of 100% for the NYT and HAN cases and a lower average cost solution of €1.924 million for the BIN case relative to other EAs. Instead of solely focusing on ultimate performance comparison, search behavior analyses are conducted between different mutation and selection operators, offering a deep insight to guide the development of more advanced EAs.
{"title":"Auto-enhanced population diversity and ranking selection-based differential evolutionary algorithm applied to the optimal design of water distribution system","authors":"Kun Du, Bang Xiao, Wei Xu, Zilian Liu, Z. Song, Zhiyi Tang, Feifei Zheng","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.075","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Differential evolution (DE) algorithm is considered the most powerful evolutionary algorithm (EA) for the optimal design of water distribution systems (WDSs). However, when dealing with large-scale WDS optimization, issues such as premature convergence become a concern. This paper presents an auto-enhanced population diversity and ranking selection-based differential evolutionary (AEPD-RSDE) algorithm for the optimal design of WDSs, which is the first work that incorporates an AEPD strategy to avoid the premature convergence issue and enhance the exploration ability of DE applied to WDS optimization. Besides, the proposed algorithm includes a ranking selection strategy that replaces the tournament selection operator to enhance the convergence speed. Three well-known WDSs, i.e., the New York Tunnels (NYT), the Hanoi network (HAN), and the Balerma irrigation network (BIN), were used to validate the proposed algorithm. Results indicate the proposed algorithm is able to find the current best solution with a success rate of 100% for the NYT and HAN cases and a lower average cost solution of €1.924 million for the BIN case relative to other EAs. Instead of solely focusing on ultimate performance comparison, search behavior analyses are conducted between different mutation and selection operators, offering a deep insight to guide the development of more advanced EAs.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76506302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Wang, Jian Zhang, Tingyu Xu, Yi Liu, Tianyu Yao, Kailang Wang, Meng Zhang
Pipe burst incidents in long-distance gravitational water supply systems (LGWSSs) result in hydraulic characteristic variations and pose significant challenges. This study aims to prevent secondary pipe bursts by addressing the propagation of water hammer waves triggered by primary pipe bursts. Based on an analysis of pipe burst incidents and considering different pipe laying methods, air valve arrangement criteria are developed to mitigate the risk of secondary bursts in LGWSS pipelines. The principal results include a reasonable mathematical analysis model for understanding pipe bursts in buried pipes and the determination of air valve arrangement criteria which considers potentially dangerous pressure variations resulting from primary pipe bursts. This model aims to mitigate the adverse effects of pipe bursts and minimize the likelihood of secondary bursts. Implementing the proposed criteria has important engineering applications, thus improving the reasonable and effective placement of air valves to prevent secondary pipe bursts in LGWSSs. The conclusions derived from this study have significant engineering applications, particularly as these pertain to the optimization of the placement of air valves to enhance the resilience and reliability of LGWSSs. By implementing the proposed air valve arrangement criteria, water supply systems can minimize the potential damage caused by pipe bursts and improve overall operational efficiency.
{"title":"Air valve arrangement criteria for preventing secondary pipe bursts in long-distance gravitational water supply systems","authors":"Yan Wang, Jian Zhang, Tingyu Xu, Yi Liu, Tianyu Yao, Kailang Wang, Meng Zhang","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.089","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Pipe burst incidents in long-distance gravitational water supply systems (LGWSSs) result in hydraulic characteristic variations and pose significant challenges. This study aims to prevent secondary pipe bursts by addressing the propagation of water hammer waves triggered by primary pipe bursts. Based on an analysis of pipe burst incidents and considering different pipe laying methods, air valve arrangement criteria are developed to mitigate the risk of secondary bursts in LGWSS pipelines. The principal results include a reasonable mathematical analysis model for understanding pipe bursts in buried pipes and the determination of air valve arrangement criteria which considers potentially dangerous pressure variations resulting from primary pipe bursts. This model aims to mitigate the adverse effects of pipe bursts and minimize the likelihood of secondary bursts. Implementing the proposed criteria has important engineering applications, thus improving the reasonable and effective placement of air valves to prevent secondary pipe bursts in LGWSSs. The conclusions derived from this study have significant engineering applications, particularly as these pertain to the optimization of the placement of air valves to enhance the resilience and reliability of LGWSSs. By implementing the proposed air valve arrangement criteria, water supply systems can minimize the potential damage caused by pipe bursts and improve overall operational efficiency.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83006501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To improve the performance of stepped spillways, their combination with labyrinth spillways is an interesting topic. In this study, several labyrinth configurations of stepped spillways were presented. Validation of the numerical model was done using the results of the previous physical models. After that, three configurations including: conventional stepped, trapezoidal-labyrinth, and rectangular-labyrinth were modeled using the OpenFOAM model for the skimming flow regime. For simulation, InterFOAM solver and RNG k–ε turbulence model were used. The results showed an increase of 34.7 and 21.1% in energy dissipation in the trapezoidal and rectangular stepped–labyrinth spillways compared to the conventional stepped type, for dc/h = 1.45 (the range of dc is between 8 and 14.5 cm). The flow velocity in the end step of the trapezoidal- and rectangular-labyrinth configuration is reduced by 50.5 and 31.1%, respectively. Furthermore, in the trapezoidal configuration, a 14.7% reduction in flow velocity has been achieved compared to the rectangular stepped–labyrinth configuration. The results showed that the minimum pressure on the vertical faces of the steps occurred in their upper half and the rectangular configuration has resulted in the highest amount of negative pressure. The turbulence kinetic energy, especially in trapezoidal configuration, has increased toward the downstream.
{"title":"A three-dimensional study of flow characteristics over different forms of stepped–labyrinth spillways in the skimming flow regime","authors":"Dana Ghaderi, H. Ebrahimnezhadian, M. Mollazadeh","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To improve the performance of stepped spillways, their combination with labyrinth spillways is an interesting topic. In this study, several labyrinth configurations of stepped spillways were presented. Validation of the numerical model was done using the results of the previous physical models. After that, three configurations including: conventional stepped, trapezoidal-labyrinth, and rectangular-labyrinth were modeled using the OpenFOAM model for the skimming flow regime. For simulation, InterFOAM solver and RNG k–ε turbulence model were used. The results showed an increase of 34.7 and 21.1% in energy dissipation in the trapezoidal and rectangular stepped–labyrinth spillways compared to the conventional stepped type, for dc/h = 1.45 (the range of dc is between 8 and 14.5 cm). The flow velocity in the end step of the trapezoidal- and rectangular-labyrinth configuration is reduced by 50.5 and 31.1%, respectively. Furthermore, in the trapezoidal configuration, a 14.7% reduction in flow velocity has been achieved compared to the rectangular stepped–labyrinth configuration. The results showed that the minimum pressure on the vertical faces of the steps occurred in their upper half and the rectangular configuration has resulted in the highest amount of negative pressure. The turbulence kinetic energy, especially in trapezoidal configuration, has increased toward the downstream.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85319147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increased competition and demand between different water uses have motivated for finding new and innovative approaches towards managing water resources. The Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) process depends on the collaboration of all interested and affected parties (I&APs) in water resource management. The eutrophication levels of the Roodeplaat Dam (RD) have been a cause for concern since the early 1980s, in order to manage this eutrophication, an integrated approach, involving local communities in the management of water resources is necessary. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to understand the community perspectives on the function and management of the RD and its tributaries. The results of the study showed that in terms of community perceptions, highly educated people tend to qualify the quality of water as very bad and their perceptions of the potential effects of poor water quality were correlated to gender. People's satisfaction level with the current management plan was negatively correlated to employment status. Surprisingly, the communities’ involvement in the management and use of water resources in the Roodeplaat Catchment Area was correlated to their ethnicity. On the basis of these findings, a few recommendations were proposed for the effective management of the RD and its inflowing rivers.
{"title":"Community perceptions, participation, and satisfaction with existing Water Resource Management Plans: a case study of a polluted water system in South Africa","authors":"K. Maruapula, K. Yessoufou, Lee-Ann S Modley","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.208","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The increased competition and demand between different water uses have motivated for finding new and innovative approaches towards managing water resources. The Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) process depends on the collaboration of all interested and affected parties (I&APs) in water resource management. The eutrophication levels of the Roodeplaat Dam (RD) have been a cause for concern since the early 1980s, in order to manage this eutrophication, an integrated approach, involving local communities in the management of water resources is necessary. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to understand the community perspectives on the function and management of the RD and its tributaries. The results of the study showed that in terms of community perceptions, highly educated people tend to qualify the quality of water as very bad and their perceptions of the potential effects of poor water quality were correlated to gender. People's satisfaction level with the current management plan was negatively correlated to employment status. Surprisingly, the communities’ involvement in the management and use of water resources in the Roodeplaat Catchment Area was correlated to their ethnicity. On the basis of these findings, a few recommendations were proposed for the effective management of the RD and its inflowing rivers.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77629925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Priyanka Ashok Garsole, Shantini A. Bokil, Vijendra Kumar, Arunabh Pandey, Niraj S. Topare
Seepage is the phenomenon of water infiltrating through a gravity dam's foundation, causing erosion and weakening the dam's construction over time. If not properly managed, this can eventually lead to the dam's catastrophic failure, posing a significant danger to public safety and the environment. As a result, precise seepage prediction in gravity dams is essential for ensuring their safety and stability. This review paper looks at the use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for predicting seepage in gravity dams, as well as the challenges and possible solutions. The paper identifies and suggests potential solutions to the challenges connected with using AI for seepage prediction, such as data quality and model interpretability. The paper also covers future research paths, such as the creation of advanced machine learning algorithms and the improvement of data collection and processing. Overall, this review gives insight on the current state of the art in using AI to predict gravity dam seepage and recommends methods to improve the accuracy and reliability of such models.
{"title":"A review of artificial intelligence methods for predicting gravity dam seepage, challenges and way-out","authors":"Priyanka Ashok Garsole, Shantini A. Bokil, Vijendra Kumar, Arunabh Pandey, Niraj S. Topare","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.042","url":null,"abstract":"Seepage is the phenomenon of water infiltrating through a gravity dam's foundation, causing erosion and weakening the dam's construction over time. If not properly managed, this can eventually lead to the dam's catastrophic failure, posing a significant danger to public safety and the environment. As a result, precise seepage prediction in gravity dams is essential for ensuring their safety and stability. This review paper looks at the use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for predicting seepage in gravity dams, as well as the challenges and possible solutions. The paper identifies and suggests potential solutions to the challenges connected with using AI for seepage prediction, such as data quality and model interpretability. The paper also covers future research paths, such as the creation of advanced machine learning algorithms and the improvement of data collection and processing. Overall, this review gives insight on the current state of the art in using AI to predict gravity dam seepage and recommends methods to improve the accuracy and reliability of such models.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88750560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ecological compensation is an effective way to alleviate watershed water ecological management. Considering the behavior of public participation, this paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model of the public, enterprises, and local governments, analyzes the evolutionary stability of the strategic choice of each participant, and discusses the influence of various factors on the strategic choice of the three parties. Combined with regional data, Matlab R2018b is used to simulate and analyze the evolution trend of each subject strategy in the Huaihe River Basin under different situations. The study found that: (1) The government's increase in rewards and punishments has significantly promoted public participation and enterprises' active governance of pollution, but increasing rewards and punishments are not conducive to local governments' own performance of regulatory responsibilities. (2) Increasing the amount of compensation and incentives is an effective way to promote public participation. (3) The sum of reputation gains, reputation losses, and rewards and punishments is greater than the difference between the additional benefits of negative governance and the cost of corporate governance, so as to ensure that enterprises actively control pollution.
{"title":"Research on watershed water ecological management and compensation based on evolutionary game","authors":"Yiwen Fu, Gang He, Shuhang Zhao, Huaiying Jiang","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.222","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Ecological compensation is an effective way to alleviate watershed water ecological management. Considering the behavior of public participation, this paper constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model of the public, enterprises, and local governments, analyzes the evolutionary stability of the strategic choice of each participant, and discusses the influence of various factors on the strategic choice of the three parties. Combined with regional data, Matlab R2018b is used to simulate and analyze the evolution trend of each subject strategy in the Huaihe River Basin under different situations. The study found that: (1) The government's increase in rewards and punishments has significantly promoted public participation and enterprises' active governance of pollution, but increasing rewards and punishments are not conducive to local governments' own performance of regulatory responsibilities. (2) Increasing the amount of compensation and incentives is an effective way to promote public participation. (3) The sum of reputation gains, reputation losses, and rewards and punishments is greater than the difference between the additional benefits of negative governance and the cost of corporate governance, so as to ensure that enterprises actively control pollution.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74988714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaya Gangwar, Akshay Pratap Singh, Nidhin Marimuthu, Joseph Kadanthottu Sebastian
A sustainable, affordable, and cost-effective method was developed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (SB-ZnO-NPs) using leaf extracts of Strobilanthes barbatus. The synthesized SB-ZnO-NPs displayed an absorbance maximum at 359 nm with a band gap of 3.24 eV. The average diameter of the SB-ZnO-NPs, as determined by FESEM analysis, was 84.23 nm. The particles had nearly spherical morphologies. By using FTIR analysis, it was established that functional groups played a part in the formation of SB-ZnO-NPs. Reactive Yellow 86 (RY-86) and Reactive Yellow 145 (RY-145) textile dyes were degraded by SB-ZnO-NPs under the impact of UV irradiation, and the degradation rates were 87.50 and 91.11%, respectively, in 320 min. When dye solutions treated with SB-ZnO-NPs were tested for phytotoxicity, the results showed a sharp decline in the effectiveness of the inhibition compared to dye effluents. The synthesised SB-ZnO-NPs can, therefore, be employed as a substitute potential catalyst for the breakdown of textile colours both before and after release into water bodies.
{"title":"Environmentally sustainable zinc oxide nanoparticles for improved hazardous textile dye removal from water bodies","authors":"Jaya Gangwar, Akshay Pratap Singh, Nidhin Marimuthu, Joseph Kadanthottu Sebastian","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 A sustainable, affordable, and cost-effective method was developed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (SB-ZnO-NPs) using leaf extracts of Strobilanthes barbatus. The synthesized SB-ZnO-NPs displayed an absorbance maximum at 359 nm with a band gap of 3.24 eV. The average diameter of the SB-ZnO-NPs, as determined by FESEM analysis, was 84.23 nm. The particles had nearly spherical morphologies. By using FTIR analysis, it was established that functional groups played a part in the formation of SB-ZnO-NPs. Reactive Yellow 86 (RY-86) and Reactive Yellow 145 (RY-145) textile dyes were degraded by SB-ZnO-NPs under the impact of UV irradiation, and the degradation rates were 87.50 and 91.11%, respectively, in 320 min. When dye solutions treated with SB-ZnO-NPs were tested for phytotoxicity, the results showed a sharp decline in the effectiveness of the inhibition compared to dye effluents. The synthesised SB-ZnO-NPs can, therefore, be employed as a substitute potential catalyst for the breakdown of textile colours both before and after release into water bodies.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75166866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The sustainable management of groundwater resources is crucial for ecological diversity, human health, and economic growth. This study employs scientific concepts and advanced techniques, including the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Fuzzy-AHP, to identify groundwater potential zones (GWPZs). Thematic maps representing drainage density, elevation, soil, geomorphology, slope, land use and land cover, and rainfall are used to delineate the GWPZs. Both techniques are employed to assign weights to these thematic maps based on their characteristics and water potential. The study revealed that in the investigated area, 17.76 and 18.27% of the final GWPZs (AHP and Fuzzy-AHP) can be classified as having poor potential, while 72.79 and 71.07% are categorized as having moderate potential. Moreover, 9.45 and 10.69% of the final GWPZs are identified as having high potential using the AHP and Fuzzy-AHP models, respectively. Receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) analysis is employed to validate these findings, demonstrating that the Fuzzy-AHP technique achieves an accuracy of 74% in identifying GWPZs in the region. This study utilises the best method derived from both models to identify 26 suitable locations for artificial recharge sites. The reliable findings of this research offer valuable insights into decision-makers and water users in the Kinnerasani Watershed.
{"title":"Delineation of groundwater potential zones and identification of artificial recharge sites in the Kinnerasani Watershed, India, using remote sensing-GIS, AHP, and Fuzzy-AHP techniques","authors":"Padala Raja Shekar, Aneesh Mathew","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The sustainable management of groundwater resources is crucial for ecological diversity, human health, and economic growth. This study employs scientific concepts and advanced techniques, including the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Fuzzy-AHP, to identify groundwater potential zones (GWPZs). Thematic maps representing drainage density, elevation, soil, geomorphology, slope, land use and land cover, and rainfall are used to delineate the GWPZs. Both techniques are employed to assign weights to these thematic maps based on their characteristics and water potential. The study revealed that in the investigated area, 17.76 and 18.27% of the final GWPZs (AHP and Fuzzy-AHP) can be classified as having poor potential, while 72.79 and 71.07% are categorized as having moderate potential. Moreover, 9.45 and 10.69% of the final GWPZs are identified as having high potential using the AHP and Fuzzy-AHP models, respectively. Receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) analysis is employed to validate these findings, demonstrating that the Fuzzy-AHP technique achieves an accuracy of 74% in identifying GWPZs in the region. This study utilises the best method derived from both models to identify 26 suitable locations for artificial recharge sites. The reliable findings of this research offer valuable insights into decision-makers and water users in the Kinnerasani Watershed.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81993332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stilling basin of the Tuansa barrage is a modified form of the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) Type-III basin, which includes impact baffle and friction blocks. Soon after the barrage's operation, baffle blocks were found to be uprooted. Additionally, previous studies also highlighted the issues of rectangular baffle blocks, i.e., less drag, smaller wake zone, and flow reattachment. On the contrary, the use of wedge-shaped splitter blocks is found limited downstream of diversion barrages. Therefore, this study focuses on the hydraulic effects of wedge-shaped splitter blocks on hydraulic jump (HJ) and energy dissipation using FLOW-3D and confirms its suitability downstream of the diversion barrage. The study mainly investigated the free surface profiles, roller lengths, relative energy losses, velocity profiles, and turbulent kinetic energies for three different stilling basins. The results of free surface profiles indicated that new basins stabilised the HJ and produced smaller lengths of HJ. The results also showed that as the flow increased, the roller lengths decreased in the new basins. Similarly, with an increase in the flow, the relative energy loss increased in new basins. Furthermore, within HJ, and at the basins' end, the results showed higher decay of velocity and turbulent kinetic energy in the new basins.
{"title":"Numerical investigation of hydraulic jump for different stilling basins using FLOW-3D","authors":"Muhammad Waqas Zaffar, I. Hassan","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.290","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Stilling basin of the Tuansa barrage is a modified form of the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) Type-III basin, which includes impact baffle and friction blocks. Soon after the barrage's operation, baffle blocks were found to be uprooted. Additionally, previous studies also highlighted the issues of rectangular baffle blocks, i.e., less drag, smaller wake zone, and flow reattachment. On the contrary, the use of wedge-shaped splitter blocks is found limited downstream of diversion barrages. Therefore, this study focuses on the hydraulic effects of wedge-shaped splitter blocks on hydraulic jump (HJ) and energy dissipation using FLOW-3D and confirms its suitability downstream of the diversion barrage. The study mainly investigated the free surface profiles, roller lengths, relative energy losses, velocity profiles, and turbulent kinetic energies for three different stilling basins. The results of free surface profiles indicated that new basins stabilised the HJ and produced smaller lengths of HJ. The results also showed that as the flow increased, the roller lengths decreased in the new basins. Similarly, with an increase in the flow, the relative energy loss increased in new basins. Furthermore, within HJ, and at the basins' end, the results showed higher decay of velocity and turbulent kinetic energy in the new basins.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89053160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Gautam, Neha Gupta, D. Patel, R. Singh, Anita Singh
In the present study, the simple and chemically modified forms of biochar (KMnO4 and HNO3; 0.01 M) obtained from rice husks were used to study the possible mechanism behind the process of cadmium (Cd) adsorption from the synthetic solution having Cd2+ ranged from 10 to 50 ppm. At 50 ppm, the maximum adsorption has been observed and it showed 93% removal by the KMnO4 modification and 86% by HNO3 modification, whereas simple biochar led to 82% removal only. The adsorption pattern follows the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order model. With characterization techniques, it has been confirmed that the KMnO4-modified forms of biochar showed more adsorption capacity than HNO3-modified and simple biochar. Furthermore, to check its practical applicability, the modified forms of biochar have been applied to the wastewater collected from Banaras locomotive works, Bhagwanpur, and Lohta sites of Varanasi city, UP, India. Again, the maximum adsorption of Cd2+ has been observed with KMnO4 modification (92–95%) at all the sites. This result also confirmed that KMnO4 was the best modifying agent over HNO3. Therefore, its application could be promoted in metal-contaminated water and soil to decrease the availability of toxic metals.
{"title":"Comparative study of simple and modified rice husk biochar for cadmium removal: adsorption performance and possible mechanisms","authors":"K. Gautam, Neha Gupta, D. Patel, R. Singh, Anita Singh","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.082","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 In the present study, the simple and chemically modified forms of biochar (KMnO4 and HNO3; 0.01 M) obtained from rice husks were used to study the possible mechanism behind the process of cadmium (Cd) adsorption from the synthetic solution having Cd2+ ranged from 10 to 50 ppm. At 50 ppm, the maximum adsorption has been observed and it showed 93% removal by the KMnO4 modification and 86% by HNO3 modification, whereas simple biochar led to 82% removal only. The adsorption pattern follows the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order model. With characterization techniques, it has been confirmed that the KMnO4-modified forms of biochar showed more adsorption capacity than HNO3-modified and simple biochar. Furthermore, to check its practical applicability, the modified forms of biochar have been applied to the wastewater collected from Banaras locomotive works, Bhagwanpur, and Lohta sites of Varanasi city, UP, India. Again, the maximum adsorption of Cd2+ has been observed with KMnO4 modification (92–95%) at all the sites. This result also confirmed that KMnO4 was the best modifying agent over HNO3. Therefore, its application could be promoted in metal-contaminated water and soil to decrease the availability of toxic metals.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81451505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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