A. Gawali, S. Gawali, Surendra Sasi Kumar Jampa, M. Sinha, Jalaja B. Pandya, S. Shinde, Snigdha Khuntia
The membrane separation process lacks intrinsic permeation characteristics to compete with other separation technologies like adsorption, sedimentation, coagulation, skimming, and distillation. A mixed matrix membrane (MMM) is one of the strategies to improve the separation characteristics with embedded nanofillers particles. Zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF) has a new subclass of inorganic–organic hybrid materials that are being introduced as new fillers for incorporation into the polymer matrix for various applications such as oily wastewater separation, wastewater treatment, natural gas dehydration, landfill gas upgrading, and mixed gas separation. In this experimental work, a metal-organic framework called ZIF-8 was synthesized and used as filler for modification of MMMs and characterized with FTIR and SEM. ZIF-8 nanoparticles up to 5 wt% loading were added to PSF casting solution then the permeation characteristics of MMMs showed an improved result like the pure water flux of the modified membrane at 2.5 bar was increased up to 456.38 L/m2h. In the case of pure gas separation, at 5 wt% ZIF-8 loading in PSF, the pure gas CO2 permeability at 9 bar pressure had increased to 10.54 barrer.
{"title":"Study on water and gas permeation characteristics with ZIF-8 mixed matrix membranes","authors":"A. Gawali, S. Gawali, Surendra Sasi Kumar Jampa, M. Sinha, Jalaja B. Pandya, S. Shinde, Snigdha Khuntia","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.102","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The membrane separation process lacks intrinsic permeation characteristics to compete with other separation technologies like adsorption, sedimentation, coagulation, skimming, and distillation. A mixed matrix membrane (MMM) is one of the strategies to improve the separation characteristics with embedded nanofillers particles. Zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF) has a new subclass of inorganic–organic hybrid materials that are being introduced as new fillers for incorporation into the polymer matrix for various applications such as oily wastewater separation, wastewater treatment, natural gas dehydration, landfill gas upgrading, and mixed gas separation. In this experimental work, a metal-organic framework called ZIF-8 was synthesized and used as filler for modification of MMMs and characterized with FTIR and SEM. ZIF-8 nanoparticles up to 5 wt% loading were added to PSF casting solution then the permeation characteristics of MMMs showed an improved result like the pure water flux of the modified membrane at 2.5 bar was increased up to 456.38 L/m2h. In the case of pure gas separation, at 5 wt% ZIF-8 loading in PSF, the pure gas CO2 permeability at 9 bar pressure had increased to 10.54 barrer.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83886867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Groundwater is a dependable freshwater resource in arid and semi-arid areas where its quality management is essential. However, untreated wastewater is a risk to safe water supply from aquifers. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can reduce pollutants, but their impact on groundwater quality versus their operating costs requires case studies. This research uses the two modules of the groundwater modeling system (GMS) to simulate the Varamin Plain, south-eastern Tehran, Iran. The MODFLOW and MT3D were used for groundwater quantity and quality modeling, respectively. Through these modules, the effectiveness of two WWTPs (Pakdasht and Varamin) in six waste load allocation (WLA) scenarios was compared based on nitrate reduction in 3-year and 10-year periods. The construction and operating costs of each WLA scenario were also calculated. The best WLA is a scenario with the lowest marginal cost. Therefore, constructing Varamin WWTP with 25% nitrogen removal was the selected option. Here, the average nitrate concentration in the aquifer is reduced from 28.4 mg/L (±4.1) to less than 25 mg/L (±2.4) with an annual marginal cost of 8 M$.L/mg. It implies that constructing more WWTPs or tertiary units for nitrate removal is not recommended as they do not add significant nitrate abatement in groundwater regarding the related costs.
{"title":"Waste load allocation by integrated GMS modeling and economic evaluation for nitrate reduction in Varamin aquifer","authors":"M. Souri, S. Jamshidi, H. K. Moghaddam","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.288","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Groundwater is a dependable freshwater resource in arid and semi-arid areas where its quality management is essential. However, untreated wastewater is a risk to safe water supply from aquifers. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can reduce pollutants, but their impact on groundwater quality versus their operating costs requires case studies. This research uses the two modules of the groundwater modeling system (GMS) to simulate the Varamin Plain, south-eastern Tehran, Iran. The MODFLOW and MT3D were used for groundwater quantity and quality modeling, respectively. Through these modules, the effectiveness of two WWTPs (Pakdasht and Varamin) in six waste load allocation (WLA) scenarios was compared based on nitrate reduction in 3-year and 10-year periods. The construction and operating costs of each WLA scenario were also calculated. The best WLA is a scenario with the lowest marginal cost. Therefore, constructing Varamin WWTP with 25% nitrogen removal was the selected option. Here, the average nitrate concentration in the aquifer is reduced from 28.4 mg/L (±4.1) to less than 25 mg/L (±2.4) with an annual marginal cost of 8 M$.L/mg. It implies that constructing more WWTPs or tertiary units for nitrate removal is not recommended as they do not add significant nitrate abatement in groundwater regarding the related costs.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86158742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anshuman Gunawat, D. Sharma, Aditya Sharma, S. K. Dubey
Understanding the linkage between crop yields, irrigation frequencies, and fertilizer rates is crucial in region-specific agriculture practices. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates and irrigation frequency on wheat crop growth and yield in the semi-arid region of Rajasthan, India. Twelve treatments with four replicas, combining four nitrogen fertilizers quantities (0, 50, 100, and 125% of recommended dose) with three irrigation intervals (15, 21, and 25 days after sowing) were used for three consecutive years (2014–15, 2015–16, and 2016–17). Crop responses were recorded for different growth stages (stem elongation stage, heading stage, and milking stage). The results showed that the high irrigation frequency and high fertilizer application significantly increased crop growth and yields. Yields observed in the first year of the experiment were higher than those in the second and third years in most treatments. One-way analysis of variance and Fisher's least significant difference pairwise multiple comparison tests were applied to determine significant changes in yield. The results showed that water and fertilizer are the key factors that can affect wheat yield in the semi-arid region of Rajasthan and should be managed according to soil and irrigation availability.
{"title":"Assessing the performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop by managing irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer under a semi-arid environment","authors":"Anshuman Gunawat, D. Sharma, Aditya Sharma, S. K. Dubey","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.032","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the linkage between crop yields, irrigation frequencies, and fertilizer rates is crucial in region-specific agriculture practices. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates and irrigation frequency on wheat crop growth and yield in the semi-arid region of Rajasthan, India. Twelve treatments with four replicas, combining four nitrogen fertilizers quantities (0, 50, 100, and 125% of recommended dose) with three irrigation intervals (15, 21, and 25 days after sowing) were used for three consecutive years (2014–15, 2015–16, and 2016–17). Crop responses were recorded for different growth stages (stem elongation stage, heading stage, and milking stage). The results showed that the high irrigation frequency and high fertilizer application significantly increased crop growth and yields. Yields observed in the first year of the experiment were higher than those in the second and third years in most treatments. One-way analysis of variance and Fisher's least significant difference pairwise multiple comparison tests were applied to determine significant changes in yield. The results showed that water and fertilizer are the key factors that can affect wheat yield in the semi-arid region of Rajasthan and should be managed according to soil and irrigation availability.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73683673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this research is to investigate the climate change impacts in Maroon Basin, Iran. To investigate the impacts of climate change on rainfall, temperature, and inflow in Maroon Dam, a simulation of four general circulation models (GCMs) was done in three future periods 2021–2040, 2041–2060, and 2061–2080. The results showed that the projected increased temperature would significantly reduce the runoff in the basin, despite the projected increase in rainfall. The most significant decrease of the average inflow to the Maroon Dam Reservoir in the near future of the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios in March 24 and 26.4%, the middle future in March 25.4 and 29%, and the far future in March 27 and 30.6%, respectively, is predicted. Also, the MADSIM model simulation results showed that the Maroon Dam Reservoir would face a water resources shortage in the future to provide maximum demands. The average water supply reliability in climate change scenarios showed that the maximum water supply of 85% in the period 2021–2040 and the minimum of 80.4% in 2061–2080 would occur in the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively.
{"title":"Adaptive operation of a reservoir in climate change condition: a case study of Maroon Dam in Iran","authors":"Mostafa Mirmehdi, M. Shourian, A. Sharafati","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.065","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The purpose of this research is to investigate the climate change impacts in Maroon Basin, Iran. To investigate the impacts of climate change on rainfall, temperature, and inflow in Maroon Dam, a simulation of four general circulation models (GCMs) was done in three future periods 2021–2040, 2041–2060, and 2061–2080. The results showed that the projected increased temperature would significantly reduce the runoff in the basin, despite the projected increase in rainfall. The most significant decrease of the average inflow to the Maroon Dam Reservoir in the near future of the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios in March 24 and 26.4%, the middle future in March 25.4 and 29%, and the far future in March 27 and 30.6%, respectively, is predicted. Also, the MADSIM model simulation results showed that the Maroon Dam Reservoir would face a water resources shortage in the future to provide maximum demands. The average water supply reliability in climate change scenarios showed that the maximum water supply of 85% in the period 2021–2040 and the minimum of 80.4% in 2061–2080 would occur in the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83480046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Daneshfaraz, M. Rezaie, E. Aminvash, Veli Süme, J. Abraham, A. Ghaderi
In this study, a nonstructural and eco-friendly solution has been used to reduce scouring downstream of screens. Upstream of the screen are stilling basins protected against scouring, but downstream locations are subjected to flow scouring. One of the challenges that the current research brings with it is the process of dispersing nanomaterials. In this research, to achieve its goals, three beds of channels with sedimentary materials, sedimentary materials plus clay, as well as sedimentary materials with a combination of clay and montmorillonite nanoclay have been used. The experimental results show the positive effect of clay and nanoclay on scour depth reduction downstream of the screens. The best performance occurs with the clay and montmorillonite clay mixture. The positive effect of clay and montmorillonite nanoclay mixture for scour length reduction is observed, and by utilizing this mixture, the length of scouring has decreased 33%. Furthermore, by adding clay and montmorillonite nanoclay mixture, the scour depth is reduced up to 39 and 46%, respectively. Utilizing clay and montmorillonite nanoclay mixture has a positive effect on scouring control. It could be very useful for cases such as rivers where bed protection with concrete is not possible.
{"title":"On the effect of green nonstructural materials on scour reduction downstream of grid dissipators","authors":"R. Daneshfaraz, M. Rezaie, E. Aminvash, Veli Süme, J. Abraham, A. Ghaderi","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.108","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 In this study, a nonstructural and eco-friendly solution has been used to reduce scouring downstream of screens. Upstream of the screen are stilling basins protected against scouring, but downstream locations are subjected to flow scouring. One of the challenges that the current research brings with it is the process of dispersing nanomaterials. In this research, to achieve its goals, three beds of channels with sedimentary materials, sedimentary materials plus clay, as well as sedimentary materials with a combination of clay and montmorillonite nanoclay have been used. The experimental results show the positive effect of clay and nanoclay on scour depth reduction downstream of the screens. The best performance occurs with the clay and montmorillonite clay mixture. The positive effect of clay and montmorillonite nanoclay mixture for scour length reduction is observed, and by utilizing this mixture, the length of scouring has decreased 33%. Furthermore, by adding clay and montmorillonite nanoclay mixture, the scour depth is reduced up to 39 and 46%, respectively. Utilizing clay and montmorillonite nanoclay mixture has a positive effect on scouring control. It could be very useful for cases such as rivers where bed protection with concrete is not possible.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79620042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dickson Baxter Phiri, Jean Pierre Bavumiragira, Hailong Yin
Consumption of untreated microbiologically contaminated water, prevalent in many developing countries, exposes the vulnerable population to inordinate health risks including most life-threatening diarrhoeal diseases like cholera and other illnesses. In response, innovative techniques for treating water at the household level, known as household water treatment (HWT), have emerged as practical and cost-effective solutions. Solar water disinfection (SODIS) has gained recognition as one such method that utilizes sunlight to inactivate harmful micro-organisms in water. This review examines the effectiveness of SODIS as an HWT technique by analysing scientifically robust evidence documenting its microbiological efficacy and the positive health gains among SODIS users. It explores the challenges and limitations that impact its inactivation efficiency and sustainability. Its novelty lies in its expanded exploration of the available strategies and techniques for enhancing the effectiveness of SODIS to address its associated limitations and challenges. By providing a comprehensive analysis of the scientific evidence, this review presents compelling reasons for the implementation and scalability of SODIS in the developing world. This novel perspective contributes to the existing literature on improving access to safe drinking water in underserved communities, offering valuable insights into the advancement of SODIS as a practical and sustainable HWT solution.
{"title":"Efficacy of solar water disinfection treatment system in improving rural and peri-urban household drinking water quality and reducing waterborne diarrhoeal diseases","authors":"Dickson Baxter Phiri, Jean Pierre Bavumiragira, Hailong Yin","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.086","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Consumption of untreated microbiologically contaminated water, prevalent in many developing countries, exposes the vulnerable population to inordinate health risks including most life-threatening diarrhoeal diseases like cholera and other illnesses. In response, innovative techniques for treating water at the household level, known as household water treatment (HWT), have emerged as practical and cost-effective solutions. Solar water disinfection (SODIS) has gained recognition as one such method that utilizes sunlight to inactivate harmful micro-organisms in water. This review examines the effectiveness of SODIS as an HWT technique by analysing scientifically robust evidence documenting its microbiological efficacy and the positive health gains among SODIS users. It explores the challenges and limitations that impact its inactivation efficiency and sustainability. Its novelty lies in its expanded exploration of the available strategies and techniques for enhancing the effectiveness of SODIS to address its associated limitations and challenges. By providing a comprehensive analysis of the scientific evidence, this review presents compelling reasons for the implementation and scalability of SODIS in the developing world. This novel perspective contributes to the existing literature on improving access to safe drinking water in underserved communities, offering valuable insights into the advancement of SODIS as a practical and sustainable HWT solution.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75057528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Withdrawn: Numerical calculation of sediment transport capacity of land flow on slopes: method investigation and improvement","authors":"Yan Li, Weijun Yuan, Kuandi Zhang, ZiYan Li","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135711104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Babolhakami, M. A. Gholami Sefidkouhi, A. Emadi
This study aimed to investigate the effects of climate change scenarios on five indicators: reliability, vulnerability, resilience, sustainability, and the deficiency of the Gelevard Dam (GD) in Iran. Downscaling was performed from 2020 to 2040 in the future using the Can Ems2-GCM based on different climate scenarios and employing the support vector machines. The IHACRES model was used to simulate the inflow of GD. The cultivation pattern optimization function was performed by utilizing the LINGO software. Similarly, the flow-storage model was created using Vensim software. The results demonstrated the reduction of inflow by 15, 36, and 37% during RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. The results showed that if the optimal cultivation pattern (OCP) were to be applied, during different climatic scenarios, water supply would not be difficult in the next 11, 5, and 4 years, respectively, yet after that, water shortage would gradually appear. The findings concluded that although the implementation of OCP would improve the five indicators in all water consumption sectors, the GD reservoir would not be able to answer the demands in the future. Therefore, it would be necessary to implement practices to increase water productivity in all sectors.
{"title":"Application of system dynamics model for reservoir performance under future climatic scenarios in Gelevard Dam, Iran","authors":"A. Babolhakami, M. A. Gholami Sefidkouhi, A. Emadi","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.193","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This study aimed to investigate the effects of climate change scenarios on five indicators: reliability, vulnerability, resilience, sustainability, and the deficiency of the Gelevard Dam (GD) in Iran. Downscaling was performed from 2020 to 2040 in the future using the Can Ems2-GCM based on different climate scenarios and employing the support vector machines. The IHACRES model was used to simulate the inflow of GD. The cultivation pattern optimization function was performed by utilizing the LINGO software. Similarly, the flow-storage model was created using Vensim software. The results demonstrated the reduction of inflow by 15, 36, and 37% during RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. The results showed that if the optimal cultivation pattern (OCP) were to be applied, during different climatic scenarios, water supply would not be difficult in the next 11, 5, and 4 years, respectively, yet after that, water shortage would gradually appear. The findings concluded that although the implementation of OCP would improve the five indicators in all water consumption sectors, the GD reservoir would not be able to answer the demands in the future. Therefore, it would be necessary to implement practices to increase water productivity in all sectors.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74026140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bajpai, S. Gaur, Ranveer Kumar, A. Ohri, H. Piégay
A novel methodology for suitable site selection for groundwater development based on river capture, pumping cost, and groundwater potential has been proposed for better groundwater utilisation. River capture and cost map have been generated from a calibrated groundwater model, simulated with forecasted hydrological time series data. The groundwater potential has been calculated with weighted overlay analysis. These three variables have been used to classify the model domain into five zones of groundwater development by K-Means clustering. The area with lower river capture, low cost of pumping, and high groundwater potential is found to be the best location for groundwater extraction. The methodology has been applied to the lower Ain River basin, in France.
{"title":"Suitable sites for groundwater development: a capture map-based approach integrated with weighted overlay analysis","authors":"M. Bajpai, S. Gaur, Ranveer Kumar, A. Ohri, H. Piégay","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 A novel methodology for suitable site selection for groundwater development based on river capture, pumping cost, and groundwater potential has been proposed for better groundwater utilisation. River capture and cost map have been generated from a calibrated groundwater model, simulated with forecasted hydrological time series data. The groundwater potential has been calculated with weighted overlay analysis. These three variables have been used to classify the model domain into five zones of groundwater development by K-Means clustering. The area with lower river capture, low cost of pumping, and high groundwater potential is found to be the best location for groundwater extraction. The methodology has been applied to the lower Ain River basin, in France.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89957013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was carried out to assess the water availability, hygiene practices, and sanitary conditions in the households of open defecation-free (ODF) villages after achieving ODF status. Monitoring was conducted from 360 households of 9 ODF villages from 3 blocks of the Kurukshetra district of north India, using a questionnaire. The results interpreted that 78.33% of the surveyed population were using water supplied from government borewells and 65.55% of respondents agreed that their water is safe for drinking as they did not have any water-related diseases. Many respondents (57.2%) replied that someone in their family had suffered from waterborne disease in the preceding year. About 42.8% of households were treating their drinking water at the house level through methods like boiling, chlorination, and reverse osmosis systems. 90.8% of respondents said that they have access to a functional latrine facility. However, 5% population responded that they still prefer fields for open defecation (OD). Logistic regression results showed that the presence of garbage or litter and stagnant water near the household were associated with an increased risk of disease occurrence among the households. The findings suggested that people should maintain good sanitation and hygiene in their household surroundings to avoid health problems.
{"title":"Water, sanitation, and hygiene practices among rural households and related health impacts: a case study from some North Indian villages","authors":"A. Malan, Meenakshi Suhag, P. Gupta, H. R. Sharma","doi":"10.2166/aqua.2023.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.199","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The present study was carried out to assess the water availability, hygiene practices, and sanitary conditions in the households of open defecation-free (ODF) villages after achieving ODF status. Monitoring was conducted from 360 households of 9 ODF villages from 3 blocks of the Kurukshetra district of north India, using a questionnaire. The results interpreted that 78.33% of the surveyed population were using water supplied from government borewells and 65.55% of respondents agreed that their water is safe for drinking as they did not have any water-related diseases. Many respondents (57.2%) replied that someone in their family had suffered from waterborne disease in the preceding year. About 42.8% of households were treating their drinking water at the house level through methods like boiling, chlorination, and reverse osmosis systems. 90.8% of respondents said that they have access to a functional latrine facility. However, 5% population responded that they still prefer fields for open defecation (OD). Logistic regression results showed that the presence of garbage or litter and stagnant water near the household were associated with an increased risk of disease occurrence among the households. The findings suggested that people should maintain good sanitation and hygiene in their household surroundings to avoid health problems.","PeriodicalId":34693,"journal":{"name":"AQUA-Water Infrastructure Ecosystems and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86048498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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