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TEST METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE OPERATING AND EXCONIC QUALITIES OF AGRICULTURAL TRACTORS PURSUANT TO OECD CODE 2 根据OECD规范2评估农业拖拉机操作和驾驶性能的试验方法
S. Lebedev, A. Korobko
Purpose of the study is new provisions for testing agricultural tractors, evaluating their performance, which implement the OECD Code 2 Research methods. The testing of the tractor and its main elements is based on the method of partial accelerations, the basis of which is the solution of the inverse task of the dynamics: the acting forces are estimated from the acceleration. The method and means of measurement (developed in the L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT Kharkiv branch) are effectively used in testing tractors and its main elements. The results of the study. The proposed express methods make it possible to reduce the time for testing and timely identify shortcomings in the operation of the systems being tested. The proposed express test method for the cylinder-piston group provides the ability to timely identify shortcomings in the operation of engines. It has been established that the most efficient operation of the tested unit is when the tractor is not fully loaded. The stability of the movement of the transport-technological unit is interconnected with its controllability, which is determined by the technical condition of the steering. The relationship between the investigated values of the angular accelerations of the steering wheel of the tractor and the aggregated machine is provided with a reliability of 95 %. To determine the braking properties, an indicator is proposed that characterizes the growth rate of the tractor deceleration during braking. To evaluate the quality of functioning of the hydraulic drive of the tractor mounted system in the case of unstable technical condition of its elements, it is necessary to start with the evaluation of the fluid flow in the hydraulic cylinder and end with the analysis of the flow in the bypass valve. Conclusions. Code 2 of the OECD normalizes the methodology for operational testing of agricultural tractors, on the basis of which in L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT Kharkiv branch developed industry standards for assessing the traction and energy performance of tractors. It has been theoretically and experimentally proved that in the performance tests of tractors and its main elements, the method of partial accelerations is effective, which is based on the reverse transition from the vector sum in the space of forces that act on the tractor to the vector sum in the space of accelerations. This method allows you quickly assess the performance of tractors when coupled with mounted and trailed agricultural machines, as well as the technical condition of the main elements of the tractor design. Keywords: tractor, tests, OECD Code 2, main elements, malfunctions, express methods
本研究的目的是对农用拖拉机进行新规定的测试,评估其性能,从而实施OECD规范2的研究方法。牵引车及其主要部件的测试采用部分加速度法,其基础是求解动力学逆任务:由加速度估计牵引车的作用力。测量方法和手段(在乌克兰ndipvt哈尔科夫分公司开发)有效地用于测试拖拉机及其主要部件。研究的结果。所提出的快速方法可以减少测试时间,并及时识别被测试系统运行中的缺点。提出的气缸-活塞组快速测试方法提供了及时发现发动机运行缺陷的能力。已经确定,测试单元的最有效运行是在牵引车未满载时。运输工艺单元的运动稳定性与其可控性是相互联系的,可控性是由转向的技术条件决定的。所研究的拖拉机方向盘角加速度值与聚合机之间的关系具有95%的可靠性。为了确定制动性能,提出了一个表征拖拉机制动时减速度增长率的指标。在元件技术条件不稳定的情况下,评价拖拉机悬挂系统液压驱动的工作质量,首先要对液压缸内的流体流量进行评价,最后要对旁通阀内的流量进行分析。结论。经合组织代码2规范了农业拖拉机操作测试方法,在此基础上,乌克兰ndipvt哈尔科夫分公司制定了评估拖拉机牵引力和能源性能的工业标准。理论和实验证明,在牵引车及其主要部件的性能测试中,部分加速度法是有效的,该方法是基于由牵引车受力空间的矢量和向加速度空间的矢量和的反向转换。这种方法使您可以快速评估拖拉机与安装和牵引的农业机械相结合时的性能,以及拖拉机设计的主要要素的技术条件。关键词:拖拉机,试验,OECD规范2,主要元素,故障,表达方法
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引用次数: 0
ON THE ISSUE OF BIOLOGICAL PROTECTION OF PIGS, SAFETY OF PIG FARMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 论生猪生物保护、养猪场安全与环境保护
S. Khalin, V. Smolyar
The purpose of the research is – to summarize measures on biological protection of pigs, safety of pig farms and environmental protection, taking into account EU standards for obtaining quality pig products. Research methods. Analytical research on the generalization of measures for biological protection of pigs, safety of pig farms and environmental protection was carried out by processing existing scientific reports, including EU regulatory requirements aimed at obtaining quality pig products. Research results. The procedure of biological protection of pigs is aimed at improving the physiological condition of animals and livestock productivity. During pork production, it is important to ensure the biological protection of animals to reduce the risk of spreading disease on pig farms. It is advisable to arrange a canopy on the playgrounds to protect pigs in bad weather and from the sun. With the intensification of pig farming, industrial practice shows an increase in the level of diseases of pigs associated with metabolic disorders in animals, the action of stressors, non-compliance with the parameters of the microclimate and feeding rules. In such conditions, preventive measures are especially important in the system of control of infectious and non-communicable diseases of pigs. Premises of pig farms after the completion of the technological cycle are subject to cleaning, keeping on sanitary rupture, ie the veterinary principle "everything is busy - everything is empty" must be observed. The safety of pig farms is a set of practical measures aimed at preventing the spread of infection to the farm and controlling the spread of infection within the farm. Biological safety of pig farms includes the following areas: biological isolation, biological regulation, biological protection. To protect the environment from pollution by pig farm waste, it is advisable to take the following measures. During the construction of pig farms it is necessary to observe sanitary gaps: to settlements not less than 1500 m, to other livestock facilities - 1000-1500 m. It is important to form a green belt, a strip of trees and shrubs around the pig farm - this is the most natural of all protective measures based on the fundamental principles of organic production. Conclusions. According to the results of analytical research, for the first time the measures on biological protection of pigs, safety of pig farms and environmental protection are summarized, taking into account EU standards for obtaining quality pig products. The procedure of biological protection of pigs is aimed at improving the physiological condition of animals and livestock productivity. The safety of pig farms is a set of practical measures aimed at preventing the spread of infection to the farm and controlling the spread of infection within the farm. Agricultural enterprises that have a significant impact on the environment are responsible for preventing and reducing the negative impact of their activ
本研究的目的是根据欧盟标准,总结猪的生物保护、猪场安全和环境保护的措施,以获得优质的猪产品。研究方法。通过处理现有的科学报告,包括欧盟旨在获得优质生猪产品的监管要求,对生猪生物保护措施、猪场安全措施和环境保护措施进行了归纳分析研究。研究的结果。猪的生物保护程序是为了改善动物的生理状况和牲畜的生产能力。在猪肉生产过程中,重要的是要确保动物的生物保护,以减少猪场传播疾病的风险。建议在操场上安排一个天篷,以保护猪在恶劣天气和阳光下。随着养猪业的集约化,工业实践表明,猪的疾病水平与动物代谢紊乱、应激源的作用、不遵守小气候参数和饲养规则有关。在这种情况下,预防措施在猪的传染性和非传染性疾病控制系统中尤为重要。猪场在完成技术周期后,必须进行清洁,保持卫生破裂,即必须遵守“一切都很忙-一切都是空的”的兽医原则。养猪场的安全是一套切实可行的措施,旨在防止感染传播到猪场,并控制感染在猪场内的传播。养猪场的生物安全包括:生物隔离、生物调控、生物防护。为了保护环境不受养猪场废物的污染,建议采取以下措施。在养猪场建设期间,有必要观察卫生差距:到定居点不小于1500米,到其他牲畜设施- 1000-1500米。在养猪场周围形成绿化带、树木和灌木是很重要的——这是基于有机生产基本原则的所有保护措施中最自然的。结论。根据分析研究结果,首次结合欧盟标准,总结了生猪生物保护、猪场安全和环境保护的措施,以获得优质的生猪产品。猪的生物保护程序是为了改善动物的生理状况和牲畜的生产能力。养猪场的安全是一套切实可行的措施,旨在防止感染传播到猪场,并控制感染在猪场内的传播。对环境有重大影响的农业企业有责任预防和减少其活动对环境的负面影响。畜牧业发展的方向,包括生猪养殖,即在实施现代技术的不同阶段引入环境要求,创建适应欧盟法规的农场-这不仅将确保乌克兰农业综合企业的经济可行性,还将确保环境和社会责任。关键词:生猪生物保护,欧盟法规要求,环境保护,抗性,生猪育种,猪肉,养猪场,技术手段,技术措施。
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引用次数: 0
INFORMATION-DYNAMIC MODEL OF SERVICE RESTORATION MANAGEMENT OF HARVESTERS WORKING CAPACITY 收割机工作能力业务恢复管理的信息动态模型
L. Titova
Purpose of the study is to substantiate the information-dynamic management model of service restoration of grain harvesters. The practical result will be the formation of Smart-technology engineering management to ensure the efficiency of combine harvesters. Research methods. The methodological basis of the work is the generalization and analysis of known scientific results on information and dynamic models of management of service recovery of complex technical systems, and in particular combine harvesters, and the use of a systems approach. Analytical method and comparative analysis were used to form a scientific problem, determine the purpose and set research objectives. The main provisions of the theory of systems engineering, methodology of systems analysis and research on the theory of graphs were used in the creation of empirical models. The results of the study. The article considered data that have statistical reliability as unimodal and correspond to one of the known laws of distribution of random variables according to Pearson's criterion. After forming a set of controlled unimodal parameters, the analysis of their mutual influence was performed to achieve the following goals: checking the independence of selected parameters, identifying patterns between parameters, determining the order of use of model parameters.From the calculated data of losses of the coefficient of technical readiness of combine harvesters it follows that 40.3 % of losses of the coefficient of technical readiness are due to downtime waiting for maintenance and repair of combine harvesters and waiting for sending to restore the combine harvester, maintenance and repair coefficient of technical readiness of 32.5 %. The largest loss of the readiness factor for all types of maintenance and repairs is accounted for by the second number of maintenance 9.5 %, unplanned repairs together with the expectation of unplanned repairs and waiting for shipment is 25.2 % of the loss of technical readiness due to low reliability of the studied combine harvesters. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted researches new scientifically substantiated technical and technological decisions and developments which are directed on increase of restoration production processes functioning efficiency of combine harvesters working capacity in the agricultural enterprises are received. As a result of the analysis of the object of study and world experience in the organization of production processes, the basic functional subsystems that should be part of the proposed model are identified. Organization of monitoring the operation and technical condition of combine harvesters: collecting information on the operation of combine harvesters, modes of operation of combine harvesters and technical condition of onboard ISU, as well as (in case of lack of information) from stationary and portable automated technical diagnostic systems used in service. The structure of the proposed information-dynamic mod
本研究的目的是证实粮食收获机服务恢复的信息动态管理模型。实际结果将形成智能技术工程管理,确保联合收割机的效率。研究方法。这项工作的方法论基础是对复杂技术系统,特别是联合收割机服务回收管理的信息和动态模型的已知科学结果进行概括和分析,并使用系统方法。采用分析法和比较分析法,形成科学问题,确定研究目的,设定研究目标。系统工程理论、系统分析方法论和图论研究的主要规定被用于经验模型的创建。研究结果。本文将具有统计可靠性的数据视为单峰数据,并根据Pearson准则符合随机变量的一个已知分布定律。在形成一组受控的单峰参数后,对其相互影响进行分析,以实现以下目标:检查所选参数的独立性,识别参数之间的模式,确定模型参数的使用顺序。从联合收割机技术准备系数损失的计算数据可以看出,40.3%的技术准备系数的损失是由于等待联合收割机维护和维修以及等待送去恢复联合收割机的停机时间造成的,维护和维修技术准备系数为32.5%。所有类型的维护和维修的准备就绪系数损失最大的是第二次维护次数9.5%,由于所研究的联合收割机可靠性低,计划外维修以及计划外维修和等待装运的预期损失占技术准备就绪损失的25.2%。结论。通过所进行的研究,获得了新的科学依据的技术决策和发展,这些决策和发展旨在提高农业企业联合收割机工作能力的恢复生产过程的运行效率。通过对研究对象和生产过程组织中的世界经验的分析,确定了应作为所提出模型一部分的基本功能子系统。组织监测联合收割机的操作和技术状况:收集有关联合收割机操作、联合收割机操作模式和车载智能开关单元技术状况的信息,以及(在缺乏信息的情况下)从在役的固定式和便携式自动技术诊断系统中收集信息。所提出的联合收割机服务恢复管理信息动态模型的结构与现代创新方法有着显著的区别,即侧重于实施智能技术工程管理,以确保联合收割机的效率。关键词:恢复,技术准备系数,联合收割机,可靠性,效率,维修。
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引用次数: 0
RELEVANCE OF USING MISCANTUS AS BIOMASS FOR BURNING IN SOLID FUEL BOILERS 利用芒草作为生物质在固体燃料锅炉中燃烧的相关性
S. Khalin, V. Smolyar, O. Kovtun
The purpose of the research is to evaluate the relevance of using miscanthus energy culture as biomass for burning in solid fuel boilers. Research methods. Analytical studies on the relevance of the use of energy culture of miscanthus as biomass for burning in solid fuel boilers were carried out by processing the available scientific and informational reports. Research results. For the production of biomass, special energy crops are used, which are characterized by rapid growth of technological mass - willow, poplar, sycamore, or certain varieties of herbaceous plants (miscanthus, millet, sorghum, etc.). Energy crops are plants that are specially grown for use directly as fuel or for biofuel production. After a single planting, the crop (miscanthus) can be harvested annually for 15 years or more with an average yield of 10 t/ha. Miscanthus has a well-developed root system (2,5 m deep), is characterized by rapid growth and resistance to low temperatures. Technological options for biomass combustion are divided into three main types: combustion in a layer, dust combustion, combustion in a pseudo-liquefied state, as well as a combined type - combined combustion of biomass with other fuels. Miscanthus is characterized by a fairly high level of energy production, and actually 143-560 GJ/ha, energy yield is 360 GJ/ha/year. Increasing the use of perennial energy crops such as miscanthus helps reduce fossil fuel consumption. In addition to high yields, drought resistance, maintaining soil structure, reducing the risk of soil erosion, improving soil organic matter and other important agronomic indicators, miscanthus has a high resource energy efficiency, which can be 90 %, a high level of conversion. With a yield of 8-17 t/ha/year, the selling price of miscanthus during its processing into thermal energy and biological oil of rapid pyrolysis was received at almost the same level - 100 €/t. The calorific value of energy culture is 17,7 MJ/kg, according to other scientific data is in the range of 16,0-17,2 MJ/kg, according to regulatory requirements CEN / TC 14961: 2005 – 18,4 MJ/kg, despite some deviations from the standards, miscanthus can be described as a valuable energy raw material suitable for combustion in boilers. Conclusions. According to the results of analytical studies, the relevance of using miscanthus energy culture as biomass for combustion in solid fuel boilers was assessed for the first time. Energy crops (miscanthus) after a single planting can be harvested annually for 15 years or more. Miscanthus is characterized by a high level of energy production, namely 143-560 GJ/ha, energy yield is 360 GJ/ha/year. Increasing the use of perennial energy crops such as miscanthus helps reduce fossil fuel consumption. Miscanthus has a high resource energy efficiency, which can be 75-90 %, a high level of conversion. According to scientific reports, the calorific value of energy crop (miscanthus) is 17,7 MJ/kg, according to regulatory requirements CEN
本研究的目的是评估将芒草能源培养物作为生物质在固体燃料锅炉中燃烧的相关性。研究方法。通过处理现有的科学和信息报告,对芒属植物作为生物质在固体燃料锅炉中燃烧的相关性进行了分析研究。研究结果。为了生产生物质,使用了特殊的能源作物,其特征是技术群体的快速生长——柳树、白杨、悬铃木或某些草本植物品种(芒草、小米、高粱等)。能源作物是专门种植的直接用作燃料或生活燃料生产的植物。一次种植后,这种作物(芒草)每年可收获15年或更长时间,平均产量为10吨/公顷。芒属植物根系发达(2.5米深),生长迅速,耐低温。生物质燃烧的技术选择分为三种主要类型:分层燃烧、粉尘燃烧、准液化状态燃烧,以及生物质与其他燃料的组合燃烧。芒的特点是能源生产水平相当高,实际产量为143-560 GJ/公顷,能源产量为360 GJ/公顷/年。增加使用芒草等多年生能源作物有助于减少化石燃料消耗。除了高产、抗旱、保持土壤结构、降低土壤侵蚀风险、改善土壤有机质等重要农艺指标外,芒属植物具有较高的资源能效,可达到90%,转化率较高。芒草产量为8-17吨/公顷/年,在其加工成热能和快速热解生物油的过程中,其售价几乎相同——100欧元/吨。能量培养的热值为17,7 MJ/kg,根据其他科学数据,在16,0-17,2 MJ/kg的范围内,根据CEN/TC 14961:2005-18.4 MJ/kg的监管要求,尽管与标准存在一些偏差,但芒草可以被描述为一种适合在锅炉中燃烧的有价值的能量原材料。结论。根据分析研究的结果,首次评估了利用芒草能源培养物作为生物质在固体燃料锅炉中燃烧的相关性。一次种植后的能源作物(芒草)每年可以收获15年或更长时间。芒的特点是高水平的能源生产,即143-560 GJ/公顷,能源产量为360 GJ/公顷/年。增加使用芒草等多年生能源作物有助于减少化石燃料消耗。芒属植物具有较高的资源能效,可达到75-90%,转化率较高。根据科学报告,根据CEN/TC 14961:2005–18,4 MJ/kg的监管要求,能源作物(芒草)的热值为17,7 MJ/kg,尽管与标准存在一些偏差,但芒草被认为是一种在固体燃料锅炉燃烧过程中有效的有价值的能源原材料。关键词:生物质,可再生能源,能源效率,能源作物,芒草,固体燃料锅炉。
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引用次数: 0
STREAMING ANALYZING OF SOIL DENSITY: STATE AND FORECAST OF RESEARCH 土壤密度流分析研究现状及预测
V. Pogoriliy, S. Sidorenko, S. Stepchenko, L. Shustyk, O. Len, T. Gaidai, O. Klochay
The purpose of research. To establish agrotechnical efficiency of technical-technological solution of Claydon seeder at sowing of industrial crops on the basis of analysis of experimental data of quality of sowing of sunflower by a tape spreading way, to define quality of sowing on a condition of crops in critical phases of growth and development of plants. Research methods. Engineering analysis of the structure. Observation and determination of biometric indicators of plants in crops based on cluster analysis of plant development. Results and conclusions. When sowing sunflowers with a Claydon seeder, compared to the control, more acceptable conditions for the development of each plant are created - the feeding area and its shape are optimized, competition and mutual shading of the leaf surface are reduced on the basis of a 56% improved aspect ratio, competition and mutual shading of the leaf surface are reduced, the competitive influence of neighboring plants is delayed for 5-7 days, the weighted average weight of the basket increases by the time of harvest increases by 10-20 %, more than doubles the preservation of plants up to the harvest period, which creates potential conditions for higher yields. Claydon seeder can be used as an alternative to precision seeders when sowing sunflowers, which, given its traditional use - sowing seeds of cereals and other crops - can significantly reduce the cost of economic entities for technical re-equipment, accelerate the pace of renewal of machine-tractor fleet the economy with modern, highly productive equipment and introduce energy-saving, innovative technologies of crop production. Keywords. Seeders, sowing methods, sowing quality, plants, biometric indicators, biological yield, machine-tractor fleet, technical re-equipment.
研究的目的。在分析向日葵胶带铺播质量试验数据的基础上,建立克莱顿播种机在经济作物播种时的农业技术效率,确定作物在植物生长发育关键时期的播种质量。研究方法。结构的工程分析。基于植物发育聚类分析的作物植物生物特征指标的观察与测定。结果和结论。用克莱顿播种机播种向日葵时,与对照相比,为每株植物的发育创造了更可接受的条件——优化了取食区及其形状,在提高56%宽高比的基础上减少了叶表面的竞争和相互遮阳,减少了叶表面的竞争和相互遮阳,延迟了5-7天邻近植物的竞争影响。篮子的加权平均重量在收获时增加了10- 20%,在收获期间植物的保存期增加了一倍以上,这为更高的产量创造了潜在的条件。克莱顿播种机在播种向日葵时可以替代精密播种机,由于它的传统用途是播种谷物和其他作物的种子,可以显著降低经济实体的技术再装备成本,加快机械拖拉机车队的更新步伐,采用现代化、高效率的设备,引进节能、创新的作物生产技术。关键词。播种机、播种方法、播种质量、植株、生物特征指标、生物产量、机拖拉机车队、技术再装备。
{"title":"STREAMING ANALYZING OF SOIL DENSITY: STATE AND FORECAST OF RESEARCH","authors":"V. Pogoriliy, S. Sidorenko, S. Stepchenko, L. Shustyk, O. Len, T. Gaidai, O. Klochay","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2022-1-30(44)-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2022-1-30(44)-12","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of research. To establish agrotechnical efficiency of technical-technological solution of Claydon seeder at sowing of industrial crops on the basis of analysis of experimental data of quality of sowing of sunflower by a tape spreading way, to define quality of sowing on a condition of crops in critical phases of growth and development of plants. Research methods. Engineering analysis of the structure. Observation and determination of biometric indicators of plants in crops based on cluster analysis of plant development. Results and conclusions. When sowing sunflowers with a Claydon seeder, compared to the control, more acceptable conditions for the development of each plant are created - the feeding area and its shape are optimized, competition and mutual shading of the leaf surface are reduced on the basis of a 56% improved aspect ratio, competition and mutual shading of the leaf surface are reduced, the competitive influence of neighboring plants is delayed for 5-7 days, the weighted average weight of the basket increases by the time of harvest increases by 10-20 %, more than doubles the preservation of plants up to the harvest period, which creates potential conditions for higher yields. Claydon seeder can be used as an alternative to precision seeders when sowing sunflowers, which, given its traditional use - sowing seeds of cereals and other crops - can significantly reduce the cost of economic entities for technical re-equipment, accelerate the pace of renewal of machine-tractor fleet the economy with modern, highly productive equipment and introduce energy-saving, innovative technologies of crop production. Keywords. Seeders, sowing methods, sowing quality, plants, biometric indicators, biological yield, machine-tractor fleet, technical re-equipment.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44570456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
STUDY OF BIOPREPARATIONS EFFICACY IN THE GROWING OF WINTER WHEAT 冬小麦生长过程中生物修复效应的研究
M. Novokhatsky
The aim of the work is to highlight the results of a field experiment on the effectiveness of the preparations "Pop up Plants Humate Potassium" and "Regoplant" in the cultivation of winter wheat. Methods. The field experiment was conducted in 2020/2021 on the lands of L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT (Kyiv agro-soil district of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe). Experience factors: factor A – tillage system (A1 – traditional, A2 – conservation, A3 – mulching, A4 – mini-till); Factor B – biological products "Potassium Humate + Regoplant" (B1 – control (without the use of preparations), B2 – the use of preparations for seed treatment and crop nutrition. When growing wheat, the traditional technology for the region was used, except for the elements of the experimental scheme. The effectiveness of the preparations was established by determining the biological yield of wheat and its structure compared to the control. Results. The use of humic preparations increased the weight of grain from the ear and the weight of 1000 seeds, which led to an increase in the biological yield of grain and the harvest index. The highest yield of wheat was observed in the traditional tillage system (A1), and the lowest – in the system of mini-till (A4). The largest increase in yield from the use of preparations (40 %) was observed in the version with a conservation tillage system (A2), and the smallest increase (20 %) – in the mulching tillage system version (A3). The experiment factors also influenced the growth of grain quality. In particular, the grain of the control variant contained 12.44 % of crude protein by weight of dry matter (seeds of the third class), and the grain of the experimental variant – 12.84 % of crude protein by weight of dry matter (seeds of the second class). There was also a decrease in the content of nitrogen-free extractive substances and crude ash. Conclusions. The use of "Pop up Plants Humate Potassium" and "Regoplant" had a positive effect on winter wheat yield and grain quality indicators. The average increase in the biological yield of winter wheat under different tillage systems was 30 % of the control. The superiority of the biological yield of winter wheat grain was noted in the variant with ploughing and biological fertilizers. The use of biological fertilizers also helped to improve grain quality indicators. Key words: Winter Wheat, Potassium Humate, Regoplant, Biological Yield, Tillage Systems.
本工作的目的是强调“弹出植物腐植酸钾”和“再植”制剂在冬小麦栽培中的有效性的田间试验结果。方法。田间试验于2020/2021年在L. pogorily UkrNDIPVT(基辅右岸森林草原农业土壤区)的土地上进行。体验因子:因子A—耕作制度(A1—传统耕作,A2—保护性耕作,A3—覆盖耕作,A4—迷你耕作);因子B -生物制品“腐植酸钾+再植”(B1 -控制(不使用制剂),B2 -使用制剂进行种子处理和作物营养。在种植小麦时,除了试验方案的要素外,还使用了该地区的传统技术。通过测定小麦的生物产量及其与对照的结构,确定了制剂的有效性。结果。腐殖质制剂的使用提高了籽粒离穗重和千粒重,提高了籽粒生物产量和收获指数。传统耕作制度(A1)小麦产量最高,迷你耕作制度(A4)产量最低。保护性耕作制度(A2)增产幅度最大(40%),覆盖耕作制度(A3)增产幅度最小(20%)。试验因素对籽粒品质的生长也有影响。其中,对照变异籽粒的粗蛋白质含量(按干物质重量计)为12.44%(第三类种子),而试验型变异籽粒的粗蛋白质含量(按干物质重量计)为12.84%(第二类种子)。无氮萃取物和粗灰分的含量也有所下降。结论。“弹出植物腐植酸钾”和“再植”的施用对冬小麦产量和籽粒品质指标均有积极影响。不同耕作制度下冬小麦生物产量的平均增幅为对照的30%。冬小麦籽粒生物产量的优势体现在耕作加生物肥料的变异上。生物肥料的使用也有助于改善粮食品质指标。关键词:冬小麦,腐植酸钾,再植,生物产量,耕作制度
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引用次数: 0
EFFICIENCY OF FERTILIZED FERTILIZATION AND PROTECTION OF MAIZE IN THE WESTERN REGION OF UKRAINE 乌克兰西部地区玉米的施肥效率与保护
V. Dumych, D. Bova
The purpose of research is improving the technology of growing corn for grain in the farms of Western Ukraine in the direction of optimizing fertilizer system and crop protection. Research methods: hypothesis, experiment, field observation, laboratory, visual and comparative calculation method. Research results. Research conducted in the conditions of the West of Ukraine. The experimental field was characterized by sod-podzolic light loam soils. During the studies, the effectiveness of foliar fertilization with water-soluble fertilizer Rosasol 18-18-18 + IU (3 kg/ha) and plant protection systems (spraying with insecticide August Borei Neo and fungicide Amistar Extra 280 SC) was determined. The experiments studied hybrids Ajax (FAO 210), Scanner (FAO 250), Exsklam (FAO 270) and Pioneer (FAO 300). For research, 12 sites with different foliar feeding schemes and plant protection systems were established. Mulching tillage was carried out at all sites. Urea (200 kg/ha) and magnesium sulfate (150 kg/ha) were applied for pre-sowing tillage. Sowing was performed with a Väderstad Tempo 8 seeder, which simultaneously with the sowing of seeds carried out intra-soil application of polyphos fertilizer (150 kg/ha). Seed sowing rate 15 kg/ha. To protect plants from weeds, crops were sprayed with Task Extra seed herbicide (0.44 l/ha). According to the results of research, it was found that foliar fertilization with Rosasol 18-18-18 + ME fertilizer contributed to the increase in corn grain yield by 0.78-1.65 t/ha. The highest yield was observed in the hybrid Pioneer (FAO 300), which was 11.68 t/ha (yield increase of 16.0 %), and the lowest in the hybrid Ajax (FAO 210) - 8.20 t/ha (yield increase of 18.0 %). Foliar fertilization and protection of plants from pests and diseases with the use of drugs Rosasol 18-18-18 + ME (3 kg/ha) + insecticide August Borei Neo (0.7 l/ha) + fungicide Amistar Extra 280 SC (0.7 l/ha) allows to obtain an increase in corn grain yield in the range from 2.02 to 2.19 t/ha or by 20.3-29.1 % depending on the hybrid compared to the control. The highest grain productivity of 12.52 t / ha and yield increase compared to the control of 2.19 t/ha was obtained in the hybrid Pioneer (FAO 300). Conclusions. The introduction of a system of plant protection against pests and diseases against the background of foliar fertilization provides an increase in grain yield by 0.84-1.34 t/ha (7.2-12.1 %) compared to options that provide only foliar fertilization. Foliar feeding and plant protection measures increase the grain productivity of corn. The economic effect from the introduction of foliar fertilization during the growing season varied from 4626 to 8730 UAH/ha, and from - fertilization and protection systems – from 11054 to 14844 UAH/ha. Key words: research, corn, water-soluble fertilizer, insecticide, fungicide, foliar fertilization, plant protection system, yield, efficiency.
研究的目的是在优化肥料系统和作物保护的方向上改进乌克兰西部农场的谷物玉米种植技术。研究方法:假设法、实验法、实地观察法、实验室法、目测法和比较计算法。研究的结果。在乌克兰西部的条件下进行的研究。试验田以浅壤土为特征。在试验中,测定了水溶性肥料Rosasol 18-18-18 + IU (3 kg/ha)叶面施肥和植保系统(喷洒杀虫剂August Borei Neo和杀菌剂Amistar Extra 280 SC)的效果。试验研究了杂交品种Ajax(粮农组织210)、Scanner(粮农组织250)、Exsklam(粮农组织270)和Pioneer(粮农组织300)。为了研究,建立了12个不同叶面摄食方案和植物保护制度的试验点。所有地点均进行了覆盖耕作。播前耕作施尿素(200 kg/ha)和硫酸镁(150 kg/ha)。使用Väderstad Tempo 8播种机播种,在播种的同时进行土壤内施用多磷肥(150 kg/ha)。播种量15公斤/公顷。为了保护植物免受杂草的侵害,作物喷洒了Task Extra种子除草剂(0.44 l/ha)。研究结果表明,叶面施用Rosasol 18-18-18 + ME肥可使玉米增产0.78 ~ 1.65 t/ha。杂交品种“先锋”(FAO 300)产量最高,为11.68 t/公顷(增产16.0%),杂交品种“阿贾克斯”(FAO 210)产量最低,为8.20 t/公顷(增产18.0%)。叶面施肥和使用Rosasol 18-18-18 + ME(3公斤/公顷)+杀虫剂August Borei Neo(0.7升/公顷)+杀菌剂Amistar Extra 280 SC(0.7升/公顷)保护植物免受病虫害,可使玉米籽粒产量增加2.02至2.19吨/公顷或20.3- 29.1%,具体取决于杂交品种与对照相比。杂交品种“先锋”(FAO 300)的产量最高,为12.52 t/公顷,与对照相比增产2.19 t/公顷。结论。与仅提供叶面施肥的方案相比,采用叶面施肥的植物防治病虫害系统可使粮食产量增加0.84-1.34吨/公顷(7.2% - 12.1%)。叶面饲喂和植物保护措施提高了玉米的产量。生长季叶面施肥的经济效益在4626 ~ 8730 UAH/ha之间,不施肥和不施肥的经济效益在11054 ~ 14844 UAH/ha之间。关键词:研究,玉米,水溶性肥料,杀虫剂,杀菌剂,叶面施肥,植保系统,产量,效率。
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引用次数: 0
EFFECTIVE APPLICATION OF THE COMPLEX MINERAL FERTILIZER LYUBOFOS IN CROP VARIETIES OF ALFAALFA ZAYKEVYCH IN CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL FOREST STEPP OF UKRAINE 在乌克兰中部森林草原条件下,复合矿肥在苜蓿品种上的有效应用
T. Panchenko, M. Novokhatskyi, M. Lozinsky, Y. Fedoruk, S. Hornovska, H. Ustynova
The article presents the results of research on the use of alfalfa cultivar Zaykevych mineral fertilizer Lyubofos NPK (Ca, S) 4-12-12-(5-20) at different times and application rates. The purpose of the research. Recently in Ukraine little attention has been paid to fodder plants and alfalfa blue. In connection with the changing requirements for the fertilizer system and the emergence of new complex fertilizers in Ukraine, it was decided to investigate the impact of terms and rates scientific production center BNAU of application of mineral fertilizer Lyubofos on the productivity of green mass of alfalfa variety Zaykevych obliquely during the growing season. Research methods: field, laboratory, comparative, analysis, generalization, mathematical and statistical. Results. Comparing the data of average daily temperatures and precipitation, we can conclude that the duration of the growing season between mowings of alfalfa was greatly influenced by air temperature. The use of Lyubofos fertilizer has a positive effect on the yield of alfalfa green mass. As the doses of fertilizer increase, so does the yield. With the application of 200 kg/ha in the physical mass of Lyubofos, the increase compared to the control without fertilizers is 30 %, and the application of 400 kg/ha increases the yield by 67 %. It was found that early spring feeding of alfalfa plants Lyubofosis more effective than autumn. The best yield result is 119.4 t/ha or +225 % to control, for application in autumn and spring at 400 kg/ha f. m. Lyubofos, N32P96K96(Ca40, S160). Analysis of yield between mowing’s shows that alfalfa provides the highest yield of green mass in the first (36.5 %) and second (39.8 %) mowing’s and significantly lower in the third (23.7 %). Conclusions: According to three-year studies of alfalfa cultivation in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the best option for one-time use of Lyubofos mineral fertilizer is its spring application at the rate of 400 kg / ha, or N16P48K48 (Ca20, S80). This ensured a yield of 88.8 t / ha over the years of use. The survival of alfalfa plants during the study period increased by 47.1 % compared to the control. With separate use of Lyubofos fertilizer, the best option was to apply 400 kg / ha in autumn and spring, which amounted to N32P96K96(Ca40, S160). The survival of plants under control in this variant is the highest 47.2 %, and the yield in the amount for 2020-2021 was 119.4 t/ha. Keywords: alfalfa, mineral fertilizer, norms and terms of application, yield of green mass.
本文介绍了苜蓿品种Zaykevych矿物肥料Lyubofos NPK(Ca,S)4-12-12-(5-20)在不同时期和施用量下的使用研究结果。研究的目的。最近在乌克兰,人们很少关注饲料植物和苜蓿蓝。鉴于乌克兰对肥料系统需求的变化和新型复合肥料的出现,决定调查施用矿物肥料Lyubofos的条件和费率科学生产中心BNAU在生长季节对苜蓿品种Zaykevych绿色群体生产力的影响。研究方法:野外、实验室、比较、分析、归纳、数理统计。后果通过对日平均气温和降水量数据的比较,我们可以得出结论,苜蓿生长季节的持续时间受气温的影响很大。Lyubofos肥料的使用对苜蓿绿块产量有积极影响,随着肥料用量的增加,产量也会增加。在柳实体质量中施用200公斤/公顷,与不施肥的对照相比,产量增加了30%,施用400公斤/公顷可使产量增加67%。研究发现,早春饲喂苜蓿比秋季更有效。秋季和春季施用Lyubofos,N32P96K96(Ca40,S160)400公斤/公顷时,最佳产量为119.4吨/公顷,或+225%。对两次割草产量的分析表明,苜蓿在第一次(36.5%)和第二次(39.8%)割草中提供了最高的绿色物质产量,而在第三次(23.7%)割草时则显著降低。结论:根据对乌克兰森林草原苜蓿种植的三年研究,一次性使用Lyubofos矿物肥料的最佳选择是春季施用400kg/ha,即N16P48K48(Ca20,S80)。这确保了在使用多年内产量达到88.8吨/公顷。与对照组相比,研究期间苜蓿植株的存活率提高了47.1%。在单独使用柳博夫肥料的情况下,最佳选择是在秋季和春季施用400公斤/公顷,总计N32P96K96(Ca40,S160)。在该变体中,受控植物的存活率最高,为47.2%,2020-2021年的产量为119.4吨/公顷。关键词:苜蓿,矿物肥料,施用规范和条件,绿色群体产量。
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引用次数: 0
SEED PRODUCTIVITY AND ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY OF PEAS VILLAGES 豌豆村的种子生产力与生态可持续性
O. Tkachuk, V. Verhelis
Abstract The lack of information on the cultivation of varieties of peas, as fodder crops, for seeds, leads to low yields of its seeds with significant losses. Purpose of research. Therefore, the aim of our research was to analyze according to the State Register of Plant varieties suitable for growing in Ukraine in 2022. indicators of seed productivity, environmental sustainability and technological suitability for mechanized harvesting of winter and spring pea varieties. Research methods. The quality indicators of winter pea varieties (Vicia villosa Roth.) And spring (Vicia sativa L. spring) were analyzed according to a set of indicators: drought resistance (scores), disease resistance (scores), pest resistance (scores), resistance to lodging (points), winter hardiness (points), resistance to seed shedding (points), seed yield (c / ha). The score was performed according to the following gradation: 9 points - the highest stability; 1 point - the lowest stability. Resistance of pea plants to such diseases as ascochitosis, rust was evaluated and pest - pea seed. Research results. As of 2022, the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine includes three varieties of winter sowing peas and 25 varieties of spring sowing peas. Among the winter pea varieties included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine in 2022, the highest seed yield and winter hardiness is Swan Song - 20.2 c / ha, the most drought-resistant are Swan Song and Pearl, the most resistant to disease are Neoplant variety, and before the lodging of plants - Pearl. Among the spring pea varieties, the most productive in terms of seed yield are Volodymyr - 24.5 c / ha, Ariadna, Nakhodka - 23.0 c / ha, New Belgrade - 22.0 c / ha and Bila Tserkva 10-22.8 c / ha. The most resistant to diseases are varieties Ozyryana, Pivdennobuzka, Dionis, Natalka, Ltava, Podilska rannya, Vesnyanka, Winner; before the drought - Nadiya Podillya, Podilska Rannya, Ltava, Vesnyanka, Natalka; before lying down - Ariadna, Natalka and Oziryana; before the seeds fall off - New Belgrade, Find, Ariadne, Ltava, Vesnyanka, Podilska early. Conclusions. Comparison of indicators of agroecological stability and seed productivity of winter and spring forms of sowing peas showed that in terms of drought resistance winter and spring varieties do not differ in average; in terms of resistance to diseases, spring pea varieties are 0.1 points more resistant than winter forms; resistance to lodging of the stem was 0.7 points higher in winter pea varieties than in spring forms; seed yield was 21.5% higher in spring forms, compared with winter, probably, winter peas provide higher yields of vegetative fodder base. Key words: sowing peas, seeds, varieties, productivity, ecological stability, manufacturability.
摘要缺乏关于豌豆品种作为种子饲料作物的种植信息,导致其种子产量低,损失惨重。研究目的。因此,我们研究的目的是根据2022年适合在乌克兰种植的植物品种国家登记册进行分析。冬豌豆和春豌豆品种的种子生产力、环境可持续性和技术适用性指标。研究方法。根据一组指标对冬豌豆品种(Vicia villosa Roth)和春豌豆(Vicia sativa L.spring)的品质指标进行了分析:抗旱性(得分)、抗病性(得分、害虫抗性(得分),抗倒伏性(分)、抗寒性(分、抗脱落性(分和种子产量(c/ha))。根据以下等级进行评分:9分-最高稳定性;1分-稳定性最低。评价了豌豆植株对子囊病、锈病和豌豆种子害虫的抗性。研究结果。截至2022年,乌克兰国家植物品种登记册包括三个冬播豌豆品种和25个春播豌豆品种。在2022年被列入乌克兰国家适宜分布植物品种登记册的冬豌豆品种中,种子产量和抗寒性最高的是天鹅松-20.2 c/ha,最耐旱的是天鹅和珍珠,最抗病的是新植物品种,以及在植物倒伏之前的珍珠。在春豌豆品种中,种子产量最高的是Volodymyr 24.5 c/ha、Ariadna、Nakhodka 23.0 c/ha,New Belgrade 22.0 c/ha和Bila Tserkva 10-22.8 c/ha。抗病性最强的品种是Ozyryana、Pivdennobuzka、Dionis、Natalka、Ltava、Podilska rannya、Vesnyanka、Winner;干旱前——Nadya Podilya、Podilska Rannya、Ltava、Vesnyanka、Natalka;躺下来之前-阿里亚娜,纳塔尔卡和奥齐亚娜;在种子落下之前——新贝尔格莱德、Find、Ariadne、Ltava、Vesnyanka、波德尔斯卡。结论。冬春季播种豌豆的农业生态稳定性和种子生产力指标比较表明,冬春季品种在抗旱性方面平均无差异;在抗病性方面,春豌豆品种的抗病性比冬豌豆品种高0.1个百分点;冬豌豆品种对茎部倒伏的抗性比春豌豆品种高0.7个百分点;春型种子产量比冬型高21.5%,冬豌豆可能提供了更高的营养饲料基产量。关键词:播种豌豆,种子,品种,生产力,生态稳定性,可制造性。
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引用次数: 0
ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT OF INDEPENDENT ELEMENTS OF PLANT SYSTEMS 植物系统独立元件的工程管理
I. Sivak
Purpose of the study. The aim of the research is to substantiate the analytical provisions of engineering management of the state of independent elements of plant engineering. The practical result will be the formation of the initial provisions of Smart-technology of engineering management to change the state of independent elements of plant engineering. Research methods. The methodological basis of the work is the generalization and analysis of known scientific results regarding the engineering management of the state of independent elements of plant engineering, and the use of a systems approach. Analytical method and comparative analysis was used to form a scientific problem, determine the purpose and set research objectives. The main provisions of the theory of systems engineering, methodology of systems analysis, theory of matrices, differential calculations and research on the theory of graphs, the theory of Markov processes, Bernoulli's theorem was used to create analytical models. The results of the study. The article considers the solutions that allowed substantiate the differential equations that characterize changes in the state of agricultural machinery in the complex of plant engineering, similar to which in the theory of Markov processes is called equations of reproduction and death. The analytical paper uses the ergodic property of Markov processes, according to which the existence of a limit or established regime of stationary probabilistic process of changing the state of agricultural machinery in the complex of plant engineering systems is established. The article considers the probability models of changes in the state of agricultural machinery in the aggregate of plant engineering systems, which tend to the limit values and do not depend on the initial distribution of . The solution of these models for the regime, we can find the probabilities of , where , of all possible states of agricultural machinery in the aggregate of plant engineering. This was used to determine the level of technical readiness of agricultural machinery. According to Bernoulli's theorem, it is established that with increasing number of experiments, namely state transitions in the analyzed case, the frequency of the event converges in probability with the probability of the event, and for the regime. Conclusions. As a result of research: - new scientifically sound technical and technological solutions and developments were obtained, which are aimed at substantiating the analytical provisions of engineering management of independent elements of plant engineering, which will serve as the starting point of Smart technology of engineering management. - it was confirmed that the intensity of recovery, in addition to the number of faulty agricultural machinery in the structure of crop production technologies, also depends on the nature of faults and the type of troubleshooting, and the type of engineering management tools. - the analytical provisions for deter
研究目的:本研究的目的是为了证实工程管理对工厂工程独立要素状态的分析规定。实际结果将是形成工程管理智能技术的初步规定,以改变工厂工程独立要素的状态。研究方法。这项工作的方法论基础是对已知科学成果的概括和分析,这些成果是关于工厂工程中独立元素状态的工程管理的,并使用了系统方法。运用分析法和比较分析法,形成科学问题,确定研究目的,设定研究目标。主要规定了系统工程理论、系统分析方法论、矩阵理论、微分计算和图论的研究、马尔可夫过程理论、伯努利定理等来建立分析模型。研究的结果。本文考虑了在植物工程复合体中允许证实表征农业机械状态变化的微分方程的解,类似于在马尔可夫过程理论中称为繁殖和死亡方程的微分方程。本文利用马尔可夫过程的遍历性,建立了植物工程系统复合体中农业机械状态改变的平稳概率过程的极限或既定状态的存在性。本文考虑了植物工程系统总体中农业机械状态变化的概率模型,该模型趋向于极限值,不依赖于初始分布。对这些模型的解,我们可以找到农业机械在植物工程集合中所有可能状态的概率。这是用来确定农业机械的技术准备水平。由伯努利定理可知,随着实验次数的增加,即所分析的情况下的状态转移,事件发生的频率与事件发生的概率在概率上收敛,对于制度而言。结论。作为研究的结果:-获得了新的科学合理的技术和技术解决方案和发展,旨在证实工厂工程独立元素的工程管理分析规定,这将作为工程管理智能技术的起点。-经证实,除了作物生产技术结构中故障农业机械的数量外,恢复的强度还取决于故障的性质和排除故障的类型以及工程管理工具的类型。——确定农业机械技术准备系数、农业机械可靠性和作物生产技术结构中工程管理力量之间关系的分析规定得到了证实。关键词:修复,技术就绪系数,农机,可靠性,系统工程。
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引用次数: 0
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Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini
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