Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-14
V. Maliarchuk, E. Fedorchuk
Abstract. The article presents the results of research on the use of liquid organic fertilizer in the cultivation of winter wheat in compliance with the requirements of organic farming in the grain-steam crop rotation of the experimental field of the South-Ukrainian branch of L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT in 2020-2021. The purpose of research is to analyze the effectiveness of organic fertilizers as a strategic priority for the development of low-carbon agricultural land use (agrochemical direction of adaptation to climate change). Determining the impact of liquid organic fertilizer "Riverm" on the quality of the soil and its ability to retain moisture, as well as to increase the productivity of winter wheat in crop rotations on non-irrigated lands of southern Ukraine. Research methods: field quantitative-weight, visual and laboratory methods. Mathematical and statistical methods used to systematize and generalize the obtained results. Research results. It has been experimentally established that the use of new generation organic fertilizers suspends the reduction of humus content and contributes to the achievement of its deficit-free balance. In particular, during the study period there was a significant increase in the content of organic matter (labile humus) in the soil by 6.01 %, which in two years rose to the level of average values (2.10 %), against a low level of security (1.98 %) to use of “Riverm” fertilizer. Conclusions. The effectiveness of liquid organic fertilizer "Riverm" in the cultivation of winter wheat Khersonskaya-99 in the southern steppe of Ukraine, which improves nutrition and significantly increases the content of mineral nutrients (NPK), and as a result helps to increase the yield of winter wheat on average at 14 %.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Organic Fertilizers as a Means of Adapting to Climate Change","authors":"V. Maliarchuk, E. Fedorchuk","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-14","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The article presents the results of research on the use of liquid organic fertilizer in the cultivation of winter wheat in compliance with the requirements of organic farming in the grain-steam crop rotation of the experimental field of the South-Ukrainian branch of L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT in 2020-2021. The purpose of research is to analyze the effectiveness of organic fertilizers as a strategic priority for the development of low-carbon agricultural land use (agrochemical direction of adaptation to climate change). Determining the impact of liquid organic fertilizer \"Riverm\" on the quality of the soil and its ability to retain moisture, as well as to increase the productivity of winter wheat in crop rotations on non-irrigated lands of southern Ukraine. Research methods: field quantitative-weight, visual and laboratory methods. Mathematical and statistical methods used to systematize and generalize the obtained results. Research results. It has been experimentally established that the use of new generation organic fertilizers suspends the reduction of humus content and contributes to the achievement of its deficit-free balance. In particular, during the study period there was a significant increase in the content of organic matter (labile humus) in the soil by 6.01 %, which in two years rose to the level of average values (2.10 %), against a low level of security (1.98 %) to use of “Riverm” fertilizer. Conclusions. The effectiveness of liquid organic fertilizer \"Riverm\" in the cultivation of winter wheat Khersonskaya-99 in the southern steppe of Ukraine, which improves nutrition and significantly increases the content of mineral nutrients (NPK), and as a result helps to increase the yield of winter wheat on average at 14 %.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41842618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-13
V. Malyarchuk, E. Fedorchuk
Abstract. The article presents the results of research of the South-Ukrainian branch of UkrNDIPVT L. Pogoriloho on the adaptation of winter wheat cultivation technologies in grain and steam crop rotations to increase the aridity of the climate by optimizing the density of standing plants, methods and depth of basic tillage. The purpose of research is to adjust the seeding rate by changing the width of the rows when growing winter wheat, as an agro-technological measure of accumulation and rational use of soil moisture (agro-technological direction of adaptation to climate change). Determining the influence of sowing rate, with different methods of tillage, on the productivity and economic efficiency of growing winter wheat in crop rotations on non-irrigated lands of southern Ukraine. Methods and Materials: field, quantitative-weight, visual and laboratory methods. Mathematical and statistical methods were used to systematize and generalize the obtained results. Research results. It has been experimentally established that the replacement of plowing to a depth of 28-30 cm for winter wheat crops with shallow (10-12 cm) disc tillage and reduction of the sowing rate of winter wheat variety «Kherson-99» to 2.25 million pieces similar seeds per hectare, by increasing the width between rows, provided an increase in grain yield by 16.7 % in 2020 and 7.7% in 2021. The profit per 1 hectare with this technology amounted to UAH 13280,5 in 2020 and UAH 28484,9 in 2021, which is 18.4 % and 9.3 % more than similar indicators in deep plowing and 31.3 % and 8.9 % more than the classic sowing rate (4.5 million units/ha). Conclusions. The efficiency of replacing deep plowing with shallow disc loosening and reducing the sowing rate to 2.25 million units/ha in the cultivation of winter wheat Kherson-99 in grain and steam crop rotation of the South of Ukraine was confirmed. A regularity in the size of the effect of reducing the seeding rate under drier conditions of the growing season was revealed.
{"title":"Tillage and Plant Density as Measures of Adaptation to Climate Change","authors":"V. Malyarchuk, E. Fedorchuk","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-13","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The article presents the results of research of the South-Ukrainian branch of UkrNDIPVT L. Pogoriloho on the adaptation of winter wheat cultivation technologies in grain and steam crop rotations to increase the aridity of the climate by optimizing the density of standing plants, methods and depth of basic tillage. The purpose of research is to adjust the seeding rate by changing the width of the rows when growing winter wheat, as an agro-technological measure of accumulation and rational use of soil moisture (agro-technological direction of adaptation to climate change). Determining the influence of sowing rate, with different methods of tillage, on the productivity and economic efficiency of growing winter wheat in crop rotations on non-irrigated lands of southern Ukraine. Methods and Materials: field, quantitative-weight, visual and laboratory methods. Mathematical and statistical methods were used to systematize and generalize the obtained results. Research results. It has been experimentally established that the replacement of plowing to a depth of 28-30 cm for winter wheat crops with shallow (10-12 cm) disc tillage and reduction of the sowing rate of winter wheat variety «Kherson-99» to 2.25 million pieces similar seeds per hectare, by increasing the width between rows, provided an increase in grain yield by 16.7 % in 2020 and 7.7% in 2021. The profit per 1 hectare with this technology amounted to UAH 13280,5 in 2020 and UAH 28484,9 in 2021, which is 18.4 % and 9.3 % more than similar indicators in deep plowing and 31.3 % and 8.9 % more than the classic sowing rate (4.5 million units/ha). Conclusions. The efficiency of replacing deep plowing with shallow disc loosening and reducing the sowing rate to 2.25 million units/ha in the cultivation of winter wheat Kherson-99 in grain and steam crop rotation of the South of Ukraine was confirmed. A regularity in the size of the effect of reducing the seeding rate under drier conditions of the growing season was revealed.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43998515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-6
L. Shustik, T. Gaidai, V. Pogoriliy, S. Stepchenko, S. Sidorenko, Y. Kozlov
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF TRACTOR’S TRACTION CHARACTERISTICS ON THE QUALITY OF GiaRDino DISC HARROW WORK","authors":"L. Shustik, T. Gaidai, V. Pogoriliy, S. Stepchenko, S. Sidorenko, Y. Kozlov","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45735752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-17
A. Shuvar, Y. Salo
The purpose of research is the development of a competitive, adapted to soil and climatic conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone of the western, organic technology for growing oilseed flax. Research methods – hypothesis, experiment, observation, quantitative-weight, field, visual and comparative calculation. Research results. The use of growth stimulants Vitazim, Ascostart Spectrum for flax seed treatment of flax seeds led to an increase in germination of seeds by 4.2-5.2 % . The highest productivity of seeds oil flax (1.34 t / ha) was obtained by using the biostimulant Vitazim (1.0 l / t) for pre-sowing seed treatment. The increase before control was 14.1 %. Other studies have stimulated the growth and development of plants contributed to an increase in the yield of oilseed flax in the range of 9.5-10.9 %. For complex micro-fertilizers this indicator was in the range of 0.08-0.09 t / ha (6.8-7.8 %). Pre-sowing treatment of flax seeds with growth stimulators Spectrum Ascostart, Vitazim, Ecoline Boron, Vympel 2 influenced the increase of oil content in seeds by 0.5-1.4 %. The highest yield of flaxseed oil for growing flax on an organic basis (0.563 t / ha) was obtained using the biostimulant Vitazim. The increase before control was 0.08-0.095 t / ha (17.1-20.3 %) depending on the method of use. Other complex fertilizers and stimulators of plant growth and development provided an increase in oil yield at the level of 0.048–0.092 t / ha (10.3-19.7 %) with the control indicator at 0.468 t / ha. Analysis of the content of heavy metals in oilseed flax seeds using complex micro-fertilizers and growth stimulants indicates its environmental safety. In particular, their content was significantly lower than the MPC: zinc - 11.4-12.7 (MPC - 50 mg / kg), lead - 0.01-0.07 (MPC - 0.3 mg / kg), cadmium - no more 0.010 (MPC - 0.03 mg / kg), copper - 5.9-6.8 (MPC - 10.0 mg / kg). Conclusions. The use of the studied complex micro-fertilizers and growth stimulants in the organic technology of oil flax cultivation helped to increase the length of the growing season, increased germination and reduced plant disease. The use of these drugs for treatment seed and foliar fertilization led to an increase in seed yield by 9.0-21.8 % compared to control (1.1 t / ha) and an increase in content of 0.6-0.9 % and oil yield in within 0.048-0.095 t / ha (10.3-20.8 %).
{"title":"APPLICATION OF COMPLEX FERTILIZERS AND BIOPREPARATIONS IN ORGANIC PRODUCTION OF OIL FLAX","authors":"A. Shuvar, Y. Salo","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-17","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of research is the development of a competitive, adapted to soil and climatic conditions of the Forest-Steppe zone of the western, organic technology for growing oilseed flax. Research methods – hypothesis, experiment, observation, quantitative-weight, field, visual and comparative calculation. Research results. The use of growth stimulants Vitazim, Ascostart Spectrum for flax seed treatment of flax seeds led to an increase in germination of seeds by 4.2-5.2 % . The highest productivity of seeds oil flax (1.34 t / ha) was obtained by using the biostimulant Vitazim (1.0 l / t) for pre-sowing seed treatment. The increase before control was 14.1 %. Other studies have stimulated the growth and development of plants contributed to an increase in the yield of oilseed flax in the range of 9.5-10.9 %. For complex micro-fertilizers this indicator was in the range of 0.08-0.09 t / ha (6.8-7.8 %). Pre-sowing treatment of flax seeds with growth stimulators Spectrum Ascostart, Vitazim, Ecoline Boron, Vympel 2 influenced the increase of oil content in seeds by 0.5-1.4 %. The highest yield of flaxseed oil for growing flax on an organic basis (0.563 t / ha) was obtained using the biostimulant Vitazim. The increase before control was 0.08-0.095 t / ha (17.1-20.3 %) depending on the method of use. Other complex fertilizers and stimulators of plant growth and development provided an increase in oil yield at the level of 0.048–0.092 t / ha (10.3-19.7 %) with the control indicator at 0.468 t / ha. Analysis of the content of heavy metals in oilseed flax seeds using complex micro-fertilizers and growth stimulants indicates its environmental safety. In particular, their content was significantly lower than the MPC: zinc - 11.4-12.7 (MPC - 50 mg / kg), lead - 0.01-0.07 (MPC - 0.3 mg / kg), cadmium - no more 0.010 (MPC - 0.03 mg / kg), copper - 5.9-6.8 (MPC - 10.0 mg / kg). Conclusions. The use of the studied complex micro-fertilizers and growth stimulants in the organic technology of oil flax cultivation helped to increase the length of the growing season, increased germination and reduced plant disease. The use of these drugs for treatment seed and foliar fertilization led to an increase in seed yield by 9.0-21.8 % compared to control (1.1 t / ha) and an increase in content of 0.6-0.9 % and oil yield in within 0.048-0.095 t / ha (10.3-20.8 %).","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45489071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-12
N. Maidanovych, R. Saidak
The aim of this work is to highlight the algorithm and results of modeling the average regional levels of cereals and legumes yields in some regions of Ukraine (Odessa region for example) using remote data, which used the vegetation index VHI. Methods. Model calculations were performed according to the productivity of cereals and legumes in Odessa region for 2011-2020 and the vegetation index VHI for the same period. VHI products received from NOAA STAR - Global Vegetation Health Products system (4 km resolution, 7-day composite). The relationship between VHI and cereals and legumes yields was assessed by correlation-regression analysis. Results. Statistically significant relationships between VHI and cereals and legumes yields levels in Odessa region with a correlation coefficient of 0.8- 0.9 in the period from April to July were establish. Regression dependences for early forecast of сereals and legumes yields (as of the end of April and May) were established using VHI for 16 and 20 weeks (from the beginning of the year). The correlation coefficient between the actual yield Ufact and the model values is 0.93 for Ufor(16) and 0.89 for Ufor(20). The forecast error did not exceed 10 % for Ufor(16) in 70 % of cases, and for Ufor(20) – in 80 % of cases. Conclusions. The authors established regression dependences for the early forecast (as of the end of April and May) of cereals and legumes yields in Odesa region using the region-averaged vegetation indices VHI for 16 and 20 weeks from the beginning of the year. This algorithm can be used to build model ratios for calculating crop yields for different regions of Ukraine and separately for different crops.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF VHI VEGETATION INDICES TO CROP YIELD FORECASTING","authors":"N. Maidanovych, R. Saidak","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-12","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to highlight the algorithm and results of modeling the average regional levels of cereals and legumes yields in some regions of Ukraine (Odessa region for example) using remote data, which used the vegetation index VHI. Methods. Model calculations were performed according to the productivity of cereals and legumes in Odessa region for 2011-2020 and the vegetation index VHI for the same period. VHI products received from NOAA STAR - Global Vegetation Health Products system (4 km resolution, 7-day composite). The relationship between VHI and cereals and legumes yields was assessed by correlation-regression analysis. Results. Statistically significant relationships between VHI and cereals and legumes yields levels in Odessa region with a correlation coefficient of 0.8- 0.9 in the period from April to July were establish. Regression dependences for early forecast of сereals and legumes yields (as of the end of April and May) were established using VHI for 16 and 20 weeks (from the beginning of the year). The correlation coefficient between the actual yield Ufact and the model values is 0.93 for Ufor(16) and 0.89 for Ufor(20). The forecast error did not exceed 10 % for Ufor(16) in 70 % of cases, and for Ufor(20) – in 80 % of cases. Conclusions. The authors established regression dependences for the early forecast (as of the end of April and May) of cereals and legumes yields in Odesa region using the region-averaged vegetation indices VHI for 16 and 20 weeks from the beginning of the year. This algorithm can be used to build model ratios for calculating crop yields for different regions of Ukraine and separately for different crops.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45654479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-18
V. Dumych, O. Krupych
The purpose of research is determination of an effective soil cultivation method that will create favorable soil conditions for plant growth and development, accumulation of crop seeds and provides high economic efficiency of culture growing on sod-podzolic soils in the Western region of Ukraine. Research methods - hypothesis, experiment, field observation, laboratory, visual and comparative calculation. Research results. The scheme of the experiment involved studying the impact on yield and efficiency of soybean cultivation of the following factors: – factor A (soil type): a) turf deeply gley sandy; b) sod-slightly podzolic sandy loam; – factor B (tillage): a) traditional (plowing with a reversible mounted plow PON-5/4 to a depth of 25 cm); b) mulching (disking in two tracks with a harrow BDV-3.6 to a depth of 15 cm). The plow and the disc harrow were aggregated with HTZ-150 K tractors According to the quality scores, the turf deeply gleyed sandy soil of plot I by all criteria prevails over similar parameters of sod-slightly podzolic sandy soil of plot II, which indicates its higher fertility. The agrochemical score of the soil in plot I is 56 and is higher than in plot II, where it is equal to 37 points. In the area and density of the stem in the gathering period was 1.7-1.9 pcs./m2 greater compared to this indicator in the II site. On the site and plants grew better and evolved. Biological yield on the site and amounted to 1.77-2.01 t/ha and was greater than in the II region by 41.6 % and 43.6 %. According to the results of research, deterioration of grain performance in variant with mulk treatment is also noted. Biological yield of seeds in areas with traditional treatments was 13.6 % and 12.0 % more comparable to variants of mulum grinding. In section I, the density of stems during the harvest period was 1.7-1.9 units/m2 higher compared to this indicator in section II. In the area I plants grew and developed better. Biological yield in plot I was 1.77-2.01 t/ha and was higher than in plot II by 41.6 % and 43.6 %. According to the results of the research, the deterioration of grain productivity indicators in the variant with mulching was also noted. Biological yield of seeds in areas with traditional tillage was 13.6% and 12.0% higher compared to mulching options. According to research, it can be stated that soil fertility has a greater impact on soybean grain productivity than tillage systems. The costs of growing soybeans, depending on the type and mechanical composition of the soil and the method of tillage ranged from 18860 to 19735 UAH / ha. Higher tillage costs were obtained in section I, which was characterized by heavier mechanical composition of gley soils. However, the soils of plot I have higher fertility and optimal acidity, which allowed to obtain higher grain productivity than in plot II – 1.77-1.01 t/ha against 1.25-1.40 t/ha. Due to higher yields, the unit cost of production in section I was 9818-10765 UAH/t and was lower by 4
{"title":"GRAIN PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEAN UNDER DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN THE WESTERN REGION OF UKRAINE","authors":"V. Dumych, O. Krupych","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-18","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of research is determination of an effective soil cultivation method that will create favorable soil conditions for plant growth and development, accumulation of crop seeds and provides high economic efficiency of culture growing on sod-podzolic soils in the Western region of Ukraine. Research methods - hypothesis, experiment, field observation, laboratory, visual and comparative calculation. Research results. The scheme of the experiment involved studying the impact on yield and efficiency of soybean cultivation of the following factors: – factor A (soil type): a) turf deeply gley sandy; b) sod-slightly podzolic sandy loam; – factor B (tillage): a) traditional (plowing with a reversible mounted plow PON-5/4 to a depth of 25 cm); b) mulching (disking in two tracks with a harrow BDV-3.6 to a depth of 15 cm). The plow and the disc harrow were aggregated with HTZ-150 K tractors According to the quality scores, the turf deeply gleyed sandy soil of plot I by all criteria prevails over similar parameters of sod-slightly podzolic sandy soil of plot II, which indicates its higher fertility. The agrochemical score of the soil in plot I is 56 and is higher than in plot II, where it is equal to 37 points. In the area and density of the stem in the gathering period was 1.7-1.9 pcs./m2 greater compared to this indicator in the II site. On the site and plants grew better and evolved. Biological yield on the site and amounted to 1.77-2.01 t/ha and was greater than in the II region by 41.6 % and 43.6 %. According to the results of research, deterioration of grain performance in variant with mulk treatment is also noted. Biological yield of seeds in areas with traditional treatments was 13.6 % and 12.0 % more comparable to variants of mulum grinding. In section I, the density of stems during the harvest period was 1.7-1.9 units/m2 higher compared to this indicator in section II. In the area I plants grew and developed better. Biological yield in plot I was 1.77-2.01 t/ha and was higher than in plot II by 41.6 % and 43.6 %. According to the results of the research, the deterioration of grain productivity indicators in the variant with mulching was also noted. Biological yield of seeds in areas with traditional tillage was 13.6% and 12.0% higher compared to mulching options. According to research, it can be stated that soil fertility has a greater impact on soybean grain productivity than tillage systems. The costs of growing soybeans, depending on the type and mechanical composition of the soil and the method of tillage ranged from 18860 to 19735 UAH / ha. Higher tillage costs were obtained in section I, which was characterized by heavier mechanical composition of gley soils. However, the soils of plot I have higher fertility and optimal acidity, which allowed to obtain higher grain productivity than in plot II – 1.77-1.01 t/ha against 1.25-1.40 t/ha. Due to higher yields, the unit cost of production in section I was 9818-10765 UAH/t and was lower by 4","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43891910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-16
V. Sidorenko
Summary. The article presents the results of research on the technology of compatible introduction of mineral fertilizers with irrigation water of sprinkling machines and testing equipment for fertigation. The purpose of research - technological analysis of various types of equipment for combining fertilizer, which is used in the production practice of S.-G. Manufacturers, definition of their basic operational and technological indicators and efficiency of using fertigation technology. Research methods: theoretical, empirical - analysis of information resources, analysis of the practice of using fertigation; laboratory-field tests for information data. using measurements and experiments. Research results. The traditional methods of fertilizing - superficial and local, in particular, the disadvantages of their use are analyzed. It was noted that one of the ways of intensifying irrigated agriculture, in which the requirements for the effective use of fertilizers and reducing resource costs are multipurpose use of irrigation equipment, namely combining irrigation with fertilizers along with irrigation water. The high efficacy of fertigation is established, which is determined by the fact that the fertilizers in an easily accessible form can be introduced at those stages of plant development when they are most required. In this case, a more uniform distribution of fertilizers in the area is provided, the coefficient of their use increases, improves the quality of products, increases yield. In Ukraine there is no production of appropriate equipment for fertimation and S.-G. Manufacturers have to use for this Equipment for foreign production. In 2017-2020, testing equipment for fertigation used by Ukrainian S.-G. Manufacturers: ITL SL, Spain, Inject-O-Mfg.S., Agri-Inject, Inc. » USA. The conducted studies on the introduction of liquid fertilizer CAS showed that the parameters of the dispenser pump and other components of the test equipment provide fertilizers with irrigation water according to their desired norm. The work of the pump-dispenser does not significantly affect the pressure-consuming characteristics of the rainy machine. The use of CAS increases the technological equipment of equipment, reduces energy intensity and labor intensity of its work due to the absence of a technological operation of the preparation of a mother liquor. Conclusions. The established effectiveness of the technological operation of fertility using test equipment allows a steadily process with the appointment indicators, the quality of work and reliability that satisfy the requirements for the technological process of fertilizing with irrigation water.
{"title":"Technologies and Equipment for Applying Fertilizers with Water by Sprinkling Machines","authors":"V. Sidorenko","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-16","url":null,"abstract":"Summary. The article presents the results of research on the technology of compatible introduction of mineral fertilizers with irrigation water of sprinkling machines and testing equipment for fertigation. The purpose of research - technological analysis of various types of equipment for combining fertilizer, which is used in the production practice of S.-G. Manufacturers, definition of their basic operational and technological indicators and efficiency of using fertigation technology. Research methods: theoretical, empirical - analysis of information resources, analysis of the practice of using fertigation; laboratory-field tests for information data. using measurements and experiments. Research results. The traditional methods of fertilizing - superficial and local, in particular, the disadvantages of their use are analyzed. It was noted that one of the ways of intensifying irrigated agriculture, in which the requirements for the effective use of fertilizers and reducing resource costs are multipurpose use of irrigation equipment, namely combining irrigation with fertilizers along with irrigation water. The high efficacy of fertigation is established, which is determined by the fact that the fertilizers in an easily accessible form can be introduced at those stages of plant development when they are most required. In this case, a more uniform distribution of fertilizers in the area is provided, the coefficient of their use increases, improves the quality of products, increases yield. In Ukraine there is no production of appropriate equipment for fertimation and S.-G. Manufacturers have to use for this Equipment for foreign production. In 2017-2020, testing equipment for fertigation used by Ukrainian S.-G. Manufacturers: ITL SL, Spain, Inject-O-Mfg.S., Agri-Inject, Inc. » USA. The conducted studies on the introduction of liquid fertilizer CAS showed that the parameters of the dispenser pump and other components of the test equipment provide fertilizers with irrigation water according to their desired norm. The work of the pump-dispenser does not significantly affect the pressure-consuming characteristics of the rainy machine. The use of CAS increases the technological equipment of equipment, reduces energy intensity and labor intensity of its work due to the absence of a technological operation of the preparation of a mother liquor. Conclusions. The established effectiveness of the technological operation of fertility using test equipment allows a steadily process with the appointment indicators, the quality of work and reliability that satisfy the requirements for the technological process of fertilizing with irrigation water.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43261488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-22
E. Berger, I. Lilevman, O. Lilevman
Purpose of the study is to develop a technology and research and industrial plant for the production of activated carbon by thermolysis-impulse method from a non-traditional source of raw materials – flax stalks. Research methods. Analysis of the chemical composition of flax fire, as well as the current level of its use; disclosure of the activation process and study of the porous structure of sorbents; selection of the optimal method and modes of activation of carbonaceous materials; consideration of methods of activation and study of the mechanism of this reaction; analysis of modern equipment, design and selection of equipment that is most effective in the conditions of flax plants of Ukraine; determination of energy balance of pulse installation; construction of a mathematical model of the process; drawing up a program for computer determination of regression coefficients and on the basis of performed calculations development of nomograms for graphical determination of technological process parameters; study of the influence of technological factors on the physico-chemical characteristics of the obtained activated carbon using the proposed technology and pulse installation that implements it. The results of the study. As a result of research: - developed technology and research and industrial installation for the production of activated carbon by thermolysis-impulse method from a non-traditional source of raw materials - flax stalks; - the optimal technological modes of the activation process are proposed; - the mathematical model of process is created and the nomograms for definition and the forecast of final characteristics of sorbents on input parameters of a technological mode are developed. The expected economic effect for the first year of introduction of the thermolysis-impulse type installation for processing flax stalks into sorbents reaches UAH 2030765. (in 2020 prices). The payback period of the implemented installation is 2.5 months. Conclusions. Using the research results, developed technology and research and industrial installation, it is possible to activate charcoal from flax stalks by thermolysis-impulse method and select the optimal process parameters within the specified temperature and time limits. The obtained activated carbon is applicable for absorption of relatively large molecules or microsuspensions from liquid media. On the basis of the researched materials of this work it is expedient to recommend the offered industrial technological scheme of process of thermolysis-impulse processing of a flax stalks in sorbents.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVATED CARBON PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FROM A FLAX STALKS BY A THERMOLYSIS-IMPULSE METHOD","authors":"E. Berger, I. Lilevman, O. Lilevman","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-22","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of the study is to develop a technology and research and industrial plant for the production of activated carbon by thermolysis-impulse method from a non-traditional source of raw materials – flax stalks. Research methods. Analysis of the chemical composition of flax fire, as well as the current level of its use; disclosure of the activation process and study of the porous structure of sorbents; selection of the optimal method and modes of activation of carbonaceous materials; consideration of methods of activation and study of the mechanism of this reaction; analysis of modern equipment, design and selection of equipment that is most effective in the conditions of flax plants of Ukraine; determination of energy balance of pulse installation; construction of a mathematical model of the process; drawing up a program for computer determination of regression coefficients and on the basis of performed calculations development of nomograms for graphical determination of technological process parameters; study of the influence of technological factors on the physico-chemical characteristics of the obtained activated carbon using the proposed technology and pulse installation that implements it. The results of the study. As a result of research: - developed technology and research and industrial installation for the production of activated carbon by thermolysis-impulse method from a non-traditional source of raw materials - flax stalks; - the optimal technological modes of the activation process are proposed; - the mathematical model of process is created and the nomograms for definition and the forecast of final characteristics of sorbents on input parameters of a technological mode are developed. The expected economic effect for the first year of introduction of the thermolysis-impulse type installation for processing flax stalks into sorbents reaches UAH 2030765. (in 2020 prices). The payback period of the implemented installation is 2.5 months. Conclusions. Using the research results, developed technology and research and industrial installation, it is possible to activate charcoal from flax stalks by thermolysis-impulse method and select the optimal process parameters within the specified temperature and time limits. The obtained activated carbon is applicable for absorption of relatively large molecules or microsuspensions from liquid media. On the basis of the researched materials of this work it is expedient to recommend the offered industrial technological scheme of process of thermolysis-impulse processing of a flax stalks in sorbents.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45460453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-19
V. Smolyar
The purpose of the research is – develop technological requirements for technical means for pork production on pig farms, adapted to EU standards. Research methods. During the development of technological requirements for mechanization of pork production on pig farms, adapted to EU standards, the basic regulatory documents were used: EU Directive 91/630 of 19.11.1991; EU Directive 2008/120 of 18.12.2008. Technological requirements for mechanization of pork production are formed by the following components: keeping pigs, feeding pigs, watering pigs, removing manure, creating a microclimate, veterinary services. Research results.Technological requirements for mechanization of pork production were developed for the first time in Ukraine. The design of equipment for keeping pigs must provide conditions for keeping animals close to natural. In accordance with EU regulatory requirements, free conditions for keeping animals must be ensured. The technological area of the machine per animal must be at least: 0.15 m2 for pigs with an average live weight of up to 10 kg; 0,2 m2 for pigs with an average live weight of 10 kg to 20 kg; 0,3 m2 for pigs with an average live weight of 20 kg to 30 kg; 0,4 m2 for pigs with an average live weight of 30 kg to 50 kg; 0,55 m2 for pigs with an average live weight of 50 kg to 85 kg; 0,65 m2 for pigs with an average live weight of 85 to 110 kg; 1,0 m2 for pigs with an average live weight of more than 110 kg. Dimensions of individual machines for keeping pigs: width - 60 cm, length - 170 cm, area 1,0 m2; sows - width - 65 cm, length - 190 cm, area 1,2 m2. The number of pigs in the technological group must be at least 6 heads. The minimum technological area for individual keeping of an adult boar should be 6,0-7,5 m2. The technological area of the machine for keeping the breeding boar and sow during mating must be at least 10 m2. Piglets kept near sows should be provided with a comfortable heated area. During group keeping of pigs, their simultaneous access to feed must be ensured. When creating drinking bowls for pigs, it is necessary to take into account the technological requirements regarding the need of pigs for water and its flow rate. Pigs should not be kept in conditions with high excess air temperature and high relative humidity. When creating equipment for pig breeding, it is necessary to take into account the negative impact of air currents in piggeries on animals. It is not allowed to keep pigs constantly in the dark. Conclusions. For the first time in Ukraine, technological requirements for technical means for pork production on pig farms, adapted to EU standards, have been developed, taking into account the following components: keeping, feeding, watering pigs, manure removal, creating a microclimate, veterinary services. Technological requirements will be useful in the creation and implementation of modern machinery and equipment for pig farms.
{"title":"TECHNOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MECHANIZATION PORK PRODUCTION","authors":"V. Smolyar","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-19","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is – develop technological requirements for technical means for pork production on pig farms, adapted to EU standards. Research methods. During the development of technological requirements for mechanization of pork production on pig farms, adapted to EU standards, the basic regulatory documents were used: EU Directive 91/630 of 19.11.1991; EU Directive 2008/120 of 18.12.2008. Technological requirements for mechanization of pork production are formed by the following components: keeping pigs, feeding pigs, watering pigs, removing manure, creating a microclimate, veterinary services. Research results.Technological requirements for mechanization of pork production were developed for the first time in Ukraine. The design of equipment for keeping pigs must provide conditions for keeping animals close to natural. In accordance with EU regulatory requirements, free conditions for keeping animals must be ensured. The technological area of the machine per animal must be at least: 0.15 m2 for pigs with an average live weight of up to 10 kg; 0,2 m2 for pigs with an average live weight of 10 kg to 20 kg; 0,3 m2 for pigs with an average live weight of 20 kg to 30 kg; 0,4 m2 for pigs with an average live weight of 30 kg to 50 kg; 0,55 m2 for pigs with an average live weight of 50 kg to 85 kg; 0,65 m2 for pigs with an average live weight of 85 to 110 kg; 1,0 m2 for pigs with an average live weight of more than 110 kg. Dimensions of individual machines for keeping pigs: width - 60 cm, length - 170 cm, area 1,0 m2; sows - width - 65 cm, length - 190 cm, area 1,2 m2. The number of pigs in the technological group must be at least 6 heads. The minimum technological area for individual keeping of an adult boar should be 6,0-7,5 m2. The technological area of the machine for keeping the breeding boar and sow during mating must be at least 10 m2. Piglets kept near sows should be provided with a comfortable heated area. During group keeping of pigs, their simultaneous access to feed must be ensured. When creating drinking bowls for pigs, it is necessary to take into account the technological requirements regarding the need of pigs for water and its flow rate. Pigs should not be kept in conditions with high excess air temperature and high relative humidity. When creating equipment for pig breeding, it is necessary to take into account the negative impact of air currents in piggeries on animals. It is not allowed to keep pigs constantly in the dark. Conclusions. For the first time in Ukraine, technological requirements for technical means for pork production on pig farms, adapted to EU standards, have been developed, taking into account the following components: keeping, feeding, watering pigs, manure removal, creating a microclimate, veterinary services. Technological requirements will be useful in the creation and implementation of modern machinery and equipment for pig farms.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42502202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-15
T. Panchenko, M. Grabovskiy, M. Lozinsky, M. Novokhatskyi
{"title":"CORN FOR GRAIN AN ALTERNATIVE PRECINCENT OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE CENTRAL FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE","authors":"T. Panchenko, M. Grabovskiy, M. Lozinsky, M. Novokhatskyi","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-29(43)-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41595404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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