Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-3
A. Korobko
Abstract Purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to increase the level of technical readiness of tractors based on indicators of the technical state of steering by improving the process of its diagnosis. In order to achieve the goal, it is necessary to substantiate the estimated indicators and develop a method of testing the hydrovolume steering of tractors using the method of partial accelerations. Research methods. The methodological basis of the work is the use of the method of partial accelerations. This method is based on the transition from the vector sum of forces in space to the vector sum of accelerations in space. This makes it possible to preserve the physical essence of the obtained vector equation describing the motion of the dynamic system. The method of partial accelerations, in contrast to classical methods, involves reducing the equations of dynamics to the equations of kinematics (principle of kinemodynamics). Further research is based on this principle. The results of the study. A method of testing hydraulic volumetric steering of tractors using the method of partial accelerations has been developed. The time of rotation of the tractor wheels from the extreme position to the extreme position is an indicator for diagnostics. It was established that the duration of turning the tractor wheels from the extreme position to the extreme position is correlated with the accelerations that occur in the front and rear half-frames of such a tractor. The rotation accelerations of the rear half-frame are more pronounced, compared to the accelerations of the front half-frame. This is explained by the different values of their mass index. Measurement of the indicator is possible using the method of partial accelerations. For this, measuring complexes based on accelerometers are used. Conclusion. The implementation of methods for assessing the quality of tractor steering units and the units developed according to the proposed methodology will allow for an accelerated assessment of their compliance with technical conditions and traffic safety during tests and in operation. The application of partial accelerations method makes it possible to make a conclusion about the technical condition of the elements and nodes of the hydraulic steering of the tractor without the presence of a special platform for running tests. As a diagnostic indicator, the longitudinal component of acceleration that occurs when the guide wheels turn is proposed. The labor intensity of tests using this method is reduced by 3.28 times compared to the known ones, and the consumption of working fluid is also reduced by 2.7 kg, as the operation of disassembling units is eliminated. Key words: tractor, hydraulic power steering, test, turning time, condition indicator, method.
{"title":"RESEARCH OF TESTING METHODS OF HYDRAULIC POWER STEERING OF TRACTORS","authors":"A. Korobko","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to increase the level of technical readiness of tractors based on indicators of the technical state of steering by improving the process of its diagnosis. In order to achieve the goal, it is necessary to substantiate the estimated indicators and develop a method of testing the hydrovolume steering of tractors using the method of partial accelerations. Research methods. The methodological basis of the work is the use of the method of partial accelerations. This method is based on the transition from the vector sum of forces in space to the vector sum of accelerations in space. This makes it possible to preserve the physical essence of the obtained vector equation describing the motion of the dynamic system. The method of partial accelerations, in contrast to classical methods, involves reducing the equations of dynamics to the equations of kinematics (principle of kinemodynamics). Further research is based on this principle. The results of the study. A method of testing hydraulic volumetric steering of tractors using the method of partial accelerations has been developed. The time of rotation of the tractor wheels from the extreme position to the extreme position is an indicator for diagnostics. It was established that the duration of turning the tractor wheels from the extreme position to the extreme position is correlated with the accelerations that occur in the front and rear half-frames of such a tractor. The rotation accelerations of the rear half-frame are more pronounced, compared to the accelerations of the front half-frame. This is explained by the different values of their mass index. Measurement of the indicator is possible using the method of partial accelerations. For this, measuring complexes based on accelerometers are used. Conclusion. The implementation of methods for assessing the quality of tractor steering units and the units developed according to the proposed methodology will allow for an accelerated assessment of their compliance with technical conditions and traffic safety during tests and in operation. The application of partial accelerations method makes it possible to make a conclusion about the technical condition of the elements and nodes of the hydraulic steering of the tractor without the presence of a special platform for running tests. As a diagnostic indicator, the longitudinal component of acceleration that occurs when the guide wheels turn is proposed. The labor intensity of tests using this method is reduced by 3.28 times compared to the known ones, and the consumption of working fluid is also reduced by 2.7 kg, as the operation of disassembling units is eliminated. Key words: tractor, hydraulic power steering, test, turning time, condition indicator, method.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69815773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-4
S. Lebedev, A. Korobko, A. Lebedev, M. Shulyak
Abstract Purpose of the study. The purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency of the use of secondary market tractors due to the improvement of the technological process of their input control. In order to achieve the set goal, the following tasks were solved: the methodological foundations of the incoming quality control of tractors on the secondary market were justified; the proposed algorithm of the technological process of the input quality control of the tractor on the secondary market with the determination of the main functional, ergonomic and traction-energy indicators was implemented in practice. Research methods. Materials and initial data for research became the basis of qualitative assessment of tractors, taking into account the specific features of the development of the secondary market of tractors. Research methods consisted in studying, analyzing, comparing, summarizing and evaluating data regarding the results of determining the consumer properties of tractors under their operating conditions. The results of the study. The secondary market of tractors in Ukraine is in the stage of formation, during which it is evaluated, first of all, their efficiency, which characterizes not only the ability to work (perform the necessary functions), but also to comply with regulatory and technical and design documentation. Currently, used general-purpose tractors of the «KhTZ-170», «MTZ-80» and «John Deere» series 8R tractors are sold in Ukraine, during the purchase of which their operability is predicted in the presence of damage that manifests itself in a violation of the tractor’s serviceability while preserving its operability. Based on the results of research and the experience of other countries, the need to introduce a separate legal act in Ukraine, which would regulate the requirements and procedures for assessing compliance for single samples used, as well as independently assembled is substantiated. Conclusion. An important direction of improving the technical equipment of the agricultural sector of Ukraine, as well as the loading of repair and other agricultural service enterprises, is the development and effective functioning of the secondary market of tractors and agricultural machines, which will allow speeding up and improving the quantitative and qualitative composition of the machine-tractor fleet. At the same time, one of the main elements in the system of improving the quality of agricultural machinery is the proper organization of incoming control of these products on the secondary market. The issue of commissioning (registration) of tractors purchased on the secondary market is currently not finally settled in Ukraine and requires the development of a separate legal act. Key words: tractor, consumer properties, secondary market, input control, measuring equipment, performance forecasting, and tractor registration.
{"title":"CONTROL OF CONSUMER QUALITIES IN INCOMING INSPECTION FOR TRACTORS ON THE SECONDARY MARKET OF UKRAINE","authors":"S. Lebedev, A. Korobko, A. Lebedev, M. Shulyak","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose of the study. The purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency of the use of secondary market tractors due to the improvement of the technological process of their input control. In order to achieve the set goal, the following tasks were solved: the methodological foundations of the incoming quality control of tractors on the secondary market were justified; the proposed algorithm of the technological process of the input quality control of the tractor on the secondary market with the determination of the main functional, ergonomic and traction-energy indicators was implemented in practice. Research methods. Materials and initial data for research became the basis of qualitative assessment of tractors, taking into account the specific features of the development of the secondary market of tractors. Research methods consisted in studying, analyzing, comparing, summarizing and evaluating data regarding the results of determining the consumer properties of tractors under their operating conditions. The results of the study. The secondary market of tractors in Ukraine is in the stage of formation, during which it is evaluated, first of all, their efficiency, which characterizes not only the ability to work (perform the necessary functions), but also to comply with regulatory and technical and design documentation. Currently, used general-purpose tractors of the «KhTZ-170», «MTZ-80» and «John Deere» series 8R tractors are sold in Ukraine, during the purchase of which their operability is predicted in the presence of damage that manifests itself in a violation of the tractor’s serviceability while preserving its operability. Based on the results of research and the experience of other countries, the need to introduce a separate legal act in Ukraine, which would regulate the requirements and procedures for assessing compliance for single samples used, as well as independently assembled is substantiated. Conclusion. An important direction of improving the technical equipment of the agricultural sector of Ukraine, as well as the loading of repair and other agricultural service enterprises, is the development and effective functioning of the secondary market of tractors and agricultural machines, which will allow speeding up and improving the quantitative and qualitative composition of the machine-tractor fleet. At the same time, one of the main elements in the system of improving the quality of agricultural machinery is the proper organization of incoming control of these products on the secondary market. The issue of commissioning (registration) of tractors purchased on the secondary market is currently not finally settled in Ukraine and requires the development of a separate legal act. Key words: tractor, consumer properties, secondary market, input control, measuring equipment, performance forecasting, and tractor registration.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69816595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-19
S. Khalin, M. Zanko, T. Gaidai, O. Len
Summary The purpose of the work is to research promising technical and technological solutions for energy saving and the use of alternative energy sources in grain drying technologies. Methods and materials. The obtained results are based on the operational and analytical evaluation of mine-type dryers with hybrid heat supply systems, the technological principle of their operation, grain drying processes and energy saving indicators. Results. Studies of energy saving processes in grain drying technologies have established that today the use of grain dryers with hybrid heat supply systems is relevant, subject to the introduction of advanced technical and technological solutions into their design – cross-flow air and heat recovery systems, built-in heat generator, high-performance production and heating agent consumption systems, etc. In the design of such dryers, it is possible to use all common heat sources: gas, oil, biofuel and hot water radiators, as well as direct and indirect grain heating systems. To obtain heat from biofuel, appropriate technological equipment is required, the function of which is performed by bio-heat generators and complexes based on them. Heat generator complexes of the hybrid type, which burn bio-raw materials and natural gas, to increase the productivity of heat agent formation, additionally have heat exchangers for obtaining hot air in their composition, which can work both autonomously and in tandem with gas burners, which makes it possible to significantly save on energy resources. Conclusions. Technological solutions for the use of mine-type grain dryers with hybrid heat supply systems, which are able to work on solid biofuel, which is a secondary product of agricultural and forestry production, and ensure its burning with specialized technological equipment - bioheat generators, make it possible to partially abandon the traditional energy carrier (natural gas), reduce specific fuel consumption and thus achieve energy savings in the production of heating agent. Key words: grain dryer, heat generator, solid biofuel, combustion and drying processes, heating agent, energy efficiency, grain drying.
{"title":"ENERGY SAVING IN GRAIN DRYING TECHNOLOGIES: PROSPECTIVE TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS","authors":"S. Khalin, M. Zanko, T. Gaidai, O. Len","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-19","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The purpose of the work is to research promising technical and technological solutions for energy saving and the use of alternative energy sources in grain drying technologies. Methods and materials. The obtained results are based on the operational and analytical evaluation of mine-type dryers with hybrid heat supply systems, the technological principle of their operation, grain drying processes and energy saving indicators. Results. Studies of energy saving processes in grain drying technologies have established that today the use of grain dryers with hybrid heat supply systems is relevant, subject to the introduction of advanced technical and technological solutions into their design – cross-flow air and heat recovery systems, built-in heat generator, high-performance production and heating agent consumption systems, etc. In the design of such dryers, it is possible to use all common heat sources: gas, oil, biofuel and hot water radiators, as well as direct and indirect grain heating systems. To obtain heat from biofuel, appropriate technological equipment is required, the function of which is performed by bio-heat generators and complexes based on them. Heat generator complexes of the hybrid type, which burn bio-raw materials and natural gas, to increase the productivity of heat agent formation, additionally have heat exchangers for obtaining hot air in their composition, which can work both autonomously and in tandem with gas burners, which makes it possible to significantly save on energy resources. Conclusions. Technological solutions for the use of mine-type grain dryers with hybrid heat supply systems, which are able to work on solid biofuel, which is a secondary product of agricultural and forestry production, and ensure its burning with specialized technological equipment - bioheat generators, make it possible to partially abandon the traditional energy carrier (natural gas), reduce specific fuel consumption and thus achieve energy savings in the production of heating agent. Key words: grain dryer, heat generator, solid biofuel, combustion and drying processes, heating agent, energy efficiency, grain drying.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-15
S. Khalin, V. Smolyar
Summary Purpose of the study is to analyze the requirements for the construction of modern small poultry farms for keeping poultry of various species. Research methods. Analytical studies devoted to the requirements for the construction of small poultry farms were conducted based on available scientific and informational reports by means of an analysis of the current state of this problem in European countries. Results. It was noted that during the construction of small poultry farms, it is important to comply with the requirements for the placement of poultry, depending on the available land in the farm and the dimensional characteristics of buildings for keeping poultry. Research in the conditions of a poultry farm was analyzed, with a comparison of different types of bedding materials. The main trends in the construction of small poultry farms were noted: the placement of poultry depending on the available land in the farm and the dimensional characteristics of the buildings; small hangar-type buildings for keeping poultry; mobile poultry houses; the main method of keeping poultry is floor; cascading keeping of chickens on three levels; the floor in the poultry house must be waterproof; the slatted floor can occupy only a limited area of the poultry house; use of bedding materials, including non-traditional ones; calculation of the thermal balance of the building; organic production of poultry products; landscaping of walking areas for birds. Conclusions. The analysis of the requirements for the construction of modern small poultry farms testified that in European countries with developed poultry farming there is a constant process of improving buildings for keeping poultry in order to effectively manage the industry and obtain high-quality products. The materials presented in the publication will be useful in the future for the development of design solutions for buildings for keeping poultry of various species. Key words: poultry, geese, turkeys, ducks, chickens, poultry farming.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF MODERN SMALL POULTRY FARMS","authors":"S. Khalin, V. Smolyar","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-15","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Purpose of the study is to analyze the requirements for the construction of modern small poultry farms for keeping poultry of various species. Research methods. Analytical studies devoted to the requirements for the construction of small poultry farms were conducted based on available scientific and informational reports by means of an analysis of the current state of this problem in European countries. Results. It was noted that during the construction of small poultry farms, it is important to comply with the requirements for the placement of poultry, depending on the available land in the farm and the dimensional characteristics of buildings for keeping poultry. Research in the conditions of a poultry farm was analyzed, with a comparison of different types of bedding materials. The main trends in the construction of small poultry farms were noted: the placement of poultry depending on the available land in the farm and the dimensional characteristics of the buildings; small hangar-type buildings for keeping poultry; mobile poultry houses; the main method of keeping poultry is floor; cascading keeping of chickens on three levels; the floor in the poultry house must be waterproof; the slatted floor can occupy only a limited area of the poultry house; use of bedding materials, including non-traditional ones; calculation of the thermal balance of the building; organic production of poultry products; landscaping of walking areas for birds. Conclusions. The analysis of the requirements for the construction of modern small poultry farms testified that in European countries with developed poultry farming there is a constant process of improving buildings for keeping poultry in order to effectively manage the industry and obtain high-quality products. The materials presented in the publication will be useful in the future for the development of design solutions for buildings for keeping poultry of various species. Key words: poultry, geese, turkeys, ducks, chickens, poultry farming.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69814807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-1
S. Khalin, O. Litovchenko
Summary The purpose of this work is to describe the historical path of the formation and development of the machine testing system and the creation and development of the main scientific institution of Ukraine for testing agricultural machinery and technologies – L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT. Methods: historical-scientific, dialectical-logical, bibliographic-statistical, problem-chronological, which contributed to the comprehensive analysis of the research subject based on the principles of comprehensiveness, historicism and scientific objectivity of knowledge. Results. It is known that the machine testing system performs an important scientific-technical and public-societal function, which connects agricultural production and agricultural machine building from the standpoint of accelerated testing of new machines and equipment and timely forecasting of directions for the development of competitive machinery and technologies, implementation of state and industry standards, protection environment, information and consumer protection. Today, these important functions are assigned to L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT – one of the leading state scientific and testing institutions of Ukraine, which unites the main research institute for forecasting and testing of agricultural machinery and technologies and zonal testing organizations (Lviv, South Ukrainian and Kharkiv branches) into a single scientific and testing institution. The stages of formation and development of the machine testing industry highlighted in this work include the activities of the Ukrainian Zonal Machine Testing Station (UkrMVS, 1948-1976), the All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Testing Machines and Equipment for Animal Husbandry and Fodder Production (VNDIVMOT, 1976-1991); Ukrainian Research Institute for Forecasting of Equipment and Technologies for Agricultural Production (UkrNDIPVT, since 1991), which on December 26, 2003 was named after a well-known test scientist in Ukraine and abroad, academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, doctor of technical Sciences, Professor Leonid Pogorilyy. The main areas of research and testing activities of L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT named after in the light of modern problems and tasks are presented. Keywords: machine testing, agriculture, agricultural technologies, L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT
{"title":"FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MACHINE TESTING AFFAIRS IN L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT","authors":"S. Khalin, O. Litovchenko","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-1","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The purpose of this work is to describe the historical path of the formation and development of the machine testing system and the creation and development of the main scientific institution of Ukraine for testing agricultural machinery and technologies – L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT. Methods: historical-scientific, dialectical-logical, bibliographic-statistical, problem-chronological, which contributed to the comprehensive analysis of the research subject based on the principles of comprehensiveness, historicism and scientific objectivity of knowledge. Results. It is known that the machine testing system performs an important scientific-technical and public-societal function, which connects agricultural production and agricultural machine building from the standpoint of accelerated testing of new machines and equipment and timely forecasting of directions for the development of competitive machinery and technologies, implementation of state and industry standards, protection environment, information and consumer protection. Today, these important functions are assigned to L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT – one of the leading state scientific and testing institutions of Ukraine, which unites the main research institute for forecasting and testing of agricultural machinery and technologies and zonal testing organizations (Lviv, South Ukrainian and Kharkiv branches) into a single scientific and testing institution. The stages of formation and development of the machine testing industry highlighted in this work include the activities of the Ukrainian Zonal Machine Testing Station (UkrMVS, 1948-1976), the All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Testing Machines and Equipment for Animal Husbandry and Fodder Production (VNDIVMOT, 1976-1991); Ukrainian Research Institute for Forecasting of Equipment and Technologies for Agricultural Production (UkrNDIPVT, since 1991), which on December 26, 2003 was named after a well-known test scientist in Ukraine and abroad, academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, doctor of technical Sciences, Professor Leonid Pogorilyy. The main areas of research and testing activities of L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT named after in the light of modern problems and tasks are presented. Keywords: machine testing, agriculture, agricultural technologies, L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69814346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-11
V. Lyhochvor, O. Mazurak, M. Mazurak, Y. Salo
Abstract The purpose of research. To substantiate the agrotechnical requirements for the seeder for accurate (uniform in depth and placement on the area) sowing for grain ear crops of the continuous row method of sowing. The optimal area for plant nutrition and the depth of wrapping winter wheat seeds were determined. Research methods. A field method – to determine the interaction of the object of research with the elements of technology: depth of seed wrapping and feeding area; calculated and weighted – determining the yield of winter wheat. Results. The best conditions for realizing the biological ability of winter wheat plants of the Tobak variety to form the highest grain productivity were during sowing according to the scheme of 7х7 cm and a feeding area of 49 cm2. The yield increase compared to the control (row method of sowing with 15 cm between rows) is 1.05 t/ha, or 13.1%. On the variant with a feeding area of 36 cm2 with a 6х6 cm sowing scheme, the grain yield decreased by 0.15 t/ha, compared to the 7x7 cm scheme. On these two most productive variants, the sowing rate was only 130 kg/ha and 97 kg, respectively /Ha. It is important to note that even with the maximum feeding area (10x10 cm), where only 45 kg/ha of seeds (1.0 million/ha) were sown, the yield remained high and amounted to 7.40 t/ha. In the experiment to study the depth of sowing, the highest yield of the RZHT Reform variety of winter wheat was formed on variants with a 2 cm and 3 cm depth of wrapping, respectively 8.22 t/ha and 8.30 t/ha. Deepening of the seeds by 4 cm led to a yield decreasing by 0.22 t/ha. For sowing to a 5 cm depth the yield was decreased by 0.43 t/ha. Increasing of the sowing depth to 6 cm and 7 cm significantly reduced the yield. Conclusions. The need for uniform placement of seeds on the area and depth requires the creation of a seeder with precise sowing of grain crops seeds of continuous row method of sowing. However, precision sowing has no proper biological and technological grounds. As a result of the research, the optimal parameters of the area of winter wheat plant nutrition (6x6 cm and 7x7 cm) and the depth of seed sowing (2-3 cm) were substantiated. It was concluded that the application of the appropriate technology for growing grain crops with the use of precision seed drills will allow to reduce seed sowing rates by half and increase the field productivity of grain. Key words: winter wheat, feeding area, sowing depth, precision seed drill.
{"title":"AGROBIOLOGICAL JUSTIFICATION OF PRECISION SEEDER OF CEREAL CROPS","authors":"V. Lyhochvor, O. Mazurak, M. Mazurak, Y. Salo","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of research. To substantiate the agrotechnical requirements for the seeder for accurate (uniform in depth and placement on the area) sowing for grain ear crops of the continuous row method of sowing. The optimal area for plant nutrition and the depth of wrapping winter wheat seeds were determined. Research methods. A field method – to determine the interaction of the object of research with the elements of technology: depth of seed wrapping and feeding area; calculated and weighted – determining the yield of winter wheat. Results. The best conditions for realizing the biological ability of winter wheat plants of the Tobak variety to form the highest grain productivity were during sowing according to the scheme of 7х7 cm and a feeding area of 49 cm2. The yield increase compared to the control (row method of sowing with 15 cm between rows) is 1.05 t/ha, or 13.1%. On the variant with a feeding area of 36 cm2 with a 6х6 cm sowing scheme, the grain yield decreased by 0.15 t/ha, compared to the 7x7 cm scheme. On these two most productive variants, the sowing rate was only 130 kg/ha and 97 kg, respectively /Ha. It is important to note that even with the maximum feeding area (10x10 cm), where only 45 kg/ha of seeds (1.0 million/ha) were sown, the yield remained high and amounted to 7.40 t/ha. In the experiment to study the depth of sowing, the highest yield of the RZHT Reform variety of winter wheat was formed on variants with a 2 cm and 3 cm depth of wrapping, respectively 8.22 t/ha and 8.30 t/ha. Deepening of the seeds by 4 cm led to a yield decreasing by 0.22 t/ha. For sowing to a 5 cm depth the yield was decreased by 0.43 t/ha. Increasing of the sowing depth to 6 cm and 7 cm significantly reduced the yield. Conclusions. The need for uniform placement of seeds on the area and depth requires the creation of a seeder with precise sowing of grain crops seeds of continuous row method of sowing. However, precision sowing has no proper biological and technological grounds. As a result of the research, the optimal parameters of the area of winter wheat plant nutrition (6x6 cm and 7x7 cm) and the depth of seed sowing (2-3 cm) were substantiated. It was concluded that the application of the appropriate technology for growing grain crops with the use of precision seed drills will allow to reduce seed sowing rates by half and increase the field productivity of grain. Key words: winter wheat, feeding area, sowing depth, precision seed drill.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69814546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-12
I. Prymak, Y. Fedoruk, N. Prysiazhniuk, M. Voitovyk, N. Fedoruk, O. Panchenko, L. Kozak
Summary The purpose of the research is to make a comprehensive historical-scientific analysis of the process of formation of the scientific and practical foundations of the cropping (multi-field-grass) system of agriculture, to find out the prerequisites for its emergence and to establish the patterns of development of its components. The research methods are historical-scientific, dialectical-logical, bibliographic-statistical, problem-chronological, which contributed to the comprehensive analysis of the research subject, which is based on the principles of multifactoriality, comprehensiveness, historicism and scientific objectivity of knowledge. Research results. Many years of research by scientists of the Bilotserki National University convincingly proved that the very low productivity of cattle breeding due to the constant shortage of fodder, and of low quality, and an excessively large share of steam (usually 1/3-1/2 of the entire area of arable land) under the steam farming system were the main reasons the emergence of a fallow (multi-field-grass) system of agriculture on the territory of Ukraine. In the estates of the nobles of the Black Earth belt, this system often arose from virgin or fallow land as a transitional form from primitive to interactive farming systems. Conclusion. It was noted that the yield system was gradually transformed into an improved grain crop by reducing the share of the area under perennial grasses and the growth under grain crops. The improved grain system, in turn, is transformed into a crop rotation (grain-grass rowing system) by replacing clean pairs with busy ones, as well as introducing row crops into crop rotations. Analyzing the data, it can be stated that in Ukraine, the no-till farming system was not very widespread in its pure form, but its individual components (multi-pollinated - grass, soil protection, fodder crop rotations) are successfully used even today in combination with crop rotations of other systems. V.O. is deservedly considered a pioneer of experimental field grass seeding and the creator of an improved grain system with a four-field crop rotation. Levshina, and the founders of field grass sowing on a large economic scale were D.M. Poltoratskyi and I.I.Samarin. Key words: evolution, system of farming (agriculture), crop rotation, culture, steam, tillage, soil, fertility, fertilizers.
{"title":"ON THE QUESTION OF THE HISTORY OF THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE CURVED SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE","authors":"I. Prymak, Y. Fedoruk, N. Prysiazhniuk, M. Voitovyk, N. Fedoruk, O. Panchenko, L. Kozak","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-12","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The purpose of the research is to make a comprehensive historical-scientific analysis of the process of formation of the scientific and practical foundations of the cropping (multi-field-grass) system of agriculture, to find out the prerequisites for its emergence and to establish the patterns of development of its components. The research methods are historical-scientific, dialectical-logical, bibliographic-statistical, problem-chronological, which contributed to the comprehensive analysis of the research subject, which is based on the principles of multifactoriality, comprehensiveness, historicism and scientific objectivity of knowledge. Research results. Many years of research by scientists of the Bilotserki National University convincingly proved that the very low productivity of cattle breeding due to the constant shortage of fodder, and of low quality, and an excessively large share of steam (usually 1/3-1/2 of the entire area of arable land) under the steam farming system were the main reasons the emergence of a fallow (multi-field-grass) system of agriculture on the territory of Ukraine. In the estates of the nobles of the Black Earth belt, this system often arose from virgin or fallow land as a transitional form from primitive to interactive farming systems. Conclusion. It was noted that the yield system was gradually transformed into an improved grain crop by reducing the share of the area under perennial grasses and the growth under grain crops. The improved grain system, in turn, is transformed into a crop rotation (grain-grass rowing system) by replacing clean pairs with busy ones, as well as introducing row crops into crop rotations. Analyzing the data, it can be stated that in Ukraine, the no-till farming system was not very widespread in its pure form, but its individual components (multi-pollinated - grass, soil protection, fodder crop rotations) are successfully used even today in combination with crop rotations of other systems. V.O. is deservedly considered a pioneer of experimental field grass seeding and the creator of an improved grain system with a four-field crop rotation. Levshina, and the founders of field grass sowing on a large economic scale were D.M. Poltoratskyi and I.I.Samarin. Key words: evolution, system of farming (agriculture), crop rotation, culture, steam, tillage, soil, fertility, fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69815049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-2
A. Lebedev, S. Lebedev, A. Korobko
Abstract Purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to increase the efficiency of using the tractor hitch weight in traction mode by reducing the uneven distribution of vertical reactions between the wheels. Research methods. The methodological basis of the work is the generalization and analysis of known scientific results regarding the theory of the tractor in traction mode. Analytical method and comparative analysis were used to form a scientific problem, determine the goal and set research objectives. When creating empirical models of the tractor, the main provisions of the theory of probabilities were used. The results of the study. The main provisions of the methodology for evaluating the traction properties of the tractor with the instability of the coupling weight have been formulated. The method of evaluating the vertical reactions on the wheels of the tractor is substantiated, which is based on the measurement of the vertical reaction on one of the four wheels. It has been proven that tractors with lubrication to the front or rear axles of the center of mass have the greatest probability of equal distribution of vertical reactions between the wheels of the same axle, while tractors with the center of mass in the middle between the axles have the lowest probability. It is theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed that when the tractor performs plowing work with uneven distribution of loads on the sides, its operation with maximum traction efficiency is ensured by blocking the front and rear axle drivers. Conclusion. A well-founded methodology for evaluating the influence of the position of the tractor’s center of mass on its traction properties. The issue of evaluating the influence of the tractor’s center of mass on its traction properties when aggregated with mounted, trailed and combined agricultural machines remains open. Key words: tractor, traction properties, coupling weight, center of mass, vertical reactions, driving bridges, blocking.
{"title":"METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING TRACTOR TRACTION PROPERTIES UNDER UNSTABLE COUPLING WEIGHT","authors":"A. Lebedev, S. Lebedev, A. Korobko","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to increase the efficiency of using the tractor hitch weight in traction mode by reducing the uneven distribution of vertical reactions between the wheels. Research methods. The methodological basis of the work is the generalization and analysis of known scientific results regarding the theory of the tractor in traction mode. Analytical method and comparative analysis were used to form a scientific problem, determine the goal and set research objectives. When creating empirical models of the tractor, the main provisions of the theory of probabilities were used. The results of the study. The main provisions of the methodology for evaluating the traction properties of the tractor with the instability of the coupling weight have been formulated. The method of evaluating the vertical reactions on the wheels of the tractor is substantiated, which is based on the measurement of the vertical reaction on one of the four wheels. It has been proven that tractors with lubrication to the front or rear axles of the center of mass have the greatest probability of equal distribution of vertical reactions between the wheels of the same axle, while tractors with the center of mass in the middle between the axles have the lowest probability. It is theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed that when the tractor performs plowing work with uneven distribution of loads on the sides, its operation with maximum traction efficiency is ensured by blocking the front and rear axle drivers. Conclusion. A well-founded methodology for evaluating the influence of the position of the tractor’s center of mass on its traction properties. The issue of evaluating the influence of the tractor’s center of mass on its traction properties when aggregated with mounted, trailed and combined agricultural machines remains open. Key words: tractor, traction properties, coupling weight, center of mass, vertical reactions, driving bridges, blocking.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69816049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-9
M. Novokhatskyi, N. Maidanovych, O. Litovchenko
Summary The purpose of this work is to highlight the range of scientific and industrial projects implemented in L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT during the last years, and promising directions of the institution’s activities. Methods and materials: a comprehensive analysis of the available results of project solutions implemented in UkrNDIPVT and scientific publications in the direction of this research. Results. In recent years, in the experimental fields of UkrNDIPVT named after L. Pogorily implemented a number of projects related to the implementation of promising technical and technological solutions for the implementation of various tillage systems and their impact on the efficiency of growing the main agricultural crops, the implementation of new methods of forecasting the yield of agricultural crops, optimization of technologies for growing perennial energy crops, etc. In particular, the following projects were implemented: “AgroOlymp” - the latest technical and technological solutions for a differentiated system of soil cultivation and sowing when growing grain crops; “Agroperspective” is a complex multivariate test of the productivity of new varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops typical for the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in real production conditions of a demonstration crop rotation; “MARS” – monitoring of agro-resource systems and forecasting of the productivity of the main agricultural crops using the data of remote sensing of the Earth; “Biotechnology” - greening of technologies, extended reproduction of soil fertility, increase in the economic efficiency of growing agricultural crops; “Strip-till” - development of technical and technological solutions for strip tillage and sowing for small and medium-sized farms; “Bioenergy Conveyor” - development and optimization of technologies for growing perennial energy crops, which ensure obtaining the maximum amount of raw materials for the production of thermal energy from a unit of area. In addition to active scientific work, UkrNDIPVT named after L. Pohoriloy also works in the field of testing and ranking of technical means for the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine and helps manufacturers of agricultural machinery overcome the path of promotion to European markets Conclusions. Analysis of the implemented in UkrNDIPVT named after L. Pogorily of project solutions certifies that the institution’s active research and testing activities have quite fruitful results and broad prospects for the implementation of scientific and industrial ideas in the agricultural direction.
{"title":"PROJECTS IMPLEMENTED IN L. POGORILYY UkrNDIPVT","authors":"M. Novokhatskyi, N. Maidanovych, O. Litovchenko","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-9","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The purpose of this work is to highlight the range of scientific and industrial projects implemented in L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT during the last years, and promising directions of the institution’s activities. Methods and materials: a comprehensive analysis of the available results of project solutions implemented in UkrNDIPVT and scientific publications in the direction of this research. Results. In recent years, in the experimental fields of UkrNDIPVT named after L. Pogorily implemented a number of projects related to the implementation of promising technical and technological solutions for the implementation of various tillage systems and their impact on the efficiency of growing the main agricultural crops, the implementation of new methods of forecasting the yield of agricultural crops, optimization of technologies for growing perennial energy crops, etc. In particular, the following projects were implemented: “AgroOlymp” - the latest technical and technological solutions for a differentiated system of soil cultivation and sowing when growing grain crops; “Agroperspective” is a complex multivariate test of the productivity of new varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops typical for the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in real production conditions of a demonstration crop rotation; “MARS” – monitoring of agro-resource systems and forecasting of the productivity of the main agricultural crops using the data of remote sensing of the Earth; “Biotechnology” - greening of technologies, extended reproduction of soil fertility, increase in the economic efficiency of growing agricultural crops; “Strip-till” - development of technical and technological solutions for strip tillage and sowing for small and medium-sized farms; “Bioenergy Conveyor” - development and optimization of technologies for growing perennial energy crops, which ensure obtaining the maximum amount of raw materials for the production of thermal energy from a unit of area. In addition to active scientific work, UkrNDIPVT named after L. Pohoriloy also works in the field of testing and ranking of technical means for the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine and helps manufacturers of agricultural machinery overcome the path of promotion to European markets Conclusions. Analysis of the implemented in UkrNDIPVT named after L. Pogorily of project solutions certifies that the institution’s active research and testing activities have quite fruitful results and broad prospects for the implementation of scientific and industrial ideas in the agricultural direction.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69817027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2022-1-30(44)-22
A. Pravdyva
The article presents the results of research on the influence of seed sowing dates on the energy productivity of grain sorghum and sorghum. Goal. Investigate the influence of seed sowing dates on the energy productivity of grain sorghum and varieties of Dniprovsky 39 and Samaran 6 varieties in the conditions of the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The field method was used in the study, which includes the study of biological and ecological features of growth and development, productivity and quality of the studied crop; laboratory method used to study the relationship between plant and environment; mathematical and statistical methods included the processing of experimental data to increase the validity of conclusions. Results. High yields of sorghum grain and biomass were obtained during sowing of seeds in the first decade of May (second sowing period), when the soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm was 12-14 оС. In grain sorghum of Dniprovskyi 39 and Samaran 6, grain yield was 7.1 and 6.4 t/ha, biomass – 37.4 and 35.9 t/ha. The highest yield of bioethanol and solid fuel was obtained in the same variant of the experiment. The highest energy yield was obtained for sowing seeds in the first decade of May and was equal to 199.3 GJ/ha in the variety Dniprovsky 39 and 187.9 GJ/ha in the variety Samaran 6. About 71.0-72.0 % are concentrated in solid fuel (140,8 and 135.2 GJ/ha) of this energy and in bioethanol only 28-29 % (51.1 and 52.7 GJ/ha). Conclusions. It was studied that the grain yield and biomass of sorghum and sorghum mostly depend on the terms of sowing seeds – 29.2 %, the degree of influence of varieties was much lower and amounted to 8.1%. It is established that in comparison with the optimal sowing dates – the first and second decades of May, sowing seeds in the third decade of April (I sowing period) reduces grain yield by 4.2-12.6 % in the variety Dniprovsky 39 and 4.7-9,4 % in the variety Samaran 6; aboveground mass by 4.8-9.6 % and 6.4-10.6 %, respectively. Correlation-regression analysis of the data shows a close relationship between yield and biofuel yield. The correlation coefficient was R = 1, the coefficient of determination R2 = 1. There is also a strong correlation between yield and energy yield where R = 1, the coefficient of determination R2 = 1. Key words: varieties, yield, yield of biethanol and solid fuel, energy yield.
{"title":"ENERGY PRODUCTIVITY OF SORGO GRAIN AND SORIZE DEPENDING ON THE TIME OF SOWING SEEDS","authors":"A. Pravdyva","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2022-1-30(44)-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2022-1-30(44)-22","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of research on the influence of seed sowing dates on the energy productivity of grain sorghum and sorghum. Goal. Investigate the influence of seed sowing dates on the energy productivity of grain sorghum and varieties of Dniprovsky 39 and Samaran 6 varieties in the conditions of the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The field method was used in the study, which includes the study of biological and ecological features of growth and development, productivity and quality of the studied crop; laboratory method used to study the relationship between plant and environment; mathematical and statistical methods included the processing of experimental data to increase the validity of conclusions. Results. High yields of sorghum grain and biomass were obtained during sowing of seeds in the first decade of May (second sowing period), when the soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm was 12-14 оС. In grain sorghum of Dniprovskyi 39 and Samaran 6, grain yield was 7.1 and 6.4 t/ha, biomass – 37.4 and 35.9 t/ha. The highest yield of bioethanol and solid fuel was obtained in the same variant of the experiment. The highest energy yield was obtained for sowing seeds in the first decade of May and was equal to 199.3 GJ/ha in the variety Dniprovsky 39 and 187.9 GJ/ha in the variety Samaran 6. About 71.0-72.0 % are concentrated in solid fuel (140,8 and 135.2 GJ/ha) of this energy and in bioethanol only 28-29 % (51.1 and 52.7 GJ/ha). Conclusions. It was studied that the grain yield and biomass of sorghum and sorghum mostly depend on the terms of sowing seeds – 29.2 %, the degree of influence of varieties was much lower and amounted to 8.1%. It is established that in comparison with the optimal sowing dates – the first and second decades of May, sowing seeds in the third decade of April (I sowing period) reduces grain yield by 4.2-12.6 % in the variety Dniprovsky 39 and 4.7-9,4 % in the variety Samaran 6; aboveground mass by 4.8-9.6 % and 6.4-10.6 %, respectively. Correlation-regression analysis of the data shows a close relationship between yield and biofuel yield. The correlation coefficient was R = 1, the coefficient of determination R2 = 1. There is also a strong correlation between yield and energy yield where R = 1, the coefficient of determination R2 = 1. Key words: varieties, yield, yield of biethanol and solid fuel, energy yield.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42504427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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