Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-19
L. Shustik, N. Nilova, T. Gaidai, S. Stepchenko, S. Sidorenko
The purpose of the research is to investigate the quality of spring-finger harrow surface tillage to provoke the germination of carrion depending on the angle of the fingers. Research methods: theoretical – analysis of information resources and research results of spring harrows; laboratory-field – economic tests of the machine with planning of experiment, fixing of agrotechnical indicators; instrumental measurements; mathematical and statistical – processing of the obtained indicators and expert evaluation. Results. Experimental field studies of the quality of surface tillage with a spring-finger harrow were carried out in order to provoke the emergence of winter rapeseed. It was found that the harrow loosens and mulches the top layer of soil well, creating optimal conditions for the germination of weeds and weed seeds. The importance of the agrotechnical measure of field litter management and prospects for the use of spring-finger harrows in the system of soil-protective agriculture is analytically substantiated. Conclusions. The physical parameters obtained as a result of researches of a spring-finger harrow testify that at speed about 20 km / h with increase of an angle of inclination of spring fingers depth of their course increases in 1,6 times from 7,2 cm to 11,3 cm that corresponds to agricultural requirements to spring harrows (4-12 cm). The quality of soil crushing in terms of agronomically valuable aggregates up to 0-25 mm in size increases with satisfactory to excellent values with increasing angle of inclination of the fingers. The results of experimental studies show that the heavy spring-finger harrow Degelman Strawmaster SM 7000-50, in the presence of freshly cut rapeseed stubble of large size and clumps of chaff, provides satisfactory tillage, promoting the germination of rapeseed seeds and improving phytosanitary conditions for future field operations.
本研究的目的是研究春指耙表层耕作的质量,以根据手指的角度激发腐肉的发芽。研究方法:理论分析——春耙信息资源和研究成果;实验室场地——机器的经济测试,包括实验计划、农业技术指标的确定;仪器测量;数学和统计——对所获得的指标进行处理,并进行专家评估。后果为了促进冬油菜的出苗,进行了春指耙露地耕作质量的田间试验研究。研究发现,耙能很好地疏松和覆盖表层土壤,为杂草和杂草种子的发芽创造了最佳条件。分析证实了田间垃圾管理的农业技术措施的重要性以及在土壤保护农业系统中使用春指耙的前景。结论。通过对弹簧耙的研究获得的物理参数证明,在速度约20km/h时,随着弹簧耙倾角的增加,其行程深度从7,2cm增加到11,3cm,增加了1.6倍,这与农业对弹簧耙(4-12cm)的要求相对应。土壤破碎的质量,就尺寸达0-25 mm的具有农业价值的骨料而言,随着手指倾斜角度的增加,以令人满意的至极好的值增加。试验研究结果表明,Degelman Strawmaster SM 7000-50重型春指耙在新切的大面积油菜残茬和谷壳丛生的情况下,提供了令人满意的耕作效果,促进了油菜种子的发芽,并为未来的田间作业改善了植物检疫条件。
{"title":"Provoking the germination of fallen seeds with spring-finger harrows - an important agronomic method of agrophytocenosis weed control","authors":"L. Shustik, N. Nilova, T. Gaidai, S. Stepchenko, S. Sidorenko","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-19","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to investigate the quality of spring-finger harrow surface tillage to provoke the germination of carrion depending on the angle of the fingers. Research methods: theoretical – analysis of information resources and research results of spring harrows; laboratory-field – economic tests of the machine with planning of experiment, fixing of agrotechnical indicators; instrumental measurements; mathematical and statistical – processing of the obtained indicators and expert evaluation. Results. Experimental field studies of the quality of surface tillage with a spring-finger harrow were carried out in order to provoke the emergence of winter rapeseed. It was found that the harrow loosens and mulches the top layer of soil well, creating optimal conditions for the germination of weeds and weed seeds. The importance of the agrotechnical measure of field litter management and prospects for the use of spring-finger harrows in the system of soil-protective agriculture is analytically substantiated. Conclusions. The physical parameters obtained as a result of researches of a spring-finger harrow testify that at speed about 20 km / h with increase of an angle of inclination of spring fingers depth of their course increases in 1,6 times from 7,2 cm to 11,3 cm that corresponds to agricultural requirements to spring harrows (4-12 cm). The quality of soil crushing in terms of agronomically valuable aggregates up to 0-25 mm in size increases with satisfactory to excellent values with increasing angle of inclination of the fingers. The results of experimental studies show that the heavy spring-finger harrow Degelman Strawmaster SM 7000-50, in the presence of freshly cut rapeseed stubble of large size and clumps of chaff, provides satisfactory tillage, promoting the germination of rapeseed seeds and improving phytosanitary conditions for future field operations.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47767128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-22
T. Babynets, Y. Tyutyunnik
The purpose of the work - to conduct a study of economic efficiency developed in L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT design solutions for family dairy and fattening farms of cattle and sheep farms of different sizes, adapted to EU requirements. Research methods. During the analytical research, an economic evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed design solutions of dairy and fattening farms of cattle, as well as sheep farms of different sizes was made. Investments in the creation of livestock facilities were determined by the following components: construction of farms, acquisition of machinery and technological equipment, the cost of purchasing livestock. The estimate for the construction and technical equipment of the farms included the costs of construction materials, machinery, equipment, construction and installation work. The calculated method was determined by the cost of funds per animal place and the output of gross output, taking into account the planned productivity. The need for land for the operation of farms was calculated according to the needs of animals in feed for the production of planned livestock products. Calculations of profitability of production and payback period for the creation of livestock facilities were carried out according to generally accepted methods of determining economic efficiency. Research results. According to the results of research on the economic efficiency of projects of livestock facilities, developed in L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT and adapted to EU requirements, the following expected indicators were obtained. To create dairy farms for 10, 15 and 25 cows with young livestock, respectively: the need for total investments is 1535.89 thousand UAH, 2038.78 and 2964.20 thousand UAH; expenditures per animal - UAH 76 thousand, UAH 68 thousand and UAH 59 thousand; the need for land for the operation of farms - 16 hectares, 24 and 40 hectares; the level of profitability of farms, provided that the planned productivity is reached, will be 60, 64 and 61%; payback period -5.2; 4.4 and 4.0 years, respectively. In order to create family farms for fattening young cattle, respectively, by 25, 50, 100 heads: the need for total investment is 489.3 thousand UAH, 764.1 and 1253.0 thousand UAH; expenditures per animal - UAH 19.5 thousand, UAH 15.3 and 19.5 thousand; the need for land for the operation of farms - 10, 20 and 40 hectares; level of profitability - 40%; the payback period for the creation of such farms is 5, 4.5 and 4 years, respectively. To create family sheep farms for 25, 50, 100 heads of fattening and 100 heads of dairy sheep farms, respectively: the need for total investments is UAH 252.20 thousand, UAH 357.81 thousand, UAH 568.39 and 76.47 thousand; expenditures per animal - UAH 10.20 thousand, UAH 7.10 thousand, UAH 5.60 and 10.20 thousand; the need for land for the operation of farms - 3.1, 6.2, 12.3 and 13.8 hectares; level of profitability - 25%; payback period for the creation of farms - 5, 4,5, 4 and 4 year
{"title":"ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF DESIGN SOLUTIONS OF LIVESTOCK FARMS","authors":"T. Babynets, Y. Tyutyunnik","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-22","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work - to conduct a study of economic efficiency developed in L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT design solutions for family dairy and fattening farms of cattle and sheep farms of different sizes, adapted to EU requirements. Research methods. During the analytical research, an economic evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed design solutions of dairy and fattening farms of cattle, as well as sheep farms of different sizes was made. Investments in the creation of livestock facilities were determined by the following components: construction of farms, acquisition of machinery and technological equipment, the cost of purchasing livestock. The estimate for the construction and technical equipment of the farms included the costs of construction materials, machinery, equipment, construction and installation work. The calculated method was determined by the cost of funds per animal place and the output of gross output, taking into account the planned productivity. The need for land for the operation of farms was calculated according to the needs of animals in feed for the production of planned livestock products. Calculations of profitability of production and payback period for the creation of livestock facilities were carried out according to generally accepted methods of determining economic efficiency. Research results. According to the results of research on the economic efficiency of projects of livestock facilities, developed in L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT and adapted to EU requirements, the following expected indicators were obtained. To create dairy farms for 10, 15 and 25 cows with young livestock, respectively: the need for total investments is 1535.89 thousand UAH, 2038.78 and 2964.20 thousand UAH; expenditures per animal - UAH 76 thousand, UAH 68 thousand and UAH 59 thousand; the need for land for the operation of farms - 16 hectares, 24 and 40 hectares; the level of profitability of farms, provided that the planned productivity is reached, will be 60, 64 and 61%; payback period -5.2; 4.4 and 4.0 years, respectively. In order to create family farms for fattening young cattle, respectively, by 25, 50, 100 heads: the need for total investment is 489.3 thousand UAH, 764.1 and 1253.0 thousand UAH; expenditures per animal - UAH 19.5 thousand, UAH 15.3 and 19.5 thousand; the need for land for the operation of farms - 10, 20 and 40 hectares; level of profitability - 40%; the payback period for the creation of such farms is 5, 4.5 and 4 years, respectively. To create family sheep farms for 25, 50, 100 heads of fattening and 100 heads of dairy sheep farms, respectively: the need for total investments is UAH 252.20 thousand, UAH 357.81 thousand, UAH 568.39 and 76.47 thousand; expenditures per animal - UAH 10.20 thousand, UAH 7.10 thousand, UAH 5.60 and 10.20 thousand; the need for land for the operation of farms - 3.1, 6.2, 12.3 and 13.8 hectares; level of profitability - 25%; payback period for the creation of farms - 5, 4,5, 4 and 4 year","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45098469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-23
R. Vozhegova, N. M. Galchenko, D. Kotelnikov, V. M. Мaliarchuk
The article reflects the results of research on the study of crop rotation productivity and energy efficiency components of crop rotation technology in terms of depending on different methods and depth of basic tillage. The purpose of the research was to determine the impact of basic tillage and fertilization on crop rotation productivity indicators and indicators of economic efficiency of crop rotation technology in irrigated conditions in the south of Ukraine. Methods: the field, in-gravimetric, visual, laboratory, calculation-comparative, mathematically-statistical and confessedly in Ukraine methods and methodical recommendations. The research was conducted during 2016-2019 in the research fields of the Askanian SARS IIA NAAS of Ukraine. Results. The use of differentiated and shallow single-depth system of basic tillage to the same productivity indicators at the level of 8.21 and 8.22 t.o.o./ha of products. However, the use of shallow tillage with different depths increased the productivity to 8.49 tons of water/ha, or 3.3%, and with no-till the lowest productivity was obtained 7.15 tons of water/ha. At the same time, the organo-mineral system of fertilizer N90P40 + green manure + crop residues yielded at the level of 7.61 tons per hectare. The improvement of nitrogen nutrition of crop rotations to N105P40 + green manure to get her with the earning of crop residues increased this figure to 8.06 ton so.o./ha, or 5.9% more than the control. At the same time, the maximum productivity indicators of 8.52 tons per hectare were obtained for the N120P40 system + green manure + post-harvest residues, which is actually 12% more than in the control. The reduction of total energy consumption was obtained with a shallow single-depth system of main cultivation of 26.45 GJ/ha, and the lowest values of 25.27 GJ/ha were obtained with no-till, which is 6.8% less than in the control. Application of organo-mineral fertilizer system N90P40 + green manure + post harvest residues formed costs at the level of 24.94 GJ/ha, increase of nitrogen nutrition of crop rotations to N105P40 + green manure with post harvest residues increased costs to 26.35 GJ/ha, and the highest costs 26.37 GJ/ha was obtained in the variant N120P40 + green manure, where the figures were higher by 11.5% compared to the control. Almost the same energy yield was obtained for differentiated and single-depth shallow tillage systems 127.33 and 127.64 GJha, respectively. The application of the system of multi-depth tillage increased the yield to 133.24 GJ/ha. Conclusion. The calculation of energy efficiency testifies that growing of agricultural cultures at bringing of N120Р40 + green manure + post-harvest residues in the system of the plowless on different depth is most expedient and justified from the power point of view. Technology of growing, which is based on these agrotechnology measures provides the receipt of maximal energy coefficient at the level of 4,96
{"title":"Energy efficiency of technology of cultivation of agricultural crops on the irrigated lands of the South of Ukraine","authors":"R. Vozhegova, N. M. Galchenko, D. Kotelnikov, V. M. Мaliarchuk","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-23","url":null,"abstract":"The article reflects the results of research on the study of crop rotation productivity and energy efficiency components of crop rotation technology in terms of depending on different methods and depth of basic tillage. The purpose of the research was to determine the impact of basic tillage and fertilization on crop rotation productivity indicators and indicators of economic efficiency of crop rotation technology in irrigated conditions in the south of Ukraine. Methods: the field, in-gravimetric, visual, laboratory, calculation-comparative, mathematically-statistical and confessedly in Ukraine methods and methodical recommendations. The research was conducted during 2016-2019 in the research fields of the Askanian SARS IIA NAAS of Ukraine. Results. The use of differentiated and shallow single-depth system of basic tillage to the same productivity indicators at the level of 8.21 and 8.22 t.o.o./ha of products. However, the use of shallow tillage with different depths increased the productivity to 8.49 tons of water/ha, or 3.3%, and with no-till the lowest productivity was obtained 7.15 tons of water/ha. At the same time, the organo-mineral system of fertilizer N90P40 + green manure + crop residues yielded at the level of 7.61 tons per hectare. The improvement of nitrogen nutrition of crop rotations to N105P40 + green manure to get her with the earning of crop residues increased this figure to 8.06 ton so.o./ha, or 5.9% more than the control. At the same time, the maximum productivity indicators of 8.52 tons per hectare were obtained for the N120P40 system + green manure + post-harvest residues, which is actually 12% more than in the control. The reduction of total energy consumption was obtained with a shallow single-depth system of main cultivation of 26.45 GJ/ha, and the lowest values of 25.27 GJ/ha were obtained with no-till, which is 6.8% less than in the control. Application of organo-mineral fertilizer system N90P40 + green manure + post harvest residues formed costs at the level of 24.94 GJ/ha, increase of nitrogen nutrition of crop rotations to N105P40 + green manure with post harvest residues increased costs to 26.35 GJ/ha, and the highest costs 26.37 GJ/ha was obtained in the variant N120P40 + green manure, where the figures were higher by 11.5% compared to the control. Almost the same energy yield was obtained for differentiated and single-depth shallow tillage systems 127.33 and 127.64 GJha, respectively. The application of the system of multi-depth tillage increased the yield to 133.24 GJ/ha. Conclusion. The calculation of energy efficiency testifies that growing of agricultural cultures at bringing of N120Р40 + green manure + post-harvest residues in the system of the plowless on different depth is most expedient and justified from the power point of view. Technology of growing, which is based on these agrotechnology measures provides the receipt of maximal energy coefficient at the level of 4,96","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49404395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-18
A. Pravdyva, Y. Fedoruk
The article presents the results of studies of the influence of elements of cultivation technology on the yield of grain sorghum. Purpose. To investigate the influence of row spacing and plant density of sorghum plants of grain varieties Dnіprovsky 39 and Vіnets on the formation of indicators of the structure of crop yields in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods.Field, laboratory, comparative, analysis, generalizing, mathematical and statistical. Results. It has been proven that the best results in the formation of elements of the structure of the yield of grain sorghum were obtained when sowing seeds with a row spacing of 45 cm and a density of 150-200 thousand pieces/ha. With this sowing method, the panicle length was the largest and was equal to 28.5 – 29.9 cm in the Dniprovsky 39 variety and 28.3 – 28.2 cm in the Vinets variety, the panicle weight was 51.5 – 55.1 g in the Dniprovsky variety 39 and 54.8 – 55.4 g for the Vinets variety. The number of seeds in a panicle and their weight, depending on the increase in plant density from 150 to 250 thousand pieces/ha, decreased and the variety Dniprovsky 39 was from 1623 to 1592 pieces/panicle, and the grain weight per panicle was from 44.3 to 47.1 g. In the Vinets variety, the number of seeds decreased from 1536 to 1512 pieces/panicle, and their weight from 49.3 to 47.7 g. However, the weight of 1000 seeds was the highest at a plant density of 200 thousand pieces/ha and a row spacing of 45 cm and is equal to 31.2 g for the Dniprovsky 39 variety and 27.8 g for the Vinets variety. The grain yield in the same variant of the experiment is the highest and is 7.4 t/ha for the Dniprovskiy 39 variety and 5.1 t/ha for the Vinets variety. It should be noted that a decrease in the row spacing to 15 cm and an increase to 70 cm led to a decrease in these indicators. Conclusions. It has been established that the best formation of the elements of the yield structure of grain sorghum is observed when sowing seeds with a row spacing of 45 cm and a plant density of 200 thousand units/ha, which we recommend for growing this crop in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
{"title":"FORMATION OF STRUCTURAL INDICATORS OF GRAIN SORGHUM YIELD DEPENDING ON THE METHOD OF SOWING SEEDS AND PLANT DENSITY IN THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE","authors":"A. Pravdyva, Y. Fedoruk","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-18","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of studies of the influence of elements of cultivation technology on the yield of grain sorghum. Purpose. To investigate the influence of row spacing and plant density of sorghum plants of grain varieties Dnіprovsky 39 and Vіnets on the formation of indicators of the structure of crop yields in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods.Field, laboratory, comparative, analysis, generalizing, mathematical and statistical. Results. It has been proven that the best results in the formation of elements of the structure of the yield of grain sorghum were obtained when sowing seeds with a row spacing of 45 cm and a density of 150-200 thousand pieces/ha. With this sowing method, the panicle length was the largest and was equal to 28.5 – 29.9 cm in the Dniprovsky 39 variety and 28.3 – 28.2 cm in the Vinets variety, the panicle weight was 51.5 – 55.1 g in the Dniprovsky variety 39 and 54.8 – 55.4 g for the Vinets variety. The number of seeds in a panicle and their weight, depending on the increase in plant density from 150 to 250 thousand pieces/ha, decreased and the variety Dniprovsky 39 was from 1623 to 1592 pieces/panicle, and the grain weight per panicle was from 44.3 to 47.1 g. In the Vinets variety, the number of seeds decreased from 1536 to 1512 pieces/panicle, and their weight from 49.3 to 47.7 g. However, the weight of 1000 seeds was the highest at a plant density of 200 thousand pieces/ha and a row spacing of 45 cm and is equal to 31.2 g for the Dniprovsky 39 variety and 27.8 g for the Vinets variety. The grain yield in the same variant of the experiment is the highest and is 7.4 t/ha for the Dniprovskiy 39 variety and 5.1 t/ha for the Vinets variety. It should be noted that a decrease in the row spacing to 15 cm and an increase to 70 cm led to a decrease in these indicators. Conclusions. It has been established that the best formation of the elements of the yield structure of grain sorghum is observed when sowing seeds with a row spacing of 45 cm and a plant density of 200 thousand units/ha, which we recommend for growing this crop in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46526486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-21
V. Voinovsky, O. Ponomarenko
The goal of researchis todetermine the efficiency of application of urea-ammonia mixture (UAM) on winter wheat in the steppe zone with injection feeder using Cultan technology compared to the use of traditional spraying technology. Research methods: experimental-field, computational, statistical. Results. To assess the yield of winter wheat, experiments were set up in three plots. In the first plotUAMwas applied with MaxiMarinIP 1230 injection feeder. In the second plotUAMwas applied with a mounted beam sprayer. In the third plotUAMwas not applied. The yield was harvested on each plot separately. An objective assessment can be made taking into account such indicators as quantity (c / ha) and grain quality. The cost of grown grain of winter wheat with the introduction of UAMby spraying was 27560 UAH, of which the cost of UAM, taking into account the cost of processing the site - 520 UAH. The cost of grown winter wheat grain with the introduction of UAMby injection feeder MaxiMarinIP 1230 using Cultan technology was UAH 23,850, of which the cost of UAM, taking into account the cost of processing the site - UAH 520. Therefore, we found that the application of UAMby injection feeder MaxiMarin IP 1230 using Cultan technology is more effective than the application by spraying. The percentage was 15.5%. Conclusions. The use of Cultan fertilizer application technology with the use of MaxiMarinIP injection feeder increases the efficiency of winter wheat yield by 15.5%. Among the advantages are the following: - high efficiency of application in any climatic zones; - uniform application and accurate dosing of the area distribution; - fast penetration into the soil without the need for wrapping; - duration of action and quality of food; - there is no risk of burns to the leaves of plants; - disclosure of the full potential of the plant; - cost optimization and higher profitability; - there is no need to plan the application of CAS and other fertilizers depending on weather conditions, as the application is directly into the soil. Due to the active development of Cultan technology in the world and the significant demand for it from consumers, including domestic ones, it is advisable to conduct further research to study its impact on the efficiency of growing other crops.
研究的目的是比较采用Cultan技术的注射给料机在草原地区冬小麦上施用尿素-氨混合物(UAM)与使用传统喷洒技术的效率。研究方法:实验、计算、统计。结果。为评价冬小麦产量,在3个小区进行了试验。在第一个实验中,使用MaxiMarinIP 1230注射给药器。在第二个图中,使用了安装的光束喷雾器。在第三个阴谋中,没有应用am。每一块地的收成是分开的。可以综合考虑数量(c / ha)和粮食质量等指标进行客观评价。采用UAM喷施的冬小麦成粒成本为27560 UAH,其中UAM成本(考虑现场处理成本)为- 520 UAH。采用Cultan技术的UAMby注射给料机MaxiMarinIP 1230种植冬小麦的成本为23,850澳元,其中UAM的成本为520澳元,考虑到现场处理成本。因此,我们发现使用Cultan技术的UAMby注射给料器MaxiMarin IP 1230比使用喷雾更有效。该比例为15.5%。结论。采用Cultan施肥技术配合MaxiMarinIP注浆给料机,冬小麦增产效率提高15.5%。其优点如下:-在任何气候带都能高效应用;-涂敷均匀,加药区域分布准确;-快速渗入土壤,无需包裹;-食品的作用时间和质量;-植物的叶子没有烧伤的危险;-披露工厂的全部潜力;-成本优化和更高的盈利能力;-无需根据天气情况计划施用CAS和其他肥料,因为施用直接进入土壤。由于Cultan技术在世界范围内的积极发展以及包括国内消费者对其的巨大需求,建议进行进一步的研究,以研究其对种植其他作物效率的影响。
{"title":"The Effectiveness of the Cultan Fertilizers Application Technology","authors":"V. Voinovsky, O. Ponomarenko","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-21","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of researchis todetermine the efficiency of application of urea-ammonia mixture (UAM) on winter wheat in the steppe zone with injection feeder using Cultan technology compared to the use of traditional spraying technology. Research methods: experimental-field, computational, statistical. Results. To assess the yield of winter wheat, experiments were set up in three plots. In the first plotUAMwas applied with MaxiMarinIP 1230 injection feeder. In the second plotUAMwas applied with a mounted beam sprayer. In the third plotUAMwas not applied. The yield was harvested on each plot separately. An objective assessment can be made taking into account such indicators as quantity (c / ha) and grain quality. The cost of grown grain of winter wheat with the introduction of UAMby spraying was 27560 UAH, of which the cost of UAM, taking into account the cost of processing the site - 520 UAH. The cost of grown winter wheat grain with the introduction of UAMby injection feeder MaxiMarinIP 1230 using Cultan technology was UAH 23,850, of which the cost of UAM, taking into account the cost of processing the site - UAH 520. Therefore, we found that the application of UAMby injection feeder MaxiMarin IP 1230 using Cultan technology is more effective than the application by spraying. The percentage was 15.5%. Conclusions. The use of Cultan fertilizer application technology with the use of MaxiMarinIP injection feeder increases the efficiency of winter wheat yield by 15.5%. Among the advantages are the following: - high efficiency of application in any climatic zones; - uniform application and accurate dosing of the area distribution; - fast penetration into the soil without the need for wrapping; - duration of action and quality of food; - there is no risk of burns to the leaves of plants; - disclosure of the full potential of the plant; - cost optimization and higher profitability; - there is no need to plan the application of CAS and other fertilizers depending on weather conditions, as the application is directly into the soil. Due to the active development of Cultan technology in the world and the significant demand for it from consumers, including domestic ones, it is advisable to conduct further research to study its impact on the efficiency of growing other crops.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47911438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-17
V. M. Мaliarchuk, A. Migalev, V. V. Sidorenko, E. Fedorchuk
Authors as a result of researches got informative, statistical and experimental data which allowed to ground and form initial requirements on the machine technological operations of irrigation. Purpose of researches – to conduct the analysis of practice of application of multi-supporting sprinkling-machines which are used in technologies of the irrigated agriculture, define the high-quality indexes of implementation of technological process and construction features for forming of requirements on the technical and technological operations of irrigation. Methods of researches: empiric, measuring, theoretical, mathematical and statistical, analysis of existent normative base. Results of researches. In the process of researches prospects, problems and terms of application of multi-supporting sprinkling-machines, are analyzed, the modern state and tendencies of improvement of these machines are considered. The brought classification over and structural signs of sprinkling-machines, basic charts and methods of irrigation, the review of constructions of sprinkling machines and technological features of their application, certain high-quality and operating-technological indexes of work of machines, are given. An operating in Ukraine normative base is analyzed in relation to requirements to the broad-cut sprinkling-machines at their application in the technique and technology operations of irrigation. It is educed as a result of analysis, that an investigational normative base touches mainly requirements to the construction of sprinkling machines and their separate component parts, methods of tests and requirements of safety. General initial requirements on technical and technological operations of irrigation, which touch quality of implementation of technological process, operating-technological and ecological requirements, requirements to reliability of and other absent. On the basis of the conducted researches and tests, experimental and informative data, which were taken as base, certain and initial requirements are reasonable on the technique and technology operations of irrigation at the use of broad-cut multisupporting sprinkling-machines, were got. Conclusions: the necessity of application of sprinkling-machines is set taking into account ecological requirements and the basic rules of their use are certain with the purpose of warning of erosive processes of soils .initial requirements are Certain and reasonable on the technical and technological operations of irrigation at the use of broad-cut multi-supporting sprinkling machines.
{"title":"Research of technical and technological operations of irrigation and development of initial requirements to the technical means of their realization","authors":"V. M. Мaliarchuk, A. Migalev, V. V. Sidorenko, E. Fedorchuk","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-17","url":null,"abstract":"Authors as a result of researches got informative, statistical and experimental data which allowed to ground and form initial requirements on the machine technological operations of irrigation. Purpose of researches – to conduct the analysis of practice of application of multi-supporting sprinkling-machines which are used in technologies of the irrigated agriculture, define the high-quality indexes of implementation of technological process and construction features for forming of requirements on the technical and technological operations of irrigation. Methods of researches: empiric, measuring, theoretical, mathematical and statistical, analysis of existent normative base. Results of researches. In the process of researches prospects, problems and terms of application of multi-supporting sprinkling-machines, are analyzed, the modern state and tendencies of improvement of these machines are considered. The brought classification over and structural signs of sprinkling-machines, basic charts and methods of irrigation, the review of constructions of sprinkling machines and technological features of their application, certain high-quality and operating-technological indexes of work of machines, are given. An operating in Ukraine normative base is analyzed in relation to requirements to the broad-cut sprinkling-machines at their application in the technique and technology operations of irrigation. It is educed as a result of analysis, that an investigational normative base touches mainly requirements to the construction of sprinkling machines and their separate component parts, methods of tests and requirements of safety. General initial requirements on technical and technological operations of irrigation, which touch quality of implementation of technological process, operating-technological and ecological requirements, requirements to reliability of and other absent. On the basis of the conducted researches and tests, experimental and informative data, which were taken as base, certain and initial requirements are reasonable on the technique and technology operations of irrigation at the use of broad-cut multisupporting sprinkling-machines, were got. Conclusions: the necessity of application of sprinkling-machines is set taking into account ecological requirements and the basic rules of their use are certain with the purpose of warning of erosive processes of soils .initial requirements are Certain and reasonable on the technical and technological operations of irrigation at the use of broad-cut multi-supporting sprinkling machines.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49369843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-15
N. Maliarchuk, А. Мaliarchuk, D. Bulyhin, L. Mishukova
In the article the brought results over of experimental researches of influence of different methods and depth of soil basic tillage and doses of mineral fertilization on agrophysical properties and productivity of soybean. A purpose of researches is establishment of the most effective methods of soil basic tillage and doses of application of mineral fertilizers at growing of soybean in row croprotation on the irrigation of south of Ukraine and their influence on a height and development of plants, forming of harvest and quality of seed. During an experiment used the field, in-gravimetric, visual, laboratory, calculation-comparative, mathematically-statistical methods with the use of confessedly methods and methodical recommendations. For determination of efficiency of action of soil basic tillage and doses of fertilizers on the productivity of soybean five variants of methods of basic tillage were stopped up and three variants of fertilizer systems: organic and two organo-mineral with doses bringing of mineral fertilizers - N30P60, N60P60 on a background of post harvesting bits and pieces of cultures of crop rotation and optimal mode of irrigation. Results. The changes of agrophysical properties happened under act of the systems of soil basic tillage, nourishing mode, that stipulated creation of different terms for a height and development of culture and forming of harvest. The productivity of seed of soybean at plowing on a 25-27 cm averaged for five years on a background the dose of fertilizers of N60P60 of 4,22 t/ha. At the combined tillage which united disk loosening on a 14-16 cm with slotting on a depth a 38-40 cm, 4,12 t/ha of seed of soybean is got in the system of differentiated-1 soil tillage. On the average on a factor B (system of fertilizer), the productivity of seed of soybean at organic system of fertilize made 2,38 t/ha. Bringing of dose N30P60 assisted the height of harvest on 0,84 t/ha, and N60P60 on 1,39 t/ha, or on 35,2 and 58,4% accordingly. Conclusion. In the short row crop rotation on the irrigated lands of south of Ukraine the most favorable terms for a height, development and forming of harvest of soybean on dark-chestnut soils are created in the systems of plowing basic soil tillage with the turn of layer or differentiated- 1 tillage with the deep loosening under soybean or shallow on a background slotting on a depth a 38-40 cm under a previous culture.
{"title":"Efficiency of soil basic tillage and mineral fertilization at growing of soybean on irrigation","authors":"N. Maliarchuk, А. Мaliarchuk, D. Bulyhin, L. Mishukova","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-15","url":null,"abstract":"In the article the brought results over of experimental researches of influence of different methods and depth of soil basic tillage and doses of mineral fertilization on agrophysical properties and productivity of soybean. A purpose of researches is establishment of the most effective methods of soil basic tillage and doses of application of mineral fertilizers at growing of soybean in row croprotation on the irrigation of south of Ukraine and their influence on a height and development of plants, forming of harvest and quality of seed. During an experiment used the field, in-gravimetric, visual, laboratory, calculation-comparative, mathematically-statistical methods with the use of confessedly methods and methodical recommendations. For determination of efficiency of action of soil basic tillage and doses of fertilizers on the productivity of soybean five variants of methods of basic tillage were stopped up and three variants of fertilizer systems: organic and two organo-mineral with doses bringing of mineral fertilizers - N30P60, N60P60 on a background of post harvesting bits and pieces of cultures of crop rotation and optimal mode of irrigation. Results. The changes of agrophysical properties happened under act of the systems of soil basic tillage, nourishing mode, that stipulated creation of different terms for a height and development of culture and forming of harvest. The productivity of seed of soybean at plowing on a 25-27 cm averaged for five years on a background the dose of fertilizers of N60P60 of 4,22 t/ha. At the combined tillage which united disk loosening on a 14-16 cm with slotting on a depth a 38-40 cm, 4,12 t/ha of seed of soybean is got in the system of differentiated-1 soil tillage. On the average on a factor B (system of fertilizer), the productivity of seed of soybean at organic system of fertilize made 2,38 t/ha. Bringing of dose N30P60 assisted the height of harvest on 0,84 t/ha, and N60P60 on 1,39 t/ha, or on 35,2 and 58,4% accordingly. Conclusion. In the short row crop rotation on the irrigated lands of south of Ukraine the most favorable terms for a height, development and forming of harvest of soybean on dark-chestnut soils are created in the systems of plowing basic soil tillage with the turn of layer or differentiated- 1 tillage with the deep loosening under soybean or shallow on a background slotting on a depth a 38-40 cm under a previous culture.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42240244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-12
S. Postelga
The purpose of research: a comprehensive assessment of self-propelled mixer-dispenser Siloking SelfLine 4.0 Premium 2215 during operation. Research methods: establishment of design features of the mixer-dispenser was performed by the survey method of the sample submitted for testing, quality indicators of the machine were evaluated by standardized methods: quality of technological process according to GSTU 46.008, operational-technological indicators according to DSTU 8424, energy indicators according to SOU 74.3-37 -04604309-824, economic indicators according to DSTU 4397, indicators of safety and ergonomics according to KD 46.16.02.03, SOU 74.3-37-133. Research result.: During the mixing of 5 types of feed, a high-quality homogeneous feed mixture was obtained, the moisture content of which was 59.5%, the bulk density was 405 kg / m3, and the average particle size was 17.4 mm. The uniformity of feed mixing was 94.3 %, and the uniformity of feed distribution was 95.5 %. The degree of grinding of stem fodder was 1.4 times (for hay). The test results show that the mixer-dispenser satisfactorily and efficiently performs the specified process. The feed monolith is preserved after passing the cutting drum, no looseness of the feed slice is detected. Returned losses at the bottom of the silo do not exceed 1 %. The productivity of the mixer-dispenser for the technological process of loading, transportation, mixing and distribution of feed on a dairy farm with a population of 1600 heads is 10.6 t / h, the average productivity of feed loading is 28.6 t / h. (including silage -41 t / h; haylage 43.4 t / h), feed distribution capacity −116 t / h. Specific fuel consumption is 1.2 liters per ton of loaded, crushed, mixed and distributed feed. Labor costs for the implementation of the technological process is 0.09 man-hours / t, direct operating costs -91 UAH / t. Conclusions. Self-propelled mixer-dispenser Siloking SelfLine 4.0 Premium 2215 is a multifunctional machine that allows, with the involvement of only one operator, to ensure self-loading of components, preparation and distribution of quality feed to animals at a given diet. During self-loading the error of dosing of components by the mixer-distributor does not exceed 0,5% that allows to prepare a forage mix close to settlement. The self-loading milling working mechanism of the mixer-distributor provides an equal cut of a monolith of silage and haylage that allows to keep quality of consolidation and prevents losses of nutritiousness and power value of a forage. Self-propelled mixer-distributor is characterized by 1.5 - 2.1 times higher than trailed mixer-distributors productivity of the process as a whole, has a high enough productivity of self-loading components and distribution of feed, minimizes specific labor costs and fuel consumption per 1 tons of cooked and distributed feed.
{"title":"SELF-PROPELLED MIXER-DISTRIBUTOR SILOKING SELFLINE 4.0 PREMIUM 2215 TESTING","authors":"S. Postelga","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-12","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of research: a comprehensive assessment of self-propelled mixer-dispenser Siloking SelfLine 4.0 Premium 2215 during operation. Research methods: establishment of design features of the mixer-dispenser was performed by the survey method of the sample submitted for testing, quality indicators of the machine were evaluated by standardized methods: quality of technological process according to GSTU 46.008, operational-technological indicators according to DSTU 8424, energy indicators according to SOU 74.3-37 -04604309-824, economic indicators according to DSTU 4397, indicators of safety and ergonomics according to KD 46.16.02.03, SOU 74.3-37-133. Research result.: During the mixing of 5 types of feed, a high-quality homogeneous feed mixture was obtained, the moisture content of which was 59.5%, the bulk density was 405 kg / m3, and the average particle size was 17.4 mm. The uniformity of feed mixing was 94.3 %, and the uniformity of feed distribution was 95.5 %. The degree of grinding of stem fodder was 1.4 times (for hay). The test results show that the mixer-dispenser satisfactorily and efficiently performs the specified process. The feed monolith is preserved after passing the cutting drum, no looseness of the feed slice is detected. Returned losses at the bottom of the silo do not exceed 1 %. The productivity of the mixer-dispenser for the technological process of loading, transportation, mixing and distribution of feed on a dairy farm with a population of 1600 heads is 10.6 t / h, the average productivity of feed loading is 28.6 t / h. (including silage -41 t / h; haylage 43.4 t / h), feed distribution capacity −116 t / h. Specific fuel consumption is 1.2 liters per ton of loaded, crushed, mixed and distributed feed. Labor costs for the implementation of the technological process is 0.09 man-hours / t, direct operating costs -91 UAH / t. Conclusions. Self-propelled mixer-dispenser Siloking SelfLine 4.0 Premium 2215 is a multifunctional machine that allows, with the involvement of only one operator, to ensure self-loading of components, preparation and distribution of quality feed to animals at a given diet. During self-loading the error of dosing of components by the mixer-distributor does not exceed 0,5% that allows to prepare a forage mix close to settlement. The self-loading milling working mechanism of the mixer-distributor provides an equal cut of a monolith of silage and haylage that allows to keep quality of consolidation and prevents losses of nutritiousness and power value of a forage. Self-propelled mixer-distributor is characterized by 1.5 - 2.1 times higher than trailed mixer-distributors productivity of the process as a whole, has a high enough productivity of self-loading components and distribution of feed, minimizes specific labor costs and fuel consumption per 1 tons of cooked and distributed feed.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44167752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-14
O. Kryshtal
The purpose of the research: comprehensive assessment of the individual milking unit of the company "Kurtsan" (Turkey) during operation. Methods of research: Analysis of the structural features of the individual milking unit performed by the observation method given to test sample, the quality of the machine was evaluated by standardized methods: the quality of the technological process and operational-technological indicators in accordance with the SOU 74.3-37-273, energy indices according to DSTU 2331, economic Indicators according to DSTU 4397, safety indicators and ergonomics according to DSTU IEES 60335-1, DSTU EN 60335-2-70. Research Results: The conducted research confirms a sufficiently high quality of the technological process of selection of milk in cows in the conditions of use of milking installation in a personal economy, which provides favorable conditions for the milking of the cow, taking into account its physiological features. Performance per hour of basic time is 10 heads. Milking installation works on the principle of a closed milking system, thanks to which milk does not contact the environment and immediately from the basin enters a sealed can. Such system protects milk from the possibility of bacterial and physical contamination. Milk obtained during milking by milking installation according to quality indicators (acidity, density, content of somatic cells, mass fraction of dry matter, mass fraction of fat) meets the requirements for the first grade according to DSTU 3662. Milking installation is equipped with a dry vacuum pump. Power consumption during installation does not exceed 0.54 kW. Specific electricity consumption for milking of one cow is 0.05 kWh / head. Annual operating expenses for milking of two cows in the farm are 1591.90 UAH / head. Conclusions. According to the testing of the individual milking plant manufacturing company "KURTSAN", it has been established that this installation reliably performs the technological process of machine milking of cows in milking can for their tethered maintenance and allows you to get milk of the first grade. The total duration of visiting one cow is 5.75 minutes. The average intensity of milk is 1.0 kg / min. Milking machine provides complete bodies of cows. The magnitude of the control manual feed is 50 ml. The milking machine is equipped with an adjustable pulsator of pairwise milking, which creates a manual milking process and works for a working vacuum of 40 ± 1 kPa, which prevents injury to dies and diseases of mastitis. In the cover the "Stop-Milk" system is installed, which prevents milk from entering a vacuum pump during the overflow of the poor, or water while washing All items are compactly assembled on a single cart. However, a small diameter of wheels on an unequal surface creates some inconvenience to the operator during the transportation of the machine with a filled milk capacity. The application of the installation increases the amount of milk received. Its g
研究目的:对“Kurtsan”(土耳其)公司的单个挤奶单元在运营过程中进行综合评估。研究方法:对单个挤奶装置的结构特征进行分析,采用对测试样品给出的观察方法,采用标准化方法对机器的质量进行评价:工艺过程质量和操作技术指标符合SOU 74.3-37-273,能源指标符合DSTU 2331,经济指标符合DSTU 4397,安全指标和人体工程学指标符合DSTU IEES 60335-1, DSTU EN 60335-2-70。研究结果:本研究证实了在个体经济中使用挤奶装置的条件下,奶牛的选奶工艺具有足够高的质量,考虑到奶牛的生理特点,为奶牛的挤奶提供了有利的条件。基本时间每小时的性能为10头。挤奶装置的工作原理是一个封闭的挤奶系统,由于牛奶不接触环境,立即从盆进入一个密封的罐子。这样的系统保护牛奶免受细菌和物理污染的可能性。根据质量指标(酸度、密度、体细胞含量、干物质质量分数、脂肪质量分数),通过挤奶装置在挤奶过程中获得的牛奶符合DSTU 3662的一级要求。挤奶装置配有干式真空泵。安装过程中的功耗不超过0.54 kW。每头奶牛挤奶的耗电量为0.05千瓦时。农场每年挤奶2头奶牛的运营费用为1591.90澳元/头。结论。根据个别挤奶设备制造公司“KURTSAN”的测试,已经确定该装置可靠地执行挤奶罐中奶牛的机械挤奶工艺过程,以保持奶牛的系绳维护,并允许您获得一流的牛奶。参观一头奶牛的总时间为5.75分钟。平均出奶强度为1.0 kg / min,可提供完整的奶牛胴体。控制手动进料量为50毫升。挤奶机配有可调双挤奶脉动器,实现手动挤奶过程,工作真空为40±1千帕,防止伤害死亡和乳腺炎疾病。在盖子上安装了“停奶”系统,防止牛奶在穷人溢出时进入真空泵,或在洗涤时进入水。所有物品都紧凑地组装在一个手推车上。然而,小直径的车轮在一个不均匀的表面造成一些不便的操作人员在运输的机器充满牛奶容量。该装置的应用增加了收到的牛奶量。它的工作温和,不会伤害奶牛的情绪和身体健康:操作过程中的功能障碍不会被推,轻微的振动产生按摩效果。挤奶装置可以让你在一个经济中显著减少服务人员的劳动,维护1到10头奶牛。
{"title":"RESULTS OF TESTING OF MODERN INDIVIDUAL MILKING INSTALLATION","authors":"O. Kryshtal","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-14","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research: comprehensive assessment of the individual milking unit of the company \"Kurtsan\" (Turkey) during operation. Methods of research: Analysis of the structural features of the individual milking unit performed by the observation method given to test sample, the quality of the machine was evaluated by standardized methods: the quality of the technological process and operational-technological indicators in accordance with the SOU 74.3-37-273, energy indices according to DSTU 2331, economic Indicators according to DSTU 4397, safety indicators and ergonomics according to DSTU IEES 60335-1, DSTU EN 60335-2-70. Research Results: The conducted research confirms a sufficiently high quality of the technological process of selection of milk in cows in the conditions of use of milking installation in a personal economy, which provides favorable conditions for the milking of the cow, taking into account its physiological features. Performance per hour of basic time is 10 heads. Milking installation works on the principle of a closed milking system, thanks to which milk does not contact the environment and immediately from the basin enters a sealed can. Such system protects milk from the possibility of bacterial and physical contamination. Milk obtained during milking by milking installation according to quality indicators (acidity, density, content of somatic cells, mass fraction of dry matter, mass fraction of fat) meets the requirements for the first grade according to DSTU 3662. Milking installation is equipped with a dry vacuum pump. Power consumption during installation does not exceed 0.54 kW. Specific electricity consumption for milking of one cow is 0.05 kWh / head. Annual operating expenses for milking of two cows in the farm are 1591.90 UAH / head. Conclusions. According to the testing of the individual milking plant manufacturing company \"KURTSAN\", it has been established that this installation reliably performs the technological process of machine milking of cows in milking can for their tethered maintenance and allows you to get milk of the first grade. The total duration of visiting one cow is 5.75 minutes. The average intensity of milk is 1.0 kg / min. Milking machine provides complete bodies of cows. The magnitude of the control manual feed is 50 ml. The milking machine is equipped with an adjustable pulsator of pairwise milking, which creates a manual milking process and works for a working vacuum of 40 ± 1 kPa, which prevents injury to dies and diseases of mastitis. In the cover the \"Stop-Milk\" system is installed, which prevents milk from entering a vacuum pump during the overflow of the poor, or water while washing All items are compactly assembled on a single cart. However, a small diameter of wheels on an unequal surface creates some inconvenience to the operator during the transportation of the machine with a filled milk capacity. The application of the installation increases the amount of milk received. Its g","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69813468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-16
M. Novokhatsky, O. Bondarenko, N. Maidanovych
The aim of this research was to study of efficiency of iron oxide nanoparticle application (nano Fe+) in the cultivation of spring barley and soybeans by different systems of basic tillage in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The effectiveness of nano Fe+ applying was determined by determining the biological yield of the studied crops and its structure and comparison with the control version of the experiment (without the use of nanopreparation). The studied crops were spring barley and soybeans. The number of variants of the experiment were 16 (8 variants for each culture). Number of repetitions – three. The research was carried out according to the following scheme: factor A – tillage system (A1 – traditional, A2 – conservation, A3 – mulching, A4 – mini-till); factor B – iron oxide nano Fe+ (B1 – control (without the use of nano Fe+), B2 – the use of nano Fe+ for seed treatment at a rate of 5 mg/t). Used nanopreparation of black iron oxide magnetite is a polyvalent iron oxide (FeO - Fe2O3 - Fe3O4). Results of field research showed a tendency to increase the yield of barley and soybeans with the use of iron oxide nanoparticles in the treatment of seed material. The increase in the yield of spring barley was different depending on the system of basic tillage and ranged from 5 % (conservation system) to 25 % (traditional system). The most favorable conditions for the formation of spring barley yield within the experiment were formed by the mulching system of tillage, which together with the use of nano Fe+ allowed to form the biological yield of the crop at the level of 61,2 c/ha. The effect of direct exposure to nano Fe+ in the case of the mulching system was a 12 % increase in yield compared to control. The use of nano Fe+ on soybean crops helped to increase plant survival. Biological yield during soybean seed treatment nano Fe+ was higher in almost all tillage options. The greatest effect from the use of nano Fe+ was observed for the traditional tillage system (+ 55 % compared to the control). Conclusions. The results of the field experiment revealed a positive effect from the use of nano Fe+ in seed treatment in the technology of growing spring barley and soybeans. It is noted that nano Fe+ influenced the growth and development of the studied crops and the formation of their yields. The average level of biological yield of spring barley (for all applied tillage systems) without nano Fe+ treatment was 50 c/ha, and with the use of nanopreparation – 58 c/ha. For soybeans, the average level of biological yield for all studied systems without nano Fe+ was 17 c/ha, and with the use of nanopreparation – 21,6 c/ha.
{"title":"EFFICIENCY OF IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLE APPLICATION IN THE GROWING OF SPRING BARLEY AND SOYBEAN","authors":"M. Novokhatsky, O. Bondarenko, N. Maidanovych","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2021-1-28(42)-16","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to study of efficiency of iron oxide nanoparticle application (nano Fe+) in the cultivation of spring barley and soybeans by different systems of basic tillage in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The effectiveness of nano Fe+ applying was determined by determining the biological yield of the studied crops and its structure and comparison with the control version of the experiment (without the use of nanopreparation). The studied crops were spring barley and soybeans. The number of variants of the experiment were 16 (8 variants for each culture). Number of repetitions – three. The research was carried out according to the following scheme: factor A – tillage system (A1 – traditional, A2 – conservation, A3 – mulching, A4 – mini-till); factor B – iron oxide nano Fe+ (B1 – control (without the use of nano Fe+), B2 – the use of nano Fe+ for seed treatment at a rate of 5 mg/t). Used nanopreparation of black iron oxide magnetite is a polyvalent iron oxide (FeO - Fe2O3 - Fe3O4). Results of field research showed a tendency to increase the yield of barley and soybeans with the use of iron oxide nanoparticles in the treatment of seed material. The increase in the yield of spring barley was different depending on the system of basic tillage and ranged from 5 % (conservation system) to 25 % (traditional system). The most favorable conditions for the formation of spring barley yield within the experiment were formed by the mulching system of tillage, which together with the use of nano Fe+ allowed to form the biological yield of the crop at the level of 61,2 c/ha. The effect of direct exposure to nano Fe+ in the case of the mulching system was a 12 % increase in yield compared to control. The use of nano Fe+ on soybean crops helped to increase plant survival. Biological yield during soybean seed treatment nano Fe+ was higher in almost all tillage options. The greatest effect from the use of nano Fe+ was observed for the traditional tillage system (+ 55 % compared to the control). Conclusions. The results of the field experiment revealed a positive effect from the use of nano Fe+ in seed treatment in the technology of growing spring barley and soybeans. It is noted that nano Fe+ influenced the growth and development of the studied crops and the formation of their yields. The average level of biological yield of spring barley (for all applied tillage systems) without nano Fe+ treatment was 50 c/ha, and with the use of nanopreparation – 58 c/ha. For soybeans, the average level of biological yield for all studied systems without nano Fe+ was 17 c/ha, and with the use of nanopreparation – 21,6 c/ha.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45151768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}