Pub Date : 2016-07-05DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1227843
Sean Wauters, D. Tiggelen
{"title":"Injury profile of Longsword fencing in Historical European Martial Arts : a retrospective questionnaire study","authors":"Sean Wauters, D. Tiggelen","doi":"10.5604/20815735.1227843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1227843","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":347138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of combat sports and martial arts","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122816638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-05DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1232425
Philip Davis, R. Beneke
{"title":"Anthropometric Parameters of Amateur Boxers: Comparability and Sensitivity of Equations used to Calculate Body Density","authors":"Philip Davis, R. Beneke","doi":"10.5604/20815735.1232425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1232425","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":347138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of combat sports and martial arts","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131814740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-28DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1223402
Ryszard Pujszo, Marek Adam
Fights in mixed martial art (MMA) require from their participants using a wide range of techniques from different kinds of fight sports. Depending on the usage of acquired and mastered techniques and the determination to achieve the success by using them, we can divide the players into: punchers (who prefer using punches) and grapplers (who prefer using holds – throws levers and choke holds). There are also the players whose fight relies on putting the opponent on the ground and punching – ground and pound. The top MMA athletes are characterized by possessing both techniques from punchers category and grapplers derived from judo, jujitsu and wrestling. Their victory fights are based on the usage of their own mastered techniques and the ability to prevent opponent’s dangerous actions. It is also based on the thorough analysis of opponents fighting style and selection of own appropriate fighting style [1,2,3,4]. The detailed analysis of their own possibilities and ways of playing fighting course, has its historical and phenomenological prototypes [5] The ground and pound style, even though very attractive for the audience, is often associated with an ordinary fight, where no elements of any previously gained technique are needed or visible. However, it needs to be remembered that the fights in mixed martial art organized by KSW and advertised by TV channels, are the typical on profit marketing product and the so called ‘fights of the night’ are used to support that kind of image [6]. There are also additional actions taken by the training staff and advertising companies who are trying to prove their players masculinity, determination and no fear for the opponent and on the other hand trying to belittle the opponent [7]. Opinions of the scientists who are concerned about moral, spiritual, pedagogical and anti-violence values of the fights are, however, censorious [8,9,10]. The aim of the article’s au thors was to examine whether so called MMA ‘fights of the night’ organized by KSW are showing the best Polish martial art champions who possess a wide range of different techniques derived from different combat sports.
{"title":"The course of the MMA fights as a part of KSW federation - as the examples of the heavy weight \"fight of the night\"","authors":"Ryszard Pujszo, Marek Adam","doi":"10.5604/20815735.1223402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1223402","url":null,"abstract":"Fights in mixed martial art (MMA) require from their participants using a wide range of techniques from different kinds of fight sports. Depending on the usage of acquired and mastered techniques and the determination to achieve the success by using them, we can divide the players into: punchers (who prefer using punches) and grapplers (who prefer using holds – throws levers and choke holds). There are also the players whose fight relies on putting the opponent on the ground and punching – ground and pound. The top MMA athletes are characterized by possessing both techniques from punchers category and grapplers derived from judo, jujitsu and wrestling. Their victory fights are based on the usage of their own mastered techniques and the ability to prevent opponent’s dangerous actions. It is also based on the thorough analysis of opponents fighting style and selection of own appropriate fighting style [1,2,3,4]. The detailed analysis of their own possibilities and ways of playing fighting course, has its historical and phenomenological prototypes [5] The ground and pound style, even though very attractive for the audience, is often associated with an ordinary fight, where no elements of any previously gained technique are needed or visible. However, it needs to be remembered that the fights in mixed martial art organized by KSW and advertised by TV channels, are the typical on profit marketing product and the so called ‘fights of the night’ are used to support that kind of image [6]. There are also additional actions taken by the training staff and advertising companies who are trying to prove their players masculinity, determination and no fear for the opponent and on the other hand trying to belittle the opponent [7]. Opinions of the scientists who are concerned about moral, spiritual, pedagogical and anti-violence values of the fights are, however, censorious [8,9,10]. The aim of the article’s au thors was to examine whether so called MMA ‘fights of the night’ organized by KSW are showing the best Polish martial art champions who possess a wide range of different techniques derived from different combat sports.","PeriodicalId":347138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of combat sports and martial arts","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114100626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-28DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1225636
Amit Batra, Marek Zatoń
International Taekwondo Federation-sanctioned competition involves two rounds of 2 min sparring interspersed with a 1 min rest period. The organizational structure of taekwondo (TKD) results in a physical activity characterized by concomitant lowand high-intensity efforts that require specific training adaptations for athletic performance [1]. Research on the physiological demands of competitive TKD has found it in volv es significant anaerobic energy expenditure supported throughout by the aerobic pathway [2,3,4]. Matsushige et al. [5] further articulated this interaction finding that muscle anae robic metabolism is critical during the striking phases whereas the aerobic system is dominant during active recovery while also a significant contributor to the body’s ability to regenerate energy. It can be therefore assumed that a block, kick, or punch delivered with high power–speed mobilizes ana erobic ATP resynthesis and that only during the low-intensity recovery periods characterized by defensive movements be tween attacks is aerobic metabolism and the removal of ex cess lactate (LA-) stimulated. The fighting dynamics of TKD as well as the adopted mo vement patterns (especially in lower weight classes) often elicit maximum heart rate and very high blood lactate levels (11-14 mmol/l plasma) [3,4]. The intensive nature of TKD therefore requires athletes with highly developed glycolytic capacity so as to present sufficient defense mechanisms against respiratory acidosis and, consequently, reduced performance. For this reason, the physiological and metabolic adaptations induced by interval training seem ideally suited for TKD and other com bat sport athletes. Research on this training modality, such as by Burgomaster et al. [6], found that interval training increases pyruvate oxidation via enhanced pyruvate de hy drogenase and citrate synthase activity, both of which are important en zymes in the aerobic energy system. These results are consistent with those presented in other studies [7,8], who in ad dition to changes in the enzymatic activity of the glycolytic and aerobic energy systems also observed improved aerobic and anaerobic performance. Another confirmation of the positive effects of glycolytic-based interval training on aerobic capacity is through significant improvements in endurance efforts at
{"title":"Effect of high intensity interval training on cardiopulmonary function in Taekwon-do ITF athletes","authors":"Amit Batra, Marek Zatoń","doi":"10.5604/20815735.1225636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1225636","url":null,"abstract":"International Taekwondo Federation-sanctioned competition involves two rounds of 2 min sparring interspersed with a 1 min rest period. The organizational structure of taekwondo (TKD) results in a physical activity characterized by concomitant lowand high-intensity efforts that require specific training adaptations for athletic performance [1]. Research on the physiological demands of competitive TKD has found it in volv es significant anaerobic energy expenditure supported throughout by the aerobic pathway [2,3,4]. Matsushige et al. [5] further articulated this interaction finding that muscle anae robic metabolism is critical during the striking phases whereas the aerobic system is dominant during active recovery while also a significant contributor to the body’s ability to regenerate energy. It can be therefore assumed that a block, kick, or punch delivered with high power–speed mobilizes ana erobic ATP resynthesis and that only during the low-intensity recovery periods characterized by defensive movements be tween attacks is aerobic metabolism and the removal of ex cess lactate (LA-) stimulated. The fighting dynamics of TKD as well as the adopted mo vement patterns (especially in lower weight classes) often elicit maximum heart rate and very high blood lactate levels (11-14 mmol/l plasma) [3,4]. The intensive nature of TKD therefore requires athletes with highly developed glycolytic capacity so as to present sufficient defense mechanisms against respiratory acidosis and, consequently, reduced performance. For this reason, the physiological and metabolic adaptations induced by interval training seem ideally suited for TKD and other com bat sport athletes. Research on this training modality, such as by Burgomaster et al. [6], found that interval training increases pyruvate oxidation via enhanced pyruvate de hy drogenase and citrate synthase activity, both of which are important en zymes in the aerobic energy system. These results are consistent with those presented in other studies [7,8], who in ad dition to changes in the enzymatic activity of the glycolytic and aerobic energy systems also observed improved aerobic and anaerobic performance. Another confirmation of the positive effects of glycolytic-based interval training on aerobic capacity is through significant improvements in endurance efforts at","PeriodicalId":347138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of combat sports and martial arts","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116096074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-28DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1223401
R. Dalui, A. Bandyopadhyay
Sedentary life style leads to onset of various health problems which cause reduction in bone density, muscle mass and physical fitness [1]. Different forms of martial arts, e.g., Judo, Tai Chi, Soo bahk do, Taekwondo, Karate etc. have gain ed worldwide popularity because of their beneficial effects to maintain the normal health [2,3]. Long term and short term practice of martial arts improved the high intensity effort (HIE), cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility in Filipino athletes [4]. Karate is a trendy form of martial art that has gained in credible popularity in Korea, Japan, China and India. It is being used as a mean to boost self protection especially in some Western countries [1]. Training of Karate reduced the physiological disorders associated with aging and improve general fitness profile of older individuals due to its beneficial effects on cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), HIE, muscle de ve lopment, muscular endurance, muscle strength, speed and motor ability [5,6]. VO2max plays a predominant role in Karate performance since it prevents fatigue during training as well as during the competitive events [5]. Japanese Karate practitioners performed this martial art as a precise technique to develop muscle mass, strength, power and motor skills [7]. Fitness profile of Karate players have been reported from different countries [2,3]. But pertinent data is unavailable in Indian Karate players. The present study was therefore aimed to evaluate the fitness profile parameters, e.g., morphological parameters, cardiorespiratory fitness in terms of VO2max, HIE, agility and flexibility in male Karate players of Kolkata, India and to compare the data with the sedentary control group and their overseas counterparts.
{"title":"Fitness Profile of Indian Male Karate Players","authors":"R. Dalui, A. Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.5604/20815735.1223401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1223401","url":null,"abstract":"Sedentary life style leads to onset of various health problems which cause reduction in bone density, muscle mass and physical fitness [1]. Different forms of martial arts, e.g., Judo, Tai Chi, Soo bahk do, Taekwondo, Karate etc. have gain ed worldwide popularity because of their beneficial effects to maintain the normal health [2,3]. Long term and short term practice of martial arts improved the high intensity effort (HIE), cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility in Filipino athletes [4]. Karate is a trendy form of martial art that has gained in credible popularity in Korea, Japan, China and India. It is being used as a mean to boost self protection especially in some Western countries [1]. Training of Karate reduced the physiological disorders associated with aging and improve general fitness profile of older individuals due to its beneficial effects on cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), HIE, muscle de ve lopment, muscular endurance, muscle strength, speed and motor ability [5,6]. VO2max plays a predominant role in Karate performance since it prevents fatigue during training as well as during the competitive events [5]. Japanese Karate practitioners performed this martial art as a precise technique to develop muscle mass, strength, power and motor skills [7]. Fitness profile of Karate players have been reported from different countries [2,3]. But pertinent data is unavailable in Indian Karate players. The present study was therefore aimed to evaluate the fitness profile parameters, e.g., morphological parameters, cardiorespiratory fitness in terms of VO2max, HIE, agility and flexibility in male Karate players of Kolkata, India and to compare the data with the sedentary control group and their overseas counterparts.","PeriodicalId":347138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of combat sports and martial arts","volume":"265 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124316066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-28DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1208879
Z. Obmiński, L. Borkowski, B. Szczepańska, R. Zdanowicz
Wingate (30sec) test is considered as a still basic tool used for estimation anaerobic capacity of upper and lower body limbs in various sport disciplines , although an cycling exertion does not accurately reflex the structure of motion realized during all competitive efforts. On the other hand very high precision of measured power output with the frequency up to 1000Hz allow to differentiate anaerobic capacities in athletes of similar skills. The are several biomechanical para meters of high diagnostic values. For instance, peak power (PP) recorded during Wingate tests showed good relationships with the other explosive exertions and showed the rate of maximal force development [1-3]. RelativePP is higher in more successful wrestlers as compared to less successful athletes [4]. For that reason level of Wingate test performance is useful for determination of effectiveness of the training period in judokas [5]. The other combat sport athletes whose ana erobic power and capacity have been extensively studied are male and female wrestlers [6-9]. It is worth to note that male wrestlers practice two type wrestling sports known as free style (FS) or Greco-Roman (GRS) style. Both styles use grap pling and throws, but there are differ strategies and techniques during a match. For instance, GRS wrestlers cannot grab their opponents below the waist and lost physical contact after a throw to the ground, while in FS there are no above restrictions. FS derived from American wrestling that is based on a rule “catch-as-catch-can”. It is interesting, whether various match-task structures and competition-related demands of the two styles result in differences in some biomechanical features such as general physical fitness i.e. strength, anaerobic/aerobic capacity of whole body muscles. All of these physical capabilities contribute to the athletic success. It was established, that in Greco-Roman style levels of relative grip strength, pull-ups, peak of anaerobic power of upper/lower limbs are the best predictors of success [10], but it seems, the same is true for free style competitors. Typical wrestling tournament lasts one day and may consists up to five of consecutive matches, each of them implemented within one hour. These bouts are very intensive efforts, leading to biochemical changes in blood, muscles fatigue and deterioration in performance at the end of a competition [11,12]. Thus, physical demands regarding the both wresting styles are very high.
{"title":"Anaerobic ability in juvenile male Free- and Greco-Roman style wrestlers","authors":"Z. Obmiński, L. Borkowski, B. Szczepańska, R. Zdanowicz","doi":"10.5604/20815735.1208879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1208879","url":null,"abstract":"Wingate (30sec) test is considered as a still basic tool used for estimation anaerobic capacity of upper and lower body limbs in various sport disciplines , although an cycling exertion does not accurately reflex the structure of motion realized during all competitive efforts. On the other hand very high precision of measured power output with the frequency up to 1000Hz allow to differentiate anaerobic capacities in athletes of similar skills. The are several biomechanical para meters of high diagnostic values. For instance, peak power (PP) recorded during Wingate tests showed good relationships with the other explosive exertions and showed the rate of maximal force development [1-3]. RelativePP is higher in more successful wrestlers as compared to less successful athletes [4]. For that reason level of Wingate test performance is useful for determination of effectiveness of the training period in judokas [5]. The other combat sport athletes whose ana erobic power and capacity have been extensively studied are male and female wrestlers [6-9]. It is worth to note that male wrestlers practice two type wrestling sports known as free style (FS) or Greco-Roman (GRS) style. Both styles use grap pling and throws, but there are differ strategies and techniques during a match. For instance, GRS wrestlers cannot grab their opponents below the waist and lost physical contact after a throw to the ground, while in FS there are no above restrictions. FS derived from American wrestling that is based on a rule “catch-as-catch-can”. It is interesting, whether various match-task structures and competition-related demands of the two styles result in differences in some biomechanical features such as general physical fitness i.e. strength, anaerobic/aerobic capacity of whole body muscles. All of these physical capabilities contribute to the athletic success. It was established, that in Greco-Roman style levels of relative grip strength, pull-ups, peak of anaerobic power of upper/lower limbs are the best predictors of success [10], but it seems, the same is true for free style competitors. Typical wrestling tournament lasts one day and may consists up to five of consecutive matches, each of them implemented within one hour. These bouts are very intensive efforts, leading to biochemical changes in blood, muscles fatigue and deterioration in performance at the end of a competition [11,12]. Thus, physical demands regarding the both wresting styles are very high.","PeriodicalId":347138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of combat sports and martial arts","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117026230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-28DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1222724
Paweł Piepiora, Jan Supiński, K. Witkowski
{"title":"Personality of the karatekas versus kumite sport fight systems (in view of the karate culture as the regulator of this interdependence)","authors":"Paweł Piepiora, Jan Supiński, K. Witkowski","doi":"10.5604/20815735.1222724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1222724","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":347138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of combat sports and martial arts","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127859443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-28DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1199932
Piotr Cych, W. Błach, Łukasz Koleśnik, A. Levitskiy
Competitive judo bouts have already been observed and analysed by many authors [1-20], however, the objectives of these observations were different. Some authors were interested in the psychology, physiology and biochemistry of effort aspects [8,10,16], while others studied the differences in bout strategy vs. gender [20] or the differences in the techniques used, when usually taking into account the differences between competitors who are of different age and different sports level [1-7,11-12,21-24] or changes in competitive level over the years of a competitive career [25]. Many different observation and recording techniques were used in bouts from manual recording of all events using specially designed symbols [1], through observation sheets, to the data digitization and computer analysis [14,26]. In judo scoring can be achieved by: throwing, pinning, choking, applying an arm lock and penalties [12]. Competitors can make errors in any of the above actions. Therefore, each of these sequences should be trained to be perfectly controlled and every individual motor action should be memorised as an unconditioned response. A judo competitor, who wants to win a bout, must demonstrate the highest effectiveness in attack, defense and counterattack. The ability to make use of the errors made by an opponent and the ability to commit as few own errors as possible is the key to success in a judo bout. In judo, information on the current course of the competition and, in particular, the errors made during the fight by a competitor may be of key importance in changing the course of a bout. Bearing in mind the characteristics of this sports discipline, our study aimed to analyse the power of different errors and their manifestations. The aim of this study is also to compare manifestations of errors made by seniors and juniors and to correlate them with the way of conducting a judo bout.
{"title":"Error manifestations occur in junior and senior judo bouts full names","authors":"Piotr Cych, W. Błach, Łukasz Koleśnik, A. Levitskiy","doi":"10.5604/20815735.1199932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1199932","url":null,"abstract":"Competitive judo bouts have already been observed and analysed by many authors [1-20], however, the objectives of these observations were different. Some authors were interested in the psychology, physiology and biochemistry of effort aspects [8,10,16], while others studied the differences in bout strategy vs. gender [20] or the differences in the techniques used, when usually taking into account the differences between competitors who are of different age and different sports level [1-7,11-12,21-24] or changes in competitive level over the years of a competitive career [25]. Many different observation and recording techniques were used in bouts from manual recording of all events using specially designed symbols [1], through observation sheets, to the data digitization and computer analysis [14,26]. In judo scoring can be achieved by: throwing, pinning, choking, applying an arm lock and penalties [12]. Competitors can make errors in any of the above actions. Therefore, each of these sequences should be trained to be perfectly controlled and every individual motor action should be memorised as an unconditioned response. A judo competitor, who wants to win a bout, must demonstrate the highest effectiveness in attack, defense and counterattack. The ability to make use of the errors made by an opponent and the ability to commit as few own errors as possible is the key to success in a judo bout. In judo, information on the current course of the competition and, in particular, the errors made during the fight by a competitor may be of key importance in changing the course of a bout. Bearing in mind the characteristics of this sports discipline, our study aimed to analyse the power of different errors and their manifestations. The aim of this study is also to compare manifestations of errors made by seniors and juniors and to correlate them with the way of conducting a judo bout.","PeriodicalId":347138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of combat sports and martial arts","volume":"416 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117311867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-28DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1199933
Karol Wałowski, Tatiana Poliszczuk, Dmytro Poliszczuk
Functional asymmetry only recently has been subject to complex studies [1,2]. Despite the long tradition of the symmetry and asymmetry measurements at research centers in many countries, the collected material pertains mainly to morphological asymmetry [3]. A huge progress in athletic performance, practically in all sport disciplines indicates that competitors are about to reach the limit of human potential [4]. In order to win the competitions of nowadays it is necessary to seek more perfect solutions and to implement innovative studies on human body diagnosing and potential. This can be achieved through the analysis of strength potential in the aspect of symmetry [5]. Judo is a discipline allowing such observations [6], therefore the analysis of symmetry of strength potential in judo elite competitors in Europe seems interesting. Bio me chanical measurements of technique performance have been analyzed for many years, both in Poland and worldwide and are focused mainly on extension and flexion movements in multiple joints. However, no analysis of rotational movements, e.g. of the trunk, which are extremely important for technique implementation, has been reported to date. Sacripanti [7] in his paper mentions rotational movement of the trunk as the initial movement for throw performance with the movement in the iliac joint. In the aspect of biomechanics, throws in judo involve actions aimed at provoking rotational movement of the opponent, holding at the same time their uniform. Initially, the opponent loses balance, assuming the position enabling the easiest throw performance [8]. The goal of the study was
{"title":"Manifestations of symmetry and asymmetry of the peak torque produced by the muscles responsible for rotational movements among Judo competitors, representatives of the National Teams of Poland and Belgium","authors":"Karol Wałowski, Tatiana Poliszczuk, Dmytro Poliszczuk","doi":"10.5604/20815735.1199933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1199933","url":null,"abstract":"Functional asymmetry only recently has been subject to complex studies [1,2]. Despite the long tradition of the symmetry and asymmetry measurements at research centers in many countries, the collected material pertains mainly to morphological asymmetry [3]. A huge progress in athletic performance, practically in all sport disciplines indicates that competitors are about to reach the limit of human potential [4]. In order to win the competitions of nowadays it is necessary to seek more perfect solutions and to implement innovative studies on human body diagnosing and potential. This can be achieved through the analysis of strength potential in the aspect of symmetry [5]. Judo is a discipline allowing such observations [6], therefore the analysis of symmetry of strength potential in judo elite competitors in Europe seems interesting. Bio me chanical measurements of technique performance have been analyzed for many years, both in Poland and worldwide and are focused mainly on extension and flexion movements in multiple joints. However, no analysis of rotational movements, e.g. of the trunk, which are extremely important for technique implementation, has been reported to date. Sacripanti [7] in his paper mentions rotational movement of the trunk as the initial movement for throw performance with the movement in the iliac joint. In the aspect of biomechanics, throws in judo involve actions aimed at provoking rotational movement of the opponent, holding at the same time their uniform. Initially, the opponent loses balance, assuming the position enabling the easiest throw performance [8]. The goal of the study was","PeriodicalId":347138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of combat sports and martial arts","volume":"AES-2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126491296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-28DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1222834
Jaroslaw Maslinski, K. Witkowski, Wojciech Cieslinski
Physical fitness has always been inextricably linked to human existence in nature. It is determined by various elements, above all by motor abilities, which can be shaped and developed. According to various theories [4,5], there are two sides to human motoricity: potential and effective. The potential side comprises predispositions, motor skills and abilities; the effective side – motor and physical fitness. Raczek et al. [3] have distinguished three groups on the basis of motor abilities. The first comprises conditioning abilities – energetic and morpho-structural. The second group comprises coordination and information abilities – neuro-sensory and psychological predispositions. The group includes ability to combine movements, differentiate movements, ability to maintain balance, orientation, rhythmicisation of movements, reaction and ability to adapt in terms of movement. The third group is made up of complex or hybrid abilities – determined by factors from the first two groups but without either of them becoming dominant: speed, agility. The coordination area of human motor abilities has been studied by numerous researchers seeking to identify the characteristic elements of its inner structure as well as the predispositions making up these elements. The research was started by American psychologists. Drawing on empirical research, Guilford [6] distinguished three groups of factors: responsiveness of the nervous system (reaction time, frequency), static precision (static balance, arm precision) and dynamic precision (dynamic balance, lower limb aiming). In Europe, research into the coordination part of human motor abilities was conducted by Gundlach [7,8] and Schnabel [9,10]. When it comes to the expansion of knowledge of motor coordination and, above all, the structure of the motor control process, Hirtz’s publications [11,12] are of particular importance. Maintaining a balanced posture in everyday life is necessary and is usually done without an individual being conscious of it. Interest in the topic was and still is so big that a large part of the literature on physical education is devoted to the problem of measuring balance, which could be called a component of physical fitness. There is a common definition according to which from the mechanical point of view body balance is defined as a state meeting the following conditions: the sum
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