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“Conectados com o passado” “与过去相连”
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.20396/csr.v23i00.14915
Katri Ratia
Os rituais contemporâneos em sítios arqueológicos exibem interpretações concorrentes do passado, futuro e de reivindicações religiosas, identitárias e políticas relacionadas – como encontrado em pesquisas sobre paganismos contemporâneos. Este artigo examina essa ritualidade e construção de tradição entre os participantes da Família Arco-Íris. Após descrever as expressões rituais relacionadas a sítios arqueológicos que são encontradas em um encontro Arco-Íris e como essas expressões se relacionam entre si no quadro da cultura coletiva, o artigo compara o caso Arco-Íris a pesquisas sobre o paganismo. O artigo fornece um exemplo de rituais e narrativas folclóricas elaborados em uma comunidade ”evento-cultural” que reconhece o direito à significação subjetiva. Explica-se como, embora não completamente convergentes, narrativas e práticas ainda podem se relacionar no quadro coletivo sem ser uma ameaça à coesão social ou coerência cultural. No caso Arco-Íris, a demanda por crenças compartilhadas é substituída pela participação em práticas compartilhadas e por uma ampla divisão ideológica que acomoda várias tradições religiosas holísticas alternativas.
考古遗址的当代仪式展示了对过去、未来以及相关的宗教、身份和政治主张的相互竞争的解释——正如当代异教研究中发现的那样。这篇文章考察了这种仪式和传统的构建在彩虹家庭的参与者。在描述了在彩虹会议中发现的与考古遗址相关的仪式表达,以及这些表达在集体文化框架中是如何相互关联的之后,本文将彩虹案例与异教研究进行了比较。这篇文章提供了一个在承认主观意义权利的“事件文化”社区中阐述的仪式和民间叙事的例子。它解释了叙事和实践虽然不是完全融合的,但如何在不威胁社会凝聚力或文化一致性的情况下在集体框架内联系起来。在Arco- iris的案例中,对共同信仰的需求被共同实践的参与和广泛的意识形态分歧所取代,这种分歧容纳了各种不同的整体宗教传统。
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引用次数: 0
Las ruinas arqueológicas de México 墨西哥的考古遗址
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.20396/csr.v23i00.15006
Renée de la Torre, Cristina Gutiérrez Zúñiga
Este artículo da cuenta de los orígenes de las actuales prácticas rituales masivas y espirituales que tienen lugar en dos de los principales sitios arqueológicos de México, Teotihuacán y Chichen-Itzá, elegidos como casos de estudio que muestran pautas comunes y contrastes respecto a la gestión gubernamental del patrimonio y las tensiones generadas entre los distintos actores y distintas lógicas y enfoques involucrados. En Teotihuacán, lugar de eventos claves del nacionalismo cultural, el movimiento cultural de la mexicanidad y el sentido esotérico; y Chichen-Itzá enclavado en la zona maya donde convergieron las redes globales de espiritualidades vinculadas con la Nueva Era con los circuitos de neomexicanidad. Mediante entrevistas y seguimiento bibliográfico a líderes espirituales que han innovado ritualmente con sus proyectos culturales de corte esotérico, newager, de mexicanidad (indianista), de neomexicanidad y de neopaganismo se reconstruyen los distintos proyectos que definieron a las zonas arqueológicas como lugares sagrados en la red de espiritualidad alternativa global. Se pone atención especial a la manera en que las zonas arqueológicas se han convertido en arenas de disputa por el sentido del patrimonio donde convergen distintos agentes (el INAH, UNESCO, agencias turísticas, líderes espirituales de la mexicanidad, indígenas, guardianes de la tradición local y gurús de la Nueva Era) que buscan redefinir y gestionar su memoria, su identidad, su significado y su uso.
本文意识到大规模仪式的起源目前做法和精神有两个主要遗址墨西哥、Teotihuacán Chichen-Itzá,选为案例研究呈现的共同遗产和反差对政府管理和产生的紧张关系涉及的不同行动者之间和不同的逻辑与方法。特奥蒂瓦坎,文化民族主义、墨西哥文化运动和深奥意义的关键事件的发生地;奇琴伊察位于玛雅地区,在那里,与新时代相关的全球灵性网络与新墨西哥的电路融合在一起。通过访谈和书目的后续行动的精神领袖ritualmente没有创新与深奥的文化项目,newager mexicanidad (indianista)、neomexicanidad和neopaganismo重建各项目确定地区发掘作为圣地灵性选择全球网络。变得特别关注如何发掘地区已经成为这个方面的争议不绝遗产的不同角色(人类学、教科文组织、旅游机构、精神领袖,狱警mexicanidad原住民、当地的传统和新时代)寻求重新界定和管理的内存,它的特征,其含义和使用。
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引用次数: 0
Why all these ‘neos’? Why now? 为什么会有这么多“新人”?为什么是现在?
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.20396/csr.v23i00.15077
F. Gauthier
This article starts with a critique of the current mainstream approaches that share the implicit assumptions of what I call the “secularization paradigm”, showing how and why these approaches are ill-suited to understand the importance and constitution of the Neo-Nebula (New Age, Neopaganism, Neo-Indianism, Neo-Shamanism and related phenomena). The article then sets out to sketch the lineaments of the Nation-State to Global-Market model, highlighting the specific characteristics of religion in both regimes. The article follows with a discussion that shows how the characteristics of Neo-Nebula religiosities can all be related to the social conditions created by the neoliberal and consumerist revolution. The analysis concludes by arguing that Neo-Nebula religion participates in the production of a cosmopolitan self that can navigate the ever-fluxing flows of contemporary global capitalism in more or less or in less than more counter-cultural make-ups for predominantly urban, educated, and middle-class publics, while ‘aggrandizing’ and connecting the Self, nature, and the cosmos. The specific focus of this article is on Latin America, in relation to ‘the West’ and global trends. It also includes notes on the question of the “re-enchantment” or (re)appropriation of archaeological sites by the Neo-Nebula.
本文首先对当前的主流研究方法进行了批判,这些方法分享了我所谓的“世俗化范式”的隐含假设,并展示了这些方法如何以及为什么不适合理解新星云的重要性和构成(新时代、新异教、新印度主义、新萨满教和相关现象)。然后,文章开始勾勒出民族国家到全球市场模式的轮廓,强调了两种政权中宗教的具体特征。文章随后讨论了新星云宗教的特征是如何与新自由主义和消费主义革命所创造的社会条件联系起来的。分析的结论是,新星云宗教参与了一个世界主义自我的生产,这个自我可以或多或少地或多或少地以反文化的形式为主要的城市、受过教育的和中产阶级公众导航当代全球资本主义不断变化的流动,同时“夸大”并将自我、自然和宇宙联系起来。本文的重点是拉丁美洲,与“西方”和全球趋势的关系。它还包括关于新星云“重新附魔”或(重新)占用考古遗址的问题的注释。
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引用次数: 4
"Spiritually seeking the Maya" “精神上寻求玛雅”
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.20396/csr.v23i00.15166
Q. Castañeda
This article is a theoretical essay that offers an approach to the study of new age spiritual seeking in general and to the study of New Age Maya spiritualism in particular. The theoretical framework of “spiritual seeking” and “cultic milieu” has been productive, especially regarding the relationship between emergent spiritual technologies of subjectivity, forms of modernity, and capitalist logics of consumerism. This article, however, identifies shortcomings to this research paradigm: It does not provide either the analytical focus or conceptual tools for understanding seeking spirituality through the alterity of other cultures and communities marked by racial-ethnic difference. This article explains the contradictory and confusing use of Maya and Mayan as a point of entry to illustrate the need to attend to transcultural processes and the politics of transculturation. By drawing from established work in the sociology of religion on cult typologies, I offer criteria by which to create an analytical ideal types framework that can both begin to address questions of politics, transcultural exchange, and seeking/community dynamics as well as allow for productive comparison and contrast of different emergent spiritualities and religiosities in the Americas and elsewhere. The first steps toward developing this ideal-types framework is presented by thinking through issues in establishing new age Maya spiritual seeking as objects of study.
本文是一篇理论文章,为研究新时期的精神追求,特别是新时期的玛雅唯心主义提供了一种途径。“精神寻求”和“邪教环境”的理论框架是富有成效的,特别是关于主体性的新兴精神技术、现代性的形式和消费主义的资本主义逻辑之间的关系。然而,这篇文章指出了这种研究范式的缺点:它既没有提供分析重点,也没有提供概念工具来理解通过其他文化和以种族-民族差异为标志的社区的交替来寻求精神。本文解释了玛雅人和玛雅人作为切入点的矛盾和困惑的使用,以说明关注跨文化过程和跨文化政治的必要性。通过借鉴宗教社会学中关于邪教类型学的既定工作,我提供了创建一个分析理想类型框架的标准,该框架既可以开始解决政治、跨文化交流、,以及寻求/社区动态,并允许对美洲和其他地方不同的新兴精神和宗教进行富有成效的比较和对比。通过思考建立新时代玛雅精神追求研究对象的问题,提出了发展这一理想类型框架的第一步。
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引用次数: 0
Ayahuasca 死藤水
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.20396/csr.v23i00.15093
Alhena Caicedo
Bajo la idea de globalización del ayahuasca se caracterizaría espacialmente el fenómeno de expansión del uso del yagé desde Suramérica hacia el resto del mundo. Sin embargo, esa expansión se ha acompañado más recientemente de la configuración de la idea de una comunidad ayahuasquera internacional. Como “comunidad imaginada”, este espacio se produce y se hace socialmente efectivo a través de imágenes, metáforas y prácticas de representación particulares que, considero, requieren ser pensadas. En ese sentido, mi intención en este artículo es explorar algunas características de la producción simbólica que crea y recrea la comunidad ayahuasquera internacional, y ciertos imaginarios poderosos que la conectan con la Amazonia y sus habitantes. Me interesa así mismo, profundizar en la manera en que se referencian los circuitos internacionalizados del ayahuasca, y cómo aparecen lugares emblemáticos que se han convertido en referentes para esta comunidad. A partir de allí intento caracterizar algunos efectos que tiene la globalización del ayahuasca en los países de la cuenca amazónica.
在死藤全球化的思想下,yage的使用从南美扩展到世界其他地方的现象将在空间上被描述。然而,这种扩张最近伴随着一个国际死藤社区的想法的形成。作为一个“想象的社区”,这个空间是通过图像、隐喻和特定的表现实践产生的,并使其具有社会有效性,我认为这些都需要思考。从这个意义上说,我在这篇文章的目的是探索创造和再创造国际死藤社区的象征性生产的一些特征,以及将其与亚马逊及其居民联系起来的某些强大的想象。我也对深化国际化的死藤循环感兴趣,以及标志性的地方是如何成为这个社区的参考点的。在此基础上,我试图描述死藤茶全球化对亚马逊盆地国家的一些影响。
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引用次数: 0
Challenging religious hegemony 挑战宗教霸权
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.20396/csr.v23i00.15067
Z. Petrova
This work applies the theoretical framework of the religious marketplace to examine the religious landscape of Lithuania as a hegemonic field where the dominant Catholicism is regarded as an integral part of the national identity. The research interest aims at exploring the Ethno-Pagan movement Romuva and its strategies to counteract the social authority of the Catholic Church and build legitimacy through maximization of cultural capital. I advance the hypothesis that the ritualized form of the celebration of the spring holiday Jorė could be regarded as an attempt to construct an alternative, counterhegemonic narrative of identity, which portrays a worldview where the ethnical, cultural, natural and political aspects of Lithuanian reality come together to form a comprehensive unity under the guidance of the Ethno-Pagan religion.
这项工作应用宗教市场的理论框架来研究立陶宛的宗教景观,作为一个霸权领域,其中占主导地位的天主教被视为国家认同的一个组成部分。研究兴趣旨在探讨民族异教运动Romuva及其策略,以对抗天主教会的社会权威,并通过最大化的文化资本建立合法性。我提出一种假设,即庆祝春季节日jornik的仪式化形式可以被视为构建另一种反霸权的身份叙事的尝试,它描绘了一种世界观,在这种世界观中,立陶宛现实的种族,文化,自然和政治方面在种族异教的指导下形成了一个全面的统一。
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引用次数: 0
“Connected to the past” “与过去相连”
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.20396/csr.v23i00.14914
Katri Ratia
Contemporary rituals at archaeological sites display competing interpretations of the past, future, and related religious, identitary and political claims—as found in research on contemporary Paganisms. This paper examines such rituality and tradition-building among the Rainbow Family. The article compares the Rainbow case to research on Paganisms, after describing what kind of ritual expressions related to archaeological sites are found in a Rainbow Gathering and how the expressions relate to each other in the frame of the collective culture. The article provides an example of crafted rituals and folkloric narratives in an ‘event-cultural’ community that recognizes the right for subjective signification. It explains how narratives and practices, while not completely convergent, can still relate to each other in the collective frame without being a threat to social cohesion or cultural coherence. In the Rainbow case, a demand for shared beliefs is replaced with participation in the shared practices, and a broad ideological division accommodating various alternative-holistic religious traditions.
考古遗址的当代仪式展示了对过去、未来以及相关宗教、同一主义和政治主张的相互竞争的解释——正如对当代异教徒的研究所发现的那样。本文考察了彩虹家族的这种仪式性和传统建构。本文将彩虹事件与异教徒研究进行了比较,描述了在彩虹聚会中发现的与考古遗址有关的仪式表达,以及这些表达在集体文化框架下是如何相互联系的。这篇文章提供了一个在“事件文化”社区中精心制作的仪式和民俗叙事的例子,该社区承认主观意义的权利。它解释了叙事和实践虽然不完全趋同,但如何在集体框架中相互联系,而不威胁社会凝聚力或文化连贯性。在Rainbow案例中,对共同信仰的需求被参与共同实践和广泛的意识形态分歧所取代,这种意识形态分歧容纳了各种替代的整体宗教传统。
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引用次数: 0
The pilgrimage of french spiritual tourists to the wellsprings of mexican neo-shamanism 法国精神游客到墨西哥新萨满教源泉的朝圣
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.20396/csr.v23i00.15117
Denise Lombardi
In this article, we will analyse a journey dedicated to the discovery of the ‘sources of indigenous knowledge’ undertaken in March 2009 by French people in a country unknown to them: Mexico. More specifically, we will look at their forms of participation in this journey organised by a shaman of Otomi origin called by the vernacular term of Bädi, i.e. “the shaman” in the Otomi language, by his followers. The aim of this trip is to enable them to discover the origins of shamanism, which the organiser links to the history of the indigenous people. In addition to visiting pre-Hispanic archaeological sites, the tour also includes a visit to Otomi country, which is presented as one of the centres of Mexican shamanism.
在这篇文章中,我们将分析2009年3月法国人在一个他们不知道的国家——墨西哥——进行的一次探索“土著知识来源”的旅程。更具体地说,我们将看看他们参与这场旅程的形式,这场旅程是由一位Otomi血统的萨满组织的,他的追随者称之为Bädi的方言术语,即Otomi语中的“萨满”。这次旅行的目的是让他们能够发现萨满教的起源,组织者将其与土著人民的历史联系起来。除了参观前西班牙裔的考古遗址外,这次旅行还包括参观Otomi国家,该国是墨西哥萨满教的中心之一。
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引用次数: 0
The enchantment of archaeological sites and the quest for personal transformation 考古遗址的魅力和对个人转变的追求
Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.20396/csr.v23i00.14912
Yael Dansac
Ethnographical studies increasingly testify the conversion of archaeological sites into places used for a myriad of spiritual purposes associated to the culture of personal transformation. Analyzing data gathered at contemporary spiritual practices held in Carnac, a megalithic site located in northwest France, this article argues that the resignification of ancient places as ‘sacred’ and ‘energetic’ is a strategy to develop and enact inner search and work on the self. Collected data provides understanding on the actor’s conceptualizations and uses given to this place, while also suggesting further inquiries to assess the relations between spirituality, personal transformation and the enchantment of archaeological sites.
民族志研究越来越多地证明,考古遗址被用于与个人转变文化相关的无数精神目的。本文分析了在法国西北部的巨石遗址卡纳克(Carnac)举行的当代精神实践中收集的数据,认为将古代场所重新定义为“神圣的”和“充满活力的”是一种发展和实施内心探索和自我工作的策略。收集的数据提供了对演员的概念化和对这个地方的使用的理解,同时也提出了进一步的调查,以评估灵性,个人转变和考古遗址魅力之间的关系。
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引用次数: 1
Lazer e religião no Sudeste do Brasil 巴西东南部的休闲与宗教
Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.20396/csr.v23i00.14306
A. D. Silva, C. A. Fonseca, Edmur Antônio Stoppa, Hélder Ferreira Isayama
Tendo em vista as relações historicamente estabelecidas entre religião e lazer, e a partir do suporte dos dados da pesquisa “Lazer no Brasil: representações e concretizações das vivências cotidianas”, este artigo busca compreender se a religião interfere nas vivências e desejos relacionados ao lazer de residentes do sudeste brasileiro. Foi possível observar que os compromissos religiosos são encarados como obrigação principalmente nos segmentos evangélicos, sobretudo pelas mulheres. Os dados indicam que o segmento religioso influencia nas atividades realizadas no final de semana. Contudo, o imperativo do trabalho parece direcionar as atividades semanais e as férias. O imaginário das pessoas sobre o que desejam praticar em seu tempo livre ou em suas férias é habitado principalmente pelas atividades turísticas. Os dados apresentados neste estudo exploratório chamam a atenção para questões que merecem aprofundamentos sobre as relações entre a religião e o lazer.
考虑到宗教和休闲之间历史上确立的关系,并基于“巴西的休闲:日常体验的表征和具体化”研究的数据,本文试图了解宗教是否干扰了巴西东南部居民与休闲相关的体验和欲望。可以观察到,宗教承诺主要被视为福音派的一项义务,尤其是妇女。数据表明,宗教部分会影响周末的活动。然而,工作的必要性似乎直接影响了每周的活动和假期。人们对他们想在空闲时间或假期练习什么的想象主要集中在旅游活动中。这项探索性研究中提供的数据引起了人们对宗教和休闲之间关系值得进一步研究的问题的关注。
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引用次数: 0
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Ciencias Sociales y Religion
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