Background: Both bladder cancer and schistosomiasis are endemic in Egypt. The former has a unique epidemiological pattern, which has been linked to bladder infestation by Schistosoma. The last decades have witnessed a great reduction in the infection rate of schistosomiasis and a decline in the incidence and changes in the patterns of bladder cancer. Whether these changes are linked to each other or a co-incidence is a subject of investigations. Method: Literature on epidemiological data of bladder cancer and Schistosoma in Egypt was searched for in Medline, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Furthermore, a hand search for literature and reports released by the Egyptian government and involved agencies was performed. Results: Studies describe an overall reduction in Schistosoma infection rate from 80% in 1920s to 1.2% in 2006. Studies on bladder cancer epidemiology, on the other hand, agree on a decline in incidence and changes in the pattern, but differ in figures describing the magnitude of these changes. Many studies tried to ling the changes in Schistosoma and bladder cancer patterns. The evidence for this link, however, seems to be insufficient for a cause-and-effect relationship. Conclusion: The relationship between the reduction in schistosomiasis infection rate and the changes in bladder-cancer epidemiological pattern in Egypt cannot be overlooked, but needs to be proved by more reliable evidence like prospective studies that include local health facilities and tertiary cancer centers. Objective: explore the possible cause-and-effect relationship between the changes in Schistosoma infection rates and incidence and patterns of bladder cancer in Egypt.
{"title":"Time-Trend Analysis of Bladder Cancer and its Association with Bilhariziasis in Egypt","authors":"S. Muter","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.496","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Both bladder cancer and schistosomiasis are endemic in Egypt. The former has a unique epidemiological pattern, which has been linked to bladder infestation by Schistosoma. The last decades have witnessed a great reduction in the infection rate of schistosomiasis and a decline in the incidence and changes in the patterns of bladder cancer. Whether these changes are linked to each other or a co-incidence is a subject of investigations.\u0000Method: Literature on epidemiological data of bladder cancer and Schistosoma in Egypt was searched for in Medline, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Furthermore, a hand search for literature and reports released by the Egyptian government and involved agencies was performed.\u0000Results: Studies describe an overall reduction in Schistosoma infection rate from 80% in 1920s to 1.2% in 2006. Studies on bladder cancer epidemiology, on the other hand, agree on a decline in incidence and changes in the pattern, but differ in figures describing the magnitude of these changes. Many studies tried to ling the changes in Schistosoma and bladder cancer patterns. The evidence for this link, however, seems to be insufficient for a cause-and-effect relationship.\u0000Conclusion: The relationship between the reduction in schistosomiasis infection rate and the changes in bladder-cancer epidemiological pattern in Egypt cannot be overlooked, but needs to be proved by more reliable evidence like prospective studies that include local health facilities and tertiary cancer centers.\u0000Objective: explore the possible cause-and-effect relationship between the changes in Schistosoma infection rates and incidence and patterns of bladder cancer in Egypt.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44099548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Background: Diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening disease. Global prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing rapidly providing a worrying indication and major threat to global health unless interventions are created through community awareness and knowledge regarding different aspect of DM. Aims: To assess the level of awareness regarding diabetes risk factors, prevention and management among community members in Baqubah city and to identify any association between awareness level and some variables. Methods: Across sectional study was carried out from the 1st of January - 30th of November 2019 in all primary health care centers (six centers) in center of Baqubah city. A convenient sample of 400 participants who attended the health centers during the study period and eligible to inclusion criteria were included. Data were collected vie direct interview with a structural questionnaire that include personal data, questions regarding knowledge, regard diabetes definition, prevention, risk factor, management and control. Results: Good diabetes awareness were reported among 50% of studied. A significant statistical association were found between good awareness and age of 20-30years, more than secondary school education, high family income and positive family history of diabetes with the following (52, 34, 35 & 68) % respectively. Conclusion: Good diabetes awareness was dominant and was significantly associated with middle age group, higher education and positive family history of diabetes. an educational health programs that tackles area of weakness about awareness of diabetes mellitus need to be implemented on the governmental level.
{"title":"Awareness Regarding Diabetes Risk Factors, Prevention and Management among Community Members in Diyala/Baqubah","authors":"Rania Ayad Abdul Karim, H. Habib","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.272","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Background: Diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening disease. Global prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing rapidly providing a worrying indication and major threat to global health unless interventions are created through community awareness and knowledge regarding different aspect of DM.\u0000Aims: To assess the level of awareness regarding diabetes risk factors, prevention and management among community members in Baqubah city and to identify any association between awareness level and some variables.\u0000Methods: Across sectional study was carried out from the 1st of January - 30th of November 2019 in all primary health care centers (six centers) in center of Baqubah city. A convenient sample of 400 participants who attended the health centers during the study period and eligible to inclusion criteria were included. Data were collected vie direct interview with a structural questionnaire that include personal data, questions regarding knowledge, regard diabetes definition, prevention, risk factor, management and control.\u0000Results: Good diabetes awareness were reported among 50% of studied. A significant statistical association were found between good awareness and age of 20-30years, more than secondary school education, high family income and positive family history of diabetes with the following (52, 34, 35 & 68) % respectively.\u0000Conclusion: Good diabetes awareness was dominant and was significantly associated with middle age group, higher education and positive family history of diabetes. an educational health programs that tackles area of weakness about awareness of diabetes mellitus need to be implemented on the governmental level.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47685427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olim Zaribovich Akramov, Davron Bahtiyarovich Kadirov, L. Nazarova
Tuberculosis continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with an estimated annual incidence of 10.4 million worldwide. It has been estimated that 10% of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis have musculoskeletal involvement, with the spine being the most common. Spinal tuberculosis (TB) accounts for 50% of cases of musculoskeletal tuberculosis. Spinal tuberculosis is the result of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is a secondary infection, the primary lesion of which is in the lungs, genitourinary system, or gastrointestinal tract and can be active or latent. Involvement of the vertebral segment is the result of hematogenous spread of infection along the arterial pathway or Batson's vein plexus, lymphatic spread, or direct invasion from adjacent internal organs. Computed tomography (CT) is better suited for assessing the extent of the lesion when contrast is used to enhance granulomatous tissues and abscesses, but exposes the patient to high radiation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect changes that occur in the early stages of the disease. WHO has suggested that any extrapulmonary tuberculosis should require sputum examination and chest x-ray, as there is a high risk of pulmonary infection. Thus, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the main modalities for detecting tuberculous spondylitis.
{"title":"Spinal Tuberculosis in Children","authors":"Olim Zaribovich Akramov, Davron Bahtiyarovich Kadirov, L. Nazarova","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.790","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with an estimated annual incidence of 10.4 million worldwide. It has been estimated that 10% of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis have musculoskeletal involvement, with the spine being the most common. Spinal tuberculosis (TB) accounts for 50% of cases of musculoskeletal tuberculosis. \u0000Spinal tuberculosis is the result of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is a secondary infection, the primary lesion of which is in the lungs, genitourinary system, or gastrointestinal tract and can be active or latent. Involvement of the vertebral segment is the result of hematogenous spread of infection along the arterial pathway or Batson's vein plexus, lymphatic spread, or direct invasion from adjacent internal organs. \u0000Computed tomography (CT) is better suited for assessing the extent of the lesion when contrast is used to enhance granulomatous tissues and abscesses, but exposes the patient to high radiation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect changes that occur in the early stages of the disease. WHO has suggested that any extrapulmonary tuberculosis should require sputum examination and chest x-ray, as there is a high risk of pulmonary infection. Thus, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the main modalities for detecting tuberculous spondylitis. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49059069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the commonest chronic disorders worldwide with a rapid rise in prevalence. In Iraq its prevalence is high especially in elderly age group. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have higher vulnerability for complications, whether microvascular or macrovascular. Ocular complications are common in diabetes mellitus, and comprise diabetic retinopathy, diabetic papillopathy, cataract, glaucoma, dry eye disease and diabetic keratopathy. Diabetic keratopathy involves endothelial and epithelial tissues of the cornea, leading to persistent epithelial defect, corneal erosion, or corneal ulcers. Aim of the Study: To compare the mean corneal endothelial cell count between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetics. Subjects and Methods: This is a case-control study conducted in Ibn Al Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital – Baghdad and included 249 participants, 125 cases with type 2 diabetes and 124 controls who had no diabetes. Endothelial cell count was measured for 1 eye of each participant using TOPCON® SP-3000P microscope. Patients who had diabetes for less than 5 years, and patients who had previous ocular surgery, injury or disorders were excluded. Results: There was a significant difference in endothelial cell count between cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus and controls; P = 0.001. There was also a significant negative correlation between age and endothelial cell count, R = -0.20, P = 0.002. Similarly, there was a significant negative correlation between duration of diabetes mellitus and endothelial cell count, R = -0.44, P < 0.001. Conclusions: Type 2 diabetes mellitus causes significant reduction in mean corneal endothelial cell count. There is also a negative correlation between corneal endothelial cell count and both age and duration of the disease.
{"title":"Comparative Study on the Corneal Endothelial Cell Count between Type 2 Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients","authors":"M. G. AnNasseh, Saif Ibrahim Raheem, G. Neamah","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.799","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the commonest chronic disorders worldwide with a rapid rise in prevalence. In Iraq its prevalence is high especially in elderly age group. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have higher vulnerability for complications, whether microvascular or macrovascular. Ocular complications are common in diabetes mellitus, and comprise diabetic retinopathy, diabetic papillopathy, cataract, glaucoma, dry eye disease and diabetic keratopathy. Diabetic keratopathy involves endothelial and epithelial tissues of the cornea, leading to persistent epithelial defect, corneal erosion, or corneal ulcers.\u0000Aim of the Study: To compare the mean corneal endothelial cell count between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetics.\u0000Subjects and Methods: This is a case-control study conducted in Ibn Al Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital – Baghdad and included 249 participants, 125 cases with type 2 diabetes and 124 controls who had no diabetes. Endothelial cell count was measured for 1 eye of each participant using TOPCON® SP-3000P microscope. Patients who had diabetes for less than 5 years, and patients who had previous ocular surgery, injury or disorders were excluded.\u0000Results: There was a significant difference in endothelial cell count between cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus and controls; P = 0.001. There was also a significant negative correlation between age and endothelial cell count, R = -0.20, P = 0.002. Similarly, there was a significant negative correlation between duration of diabetes mellitus and endothelial cell count, R = -0.44, P < 0.001.\u0000Conclusions: Type 2 diabetes mellitus causes significant reduction in mean corneal endothelial cell count. There is also a negative correlation between corneal endothelial cell count and both age and duration of the disease.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41315521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parasitic diseases can affect infection with COVID-19 obviously, as protective agents, or by reducing severity of this viral infection. This current review mentions the common symptoms between human parasites and symptoms of COVID-19, and explains the mechanism actions of parasites, which may prevent or reduce severity of this viral infection. Pre-existing parasitic infections provide prohibition against pathogenicity of COVID-19, by altering the balance of gut microbiota that can vary the immune response to this virus infection.
{"title":"Potential Influence of Parasitic Diseases as Protective Agents from Infection with Pandemic COVID-19","authors":"Israa Mohammad Abd AL-Khaliq","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.818","url":null,"abstract":"Parasitic diseases can affect infection with COVID-19 obviously, as protective agents, or by reducing severity of this viral infection. This current review mentions the common symptoms between human parasites and symptoms of COVID-19, and explains the mechanism actions of parasites, which may prevent or reduce severity of this viral infection. Pre-existing parasitic infections provide prohibition against pathogenicity of COVID-19, by altering the balance of gut microbiota that can vary the immune response to this virus infection. ","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44489285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Insulin resistance is a fundamental feature of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases and contributes to many of the metabolic syndrome's abnormalities. It is defined as a subnormal reaction to normal insulin concentrations or a situation in which greater than normal insulin concentrations are necessary for normal response.
{"title":"Surrogates Markers of Insulin Resistance","authors":"E. Hameed, Laith Thamer Al-Ameri","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.837","url":null,"abstract":"Insulin resistance is a fundamental feature of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases and contributes to many of the metabolic syndrome's abnormalities. It is defined as a subnormal reaction to normal insulin concentrations or a situation in which greater than normal insulin concentrations are necessary for normal response.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42233183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Muhi, A. Kamal, S. Dawood, T. F. Kareem, Rasha Thameen Thameen Fakhri, Zaid Al-Attar
Background: Axillary lymph node (ALN) enlargement with diffuse cortical thickening and conserved echogenic hilum may represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Sonographic strain elastography may help the characterization of borderline ALN. Aim: To evaluate the strain elastography of borderline ALN and to calculate a cutoff value of strain ratio (SR) that can identify suspicious ALN with the highest sensitivity and specificity to reduce unnecessary invasive procedures. Subjects and Methods: A prospective study included 45 patients who attended the Breast clinic in Oncology Teaching Hospital with borderline axillary lymphadenopathy (intact hilum and diffusely thickened cortex more than 3mm) who had normal ipsilateral breast, suspicious ipsilateral breast lesion, or who had ipsilateral mastectomy. B-mode sonography and elastography were performed for all participants. Four-point elasticity score (ES), and SR were obtained for the targeted lymph node followed by ultrasound-guided fine need aspirate (FNA) biopsy.. Results: Malignant ALN constituted 20% of the cohort. B mode measurements were not able to differentiate between cytologically confirmed benign and malignant ALN in terms of axis ratio (mean ± standard deviation, 0.46 ± 0.08 vs 0.50 ± 0.12) and cortical thickness (4.88 ± 1.93 vs 6.27 ± 2.46). The mean SR of all samples was 2.66 ± 2.25. Metastatic ALN depicted significantly higher SR (P<0.0001), with 88.9% exhibiting ES score 3 and 4. None of the metastatic ALN had ES score 1. ROC curve was used to investigate the utility of SR as a diagnostic tool. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.906 with a 95% CI of 0.814-0.997, P<0.001. SR cutoff of 2.1 was chosen with 100% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity. Conclusion: High proportion of borderline ALNs are not malignant. Strain elasticity can improve the risk stratification of such cases and prevent unnecessary invasive procedures. We suggested an algorithm that could better tackle borderline ALN which will need further evaluation
背景：腋窝淋巴结（ALN）肿大伴弥漫性皮质增厚和保守的回声门可能是诊断和治疗的挑战。超声应变弹性成像可能有助于边界ALN的表征。目的：评估边界ALN的应变弹性成像，并计算应变比（SR）的临界值，该值可以以最高的灵敏度和特异性识别可疑ALN，以减少不必要的侵入性手术。受试者和方法：一项前瞻性研究纳入了45名在肿瘤教学医院乳腺诊所就诊的边缘腋窝淋巴结病患者（门完整，皮质弥漫性增厚超过3mm），他们的同侧乳腺正常，同侧乳腺病变可疑，或进行了同侧乳房切除术。对所有参与者进行了B型超声和弹性成像。获得目标淋巴结的四点弹性评分（ES）和SR，然后进行超声引导的细针穿刺（FNA）活检。。结果：恶性ALN占队列的20%。B型测量无法在轴比（平均值±标准差，0.46±0.08 vs 0.50±0.12）和皮质厚度（4.88±1.93 vs 6.27±2.46）方面区分细胞学证实的良性和恶性ALN。所有样本的平均SR为2.66±2.25。转移性ALN的SR明显更高（P＜0.0001），88.9%的患者ES评分为3和4。转移性ALN的ES评分均为1。ROC曲线用于研究SR作为诊断工具的效用。曲线下面积（AUC）为0.906，95%CI为0.814-0.997，P<0.001。选择2.1的SR临界值具有100%的敏感性和66.7%的特异性。结论：高比例的交界性ALN不是恶性的。应变弹性可以改善此类病例的风险分层，并防止不必要的侵入性手术。我们提出了一种算法，可以更好地处理需要进一步评估的边界ALN
{"title":"The Role of Strain Elastography in Evaluating Borderline Axillary Lymph nodes","authors":"A. Muhi, A. Kamal, S. Dawood, T. F. Kareem, Rasha Thameen Thameen Fakhri, Zaid Al-Attar","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.692","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Axillary lymph node (ALN) enlargement with diffuse cortical thickening and conserved echogenic hilum may represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Sonographic strain elastography may help the characterization of borderline ALN. \u0000Aim: To evaluate the strain elastography of borderline ALN and to calculate a cutoff value of strain ratio (SR) that can identify suspicious ALN with the highest sensitivity and specificity to reduce unnecessary invasive procedures. \u0000Subjects and Methods: A prospective study included 45 patients who attended the Breast clinic in Oncology Teaching Hospital with borderline axillary lymphadenopathy (intact hilum and diffusely thickened cortex more than 3mm) who had normal ipsilateral breast, suspicious ipsilateral breast lesion, or who had ipsilateral mastectomy. B-mode sonography and elastography were performed for all participants. Four-point elasticity score (ES), and SR were obtained for the targeted lymph node followed by ultrasound-guided fine need aspirate (FNA) biopsy..\u0000Results: Malignant ALN constituted 20% of the cohort. B mode measurements were not able to differentiate between cytologically confirmed benign and malignant ALN in terms of axis ratio (mean ± standard deviation, 0.46 ± 0.08 vs 0.50 ± 0.12) and cortical thickness (4.88 ± 1.93 vs 6.27 ± 2.46). The mean SR of all samples was 2.66 ± 2.25. Metastatic ALN depicted significantly higher SR (P<0.0001), with 88.9% exhibiting ES score 3 and 4. None of the metastatic ALN had ES score 1. ROC curve was used to investigate the utility of SR as a diagnostic tool. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.906 with a 95% CI of 0.814-0.997, P<0.001. SR cutoff of 2.1 was chosen with 100% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity.\u0000Conclusion: High proportion of borderline ALNs are not malignant. Strain elasticity can improve the risk stratification of such cases and prevent unnecessary invasive procedures. We suggested an algorithm that could better tackle borderline ALN which will need further evaluation","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45347393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kholod Dhaher Habib, Z. Jaber, Abbas Abboud Hassan
Background: There are so many evidences that there was antimicrobial resistance, and there were many strains that emerged which were difficult to treat. We are living in a situation that the dissemination of multiple drug resistant bacteria can lead us to the situation, in which no treatment could be offered for bacterial infection in future. Aim of study: Assessment of nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practices on antibiotic use and resistance in Fatima Al Zahra hospital in Baghdad. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study. The study was carried on from 1st of February to 31st of March 2021. A questionnaire was constructed by the research team based on literature review and was adapted to assess the nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practices on antibiotic use and resistance in Fatima Al Zahra hospital. The adopted questions were mainly based on previous studies carried out in Lebanon, and Ethiopia. It was piloted among 10 nurses. The questionnaire was further revised by the research team. The final questionnaire contained 26 questions on the following: Demographics characteristics (5 questions), Knowledge of antibiotics (7 questions), Attitude towards antibiotic use (7 questions); and practice with regards to antibiotic use (7 questions). Analysis plan: IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) Statistics version 21 Multilingual and Microsoft Excel 2010 were used to analyze the data. The frequencies were stated first then Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to investigate the association. The p-value less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: One hundred and eight nurses participated in this study, of whom 101 (93.5%) were female, 31(28.7%) of participants at the age group of (18-27) years, 33(30.6%) were at the age group of (28-37) years, with mean age 26± 0.54 SD. Regarding the highest qualification, 41(38%) graduated from the high school of nursing, 35(32.4%) graduated from the midwife school. About 46(42.6%) of the participants were working in pediatric words, and 23(21.3%) were working in gynecology and obstetrics (Gyn & Obs) words. There was gap in the knowledge especially in nurses who had lowest qualification: 44(40%), of them believe that using antibiotic in cold can speed recovery and 41 (38%) believe that antibiotic can cure viral infections, and 42(38.9%), of them consider that newer and more costly antibiotics affect better. Conclusion: There was a gap in nurse’s knowledge, and practice, towards the antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance, the Current work place was the most effective factor in this gap.
背景：有很多证据表明存在耐药性，并且出现了许多难以治疗的菌株。我们生活在一种情况下，多种耐药细菌的传播可能会导致我们陷入这样的境地，即未来无法为细菌感染提供治疗。研究目的：评估巴格达Fatima Al-Zahra医院护士对抗生素使用和耐药性的知识、态度和实践。受试者和方法：横断面研究。该研究于2021年2月1日至3月31日进行。研究小组根据文献综述编制了一份问卷，用于评估Fatima Al-Zahra医院护士对抗生素使用和耐药性的知识、态度和做法。所通过的问题主要基于先前在黎巴嫩和埃塞俄比亚进行的研究。它在10名护士中进行了试点。研究小组对问卷进行了进一步修订。最终问卷包含26个问题：人口学特征（5个问题）、抗生素知识（7个问题）和对抗生素使用的态度（7个问）；以及关于抗生素使用的实践（7个问题）。分析计划：使用IBM SPSS（社会科学统计软件包）Statistics version 21 Multilingual和Microsoft Excel 2010对数据进行分析。首先说明频率，然后使用卡方检验和Fisher精确检验来研究这种关联。p值小于0.05被认为是显著的。结果：108名护士参与了这项研究，其中101名（93.5%）为女性，31名（28.7%）为（18-27）岁年龄组，33名（30.6%）为（28-37）岁年龄段，平均年龄为26±0.54 SD。在最高学历方面，41名（38%）毕业于护理高中，35名（32.4%）毕业于助产士学校。约46名（42.6%）参与者从事儿科词汇工作，23名（21.3%）参与者从事妇产科词汇工作。在知识方面存在差距，尤其是资质最低的护士：44人（40%）认为在感冒时使用抗生素可以加快康复，41人（38%）认为抗生素可以治愈病毒感染，42人（38.9%）认为更新、更昂贵的抗生素效果更好。结论：护士在抗生素使用和耐药性方面的知识和实践存在差距，目前的工作场所是造成这一差距的最有效因素。
{"title":"Assessment of Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antibiotic Use and Resistance in Baghdad: A single-hospital study","authors":"Kholod Dhaher Habib, Z. Jaber, Abbas Abboud Hassan","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.385","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There are so many evidences that there was antimicrobial resistance, and there were many strains that emerged which were difficult to treat. We are living in a situation that the dissemination of multiple drug resistant bacteria can lead us to the situation, in which no treatment could be offered for bacterial infection in future.\u0000Aim of study: Assessment of nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practices on antibiotic use and resistance in Fatima Al Zahra hospital in Baghdad.\u0000Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study. The study was carried on from 1st of February to 31st of March 2021. A questionnaire was constructed by the research team based on literature review and was adapted to assess the nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practices on antibiotic use and resistance in Fatima Al Zahra hospital. The adopted questions were mainly based on previous studies carried out in Lebanon, and Ethiopia. It was piloted among 10 nurses. The questionnaire was further revised by the research team. The final questionnaire contained 26 questions on the following: Demographics characteristics (5 questions), Knowledge of antibiotics (7 questions), Attitude towards antibiotic use (7 questions); and practice with regards to antibiotic use (7 questions). Analysis plan: IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) Statistics version 21 Multilingual and Microsoft Excel 2010 were used to analyze the data. The frequencies were stated first then Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to investigate the association. The p-value less than 0.05 were considered significant.\u0000Results: One hundred and eight nurses participated in this study, of whom 101 (93.5%) were female, 31(28.7%) of participants at the age group of (18-27) years, 33(30.6%) were at the age group of (28-37) years, with mean age 26± 0.54 SD. Regarding the highest qualification, 41(38%) graduated from the high school of nursing, 35(32.4%) graduated from the midwife school. About 46(42.6%) of the participants were working in pediatric words, and 23(21.3%) were working in gynecology and obstetrics (Gyn & Obs) words. There was gap in the knowledge especially in nurses who had lowest qualification: 44(40%), of them believe that using antibiotic in cold can speed recovery and 41 (38%) believe that antibiotic can cure viral infections, and 42(38.9%), of them consider that newer and more costly antibiotics affect better.\u0000Conclusion: There was a gap in nurse’s knowledge, and practice, towards the antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance, the Current work place was the most effective factor in this gap.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47235945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by Babesia microti. We present a case of false positive HIV in the setting of confirmed babesiosis infection. An understanding that patients with babesiosis can have a false positive HIV test result is important in management decisions.
{"title":"A serology conundrum – HIV infection in acute babesiosis infection could merely be a false positive result","authors":"Rand Hindosh, E. Ernst, J. Kamau, Steven Cardio","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.280","url":null,"abstract":"Babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by Babesia microti. We present a case of false positive HIV in the setting of confirmed babesiosis infection. An understanding that patients with babesiosis can have a false positive HIV test result is important in management decisions.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41528845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marwa Majeed Hameed, A. Rasheed, Furkaan Majeed Hameed
Background: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is an idiopathic condition aggravated by exogenous or endogenous glucocorticoids. Vascular deregulation in the choroid is a new hypothesis regarding central serous chorioretinopathy occurrence. The inhibition of choroidal mineralocorticoid receptors has a great role in shortening the duration of CSCR by inhibiting choroidal vasodilatation and leak. Objective: To assess the effect of oral spironolactone on subretinal fluid, central macular thickness and visual acuity in patients with acute CSCR compared to observation. Subjects and Methods: a hospital based, randomized clinical trial carried out at outpatient clinic in Ibn-Alhaitham Teaching Eye Hospital/ Baghdad, enrolling 60 patients with acute unilateral CSCR, allocated randomly (every other patient) to either receiving spironolactone 25 mg orally, twice daily for 2 months (30 patients) or observation only (30 patients). The follow-up included visual acuity measurement, central macular thickness and subretinal fluid height examinations by ocular coherence tomography (OCT) at one- and two-months post enrollment for all patients. Results: Complete absorption of subretinal fluid was observed in 21(70%) of the eyes in the treatment group and in 6(20%) in the control group at two-months. Visual acuity and mean macular thickness improved significantly in both groups at the one- and two- months, mean changes was larger in treatment group compared to control group at the two-month-follow up endpoint. Conclusion: Oral spironolactone imparted greater improvement in central macular thickness and faster resolution of sub retinal fluid in patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy versus observation.
{"title":"Possible role of Spironolactone in a sample of Iraqi patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy","authors":"Marwa Majeed Hameed, A. Rasheed, Furkaan Majeed Hameed","doi":"10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.668","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is an idiopathic condition aggravated by exogenous or endogenous glucocorticoids. Vascular deregulation in the choroid is a new hypothesis regarding central serous chorioretinopathy occurrence. The inhibition of choroidal mineralocorticoid receptors has a great role in shortening the duration of CSCR by inhibiting choroidal vasodilatation and leak.\u0000Objective: To assess the effect of oral spironolactone on subretinal fluid, central macular thickness and visual acuity in patients with acute CSCR compared to observation.\u0000Subjects and Methods: a hospital based, randomized clinical trial carried out at outpatient clinic in Ibn-Alhaitham Teaching Eye Hospital/ Baghdad, enrolling 60 patients with acute unilateral CSCR, allocated randomly (every other patient) to either receiving spironolactone 25 mg orally, twice daily for 2 months (30 patients) or observation only (30 patients). The follow-up included visual acuity measurement, central macular thickness and subretinal fluid height examinations by ocular coherence tomography (OCT) at one- and two-months post enrollment for all patients.\u0000Results: Complete absorption of subretinal fluid was observed in 21(70%) of the eyes in the treatment group and in 6(20%) in the control group at two-months. Visual acuity and mean macular thickness improved significantly in both groups at the one- and two- months, mean changes was larger in treatment group compared to control group at the two-month-follow up endpoint.\u0000Conclusion: Oral spironolactone imparted greater improvement in central macular thickness and faster resolution of sub retinal fluid in patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy versus observation.","PeriodicalId":34748,"journal":{"name":"mjlh klyh Tb lkndy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48063136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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