Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.22378/he.2023-8-1.94-111
Svetlana V. Suslova, Larisa N. Donina
The article is devoted to the history of the formation of the ethnospecific jewelry of the Kazan Tatars – a collar clasp-necklace called yaka chylbyry. This piece of jewelry in its classic look had formed by the early-middle 19th century. However, the artistic image of the constituent elements of this multicomponent product, as well as the techniques of its manufacture, go back to medieval traditions. The publication focuses on an earlier constructive analogue of the yaka chylbyry – a clasp for a woman's camisole in the shape of double sheep larvae. The functional reorientation – the use of a clasp for a doublet as a collar clasp-necklace occurred at the turn of the 18th–19th centuries. The ram's face is considered by the authors as a result of the historical transformation of the "scarab" image typical for Russian caftan fasteners of the 16th–19th centuries. Echoes of the stylized motif of the ram can be seen on the classic yaka chylbyry up to the early-middle of the 20th century.
{"title":"Tatar clasp-necklace yaka chylbyry: questions of genesis and ethno-cultural interrelations","authors":"Svetlana V. Suslova, Larisa N. Donina","doi":"10.22378/he.2023-8-1.94-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/he.2023-8-1.94-111","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the history of the formation of the ethnospecific jewelry of the Kazan Tatars – a collar clasp-necklace called yaka chylbyry. This piece of jewelry in its classic look had formed by the early-middle 19th century. However, the artistic image of the constituent elements of this multicomponent product, as well as the techniques of its manufacture, go back to medieval traditions. The publication focuses on an earlier constructive analogue of the yaka chylbyry – a clasp for a woman's camisole in the shape of double sheep larvae. The functional reorientation – the use of a clasp for a doublet as a collar clasp-necklace occurred at the turn of the 18th–19th centuries. The ram's face is considered by the authors as a result of the historical transformation of the \"scarab\" image typical for Russian caftan fasteners of the 16th–19th centuries. Echoes of the stylized motif of the ram can be seen on the classic yaka chylbyry up to the early-middle of the 20th century.","PeriodicalId":34778,"journal":{"name":"Istoricheskaia etnologiia","volume":"98 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135459904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.22378/he.2023-8-1.63-71
Dzhumadurdy S. Annaorazov, Dovlet P. Kossekov
The authors of the article explore the Turkmen people’s contribution to the Victory of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War at the front and in the rear. It describes the great heroism and valiant courage of the soldiers of Turkmenistan. They were among the first to defend the country, covering their names with the unfading glory of the feat on the fronts. It is shown how every resident, young and old, brought the Great Victory closer with every minute of his selfless work. It is emphasized that many Turkmen families, understanding and accepting the responsibility of the fatefulness of saving the country and family, sent all men of draft age to the front. In one of these families, all 11 sons went to the front. These are the greatest examples of the fact that the victory of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War became possible only owing to consolidation of the spirit and faith in a righteous cause, the unity of the army and the people, the military brotherhood and mutual assistance of the Soviet Union peoples, heroism, courageб and selfless service of Soviet soldiers to their Fatherland.
{"title":"The feat of Tagan Uzbek – village worker, the father of eleven hero sons","authors":"Dzhumadurdy S. Annaorazov, Dovlet P. Kossekov","doi":"10.22378/he.2023-8-1.63-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/he.2023-8-1.63-71","url":null,"abstract":"The authors of the article explore the Turkmen people’s contribution to the Victory of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War at the front and in the rear. It describes the great heroism and valiant courage of the soldiers of Turkmenistan. They were among the first to defend the country, covering their names with the unfading glory of the feat on the fronts. It is shown how every resident, young and old, brought the Great Victory closer with every minute of his selfless work. It is emphasized that many Turkmen families, understanding and accepting the responsibility of the fatefulness of saving the country and family, sent all men of draft age to the front. In one of these families, all 11 sons went to the front. These are the greatest examples of the fact that the victory of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War became possible only owing to consolidation of the spirit and faith in a righteous cause, the unity of the army and the people, the military brotherhood and mutual assistance of the Soviet Union peoples, heroism, courageб and selfless service of Soviet soldiers to their Fatherland.","PeriodicalId":34778,"journal":{"name":"Istoricheskaia etnologiia","volume":"62 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135460840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.22378/he.2023-8-1.47-62
Hüseyin I. Çiçek
In recent years, various empirical qualitative studies on Alevi traditions have been conducted in Turkey. In these interviews, individuals belonging to the Alevi faith community have shared various Alevi narratives about God and creation and the transmission of just order and norms. Based on these narratives, this article undertakes the task of presenting the origin myths of Alevi law in the present and analyzing them. Likewise, this article attempts to read and analyze Alevi law in the context of the German and Austrian law.
{"title":"Alevi narratives on Authority, Genealogy and Law","authors":"Hüseyin I. Çiçek","doi":"10.22378/he.2023-8-1.47-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/he.2023-8-1.47-62","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, various empirical qualitative studies on Alevi traditions have been conducted in Turkey. In these interviews, individuals belonging to the Alevi faith community have shared various Alevi narratives about God and creation and the transmission of just order and norms. Based on these narratives, this article undertakes the task of presenting the origin myths of Alevi law in the present and analyzing them. Likewise, this article attempts to read and analyze Alevi law in the context of the German and Austrian law.","PeriodicalId":34778,"journal":{"name":"Istoricheskaia etnologiia","volume":"51 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135460839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22378/he.2022-7-1.161-173
Ismail A. Kerim
The article shows the efforts of Ismail Gasprinsky to open a newspaper in the Tatar language in the late 1870s – early 1880s. On the basis of archival materials, official appeals of I. Gasprinsky to various state institutions, it is shown how much time and effort this process took. It is also said that I. Gasprinsky himself began publishing his first articles on the pages of the periodical press back in 1875. It is emphasized that the newspaper «Tarjeman», which had a tremendous impact on the lives not only of the Crimean Tatars, but also of all Muslim peoples of the Russian Empire, was under the vigilant supervision of the official bodies of tsarist Russia from the very first days of its existence.
{"title":"What do the archival materials concerning the newspaper “Tarjeman” show?","authors":"Ismail A. Kerim","doi":"10.22378/he.2022-7-1.161-173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/he.2022-7-1.161-173","url":null,"abstract":"The article shows the efforts of Ismail Gasprinsky to open a newspaper in the Tatar language in the late 1870s – early 1880s. On the basis of archival materials, official appeals of I. Gasprinsky to various state institutions, it is shown how much time and effort this process took. It is also said that I. Gasprinsky himself began publishing his first articles on the pages of the periodical press back in 1875. It is emphasized that the newspaper «Tarjeman», which had a tremendous impact on the lives not only of the Crimean Tatars, but also of all Muslim peoples of the Russian Empire, was under the vigilant supervision of the official bodies of tsarist Russia from the very first days of its existence.","PeriodicalId":34778,"journal":{"name":"Istoricheskaia etnologiia","volume":"47 42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68345739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22378/he.2022-7-2.221-227
O. Erokhina
Based on the analysis of the letters from German colonists to the German-language newspaper Die Welt-Post, published in Lincoln in the United States, the article brings to light the colonists’ perception of socio-economic and political events in the Volga colonies in the early 1920s. The study of letters made it possible to show the scale of the tragedy and the attitude of Germans to what was happening. The author identifies several problems that worried them: deficit of foodstuff or clothing which was compensated for by selling or exchanging their belongings. In addition, they experienced a certain information vacuum which they wanted to fill through books, magazines and newspapers received from relatives and friends.
{"title":"Famine in the Volga region of the 1920s through the eyes of German colonists","authors":"O. Erokhina","doi":"10.22378/he.2022-7-2.221-227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/he.2022-7-2.221-227","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the analysis of the letters from German colonists to the German-language newspaper Die Welt-Post, published in Lincoln in the United States, the article brings to light the colonists’ perception of socio-economic and political events in the Volga colonies in the early 1920s. The study of letters made it possible to show the scale of the tragedy and the attitude of Germans to what was happening. The author identifies several problems that worried them: deficit of foodstuff or clothing which was compensated for by selling or exchanging their belongings. In addition, they experienced a certain information vacuum which they wanted to fill through books, magazines and newspapers received from relatives and friends.","PeriodicalId":34778,"journal":{"name":"Istoricheskaia etnologiia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68346480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22378/he.2022-7-3.352-358
Z. Kurbanova
The article precedes a special section of the issue devoted to the traditions, culture, and occupations of the Karakalpaks in line with the increasingly emerging environmental crisis and globalization processes. According to the authors of the articles (Z.I. Kurbanova, M.A. Karlybaev, M.M. Davletiyarov, M.B. Utebaev, T.R. Zhabbarbergenov, G.M. Khozhaniyazov), such aspects of traditional culture as agrarian relations, generic structure, etiquette, monuments of tombstone architecture, terminology related to youth remain in the focus of the modern Karakalpakstan ethnological studies.
{"title":"Introduction (to the Special topic of the issue: Modern Ethnological Research in Karakalpakstan)","authors":"Z. Kurbanova","doi":"10.22378/he.2022-7-3.352-358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/he.2022-7-3.352-358","url":null,"abstract":"The article precedes a special section of the issue devoted to the traditions, culture, and occupations of the Karakalpaks in line with the increasingly emerging environmental crisis and globalization processes. According to the authors of the articles (Z.I. Kurbanova, M.A. Karlybaev, M.M. Davletiyarov, M.B. Utebaev, T.R. Zhabbarbergenov, G.M. Khozhaniyazov), such aspects of traditional culture as agrarian relations, generic structure, etiquette, monuments of tombstone architecture, terminology related to youth remain in the focus of the modern Karakalpakstan ethnological studies.","PeriodicalId":34778,"journal":{"name":"Istoricheskaia etnologiia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68347009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22378/he.2022-7-2.294-306
S. Atdaev
Traditional toys and various handcrafted items constitute an important part of the children’s world. Toys are not just fun, but also an important element in the upbringing and development of the child. With the help of toys, children learn about the world around them, learn to establish social ties, and prepare themselves for adulthood. Archaeological finds demonstrate that children’s toys were made on the territory of Turkmenistan already in the Bronze Age and their production continued into the Middle Ages. Miniature bows and arrows, slings, guns and sabers were usually made for boys. Children weaved bird nets and made animal traps. They also created toy tools of trade for the household. Toys imitate weddings and other celebrations accompanied by playing miniature musical instruments. Girls mainly made dolls, as well as household items and utensils. Animal figurines occupy a distinct place in the group of toys. In the past, doll toys were also made for ritual ceremonies: curing diseases or calling the rain. The production of traditional toys continued until the beginning of the 20th century. Information about toys production has been preserved in Turkmen folk tales and beliefs.
{"title":"Traditional children’s toys at the Turkmens","authors":"S. Atdaev","doi":"10.22378/he.2022-7-2.294-306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/he.2022-7-2.294-306","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional toys and various handcrafted items constitute an important part of the children’s world. Toys are not just fun, but also an important element in the upbringing and development of the child. With the help of toys, children learn about the world around them, learn to establish social ties, and prepare themselves for adulthood. Archaeological finds demonstrate that children’s toys were made on the territory of Turkmenistan already in the Bronze Age and their production continued into the Middle Ages. Miniature bows and arrows, slings, guns and sabers were usually made for boys. Children weaved bird nets and made animal traps. They also created toy tools of trade for the household. Toys imitate weddings and other celebrations accompanied by playing miniature musical instruments. Girls mainly made dolls, as well as household items and utensils. Animal figurines occupy a distinct place in the group of toys. In the past, doll toys were also made for ritual ceremonies: curing diseases or calling the rain. The production of traditional toys continued until the beginning of the 20th century. Information about toys production has been preserved in Turkmen folk tales and beliefs.","PeriodicalId":34778,"journal":{"name":"Istoricheskaia etnologiia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68347096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22378/he.2022-7-3.492-506
Nuriya M. Miftakhutdinova
he article aims to highlight the process of creating the development of keyboards for typewriters in the Tatar language and in other Turkic languages using the Arabic script and the Latin alphabet, undertaken at the turn of the 19th –20th centuries. Through the involvement of archival documents, the role of the inventors of such machines, M. Idrisov, G. Madyarov, T. Tuganov, A. Sheikh-Ali, is presented. It was revealed that G. Madyarov, together with T. Tuganov and A. Sheikh-Ali, made serious changes to the mechanism of the typewriter. According to the engineering inventions of A. Sheikh-Ali, starting from 1925, the production of typewriters at Tatyazmash was being established in the workshop of the Tatar Republic. In 1926, at a conference on the reform of the Tatar alphabet, the project of initial letters proposed by M. Idrisov was approved. The inventor creates a typewriter in which the Tatar fonts were adapted to the finished Underwood machine. It became a breakthrough solution. After the introduction of the Latin alphabet among the Turkic peoples of the USSR, the issue of creating appropriate keyboards for typewriters becomes acute. M. Idrisov on a scientific basis, using the works of B.A. Goltsev for the Russian keyboard, develops standard unified typewriter keyboards for the Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh, Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar, Tajik and other Turkic languages. He took into account the digital data on the study of the frequency of using letters and their combinations with each other in national literary works of agricultural, political, artistic and technical profile. M. Idrisov was engaged in the creation of type-setting cash registers for linotype machines, font sets for 10 Turkic-Tatar languages (1933) and font sets for twenty languages, which were approved and introduced into Soviet production in 1935–1938.
这篇文章旨在强调在19 - 20世纪之交，使用阿拉伯字母和拉丁字母的鞑靼语和其他突厥语打字机键盘的开发过程。通过档案文件的参与，介绍了这些机器的发明者M. Idrisov, G. Madyarov, T. Tuganov, A. Sheikh-Ali的作用。据透露，G. Madyarov与T. Tuganov和A. Sheikh-Ali一起对打字机的机制进行了重大修改。根据A. Sheikh-Ali的工程发明，从1925年开始，Tatyazmash在鞑靼共和国的车间开始生产打字机。1926年，在一次关于鞑靼字母改革的会议上，伊德里索夫提出的首字母项目获得了批准。发明者创造了一种打字机，其中鞑靼字体适应完成的安德伍德机器。它成为了一个突破性的解决方案。在苏联的突厥民族中引入拉丁字母后，为打字机制造合适的键盘的问题变得尖锐起来。伊德里索夫在科学的基础上，利用戈采夫的俄语键盘作品，为鞑靼语、巴什基尔语、哈萨克语、阿塞拜疆语、克里米亚鞑靼语、塔吉克语和其他突厥语言开发了标准的统一打字机键盘。他考虑了关于农业、政治、艺术和技术等民族文学作品中字母使用频率及其相互组合的数字数据。M. Idrisov从事于为linotype机器设计排版收款机，为10种突厥-鞑靼语(1933年)和20种语言设计字体，这些在1935-1938年被批准并引入苏联生产。
{"title":"Creation of a unified typewriter keyboard for Turkic languages at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries","authors":"Nuriya M. Miftakhutdinova","doi":"10.22378/he.2022-7-3.492-506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/he.2022-7-3.492-506","url":null,"abstract":"he article aims to highlight the process of creating the development of keyboards for typewriters in the Tatar language and in other Turkic languages using the Arabic script and the Latin alphabet, undertaken at the turn of the 19th –20th centuries. Through the involvement of archival documents, the role of the inventors of such machines, M. Idrisov, G. Madyarov, T. Tuganov, A. Sheikh-Ali, is presented. It was revealed that G. Madyarov, together with T. Tuganov and A. Sheikh-Ali, made serious changes to the mechanism of the typewriter. According to the engineering inventions of A. Sheikh-Ali, starting from 1925, the production of typewriters at Tatyazmash was being established in the workshop of the Tatar Republic. In 1926, at a conference on the reform of the Tatar alphabet, the project of initial letters proposed by M. Idrisov was approved. The inventor creates a typewriter in which the Tatar fonts were adapted to the finished Underwood machine. It became a breakthrough solution. After the introduction of the Latin alphabet among the Turkic peoples of the USSR, the issue of creating appropriate keyboards for typewriters becomes acute. M. Idrisov on a scientific basis, using the works of B.A. Goltsev for the Russian keyboard, develops standard unified typewriter keyboards for the Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh, Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar, Tajik and other Turkic languages. He took into account the digital data on the study of the frequency of using letters and their combinations with each other in national literary works of agricultural, political, artistic and technical profile. M. Idrisov was engaged in the creation of type-setting cash registers for linotype machines, font sets for 10 Turkic-Tatar languages (1933) and font sets for twenty languages, which were approved and introduced into Soviet production in 1935–1938.","PeriodicalId":34778,"journal":{"name":"Istoricheskaia etnologiia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68347439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22378/he.2022-7-3.443-456
L. Sagitova
The article analyzes the phenomena of ethnicity and tradition in the context of the development of society from the traditional type to the globalised one. In the conducted analysis of various approaches to their interpretation, the vulnerable positions of such trends as primordialism, constructivism, and instrumentalism are considered. As an alternative, helping to eliminate controversial points, an attempt is made to use the theories of M.G. Мakljuen and M. Castells. Application of the paradigm of informationalism provides an opportunity to use the optics of communication to analyse the transformation of the semantic and functional content of the cultural/ethnic tradition in the life of society. The influence of the evolution of mass media on the existence of a cultural tradition can be traced within the framework of various social systems: a primitive tribal community and an agrarian society; industrial and post-industrial; globalized and digital society. A comparative analysis of the characteristic features of the social development of each of the types of societies is intended to reveal the factors influencing the transformation of the functional and semantic continuum of traditional/ethnic culture in different eras. Among essential aspects of these changes are the following: changing the role and function of traditional culture in the life of society; transformation of subject-object relations in the communication field that forms ideas about ethnicity and tradition. This, in turn, significantly affects the identification processes at the personal and group levels of the modern society.
{"title":"Ethnicity and tradition in changing communication contexts: a view through the “Galaxies” of Gutenberg, Makljuen and Zuckerberg","authors":"L. Sagitova","doi":"10.22378/he.2022-7-3.443-456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/he.2022-7-3.443-456","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the phenomena of ethnicity and tradition in the context of the development of society from the traditional type to the globalised one. In the conducted analysis of various approaches to their interpretation, the vulnerable positions of such trends as primordialism, constructivism, and instrumentalism are considered. As an alternative, helping to eliminate controversial points, an attempt is made to use the theories of M.G. Мakljuen and M. Castells. Application of the paradigm of informationalism provides an opportunity to use the optics of communication to analyse the transformation of the semantic and functional content of the cultural/ethnic tradition in the life of society. The influence of the evolution of mass media on the existence of a cultural tradition can be traced within the framework of various social systems: a primitive tribal community and an agrarian society; industrial and post-industrial; globalized and digital society. A comparative analysis of the characteristic features of the social development of each of the types of societies is intended to reveal the factors influencing the transformation of the functional and semantic continuum of traditional/ethnic culture in different eras. Among essential aspects of these changes are the following: changing the role and function of traditional culture in the life of society; transformation of subject-object relations in the communication field that forms ideas about ethnicity and tradition. This, in turn, significantly affects the identification processes at the personal and group levels of the modern society.","PeriodicalId":34778,"journal":{"name":"Istoricheskaia etnologiia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68347535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22378/he.2022-7-1.174-183
A. Shakiyeva
In the article, the author examines the activities of Kazakh scientist, archaeologist, orientalist, historian, literary critic, art critic, and academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, Alkey Khakanovich Margulan, and his contribution to the development of historical culture of Kazakhstan. The author comprehensively explores his scientific activity in Southern Kazakhstan and focuses on his contribution and new scientific discoveries on the territory of the Kazakh land. Alkey Khakanovich Margulan began his career in the field of science at a time when the ideological press was pressuring many scientists. The article considers the change of perspective from the study of Kazakh folk folklore to the study of monuments of material culture and ancient art, as well as his activities as a researcher at the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, taking part in the creation of a scientific publication “The History of the Kazakh SSR (from ancient times to the present day)”. He made a great contribution to the development of archeology on the territory of Kazakhstan in the difficult post-war years. The author separately examines the activities of academician Alkey Margulan as the founder of archeology in Kazakhstan, as well as the influence of Stalinist repression and ideological pressure on the work of the academician. Special attention is paid to his study of the folk epic, and the influence on the future fate associated with the study of archaeology. The article uses documents of the central archives of the Republic of Kazakhstan, including the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, periodical press materials, scientific papers. The author studied the sources and historiography of the problem devoted to the topic under study.
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