Environmental Challenges最新文献_第2页

Association between greenness exposure and depression rate among Bangkok residents: An ecological longitudinal study 曼谷居民的绿色暴露与抑郁率之间的关系：生态纵向研究

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2024.101030

This ecological study aimed to examine the relationship between greenness exposure and depression among Bangkok residents, using the district as a unit of analysis. This study utilized data on depression (ICD-10 F32, F33), environmental parameters, and demographic and health infrastructure variables in 50 districts in Bangkok recorded from 2018 to 2020. The Excellence Center for Depressive Disorder provided information on the number of new depression cases, including only those who had registered permanent residence in Bangkok. Greenness was measured using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which was extracted from a Terra-MODIS sensor. Then, the association between greenness exposure and depression was evaluated using descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and generalized additive mixed models with adjustment for covariates. From 2018 to 2020, a mean of 4.57 ± 6.45 cases was recorded per 100,000 population annually, and the mean NDVI was 0.33 ± 0.09. Adjusted for all covariates, as well as considering the smooth terms basis, an increase in one unit of NDVI value would contribute to depression rate reduction by up to 77.7 % (risk ratio = 0.223, 95 % CI = 0.200 – 0.248). PM_2.5 exhibited an insignificant positive association with depression incidence rate. Additionally, temperature and humidity were associated with depression rate in the final model (p < 0.05). Living in greener areas would contribute to a lower depression incidence rate in Bangkok. However, the study is subject to limitations, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have influenced both depression rates and access to green spaces during the study period. Policies that can increase environmental greenness should be promoted to enhance social interactions and physical activities.

这项生态学研究旨在以地区为分析单位，研究曼谷居民的绿化暴露与抑郁症之间的关系。本研究利用了曼谷 50 个区在 2018 年至 2020 年期间记录的抑郁症（ICD-10 F32、F33）、环境参数以及人口和卫生基础设施变量的数据。抑郁症卓越中心提供了抑郁症新增病例的信息，其中仅包括在曼谷登记了永久居住权的病例。绿度使用归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）进行测量，该指数是从 Terra-MODIS 传感器中提取的。然后，使用描述性统计、双变量分析和调整协变量的广义加性混合模型评估了绿化暴露与抑郁之间的关联。从 2018 年到 2020 年，平均每年每 10 万人中有 4.57 ± 6.45 例病例，平均 NDVI 为 0.33 ± 0.09。对所有协变量进行调整并考虑平稳条件后，NDVI 值每增加一个单位，抑郁症发病率就会降低 77.7%（风险比 = 0.223，95 % CI = 0.200 - 0.248）。PM2.5 与抑郁症发病率呈不显著的正相关。此外，在最终模型中，温度和湿度也与抑郁症发病率有关（p < 0.05）。生活在绿化较好的地区有助于降低曼谷的抑郁症发病率。然而，这项研究也存在一些局限性，其中包括 COVID-19 大流行的影响，它可能会影响研究期间的抑郁症发病率和绿地使用率。应推广可增加环境绿化的政策，以加强社会交往和体育活动。

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引用次数: 0

Food loss analysis in Nigeria: A systematic literature review 尼日利亚的食物损耗分析：系统文献综述

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2024.101027

The issue of food loss and waste is a complex one that must be addressed if sustainable food systems are to be achieved. In the Global South, as evidenced by Nigeria, two paradoxical trends can be observed. Firstly, substantial losses of arable crops occur during the production and distribution stages. Secondly, Nigeria is affected by food scarcity, which is in part a consequence of losses occurring at these stages. In terms of food availability, Nigeria ranks 26th among African countries. In light of this context and the government's expressed interest in identifying sustainable solutions to this problem, a systematic review was conducted with the objective of consolidating the fragmented studies on food loss in the region. This review provides a foundation for understanding the causes of food loss, the preventive and reduction strategies required, and for identifying promising areas for future research. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Checklist 2020. Following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 studies were selected for review. A thematic synthesis was employed to integrate and examine the findings of the studies. The findings indicated that maize, rice, and cassava continued to be the most prevalent food crops in Nigeria, with cultivation occurring across the entire country. We differentiate the critical loss points for different crops, which arise between the production and distribution stages. In conclusion, this review reveals that food loss in Nigeria is a multifaceted issue requiring integrated solutions that address the natural, social, and material dimensions. Further empirical research, especially qualitative studies that focus on the perspectives and practices of food system actors, is essential for developing effective interventions and policies. This approach will help achieve sustainable development of food systems and advance global food security goals.

粮食损失和浪费是一个复杂的问题，必须加以解决，才能实现可持续的粮食系统。在全球南部，正如尼日利亚所证明的那样，可以观察到两个矛盾的趋势。首先，耕地作物在生产和销售阶段出现大量损失。其次，尼日利亚受到粮食匮乏的影响，这在一定程度上是这些阶段损失的结果。在粮食供应方面，尼日利亚在非洲国家中排名第 26 位。鉴于这种情况，以及政府表示有兴趣找到解决这一问题的可持续办法，我们进行了一次系统性回顾，目的是整合该地区有关粮食损失的零散研究。该综述为了解食物损耗的原因、所需的预防和减少战略以及确定未来有希望的研究领域奠定了基础。综述按照《2020 年系统综述和元分析首选报告项目（PRISMA）清单》进行。根据纳入和排除标准，共选出 23 项研究进行综述。采用专题综合法对研究结果进行了整合和审查。研究结果表明，玉米、水稻和木薯仍然是尼日利亚最普遍的粮食作物，种植范围遍及全国。我们区分了不同作物在生产和销售阶段的关键损失点。总之，本综述揭示了尼日利亚的粮食损失是一个多方面的问题，需要针对自然、社会和物质层面的综合解决方案。进一步的实证研究，特别是侧重于粮食系统参与者的观点和做法的定性研究，对于制定有效的干预措施和政策至关重要。这种方法将有助于实现粮食系统的可持续发展，推进全球粮食安全目标。

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引用次数: 0

Leveraging machine learning and Landsat time series for high-resolution mapping of mining-induced vegetation changes in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 利用机器学习和大地遥感卫星时间序列对布基纳法索瓦加杜古采矿引起的植被变化进行高分辨率测绘

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2024.101026

Quarries are open pit mines, where construction materials such as granite and clay are extracted from the earth's surface, leading to a major disturbance of vegetation and subsequent degradation of ecosystem services. Assessing mining-associated degradation over time remains a challenge. This paper uses a temporal series of Landsat satellite image extracted from Google Earth Engine (GEE) for monitoring mining effects on land cover around the West African city of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. We conducted a binary classification of quarry and non-quarry using Landsat 9 images. To account for varying quarry patterns, we applied the LandTrendr algorithm to analyze images from 1990 to 2022, mapping annual vegetation disturbance and recovery. This generated high-resolution land cover maps with over 90 % accuracy across 257 quarries (38 km²). LandTrendr identified disturbance years with 87 % accuracy and assessed recovery in abandoned quarries. Remote sensing accuracy was validated through fieldwork and analysis of historical aerial photos. Our findings revealed that major disturbances coincided with new quarrying activities, particularly during urban expansion from 2005 to 2019, with NDVI decreasing by 0.3 in active mining areas. Vegetation recovery was observed in 23 % of the abandoned quarries, with NDVI increases by 0.15 within five years post abandonment, particularly in clay quarries. The strongest recovery occurred in given up abandoned from 2015 to 2019, aligned with increased conservation efforts. Our approach offers valuable insights into mining impacts and vegetation resilience in semi-arid environments, informing sustainable urban planning and environmental management in rapidly transforming regions of West Africa.

采石场属于露天矿，从地表开采花岗岩和粘土等建筑材料，会对植被造成严重干扰，进而导致生态系统服务退化。评估与采矿相关的长期退化仍是一项挑战。本文利用从谷歌地球引擎（GEE）提取的陆地卫星图像时间序列，监测采矿对西非城市布基纳法索瓦加杜古周边土地植被的影响。我们使用 Landsat 9 图像对采石场和非采石场进行了二元分类。为了考虑不同的采石场模式，我们应用 LandTrendr 算法分析了 1990 年至 2022 年的图像，绘制了年度植被干扰和恢复图。这样绘制出的高分辨率土地覆被图准确率超过 90%，覆盖 257 个采石场（38 平方公里）。LandTrendr 确定干扰年份的准确率为 87%，并对废弃采石场的恢复情况进行了评估。通过实地考察和对历史航空照片的分析，对遥感的准确性进行了验证。我们的研究结果表明，重大干扰与新的采石活动相吻合，尤其是在 2005 年至 2019 年的城市扩张期间，活跃采矿区的 NDVI 下降了 0.3。在 23% 的废弃采石场观察到了植被恢复，在废弃后的五年内，NDVI 上升了 0.15，尤其是在粘土矿场。在 2015 年至 2019 年期间放弃的采石场中，植被恢复最为显著，这与保护工作的加强是一致的。我们的方法为半干旱环境中的采矿影响和植被恢复能力提供了宝贵的见解，为西非快速转型地区的可持续城市规划和环境管理提供了信息。

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引用次数: 0

Two decades of land cover change and anthropogenic pressure around Bontioli Nature Reserve in Burkina Faso 布基纳法索邦蒂奥里自然保护区周围二十年的土地覆盖变化和人为压力

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2024.101025

Protected areas (PAs) are critical for ecosystem maintenance and providing services that benefit both wildlife and people. Nevertheless, climate change and anthropogenic pressures are posing an increasing challenge. Surrounded by high human population densities, there is still a paucity of information on how the land cover in Burkina Faso's PAs is changing, and what kinds of human activities are the main drivers. In this study, we examined the change in land use and land cover (LULC) in the Bontioli Nature Reserve (NR), one of Burkina Faso's most important protected areas, and assessed anthropogenic pressure within and around. Landsat imagery (ETM+ and OLI-TIRS) is used to categorise and estimate the change in LULC in 2000, 2010, and 2022 with the Random Forest algorithm on the Google Earth Engine platform. Regression analysis was applied to examine the relationship between the LULC categories and population increase. We found significant changes and correlations in LULC trends and population growth over time. From 2000 to 2022, wooded savanna, tree savanna, and shrub savanna decreased by 20.8 %, 6.8 %, and 4.5 %, respectively, while cropland increased by 26.3 %, along with grass savanna by 5 %. Population growth correlated with increased agriculture and decreased vegetative area with R² of 0.903 and 0.793, respectively. Efforts should be made to create harmony between humans and nature through various approaches such as nature-based solutions to enable efforts for the reserve sustainable management (SDG15).

保护区（PAs）对于维护生态系统和提供有益于野生动物和人类的服务至关重要。然而，气候变化和人为压力带来了越来越大的挑战。布基纳法索被高密度的人口所包围，但关于布基纳法索保护区的土地覆盖如何变化以及人类活动是主要驱动因素的信息仍然很少。在这项研究中，我们考察了布基纳法索最重要的保护区之一--邦蒂奥里自然保护区（NR）的土地利用和土地覆盖（LULC）变化情况，并评估了保护区内部和周边的人为压力。利用大地遥感卫星图像（ETM+ 和 OLI-TIRS），在谷歌地球引擎平台上使用随机森林算法对 2000 年、2010 年和 2022 年的土地利用、土地利用变化进行分类和估算。应用回归分析来研究 LULC 类别与人口增长之间的关系。我们发现，随着时间的推移，土地利用、土地利用变化趋势和人口增长之间存在明显的变化和相关性。从 2000 年到 2022 年，有林稀树草原、乔木稀树草原和灌木稀树草原分别减少了 20.8%、6.8% 和 4.5%，而耕地增加了 26.3%，草地增加了 5%。人口增长与农业增加和植被面积减少相关，R2 分别为 0.903 和 0.793。应通过各种方法（如基于自然的解决方案）努力创造人与自然之间的和谐，以促进保护区的可持续管理（可持续发展目标 15）。

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引用次数: 0

Amplifying concerns: An exploration of community noise levels in rural communities impacted by wood pellet production 扩大关注：探讨受木质颗粒生产影响的农村社区的噪音水平

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2024.101024

Wood pellets are increasingly promoted as a renewable and sustainable energy source, driving the global wood pellet market to a projected value of $16 billion by 2026. However, the rapid expansion of this industry disproportionately affects predominantly Black and low-income communities in the rural South, where approximately 100 pellet manufacturing plants are currently located in the United States. From August 2023 to March 2024, we conducted a noise exposure assessment in Gloster, Mississippi, a community affected by pellet production, and compared it to Mendenhall, a nearby community without industrial activity. In collaboration with a local organization, we measured noise metrics and found significantly higher A-weighted, C-weighted, and Z-weighted sound levels in Gloster, along with elevated decibels at multiple center frequencies. These findings suggest that wood pellet manufacturing can severely alter the soundscape of rural communities, raising environmental justice concerns. Our findings underscore the importance of investigating the cumulative health impacts of noise and other environmental burdens on these vulnerable communities to better inform policy.

木质颗粒燃料作为一种可再生、可持续的能源越来越受到推崇，预计到 2026 年，全球木质颗粒燃料市场价值将达到 160 亿美元。然而，该行业的快速扩张对南方农村地区的黑人和低收入社区造成了极大的影响，目前美国约有 100 家木质颗粒生产厂。2023 年 8 月至 2024 年 3 月，我们在密西西比州格罗斯特（一个受颗粒生产影响的社区）进行了噪声暴露评估，并将其与附近没有工业活动的社区门登霍尔进行了比较。我们与当地一家机构合作，对噪声指标进行了测量，发现格罗斯特的 A 加权、C 加权和 Z 加权声级明显较高，多个中心频率的分贝也有所升高。这些发现表明，木质颗粒制造会严重改变农村社区的声景，引发环境正义问题。我们的发现强调了调查噪声和其他环境负担对这些脆弱社区的累积健康影响的重要性，以便更好地为政策提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Economic and environmental benefits of optimized waste transportation routes in Khulna 库尔纳优化废物运输路线的经济和环境效益

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2024.101023

Urban transportation is a big source of pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Khulna City handles the waste of 1.23 million people daily, using Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles (HDDV) that release major environmental pollutants. The current waste transportation routes lack proper planning, leading to extra fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. This study aims to reduce fuel consumption and socio-environmental costs by improving waste transportation routes. Present collection routes, collecting points, and the speed of 30 waste collector vehicles were tracked using GPS devices for ten months between July 2023 and April 2024. The network dataset was modified according to four types of waste collector vehicles. ArcGIS Pro was used to find the optimal paths and their lengths. Fuel usage and prices were estimated using simple fuel consumption rate calculations. The lengths of current and optimal routes were used in COPERT to measure pollutant emissions. The results show that improved routes lower fuel consumption costs by approximately USD 55.39 per day and CO2 emissions by about 38.242 tonnes per year. Reductions in CO, CH₄, NMVOC, NO₂, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5 were roughly 9.3%, 9.53%, 9.21%, 9.29%, 9.35%, and 9.3%, respectively. This study demonstrates a comprehensive approach for improving solid waste management covering both financial efficiency and environmental effects.

城市交通是污染和温室气体排放的一大来源。库尔纳市每天要处理 123 万人的垃圾，使用的重型柴油车（HDDV）会释放出大量的环境污染物。目前的垃圾运输路线缺乏合理规划，导致额外的燃料消耗和污染物排放。本研究旨在通过改善垃圾运输路线，减少燃料消耗和社会环境成本。在 2023 年 7 月至 2024 年 4 月的 10 个月期间，使用 GPS 设备对目前的收集路线、收集点和 30 辆垃圾收集车的速度进行了跟踪。根据四种类型的垃圾收集车修改了网络数据集。使用 ArcGIS Pro 找到最佳路径及其长度。使用简单的燃料消耗率计算方法估算了燃料用量和价格。COPERT 使用当前路线和最优路线的长度来测量污染物排放量。结果显示，改进后的路线每天可降低燃料消耗成本约 55.39 美元，每年可减少二氧化碳排放量约 38.242 吨。CO、CH4、NMVOC、NO2、PM10 和 PM2.5 的减排量分别约为 9.3%、9.53%、9.21%、9.29%、9.35% 和 9.3%。这项研究展示了一种改善固体废物管理的综合方法，既能提高经济效益，又能改善环境影响。

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引用次数: 0

Indoor air pollutants and microbes in mass rapid transit (MRT) trains of north-western area of Bangkok, Thailand: Impact on indoor air quality and human health 泰国曼谷西北部地区大众捷运（MRT）列车中的室内空气污染物和微生物：对室内空气质量和人体健康的影响

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2024.101022

Most modern cities suffer from urban air pollution caused by human activity such as traffic and other sources. Various pollutants in the environment may pose a threat to the health of commuters. The objective of this study is to assess the indoor air quality (IAQ) in MRT purple line trains serving the north-western area of Bangkok in order to determine any potential impacts on human health. The monitored parameters include total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), temperature, relative humidity, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), ozone (O₃), formaldehyde (CH₂O), and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5). The indoor air pollutant concentrations in the MRT remained within the permissible thresholds. The results of the correlation analysis reveal that relative humidity (RH) and PM_2.5 are positively correlated in both the wintertime and summertime measurement campaigns. In contrast, CO₂ correlated with temperature in the wintertime and CO in the rainy season. Bacterial and fungal loads were estimated during various measurement campaigns in MRT. Fungi and bacterial loads were higher in the MRT trains during the wintertime and rainy season campaigns. The IAQ of MRT train in Bangkok is within the satisfactory and excellent category of air quality index (AQI). The inhaled doses of PM_2.5, CO, and VOCs were also estimated to identify their health effects on commuters. The inhaled dose of PM_2.5 was comparatively higher than other pollutants. In this study, a general perspective of the IAQ in the MRT system was provided. It is recommended to conduct more research studies on various MRT lines in Bangkok to further investigate the levels of bacteria, fungi, TVOCs, O₃, and PM. Additionally, the ventilation mode in MRT needs to be investigated as it is the main factor affecting the IAQ.

大多数现代城市都遭受着由交通和其他来源等人类活动造成的城市空气污染。环境中的各种污染物可能会对乘客的健康构成威胁。本研究的目的是评估曼谷西北部地区地铁紫线列车的室内空气质量（IAQ），以确定对人体健康的潜在影响。监测参数包括总挥发性有机化合物 (TVOC)、温度、相对湿度、一氧化碳 (CO)、二氧化碳 (CO2)、臭氧 (O3)、甲醛 (CH2O) 和细颗粒物 (PM2.5)。MRT 的室内空气污染物浓度保持在允许阈值范围内。相关性分析结果显示，在冬季和夏季的测量活动中，相对湿度（RH）和 PM2.5 都呈正相关。相比之下，冬季的二氧化碳与温度相关，雨季的二氧化碳与温度相关。在 MRT 的各种测量活动中，对细菌和真菌负荷进行了估算。在冬季和雨季，地铁列车中的真菌和细菌数量较高。曼谷地铁列车的室内空气质量在空气质量指数（AQI）的满意和优级范围内。此外，还估算了 PM2.5、CO 和 VOC 的吸入剂量，以确定它们对乘客健康的影响。PM2.5 的吸入剂量相对高于其他污染物。本研究提供了捷运系统室内空气质量的总体视角。建议对曼谷各条地铁线路进行更多的研究，进一步调查细菌、真菌、TVOC、O3 和 PM 的水平。此外，还需要调查地铁的通风模式，因为这是影响室内空气质量的主要因素。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring awareness of planetary health and antibiotic disposal advice across Australian Pharmacies: A mystery shopping expedition 探索澳大利亚药店对地球健康和抗生素处理建议的认识：神秘购物考察

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2024.101020

Background information

Inappropriate disposal of unused antimicrobials can push the environment out of balance, and increase the likelihood of antimicrobial-resistant organisms to grow. We aimed to investigate the recommendations for the disposal of unwanted antibiotics given as advice to consumers by community pharmacists practising in Australia.

Methods

A cross-sectional study using mystery shopping explored pharmacists' recommendations for disposing of unwanted antibiotics. Simulated patients called community pharmacies across Australia for advice on disposing of leftover antibiotic mixtures.

Findings

Of 1577 pharmacists called across Australia, over 59 % recommended incorrect disposal methods, i.e., putting the leftover antibiotic syrup in the home rubbish bin or down the sink or toilet, 28.4 % recommended putting the unused antibiotic straight into the rubbish bin, and 10 pharmacists recommended throwing the leftover syrup on the grass, soil, or in a street drain. There were 19 pharmacists who did not want to recommend disposal at all; some recommended calling the prescriber to ask. Of the pharmacists who advised consumers to return unwanted antibiotic liquid to their pharmacy, 21 (1.3 % overall) indicated that they would pour it down the sink at the pharmacy upon being returned.

Interpretation

Pharmacists' advice on antibiotic disposal varied despite the availability of a national scheme enabling consumers to return unwanted medicines to pharmacies for this purpose. Enhanced education and policies could help pharmacists guide the public on proper disposal.

背景信息不适当地处理未使用的抗菌药物会使环境失去平衡，增加耐抗菌生物生长的可能性。我们的目的是调查在澳大利亚执业的社区药剂师向消费者提出的处理不需要的抗生素的建议。方法一项采用神秘购物的横断面研究探讨了药剂师对处理不需要的抗生素的建议。研究结果在全澳大利亚接到电话的1577名药剂师中，超过59%的药剂师建议了错误的处理方法，即把用剩的抗生素糖浆放进家里的垃圾桶或水槽或马桶里，28.4%的药剂师建议把没用完的抗生素直接放进垃圾桶，10名药剂师建议把用剩的糖浆扔到草地、泥土或街道下水道里。有 19 位药剂师完全不想建议如何处理；有些药剂师建议打电话给处方医生询问。在建议消费者将不需要的抗生素药液送回药房的药剂师中，有 21 人（占总人数的 1.3%）表示，他们会在消费者将药液送回药房后将其倒入药房的水槽中。加强教育和政策可以帮助药剂师指导公众正确处理抗生素。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of microbes and dissolved oxygen concentration on inorganic and organic substances elimination in a climate changing environment: The aerobic bioreactor 微生物和溶解氧浓度对气候变化环境中无机物和有机物消除的影响：好氧生物反应器

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2024.101021

Microbes and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration are the drivers in the wastewater treatment plant, aerobic bioreactor for the oxidation and decomposition of inorganic and organic substances. Due to global warming, surface and freshwater temperatures are increasing at an average of 1.08 °C. The rising climate temperatures suppress DO which threatens the availability of oxygen for respiration and survival of microbes, risking poor effluent being discharged into the environment. This study aimed to analyze the effect of microbes and DO concentration simultaneously on the elimination of inorganic and organic substances in a climate-changing environment. The results showed that biomass, COD (-0.578^⁎⁎), and ammonia (-0.700^⁎⁎) produced a negative relation while DO, ammonia (-0.214^⁎⁎), and COD (-0.250^⁎⁎) produced a negative relation. Although rising climate temperatures suppress DO, microbes strived under these conditions resulting in an effective aerobic bioreactor. Rising climate temperature (32.5 °C) produced the highest biomass (6.51 g/L), COD (145 mg/L), and ammonia (14.5 mg/L) elimination at the lowest DO (3.81 mg/L) concentration. Whereas normal operating temperature produced the lowest biomass (2.289 g/L), COD (94 mg/L), and ammonia (4.5 mg/L) elimination at the highest DO (4.83 mg/L) concentration. In addition, rising climate temperatures produced the highest COD (72.5 mg/L) and ammonia (7.25 mg/L) elimination rate compared with normal operating temperatures that produced the lowest COD (47 mg/L) and ammonia (2.25 mg/L) elimination rate. Therefore, the rising climate temperatures will not affect the microbes and DO concentration during the elimination of inorganic and organic substances, but rather enhance the performance of the aerobic bioreactor.

微生物和溶解氧（DO）浓度是污水处理厂、好氧生物反应器氧化和分解无机物和有机物的驱动力。由于全球变暖，地表和淡水温度平均上升了 1.08 °C。气候温度的升高抑制了溶解氧，从而威胁到微生物呼吸和生存所需的氧气供应，有可能导致劣质污水排放到环境中。本研究旨在分析在气候变化的环境中，微生物和溶解氧浓度同时对无机物和有机物消除的影响。结果表明，生物量、化学需氧量（-0.578⁎⁎）和氨氮（-0.700⁎⁎）呈负相关，而溶解氧、氨氮（-0.214⁎⁎）和化学需氧量（-0.250⁎⁎）呈负相关。虽然气温升高抑制了溶解氧，但微生物在这些条件下仍在努力生长，从而形成了有效的好氧生物反应器。气候温度升高（32.5 °C）产生的生物量（6.51 克/升）、化学需氧量（145 毫克/升）和氨氮（14.5 毫克/升）消除量最高，而溶解氧（3.81 毫克/升）浓度最低。而正常工作温度在最高溶解氧（4.83 毫克/升）浓度下产生的生物量（2.289 克/升）、化学需氧量（94 毫克/升）和氨氮（4.5 毫克/升）去除率最低。此外，气候温度升高产生的化学需氧量（72.5 毫克/升）和氨氮（7.25 毫克/升）消除率最高，而正常工作温度产生的化学需氧量（47 毫克/升）和氨氮（2.25 毫克/升）消除率最低。因此，在消除无机和有机物质的过程中，气候温度升高不会影响微生物和溶解氧浓度，反而会提高好氧生物反应器的性能。

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引用次数: 0

An integrated novel approach to the environmental health assessment of Bangladesh's coastal ecosystems 孟加拉国沿海生态系统环境健康评估的综合新方法

Q2 Environmental Science

Environmental Challenges

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2024.101019

The coastal expanse of Bangladesh, situated along the Bay of Bengal, is a susceptible and low-lying area grappling with multiple environmental challenges. Various physicochemical parameters were employed in the assessment of water quality. The CCME Water Quality Index indicated the western coast as 70.13 (Fair), the Central coast as 42.2 (Poor), and the Eastern Coast as 64.6 (Marginal). This outcome was corroborated by the Environmental Quality Index, with the Western Coast ranked as (Good), the Eastern Coast as (Fair), and the Central Coast as (Poor). The analyzed parameters provided insights into pollution levels, water clarity, nutrient dynamics, and the overall health of the coastal ecosystems. Additionally, the study delved into heavy metal concentrations, encompassing arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). The eastern coast exhibited higher contamination compared to the other two regions, emphasizing potential risks to both the environment and human health. This study aimed to evaluate the environmental health risks and water quality in this region, introducing a novel Environmental Health Risk Index (EHRI) to gauge the overall environmental health conditions. According to the EHRI, the Western Coast exhibited good conditions (2.25), while the Central (3.625) and Eastern (3.5) Coasts were classified as not bad, with the Eastern Coast experiencing comparatively lesser impact. Based on these findings, several recommendations emerge, including the implementation of climate change adaptation strategies such as coastal protection measures, the advocacy of sustainable land use practices, and the enhancement of monitoring and management protocols for water quality.

孟加拉国沿海地区位于孟加拉湾沿岸，是一个易受影响的低洼地区，面临着多重环境挑战。水质评估采用了各种物理化学参数。CCME 水质指数显示，西部沿海为 70.13（尚可），中部沿海为 42.2（较差），东部沿海为 64.6（一般）。环境质量指数也证实了这一结果，西部海岸为（良好），东部海岸为（尚可），中部海岸为（较差）。分析参数有助于深入了解污染程度、水体透明度、营养动态以及沿海生态系统的总体健康状况。此外，研究还深入探讨了重金属浓度，包括砷 (As)、镉 (Cd)、铬 (Cr)、铜 (Cu)、铁 (Fe)、汞 (Hg)、锰 (Mn)、铅 (Pb) 和锌 (Zn)。与其他两个地区相比，东部沿海地区的污染程度较高，凸显了对环境和人类健康的潜在风险。本研究旨在评估该地区的环境健康风险和水质，引入了一种新的环境健康风险指数（EHRI）来衡量整体环境健康状况。根据环境健康风险指数，西部海岸的环境状况良好（2.25），中部海岸（3.625）和东部海岸（3.5）的环境状况不佳，东部海岸受到的影响相对较小。根据这些调查结果，提出了若干建议，包括实施气候变化适应战略（如海岸保护措施）、倡导可持续的土地利用方式以及加强水质监测和管理规程。

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