Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752056
M. Ghasemi, A. Mahloojifar, M. Zarei
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by tremor, rigidity, and slowness of movements. Determining changes of spontaneous activity and connectivity of the brain is a critical step towards treatment of PD patients. Resting State functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (RS-fMRI) is a non-invasive method that we use in this work to investigate changes of default mode network of the brain in PD. To this end, we apply two methods, Seed Correlation Analysis (SCA) and probabilistic independent Component Analysis (PICA). The results of advanced statistical group analysis on SCA values show that there is negative significant correlation between motor cortex and cerebellum in healthy, while this connection in PD is positive and not significant. This result implies the disturbance of equilibrium function of the brain in resting. Moreover, in both groups, there is significant positive correlation between areas located in basal ganglia. The results show that in healthy, there is not significant correlation between motor areas and basal ganglia, while in PD there are significant negative correlations between motor cortex and cerebellum with areas located in basal ganglia. The comparison of five ICs extracted by PICA showed lower DMN activation in basal ganglia. Finally, The result of our study show that the functional correlations between ROIs are more affected in PD than pattern maps of activity by PICA.
{"title":"Effect assessment of Parkinson disease on default mode network of the brain with ICA and SCA methods in Resting State FMRI data","authors":"M. Ghasemi, A. Mahloojifar, M. Zarei","doi":"10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752056","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by tremor, rigidity, and slowness of movements. Determining changes of spontaneous activity and connectivity of the brain is a critical step towards treatment of PD patients. Resting State functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (RS-fMRI) is a non-invasive method that we use in this work to investigate changes of default mode network of the brain in PD. To this end, we apply two methods, Seed Correlation Analysis (SCA) and probabilistic independent Component Analysis (PICA). The results of advanced statistical group analysis on SCA values show that there is negative significant correlation between motor cortex and cerebellum in healthy, while this connection in PD is positive and not significant. This result implies the disturbance of equilibrium function of the brain in resting. Moreover, in both groups, there is significant positive correlation between areas located in basal ganglia. The results show that in healthy, there is not significant correlation between motor areas and basal ganglia, while in PD there are significant negative correlations between motor cortex and cerebellum with areas located in basal ganglia. The comparison of five ICs extracted by PICA showed lower DMN activation in basal ganglia. Finally, The result of our study show that the functional correlations between ROIs are more affected in PD than pattern maps of activity by PICA.","PeriodicalId":348448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128238902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752158
Salman Shahid, P. Wen, T. Ahfock, J. Leis
In this study the effects of a realistic head geometry and coil position on the spatial distribution of induced electric field, under TMS, have been investigated using statistical modalities such as RDM, MAG and CC. It has also been observed that the secondary electric field, caused by the asymmetry of the geometry, leads to a dramatic drop in E-field magnitude, deviation in field focality and accelerates its decay. The results show that the head geometry and coil position play a significant role in shaping the spatial distribution of induced electric field.
{"title":"Effects of head geometry and coil position on field distribution under transcranial magnetic stimulation","authors":"Salman Shahid, P. Wen, T. Ahfock, J. Leis","doi":"10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752158","url":null,"abstract":"In this study the effects of a realistic head geometry and coil position on the spatial distribution of induced electric field, under TMS, have been investigated using statistical modalities such as RDM, MAG and CC. It has also been observed that the secondary electric field, caused by the asymmetry of the geometry, leads to a dramatic drop in E-field magnitude, deviation in field focality and accelerates its decay. The results show that the head geometry and coil position play a significant role in shaping the spatial distribution of induced electric field.","PeriodicalId":348448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130352713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752067
V. Zeljkovic, M. Bojic
We propose in this paper automatic algorithm for early planocellular lung cancer detection in lung X ray images. Considering the fact that lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancers and that it is usually diagnosed too late, the solution is to attempt early diagnosis at general practitioners level, using cheapest diagnostic tools, chest radiography. The proposed algorithm determines and segments the suspected area in lung X ray images. It consists of two steps: comparison between extracted planocellular lung cancer structure and the analyzed lung X ray image by calculating similarity coefficients and finding the maximum similarity coefficient which will indicate the suspected cancer affected area in the lung image. The obtained results are promising and confirm that the proposed algorithm should serve as the foundation for future research in this area.
{"title":"Automatic detection of abnormalities in lung radiographs caused by planocellular lung cancer","authors":"V. Zeljkovic, M. Bojic","doi":"10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752067","url":null,"abstract":"We propose in this paper automatic algorithm for early planocellular lung cancer detection in lung X ray images. Considering the fact that lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancers and that it is usually diagnosed too late, the solution is to attempt early diagnosis at general practitioners level, using cheapest diagnostic tools, chest radiography. The proposed algorithm determines and segments the suspected area in lung X ray images. It consists of two steps: comparison between extracted planocellular lung cancer structure and the analyzed lung X ray image by calculating similarity coefficients and finding the maximum similarity coefficient which will indicate the suspected cancer affected area in the lung image. The obtained results are promising and confirm that the proposed algorithm should serve as the foundation for future research in this area.","PeriodicalId":348448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131988022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752155
A. Imran
Passive knee laxity is an important clinical measure to assess function after joint replacement. Clinical observations suggest that the use of minimally invasive surgical techniques in knee arthroplasty may affect the surgeon's ability to orient and position the prosthetic components accurately. Further, recent studies suggest that malplaced prosthetic components in unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) can affect the ligament forces and, hence, the knee laxity. In the present study, a sagittal plane mathematical model of the knee with unicompartmental replacement is used to analyze the passive antero-posterior (A-P) laxity during flexion using different force levels. Also, the effects of errors in component position are evaluated. The results show that for all force levels, the A-P laxity first increases from 0° to about 30° flexion, remains nearly constant for another 10° and then decreases somewhat linearly for higher flexion angles. Changes in the position of the femoral component by 1mm can affect the knee laxity by 2mm or more in some flexion positions. The analysis has clinical relevance and suggests that the UKR requires close attention to component placement.
{"title":"Knee laxity after unicompartmental joint replacement: A planar mathematical analysis","authors":"A. Imran","doi":"10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752155","url":null,"abstract":"Passive knee laxity is an important clinical measure to assess function after joint replacement. Clinical observations suggest that the use of minimally invasive surgical techniques in knee arthroplasty may affect the surgeon's ability to orient and position the prosthetic components accurately. Further, recent studies suggest that malplaced prosthetic components in unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) can affect the ligament forces and, hence, the knee laxity. In the present study, a sagittal plane mathematical model of the knee with unicompartmental replacement is used to analyze the passive antero-posterior (A-P) laxity during flexion using different force levels. Also, the effects of errors in component position are evaluated. The results show that for all force levels, the A-P laxity first increases from 0° to about 30° flexion, remains nearly constant for another 10° and then decreases somewhat linearly for higher flexion angles. Changes in the position of the femoral component by 1mm can affect the knee laxity by 2mm or more in some flexion positions. The analysis has clinical relevance and suggests that the UKR requires close attention to component placement.","PeriodicalId":348448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127970445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752062
Layli S. Goldoozian, E. Zahedi
Flow mediated dilation (FMD) measurement using ultrasound imaging (FMD-US) has been established as a standard method for assessing the endothelial function. Recently, a less skilled-operator demanding method has been proposed based on the photoplethysmogram (PPG) changes during reactive hyperemia. It was shown that the amplitude of the PPG pulse (FMD-PPG) changed in a quite similar manner to that of the artery diameter in the method of the FMD-US i.e. increases following releasing the cuff and then gradually returns to baseline. In this study PPG changes following reactive hyperaemia were modelled using time-varying passive electrical elements (R, L and C). The output of the electric analog model matched relatively well (fitness of 82.47%) the PPG-AC signal.
{"title":"Electrical analog model of arterial compliance during reactive hyperemia","authors":"Layli S. Goldoozian, E. Zahedi","doi":"10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752062","url":null,"abstract":"Flow mediated dilation (FMD) measurement using ultrasound imaging (FMD-US) has been established as a standard method for assessing the endothelial function. Recently, a less skilled-operator demanding method has been proposed based on the photoplethysmogram (PPG) changes during reactive hyperemia. It was shown that the amplitude of the PPG pulse (FMD-PPG) changed in a quite similar manner to that of the artery diameter in the method of the FMD-US i.e. increases following releasing the cuff and then gradually returns to baseline. In this study PPG changes following reactive hyperaemia were modelled using time-varying passive electrical elements (R, L and C). The output of the electric analog model matched relatively well (fitness of 82.47%) the PPG-AC signal.","PeriodicalId":348448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131669508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752120
J. Pindor, M. Penhaker, J. Cernohorský, D. Korpas, V. Vancura
Today, the many instruments for various signal processing are important component of medical practice. This study proposes the application, which can be useful in determination of ECG changes of patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy. The application, created in MATLAB, is based on algorithms, which are derived from mathematical functions and wavelet transform. We test the application on patients' data of cardiology clinic of hospital IKEM in Prague and we made great experimental results.
{"title":"Evaluation of effect cardiac resynchronization therapy","authors":"J. Pindor, M. Penhaker, J. Cernohorský, D. Korpas, V. Vancura","doi":"10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752120","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the many instruments for various signal processing are important component of medical practice. This study proposes the application, which can be useful in determination of ECG changes of patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy. The application, created in MATLAB, is based on algorithms, which are derived from mathematical functions and wavelet transform. We test the application on patients' data of cardiology clinic of hospital IKEM in Prague and we made great experimental results.","PeriodicalId":348448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122373573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752072
N. Sundararajan, S. Farook, N. Vasudha
A wavelet transform based ECG analysis for precise location of P wave, QRS complex and T wave is presented. Detection of such waves in an ECG is difficult due to the time varying morphology of the signal in addition to the presence of various noise factors. The results of reliable location of P, QRS and T wave of a hypertensive ECG using continuous Wavelet transformation (CWT) which is more appropriate and accurate measure of the ECG pattern is presented and the salient features are discussed.
{"title":"A novel approach for wave segments in ECG by wavelet analysis","authors":"N. Sundararajan, S. Farook, N. Vasudha","doi":"10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752072","url":null,"abstract":"A wavelet transform based ECG analysis for precise location of P wave, QRS complex and T wave is presented. Detection of such waves in an ECG is difficult due to the time varying morphology of the signal in addition to the presence of various noise factors. The results of reliable location of P, QRS and T wave of a hypertensive ECG using continuous Wavelet transformation (CWT) which is more appropriate and accurate measure of the ECG pattern is presented and the salient features are discussed.","PeriodicalId":348448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131374640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752131
S. Andruschenko, U. Timm, J. Kraitl, Elfed Lewis, Hartmut Ewald
A novel motion-tolerant algorithm for continuous real-time monitoring of blood constituents by means of pulse oximetry is introduced. Motion artifacts frequently lead to false interpretations of the measured signal or can cause a failure of the signal detection. Therefore these disturbances are required to be recognized and suppressed while the useful signal should remain possibly unaffected. The technique is based on the continuous wavelet analysis combined with optional adaptive peak filtering to optimally estimate the physiological parameters. Presented algorithm appears to be a sensitive nonlinear method of processing the pulsative arrhythmic patterns in frequency domain. Reconstruction of the motion-corrupted PPG-waveform could allow an elicitation of the individual clinical parameters which yield additional data about the human health status. The method is not limited to non-invasive oximetry only and can be utilized in other medical fields of patient monitoring.
{"title":"Motion-tolerant pulse oximetry based on the wavelet transformation and adaptive peak filtering","authors":"S. Andruschenko, U. Timm, J. Kraitl, Elfed Lewis, Hartmut Ewald","doi":"10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752131","url":null,"abstract":"A novel motion-tolerant algorithm for continuous real-time monitoring of blood constituents by means of pulse oximetry is introduced. Motion artifacts frequently lead to false interpretations of the measured signal or can cause a failure of the signal detection. Therefore these disturbances are required to be recognized and suppressed while the useful signal should remain possibly unaffected. The technique is based on the continuous wavelet analysis combined with optional adaptive peak filtering to optimally estimate the physiological parameters. Presented algorithm appears to be a sensitive nonlinear method of processing the pulsative arrhythmic patterns in frequency domain. Reconstruction of the motion-corrupted PPG-waveform could allow an elicitation of the individual clinical parameters which yield additional data about the human health status. The method is not limited to non-invasive oximetry only and can be utilized in other medical fields of patient monitoring.","PeriodicalId":348448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132410015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752157
Mohammad Ebrahim Abbasi Dezfouli, S. Arab, E. Fatemizadeh, Najmeh Hosseynimanesh
Prediction of the amino acids that have a catalytic effect on the enzymes is a major stage in appointing the activity of the enzymes and classification. The biological activity of a protein usually depends on the existence of a small number of amino acids. Recently, many algorithms have been proposed in the literature for finding these amino acids which are complex and time consuming. In this paper, we will introduce a new method for predicting the active sites that will use the spatial coordinates and the type of amino acids that contain the active sites. In order to increase the speed we use an approximate graph isomorphism algorithm. Furthermore, this algorithm allows us to find several active sites for a protein and order them according to a RMSD (Root Mean Square Deviation) number which has several applications in biology.
{"title":"Finding protein active sites using approximate sub-graph isomorphism","authors":"Mohammad Ebrahim Abbasi Dezfouli, S. Arab, E. Fatemizadeh, Najmeh Hosseynimanesh","doi":"10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752157","url":null,"abstract":"Prediction of the amino acids that have a catalytic effect on the enzymes is a major stage in appointing the activity of the enzymes and classification. The biological activity of a protein usually depends on the existence of a small number of amino acids. Recently, many algorithms have been proposed in the literature for finding these amino acids which are complex and time consuming. In this paper, we will introduce a new method for predicting the active sites that will use the spatial coordinates and the type of amino acids that contain the active sites. In order to increase the speed we use an approximate graph isomorphism algorithm. Furthermore, this algorithm allows us to find several active sites for a protein and order them according to a RMSD (Root Mean Square Deviation) number which has several applications in biology.","PeriodicalId":348448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114440658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752075
M. Mozafari, F. Moztarzadeh
In this research, we present a facile, effective and green route for the synthesis of well-defined spherical lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) through the reaction between lead nitrate and sodium sulphide by virtue of its strong reduction and selective interaction abilities without using any surfactant, and evaluate its potential for use in biomedical imaging and biosensing applications. The average crystallite size using Scherrer's formula was about 13 nm and the calculated lattice constant using Bragg's equation was 0.5950 nm, which was very close to the value in the standard card JCPDS file No. 5–592, and the crystal structure of PbS QDs was in its cubic phase. The synthesized particles had well-defined spherical morphology, and the photoluminescence (PL) study showed that the emission spectrum was a strong and narrow band with high intensity which confirmed the high-quality luminescence properties of the prepared PbS QDs. A possible formation mechanism of the PbS QDs and its Potential in Biomedical Imaging Research and Biosensing has also been put forward and discussed.
{"title":"Green synthesis of well-defined spherical PbS quantum dots and its potential in biomedical imaging research and biosensing","authors":"M. Mozafari, F. Moztarzadeh","doi":"10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752075","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, we present a facile, effective and green route for the synthesis of well-defined spherical lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) through the reaction between lead nitrate and sodium sulphide by virtue of its strong reduction and selective interaction abilities without using any surfactant, and evaluate its potential for use in biomedical imaging and biosensing applications. The average crystallite size using Scherrer's formula was about 13 nm and the calculated lattice constant using Bragg's equation was 0.5950 nm, which was very close to the value in the standard card JCPDS file No. 5–592, and the crystal structure of PbS QDs was in its cubic phase. The synthesized particles had well-defined spherical morphology, and the photoluminescence (PL) study showed that the emission spectrum was a strong and narrow band with high intensity which confirmed the high-quality luminescence properties of the prepared PbS QDs. A possible formation mechanism of the PbS QDs and its Potential in Biomedical Imaging Research and Biosensing has also been put forward and discussed.","PeriodicalId":348448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123471251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：