Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752133
Grantham K. H. Pang, D. Qiao
Iontophoresis relies on active transportation of the charged medication agent within an electric field and delivers medication transdermally. It uses electric current to ionize drug molecules and propel them through the skin. It is a kind of transdermal drug delivery method, and hence the method has to handle the variability in skin characteristics of a patient. In this paper, a preliminary study based on the different models of the skin impedance is carried out. The purpose is to examine several skin models for iontophoretic drug delivery. This paper carries out a simulation study based on three different skin impedance models.
{"title":"Iontophoretic drug delivery models","authors":"Grantham K. H. Pang, D. Qiao","doi":"10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752133","url":null,"abstract":"Iontophoresis relies on active transportation of the charged medication agent within an electric field and delivers medication transdermally. It uses electric current to ionize drug molecules and propel them through the skin. It is a kind of transdermal drug delivery method, and hence the method has to handle the variability in skin characteristics of a patient. In this paper, a preliminary study based on the different models of the skin impedance is carried out. The purpose is to examine several skin models for iontophoretic drug delivery. This paper carries out a simulation study based on three different skin impedance models.","PeriodicalId":348448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130909740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752110
Gregoris Liasis, S. Petroudi
A method for the estimation of the breast contour in mammograms is presented. Segmentation of the breast region from the background is made difficult due to the fact that the compressed breast edge is mostly composed of adipose tissue that is radiolucent. The algorithm presented uses level sets to establish the corresponding skin-air boundary. An initial preprocessing procedure is performed where the image contrast is improved and the breast edge is enhanced. Artifacts, labels and noise are also removed from the mammogram. Following the breast boundary is identified using the level set formulation, by Chan and Vese, and the results are quantitatively evaluated against the radiologist's ground truth.
{"title":"Estimation of the skin-air interface in mammograms using level sets","authors":"Gregoris Liasis, S. Petroudi","doi":"10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752110","url":null,"abstract":"A method for the estimation of the breast contour in mammograms is presented. Segmentation of the breast region from the background is made difficult due to the fact that the compressed breast edge is mostly composed of adipose tissue that is radiolucent. The algorithm presented uses level sets to establish the corresponding skin-air boundary. An initial preprocessing procedure is performed where the image contrast is improved and the breast edge is enhanced. Artifacts, labels and noise are also removed from the mammogram. Following the breast boundary is identified using the level set formulation, by Chan and Vese, and the results are quantitatively evaluated against the radiologist's ground truth.","PeriodicalId":348448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130328726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752079
Abi Hayla Myriam, Ghoussayni Salim, E. David, Khalil Mohammad
Gait analysis is often defined as the study of human walking; typically involving computerised and instrumented measurement of the movement patterns that make up walking. It is gaining acceptance as a clinical tool for the investigation of complex gait disorders to inform treatment plans. However, although the raw results can be printed in minutes, the clinical team may spend many hours in interpreting the data. For this reason, the focus in this project is in developing a technique for the analysis of gait data to aid clinical interpretation. A software package will be developed based on automating the Rancho Observational Gait Analysis approach. An automated method will be used to denote gait deviations. Causes related to deviations will be listed and the results of additional tests that may help prove or refute any cause will also be included. A report will then be generated that includes all the above. The software will be tested with data from a group of patients to check its efficiency.
{"title":"An automated method for analysis of gait data to aid clinical interpretation","authors":"Abi Hayla Myriam, Ghoussayni Salim, E. David, Khalil Mohammad","doi":"10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752079","url":null,"abstract":"Gait analysis is often defined as the study of human walking; typically involving computerised and instrumented measurement of the movement patterns that make up walking. It is gaining acceptance as a clinical tool for the investigation of complex gait disorders to inform treatment plans. However, although the raw results can be printed in minutes, the clinical team may spend many hours in interpreting the data. For this reason, the focus in this project is in developing a technique for the analysis of gait data to aid clinical interpretation. A software package will be developed based on automating the Rancho Observational Gait Analysis approach. An automated method will be used to denote gait deviations. Causes related to deviations will be listed and the results of additional tests that may help prove or refute any cause will also be included. A report will then be generated that includes all the above. The software will be tested with data from a group of patients to check its efficiency.","PeriodicalId":348448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125878200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752154
Laleh Panjeh Shahi, H. Behnam, Ahmad Shalbaf, Z. Sani
Echocardiographic images have considerable noises (Especially speckle noise) because of their inherent nature and do not have desirable quality which makes difficult to analyze them. Therefore, it is essential to run pre-processing to reduce noises before their interpretation and analysis. In this paper, we have used Contourlet method to reduce the noise of echocardiographic images. In order to evaluate and compare the proposed method with some common de noising methods, three different criteria (mean square error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio and signal to mean square error) are used. The results showed that the proposed method is much better than the other methods. Moreover, according to expert echo cardiologist opinion, we have achieved maximum resolution other common de noising methods.
{"title":"Noise reduction in echocardigraphy images using Contourlet transform","authors":"Laleh Panjeh Shahi, H. Behnam, Ahmad Shalbaf, Z. Sani","doi":"10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752154","url":null,"abstract":"Echocardiographic images have considerable noises (Especially speckle noise) because of their inherent nature and do not have desirable quality which makes difficult to analyze them. Therefore, it is essential to run pre-processing to reduce noises before their interpretation and analysis. In this paper, we have used Contourlet method to reduce the noise of echocardiographic images. In order to evaluate and compare the proposed method with some common de noising methods, three different criteria (mean square error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio and signal to mean square error) are used. The results showed that the proposed method is much better than the other methods. Moreover, according to expert echo cardiologist opinion, we have achieved maximum resolution other common de noising methods.","PeriodicalId":348448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"24 23","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114047731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752098
J. Kijonka, M. Penhaker, J. Cernohorský
Patient monitor modules have various inputs for vital function measurement. We can practice many of these measurements with some students in the laboratory of biomedical engineering. However, invasive blood pressure (IBP) measurement demonstration is impossible. This paper is dealing with design and realization of a programmable invasive blood pressure simulator. This device is able to generate programmable behavior of voltage signal with correspond to blood pressure curve. The user communication interface of the device allows choosing the type of generated signal by LCD and 4 push buttons. The wide spectrums of generated signals, which correspond to physiological or pathological blood pressure curves, are stored in a user programmable memory. The output connectors of the device can be directly connected to a patient monitor IBP module input. Invasive blood pressure measurement simulation for educational purposes and calibrating the patients monitors are the general usages of the developed device.
{"title":"Invasive blood pressure curves simulation device","authors":"J. Kijonka, M. Penhaker, J. Cernohorský","doi":"10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752098","url":null,"abstract":"Patient monitor modules have various inputs for vital function measurement. We can practice many of these measurements with some students in the laboratory of biomedical engineering. However, invasive blood pressure (IBP) measurement demonstration is impossible. This paper is dealing with design and realization of a programmable invasive blood pressure simulator. This device is able to generate programmable behavior of voltage signal with correspond to blood pressure curve. The user communication interface of the device allows choosing the type of generated signal by LCD and 4 push buttons. The wide spectrums of generated signals, which correspond to physiological or pathological blood pressure curves, are stored in a user programmable memory. The output connectors of the device can be directly connected to a patient monitor IBP module input. Invasive blood pressure measurement simulation for educational purposes and calibrating the patients monitors are the general usages of the developed device.","PeriodicalId":348448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127627907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752147
M. Hassan, N. Bushra, I. Haq, F. Ahmed
The importance of Noble prize winning “Patch Clamp Technique” is well documented. However, Patch Clamp Technique is very expensive and hence hinders research in developing countries. In this paper detection, processing and recording of ultra low current from induced cells by using transimpedence amplifier is described. The sensitivity of the proposed amplifier is in the range of femto amperes (fA). Capacitive-feedback is used with active load to obtain a 20MΩ transimpedance gain. The challenging task in designing includes achieving adequate performance in gain, noise immunity and stability. The circuit designed by the authors was able to measure current in the range of 300 fA to 100 pA. Adequate performance shown by the amplifier with different input current and outcome result was found to be within the acceptable error range. Results were recorded using LabView 8.5® for further research.
{"title":"Detection and processing of full channel ionic current through indigenized Patch Clamp Technique","authors":"M. Hassan, N. Bushra, I. Haq, F. Ahmed","doi":"10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752147","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of Noble prize winning “Patch Clamp Technique” is well documented. However, Patch Clamp Technique is very expensive and hence hinders research in developing countries. In this paper detection, processing and recording of ultra low current from induced cells by using transimpedence amplifier is described. The sensitivity of the proposed amplifier is in the range of femto amperes (fA). Capacitive-feedback is used with active load to obtain a 20MΩ transimpedance gain. The challenging task in designing includes achieving adequate performance in gain, noise immunity and stability. The circuit designed by the authors was able to measure current in the range of 300 fA to 100 pA. Adequate performance shown by the amplifier with different input current and outcome result was found to be within the acceptable error range. Results were recorded using LabView 8.5® for further research.","PeriodicalId":348448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132458624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752118
V. Rogalewicz, G. J. Verkerke, R. Reilly, G. Catapano
A characteristic feature of biomedical engineering is multidisciplinarity. Engineers from different branches have to work together with life sciences experts. Their working culture is different: they speak different languages, think different ways, and if they say the same, usually they have something entirely different in mind. Moreover, the world is shrinking and people experience working in a multicultural environment. However, working in a multicultural team brings problems and conflicts. There are barriers to communication. The problem is that students are generally not aware of all these differences. This ignorance often frustrates cooperation and makes it difficult, limiting the possible benefits. Considering this a serious problem, European Society of Engineering and Medicine organizes a summer school “Biomedical Engineering Teamwork” to give students an opportunity to work in multidisciplinary multicultural teams, and teach them to exchange ideas and benefit from different approaches.
{"title":"Multidisciplinary teamwork training for progress in developing and using medical technology","authors":"V. Rogalewicz, G. J. Verkerke, R. Reilly, G. Catapano","doi":"10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752118","url":null,"abstract":"A characteristic feature of biomedical engineering is multidisciplinarity. Engineers from different branches have to work together with life sciences experts. Their working culture is different: they speak different languages, think different ways, and if they say the same, usually they have something entirely different in mind. Moreover, the world is shrinking and people experience working in a multicultural environment. However, working in a multicultural team brings problems and conflicts. There are barriers to communication. The problem is that students are generally not aware of all these differences. This ignorance often frustrates cooperation and makes it difficult, limiting the possible benefits. Considering this a serious problem, European Society of Engineering and Medicine organizes a summer school “Biomedical Engineering Teamwork” to give students an opportunity to work in multidisciplinary multicultural teams, and teach them to exchange ideas and benefit from different approaches.","PeriodicalId":348448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124038944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752087
P. Gifani, H. Behnam, Ahmad Shalbaf, Z. Sani
Medical applications of ultrasound imaging have expanded enormously over the last two decades. De-noising is challenging issues for better medical interpretation and diagnosis on high volume of data sets in echocardiography. In this paper, manifold learning algorithm is applied on 2-D echocardiography images to discover the relationship between the frames of consecutive cycles of the heart motion. By this approach, each image is depicted by a point on reconstructed two-dimensional manifold by Isomap algorithm and similar points related to similar images according to the property of periodic heartbeat cycle stand together. Noise reduction is achieved by averaging similar images on reconstructed manifold. By comparing the proposed method with some common methods and according to qualitative expert's opinions, the proposed method has maximum noise reduction, minimum blurring and better contrast among the similar methods.
{"title":"Noise reduction of echocardiography images using Isomap algorithm","authors":"P. Gifani, H. Behnam, Ahmad Shalbaf, Z. Sani","doi":"10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752087","url":null,"abstract":"Medical applications of ultrasound imaging have expanded enormously over the last two decades. De-noising is challenging issues for better medical interpretation and diagnosis on high volume of data sets in echocardiography. In this paper, manifold learning algorithm is applied on 2-D echocardiography images to discover the relationship between the frames of consecutive cycles of the heart motion. By this approach, each image is depicted by a point on reconstructed two-dimensional manifold by Isomap algorithm and similar points related to similar images according to the property of periodic heartbeat cycle stand together. Noise reduction is achieved by averaging similar images on reconstructed manifold. By comparing the proposed method with some common methods and according to qualitative expert's opinions, the proposed method has maximum noise reduction, minimum blurring and better contrast among the similar methods.","PeriodicalId":348448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126620759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752122
Olga Malgina, E. Plesnik, A. Košir, J. Milenkovic, M. Zajc, J. Tasic
In this article, two algorithms are described that are suited for real-time biomedical signal compression. These being, Amplitude Threshold compression and SQ segment compression. Comparison of these methods with well known methods such as lossy Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and lossless Turning Point (TP) is shown. The compression method outputs were reconstructed using a cubic spline approximation and compared. The values of compression ratio (CR), percent mean square difference (PRD) and area criteria were chosen for method comparison. Here it is shown that the method presented here (Threshold, SQ segment) provide considerably lower CR values than the DCT method and slightly higher CR values than the TP method. However, the PRD value for both proposed methods is lower than the PRD values of reference methods DCT and TP.
{"title":"Methods for ECG signal compression with reconstruction via cubic spline approximation","authors":"Olga Malgina, E. Plesnik, A. Košir, J. Milenkovic, M. Zajc, J. Tasic","doi":"10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752122","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, two algorithms are described that are suited for real-time biomedical signal compression. These being, Amplitude Threshold compression and SQ segment compression. Comparison of these methods with well known methods such as lossy Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and lossless Turning Point (TP) is shown. The compression method outputs were reconstructed using a cubic spline approximation and compared. The values of compression ratio (CR), percent mean square difference (PRD) and area criteria were chosen for method comparison. Here it is shown that the method presented here (Threshold, SQ segment) provide considerably lower CR values than the DCT method and slightly higher CR values than the TP method. However, the PRD value for both proposed methods is lower than the PRD values of reference methods DCT and TP.","PeriodicalId":348448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123723616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-19DOI: 10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752134
Soheil Kianzad, A. Amini, Soheil O. Karkouti
Using special tools at the end-effectors of Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) robots has an important role in building a simple and well controlled system that increases dexterity of surgeons. Having local, lightweight and powerful actuators at end-effectors could help to simplified wrist design and saving the number of degrees-of-freedom (DOFs). Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators considered as good candidates and presented significant behaviors in producing the force needed for gripping. In order to have force and tactile information of gripper, local sensors are needed to give force feedback which helps to have control over wire tension and prevent exceeding force causing tissue damages. In this paper a novel design of forceps that uses antagonistic SMA actuators is presented. This configuration helps to increase force and speed and eliminates bias spring used in similar works. Moreover, this antagonistic design makes it possible to provide sensors needed for force control and place them at the back part of the forceps instead of attaching them to jaws which will result in a smaller forceps design. To control the exerted force, a force control method is also presented using the feedback obtained through the sensors. This enhanced design seems to address some of the existing shortcomings of similar models and remove them effectively.
{"title":"Force control of laparoscopy grasper using antagonistic shape memory alloy","authors":"Soheil Kianzad, A. Amini, Soheil O. Karkouti","doi":"10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MECBME.2011.5752134","url":null,"abstract":"Using special tools at the end-effectors of Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) robots has an important role in building a simple and well controlled system that increases dexterity of surgeons. Having local, lightweight and powerful actuators at end-effectors could help to simplified wrist design and saving the number of degrees-of-freedom (DOFs). Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators considered as good candidates and presented significant behaviors in producing the force needed for gripping. In order to have force and tactile information of gripper, local sensors are needed to give force feedback which helps to have control over wire tension and prevent exceeding force causing tissue damages. In this paper a novel design of forceps that uses antagonistic SMA actuators is presented. This configuration helps to increase force and speed and eliminates bias spring used in similar works. Moreover, this antagonistic design makes it possible to provide sensors needed for force control and place them at the back part of the forceps instead of attaching them to jaws which will result in a smaller forceps design. To control the exerted force, a force control method is also presented using the feedback obtained through the sensors. This enhanced design seems to address some of the existing shortcomings of similar models and remove them effectively.","PeriodicalId":348448,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st Middle East Conference on Biomedical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131329675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：