Pub Date : 2020-11-16DOI: 10.18512/rbms2020v19e1190
E. Gomes, U.G. Paula Lana, Marina Eleutério Gói De Moraes Rodrigues, S. M. de Sousa, C. Oliveira, Amanda Nayê GUIMARÃES TAVARES
The use of bioinoculants with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) is a sustainable agricultural practice that has been expanding worldwide. Thus, it is fundamental to characterize these bacteria molecularly to provide better security and traceability for bioinoculants production. This work aimed to identify, characterize and develop specific molecular markers for Bacillus strains related to plant-growing promotion. Five strains were identified as B. pumillus (B32), B. thuringiensis (B116), B. megaterium (B119) and B. subitilis (B2082 and B2084) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Repetitive element palindromic (Rep-PCR) and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) techniques allowed the discrimination of the strains, except B2082 and B2084 that presented identical genetic profiles, indicating that they are same or genetically close isolates. Moreover, specific molecular markers were developed for B116 and B119 strains and may be used for microbial inoculants production quality control, strains traceability and to detail PGPB colonization.
{"title":"POLYPHASIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Bacillus STRAINS ISOLATED FROM MAIZE","authors":"E. Gomes, U.G. Paula Lana, Marina Eleutério Gói De Moraes Rodrigues, S. M. de Sousa, C. Oliveira, Amanda Nayê GUIMARÃES TAVARES","doi":"10.18512/rbms2020v19e1190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2020v19e1190","url":null,"abstract":"The use of bioinoculants with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) is a sustainable agricultural practice that has been expanding worldwide. Thus, it is fundamental to characterize these bacteria molecularly to provide better security and traceability for bioinoculants production. This work aimed to identify, characterize and develop specific molecular markers for Bacillus strains related to plant-growing promotion. Five strains were identified as B. pumillus (B32), B. thuringiensis (B116), B. megaterium (B119) and B. subitilis (B2082 and B2084) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Repetitive element palindromic (Rep-PCR) and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) techniques allowed the discrimination of the strains, except B2082 and B2084 that presented identical genetic profiles, indicating that they are same or genetically close isolates. Moreover, specific molecular markers were developed for B116 and B119 strains and may be used for microbial inoculants production quality control, strains traceability and to detail PGPB colonization.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47653617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-16DOI: 10.18512/rbms2020v19e1122
Bruno Volsi, G. H. L. D. Castro, G. V. Costa, Matheus Felipe De Padua Severino, T. S. Telles
The Brazilian state of Paraná is one of the leading producers of maize. However, expansion of soybean cropping has caused a drop in maize production and could have impacted production systems. The aim of the study was to verify the evolution and identify the structure, spatial dynamics and transformation of maize and soybean production systems in the state of Paraná. Municipal Agricultural Production data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) provided the basis for this study. The Location Quotient was analyzed to identify microregions specialized in the production of soybean and first and second crops of maize. Principal components and groups were analyzed in order to characterize the structure and dynamics of maize and soybean production systems in specialized microregions. The results show how maize and soybean production systems have been transformed; soybean is now cropped in areas previously occupied by first crop maize, and the area occupied by second crop maize has increased. This has led to the predominant use of the crop rotation system with first crop soybean followed by second crop maize.
{"title":"SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, EVOLUTION AND STRUCTURE OF MAIZE AND SOYBEAN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN STATE OF PARANÁ","authors":"Bruno Volsi, G. H. L. D. Castro, G. V. Costa, Matheus Felipe De Padua Severino, T. S. Telles","doi":"10.18512/rbms2020v19e1122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2020v19e1122","url":null,"abstract":"The Brazilian state of Paraná is one of the leading producers of maize. However, expansion of soybean cropping has caused a drop in maize production and could have impacted production systems. The aim of the study was to verify the evolution and identify the structure, spatial dynamics and transformation of maize and soybean production systems in the state of Paraná. Municipal Agricultural Production data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) provided the basis for this study. The Location Quotient was analyzed to identify microregions specialized in the production of soybean and first and second crops of maize. Principal components and groups were analyzed in order to characterize the structure and dynamics of maize and soybean production systems in specialized microregions. The results show how maize and soybean production systems have been transformed; soybean is now cropped in areas previously occupied by first crop maize, and the area occupied by second crop maize has increased. This has led to the predominant use of the crop rotation system with first crop soybean followed by second crop maize.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47727162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-16DOI: 10.18512/rbms2020v19e1137
D. Barreta, D. Baretta, F. Simioni, Luiz Alberto Nottar
The aim of this work was to carry out an economic analysis of production systems with the use of cold season pastures followed by maize cultivation with surface application of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizer. The treatments were: black oat + 200 kg of N ha-1 (Bo+N); black oat + white clover (Bo+Wc); black oat + vetch (Bo+Ve); black oat + red clover (Bo+Rc); and black oat + forage peanut (Bo+Fp). Experimental randomized block design was used, with four replications. The forage species were evaluated as to dry matter production, chemical-bromatological composition, estimated milk production (kg ha-1) and gross income (R$ ha-1). Maize was cultivated in succession, with doses of 0, 100 and 200 kg of N ha-1, in a split-plot design. Among the profitability indices evaluated, the gross margin (R$ ha-1) stands outs. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared through Tukey's test at 5% probability. In the pasture phase, the Bo+N treatment presented higher gross income. In the cropping phase, the gross margin was higher in the Bo+Ve treatment, but it did not differ from the Bo+N treatment. In terms of system, the best economic result was obtained with the Bo+N treatment.
这项工作的目的是对使用冷季牧场的生产系统进行经济分析，然后种植玉米，表面施用增加剂量的氮肥。处理为：黑燕麦+200kg N ha-1（Bo+N）；黑燕麦+白三叶草（Bo+Wc）；黑燕麦+vetch（Bo+Ve）；黑燕麦+红三叶草（Bo+Rc）；黑燕麦+饲料花生（Bo+Fp）。采用实验随机区组设计，四次重复。对饲草物种的干物质产量、化学溴化物成分、估计产奶量（kg ha-1）和总收入（R$ha-1）进行了评估。玉米以0、100和200kg N ha-1的剂量连续种植，采用分块设计。在评估的盈利能力指数中，毛利率（R$ha-1）尤为突出。将数据提交给方差分析，并以5%的概率通过Tukey检验对平均值进行比较。在放牧阶段，Bo+N处理的总收入较高。在种植阶段，Bo+Ve处理的毛利率较高，但与Bo+N处理没有差异。在系统方面，Bo+N处理取得了最佳的经济效果。
{"title":"ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MAIZE GROWN UNDER INCREASING NITROGEN DOSES IN SUCCESSION TO INTERCROPPED PASTURES","authors":"D. Barreta, D. Baretta, F. Simioni, Luiz Alberto Nottar","doi":"10.18512/rbms2020v19e1137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2020v19e1137","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to carry out an economic analysis of production systems with the use of cold season pastures followed by maize cultivation with surface application of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizer. The treatments were: black oat + 200 kg of N ha-1 (Bo+N); black oat + white clover (Bo+Wc); black oat + vetch (Bo+Ve); black oat + red clover (Bo+Rc); and black oat + forage peanut (Bo+Fp). Experimental randomized block design was used, with four replications. The forage species were evaluated as to dry matter production, chemical-bromatological composition, estimated milk production (kg ha-1) and gross income (R$ ha-1). Maize was cultivated in succession, with doses of 0, 100 and 200 kg of N ha-1, in a split-plot design. Among the profitability indices evaluated, the gross margin (R$ ha-1) stands outs. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared through Tukey's test at 5% probability. In the pasture phase, the Bo+N treatment presented higher gross income. In the cropping phase, the gross margin was higher in the Bo+Ve treatment, but it did not differ from the Bo+N treatment. In terms of system, the best economic result was obtained with the Bo+N treatment.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44776801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.18512/rbms2020v19e1177
B. Mattos, I. Marriel, S. M. de Sousa, U. Lana, R. Schaffert, E. Gomes, C. A. O. Paiva
Sorghum bicolor adapts to phosphorus (P) deficient soils through mechanisms that contribute to its absorption and solubilization, including the association with microorganisms. The direct application of rock phosphate (RP) and the inoculation with phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is a sustainable alternative for P supply to the crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PSB inoculation of two sorghum genotypes with different P responses (BR007 - efficient and responsive and SC283 - efficient and non-responsive), cultivated in soil fertilized with RP and triple superphosphate (TSP), in greenhouse and field experiments. The sorghum genotypes were inoculated separately with the Bacillus strains that are efficient in P solubilization, B116 and B70, and cultivated under different P fertilization sources (TSP, RP, ½TSP + ½RP). The results suggest that the inoculation response was dependent on sorghum genotype, P source and microbial strain. Inoculation of the genotype BR007 significantly increased root biomass and grain P content under greenhouse conditions, as well as yield and grain P content in field experiments, but no effect was observed on genotype SC283. The use of PSB as bioinoculants, in combination with RP, is a promising alternative to reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers, contributing to the sustainable sorghum production.
{"title":"SORGHUM GENOTYPES RESPONSE TO INOCULATION WITH PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA","authors":"B. Mattos, I. Marriel, S. M. de Sousa, U. Lana, R. Schaffert, E. Gomes, C. A. O. Paiva","doi":"10.18512/rbms2020v19e1177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2020v19e1177","url":null,"abstract":"Sorghum bicolor adapts to phosphorus (P) deficient soils through mechanisms that contribute to its absorption and solubilization, including the association with microorganisms. The direct application of rock phosphate (RP) and the inoculation with phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is a sustainable alternative for P supply to the crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PSB inoculation of two sorghum genotypes with different P responses (BR007 - efficient and responsive and SC283 - efficient and non-responsive), cultivated in soil fertilized with RP and triple superphosphate (TSP), in greenhouse and field experiments. The sorghum genotypes were inoculated separately with the Bacillus strains that are efficient in P solubilization, B116 and B70, and cultivated under different P fertilization sources (TSP, RP, ½TSP + ½RP). The results suggest that the inoculation response was dependent on sorghum genotype, P source and microbial strain. Inoculation of the genotype BR007 significantly increased root biomass and grain P content under greenhouse conditions, as well as yield and grain P content in field experiments, but no effect was observed on genotype SC283. The use of PSB as bioinoculants, in combination with RP, is a promising alternative to reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers, contributing to the sustainable sorghum production.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47019416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-13DOI: 10.18512/rbms2020v19e1128
Mariucélio Santos Lima, Caio Querne De Carvalho, Lucas Matheus Padovese, L. A. Ferreira, R. S. D. O. Júnior, D. F. Biffe
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an interesting alternativefor biomass and ethanol production, however, so far there is very limited knowledge regarding selective herbicide options for weed control in this crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of preemergence herbicides for sweet sorghum. This research was composed by two steps: in the first one, a greenhouse screening was carried out with several herbicide treatments and in the following step the most selective treatments were evaluated on field conditions. In sandy clay loam texture soil, the treatments involving atrazine (1000 and 2000 g ha-1), amicarbazone (210 g ha-1), trifluralin (500 g ha-1) and flumioxazin (25 g ha-1) provided the greatest levels of selectivity to sweet sorghum. In clay soil (64.7% clay), the treatments with atrazine (1000, 1500 and 2000 g ha-1), amicarbazone (280 g ha-1), S-metolachlor (480 g ha-1), [atrazine + S-metolachlor] ([601+471,2 g ha-1), pendimethalin (500 g ha-1) and imazethapyr (42.4 and 63.6 g ha-1) provided the lowest levels of crop injury, and were considered as the most selective for sweet sorghum. Herbicide treatments applied to sandy clay loam soil provided more injuries to sweet sorghum than those applied to clay soil.
甜高粱(sorghum bicolor, L.)Moench)是生物质和乙醇生产的一个有趣的替代品，然而，到目前为止，关于这种作物的杂草控制的选择性除草剂选择的知识非常有限。本研究的目的是评价出苗期除草剂对甜高粱的选择性。本研究分为两个步骤:第一步，对几种除草剂处理进行温室筛选，然后在田间条件下对最具选择性的处理进行评价。在砂质粘土壤土中，阿特拉津(1000和2000 g hm -1)、氨基脲酮(210 g hm -1)、三氟灵(500 g hm -1)和氟恶嗪(25 g hm -1)处理对甜高粱的选择性最高。在粘土(64.7%粘土)土壤中，阿特拉津(1000、1500和2000 g ha-1)、氨基脲(280 g ha-1)、s -异甲草胺(480 g ha-1)、[阿特拉津+ s -异甲草胺]([601+471,2 g ha-1)、戊二甲基灵(500 g ha-1)和咪唑乙啶(42.4和63.6 g ha-1)处理对甜高粱的伤害最低，且选择性最强。砂质粘土壤土除草剂处理对甜高粱的危害大于粘土除草剂处理。
{"title":"HERBICIDE SELECTIVITY IN PREEMERGENCE OF SWEET SORGHUM CULTIVATED IN DIFFERENT SOIL TEXTURE","authors":"Mariucélio Santos Lima, Caio Querne De Carvalho, Lucas Matheus Padovese, L. A. Ferreira, R. S. D. O. Júnior, D. F. Biffe","doi":"10.18512/rbms2020v19e1128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2020v19e1128","url":null,"abstract":"Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an interesting alternativefor biomass and ethanol production, however, so far there is very limited knowledge regarding selective herbicide options for weed control in this crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of preemergence herbicides for sweet sorghum. This research was composed by two steps: in the first one, a greenhouse screening was carried out with several herbicide treatments and in the following step the most selective treatments were evaluated on field conditions. In sandy clay loam texture soil, the treatments involving atrazine (1000 and 2000 g ha-1), amicarbazone (210 g ha-1), trifluralin (500 g ha-1) and flumioxazin (25 g ha-1) provided the greatest levels of selectivity to sweet sorghum. In clay soil (64.7% clay), the treatments with atrazine (1000, 1500 and 2000 g ha-1), amicarbazone (280 g ha-1), S-metolachlor (480 g ha-1), [atrazine + S-metolachlor] ([601+471,2 g ha-1), pendimethalin (500 g ha-1) and imazethapyr (42.4 and 63.6 g ha-1) provided the lowest levels of crop injury, and were considered as the most selective for sweet sorghum. Herbicide treatments applied to sandy clay loam soil provided more injuries to sweet sorghum than those applied to clay soil.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47632753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-17DOI: 10.18512/rbms2020v19e1129
M. J. Cardoso, H. D. Carvalho, L. M. Rocha, L. Guimaraes, P. E. Guimarães
The objective of this work was to evaluate commercial maize hybrids, under conventional sprinkler irrigation, in two sowing seasons (July and August 2017), in the municipality of Teresina, Piauí. A randomized block design was used, with two replications and 39 treatments (commercial maize hybrids). The characteristics evaluated were grain yield, water use efficiency, number of ears and number of grains per area. For the experiment with sowing done in July 2017, the average grain yield was 9.82 Mg ha-1 and the water use efficiency was 1.9 kg m-3, which are, respectively, 4.7 % and 15.8 % higher in relation to the experiment with sowing done in August 2017. Regardless of the sowing season, grain yields over 10.0 Mg ha-1 of three hybrids (LG 6418, CD 3880 PW and 2A 401 PW) stand out. The yield components, number of kernels per ear and grain mass per ear, show high values of correlation (over 0.80) with grain yield.
{"title":"IRRIGATED MAIZE CROP: GRAIN YIELD IN TWO SOWING SEASONS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF TERESINA, PIAUÍ","authors":"M. J. Cardoso, H. D. Carvalho, L. M. Rocha, L. Guimaraes, P. E. Guimarães","doi":"10.18512/rbms2020v19e1129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/rbms2020v19e1129","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to evaluate commercial maize hybrids, under conventional sprinkler irrigation, in two sowing seasons (July and August 2017), in the municipality of Teresina, Piauí. A randomized block design was used, with two replications and 39 treatments (commercial maize hybrids). The characteristics evaluated were grain yield, water use efficiency, number of ears and number of grains per area. For the experiment with sowing done in July 2017, the average grain yield was 9.82 Mg ha-1 and the water use efficiency was 1.9 kg m-3, which are, respectively, 4.7 % and 15.8 % higher in relation to the experiment with sowing done in August 2017. Regardless of the sowing season, grain yields over 10.0 Mg ha-1 of three hybrids (LG 6418, CD 3880 PW and 2A 401 PW) stand out. The yield components, number of kernels per ear and grain mass per ear, show high values of correlation (over 0.80) with grain yield.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47405237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcus Carvalho, E. A. Bastos, M. J. Cardoso, A. S. A. Andrade Júnior, Marcelo Ribeiro Silva
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of row spacing and planting density, under different water regimes, on dry grain production of the maize hybrid AG -1051, in Teresina, Piauí. Two experiments were conducted with the use of a conventional sprinkler system for irrigation, being one with 100% and the other with 50% crop evapotranspiration (ETc) replacement. A randomized block experimental design was used, in a 5x2 factorial scheme, combining five planting densities (PD) (20,000; 40,000; 60,000; 80,000; and 100,000 plants ha-1) and two spacings between rows (RS) (0.5 and 1.0 m), with four replications. The weight of 100 grains, cob percentage, grain yield, and water use efficiency were evaluated. The increment of planting density caused a linear decrease in the 100-grain weight and increment of the cob percentage in relation to the total ear weight. Under full irrigation regime, the combination of the 0.5 m row spacing and planting density of 72,000 plants ha-1 provided maximum yield of 7.2 Mg ha-1. Under water deficit condition, the maximum yield of 4.8 Mg ha-1 was reached in the combination of the 0.5 m row spacing and planting density of 67,000 plants ha-1..The total water depth of 419 mm provided maximum WUE of 1.70 kg m-3. The total water depth of 268 mm caused a reduction in WUE with maximum point of 1.54 kg m-3.
本研究的目的是评估不同水分条件下，行距和种植密度对PiauíTeresina玉米杂交种AG-1051的干粒产量的影响。使用传统的喷灌系统进行了两个实验，一个是100%的作物蒸发蒸腾量替代，另一个是50%的作物蒸发蒸散量替代。采用随机区组实验设计，采用5x2因子方案，结合五种种植密度（PD）（20000；40000；60000；80000；和100000株ha-1）和两个行间距（RS）（0.5和1.0m），进行四次重复。对百粒重、玉米芯率、籽粒产量和水分利用效率进行了评价。种植密度的增加导致百粒重线性下降，玉米芯率相对于穗重的增加。在全灌溉条件下，0.5米的行距和7.2万株ha-1的种植密度相结合，可获得7.2 Mg ha-1的最大产量。在缺水条件下，当行距为0.5m，种植密度为67000株ha-1时，产量最高可达4.8 Mg ha-1。总水深为419mm时，最大WUE为1.70 kg m-3。268mm的总水深导致WUE降低，最大点为1.54kg m-3。
{"title":"PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE CROP IRRIGATED WITH AND WITHOUT WATER DEFICIT IN DIFFERENT PLANT ARRANGEMENTS","authors":"Marcus Carvalho, E. A. Bastos, M. J. Cardoso, A. S. A. Andrade Júnior, Marcelo Ribeiro Silva","doi":"10.18512/1980-6477/RBMS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/RBMS","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of row spacing and planting density, under different water regimes, on dry grain production of the maize hybrid AG -1051, in Teresina, Piauí. Two experiments were conducted with the use of a conventional sprinkler system for irrigation, being one with 100% and the other with 50% crop evapotranspiration (ETc) replacement. A randomized block experimental design was used, in a 5x2 factorial scheme, combining five planting densities (PD) (20,000; 40,000; 60,000; 80,000; and 100,000 plants ha-1) and two spacings between rows (RS) (0.5 and 1.0 m), with four replications. The weight of 100 grains, cob percentage, grain yield, and water use efficiency were evaluated. The increment of planting density caused a linear decrease in the 100-grain weight and increment of the cob percentage in relation to the total ear weight. Under full irrigation regime, the combination of the 0.5 m row spacing and planting density of 72,000 plants ha-1 provided maximum yield of 7.2 Mg ha-1. Under water deficit condition, the maximum yield of 4.8 Mg ha-1 was reached in the combination of the 0.5 m row spacing and planting density of 67,000 plants ha-1..The total water depth of 419 mm provided maximum WUE of 1.70 kg m-3. The total water depth of 268 mm caused a reduction in WUE with maximum point of 1.54 kg m-3.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42324610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-23DOI: 10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v19n1p10
E. Gollo, A. D. Robaina, M. X. Peiter, E. Marchesan, Robson Giacomeli, G. Cassol
The raised seedbed implantation system and the use of surfaceirrigation can be important practices to enable rotation with rice and ensure the expression of the productive potential of maize in lowland areas. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the use of implantation systems and surface irrigation on agronomic characteristics and grain yield of maize crop in lowland areas. Two experiments were conducted in the experimental lowland area of the Federal University of Santa Maria – UFSM, during the 2014/15 crop season. The experiments consisted in the use of implantation systems with and without raised seedbeds and surface irrigation. The evaluated characteristics were plant height, shoot dry mass, leaf area index, yield components and grain yield. Plant height, leaf area index and shoot dry mass are higher when maize is grown in raised seedbeds in lowland areas. The raised seedbed system can be considered an efficient way to improve drainage in the cultivation area, resulting in a higher grain yield. The use of irrigation during periods of water deficit, in the critical period of crop growth, increases the grain yield of maize grown in lowland areas.
{"title":"IMPLANTATION SYSTEMS AND SURFACE IRRIGATION FOR MAIZE CROP IN LOWLAND AREAS","authors":"E. Gollo, A. D. Robaina, M. X. Peiter, E. Marchesan, Robson Giacomeli, G. Cassol","doi":"10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v19n1p10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v19n1p10","url":null,"abstract":"The raised seedbed implantation system and the use of surfaceirrigation can be important practices to enable rotation with rice and ensure the expression of the productive potential of maize in lowland areas. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the use of implantation systems and surface irrigation on agronomic characteristics and grain yield of maize crop in lowland areas. Two experiments were conducted in the experimental lowland area of the Federal University of Santa Maria – UFSM, during the 2014/15 crop season. The experiments consisted in the use of implantation systems with and without raised seedbeds and surface irrigation. The evaluated characteristics were plant height, shoot dry mass, leaf area index, yield components and grain yield. Plant height, leaf area index and shoot dry mass are higher when maize is grown in raised seedbeds in lowland areas. The raised seedbed system can be considered an efficient way to improve drainage in the cultivation area, resulting in a higher grain yield. The use of irrigation during periods of water deficit, in the critical period of crop growth, increases the grain yield of maize grown in lowland areas.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45266600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-23DOI: 10.18512/1980-6477/RBMS.V19N1P16E1153
A. Castro, A. Latini, I. Cruz, M. A. Fadini
The natural biological control of soil pests is poorly studied. Notably, the control of Helicoverpa armigera in the pupae stage is unknown. To increase knowledge about the control of this pest in organic and conventional maize crop, tests were conducted to verify if the duration of pupae availability in days, the type of crop treatment (organic and conventional), the stage of crop development, and the depth of the soil significantly affect predation by natural enemies. The pupaeavailability time (days) in the soil did not affect their removal by natural enemies. However, in the fallow stage, on the surface and in the reproductive phase, the predation was higher. In organic maize, predation was 15% higher when compared to conventional maize. The rupture of the soil and the possible losses associated with beneficial fauna were the main factors responsible for higher predation during fallow, so conservationist practices usually used in organic treatment are the main reason for higher predation in this type of crop. There is a significant decrease in the control of H. armigera pests by natural enemies when maize is grown using conventional practices, what reinforces the importance of the conservation techniques used in maize crops.
{"title":"NATURAL CONTROL OF Helicoverpa armigera (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) PUPAE IN ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL MAIZE CROPS","authors":"A. Castro, A. Latini, I. Cruz, M. A. Fadini","doi":"10.18512/1980-6477/RBMS.V19N1P16E1153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/RBMS.V19N1P16E1153","url":null,"abstract":"The natural biological control of soil pests is poorly studied. Notably, the control of Helicoverpa armigera in the pupae stage is unknown. To increase knowledge about the control of this pest in organic and conventional maize crop, tests were conducted to verify if the duration of pupae availability in days, the type of crop treatment (organic and conventional), the stage of crop development, and the depth of the soil significantly affect predation by natural enemies. The pupaeavailability time (days) in the soil did not affect their removal by natural enemies. However, in the fallow stage, on the surface and in the reproductive phase, the predation was higher. In organic maize, predation was 15% higher when compared to conventional maize. The rupture of the soil and the possible losses associated with beneficial fauna were the main factors responsible for higher predation during fallow, so conservationist practices usually used in organic treatment are the main reason for higher predation in this type of crop. There is a significant decrease in the control of H. armigera pests by natural enemies when maize is grown using conventional practices, what reinforces the importance of the conservation techniques used in maize crops.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41523499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-29DOI: 10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v19n1p12
Paulo Gleisson Rodrigues de Sousa, T. V. D. A. Viana, C. M. Carvalho, José de Paula Firmiano de Sousa, Kilmer Coelho Campos, B. M. Azevedo
The objective of this work was to evaluate the production costs and profitability indexes of sorghum crop for silage production under different irrigation depths. The work was conducted at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará (IFCE) – Umirim Campus, from September to December 2016. The treatments were arranged in 5 x 5 split plots with 5 replications. Irrigations were performed on a daily basis, and the applied depths were calculated based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc). The primary treatments were 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of ETc, associated with different levels of carnauba bagana mulch (0.00, 2.50, 3.75, 5.00, and 6.25 cm). Effective Operating Cost (EOC), Total Operating Cost (TOC), Gross Revenue (GR), Operating Profit (OP), Profitability Index (PI) and Break-Even Price (BEP) were estimated. According to the indicators analyzed, it was found that this is a promising crop within the different agricultural production schools, with favorable rates for the producer. The variety evaluated presents high resistance as to the water limitation factor, showing positive indicators such as break-even point below the average prices practiced in the region.
{"title":"ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION DEPTHS IN FORAGE SORGHUM CROPS","authors":"Paulo Gleisson Rodrigues de Sousa, T. V. D. A. Viana, C. M. Carvalho, José de Paula Firmiano de Sousa, Kilmer Coelho Campos, B. M. Azevedo","doi":"10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v19n1p12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v19n1p12","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to evaluate the production costs and profitability indexes of sorghum crop for silage production under different irrigation depths. The work was conducted at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará (IFCE) – Umirim Campus, from September to December 2016. The treatments were arranged in 5 x 5 split plots with 5 replications. Irrigations were performed on a daily basis, and the applied depths were calculated based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc). The primary treatments were 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of ETc, associated with different levels of carnauba bagana mulch (0.00, 2.50, 3.75, 5.00, and 6.25 cm). Effective Operating Cost (EOC), Total Operating Cost (TOC), Gross Revenue (GR), Operating Profit (OP), Profitability Index (PI) and Break-Even Price (BEP) were estimated. According to the indicators analyzed, it was found that this is a promising crop within the different agricultural production schools, with favorable rates for the producer. The variety evaluated presents high resistance as to the water limitation factor, showing positive indicators such as break-even point below the average prices practiced in the region.","PeriodicalId":34859,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48993829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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