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Communicative Development and Diffusion of Humanoid AI Robots for the Post-Pandemic Health Care System 大流行后卫生保健系统中人形人工智能机器人的交流发展和传播
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.30658/hmc.3.5
Do Kyun David Kim, Gary Kreps, Rukhsana Ahmed
As humanoid robot technology, anthropomorphized by artificial intelligence (AI), has rapidly advanced to introduce more human-resembling automated robots that can communicate, interact, and work like humans, we have begun to expect active interactions with Humanoid AI Robots (HAIRs) in the near future. Coupled with the HAIR technology development, the COVID-19 pandemic triggered our interest in using health care robots with many substantial advantages that overcome critical human vulnerabilities against the strong infectious COVID-19 virus. Recognizing the tremendous potential for the active application of HAIRs, this article explores feasible ways to implement HAIRs in health care and patient services and suggests recommendations for strategically developing and diffusing autonomous HAIRs in health care facilities. While discussing the integration of HAIRs into health care, this article points out some important ethical concerns that should be addressed for implementing HAIRs for health care services.
随着人工智能(AI)拟人化的类人机器人技术迅速发展,引入了更多类似人类的自动化机器人,它们可以像人类一样交流、互动和工作,我们已经开始期待在不久的将来与类人AI机器人(hair)进行积极的互动。加上HAIR技术的发展,COVID-19大流行引发了我们对使用具有许多实质性优势的医疗保健机器人的兴趣,这些优势克服了人类对强传染性COVID-19病毒的关键弱点。认识到毛发积极应用的巨大潜力,本文探讨了在医疗保健和患者服务中实施毛发的可行方法,并提出了在医疗保健设施中战略性地开发和推广毛发的建议。在讨论毛发纳入医疗保健的同时,本文指出了实施毛发用于医疗保健服务时应解决的一些重要的伦理问题。
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引用次数: 2
The Role of Vidura Chatbot in the Diffusion of KnowCOVID-19 Gateway Vidura聊天机器人在KnowCOVID-19网关传播中的作用
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.30658/hmc.3.4
Kerk F. Kee, P. Calyam, Hariharan Regunath
The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented global emergency. Clinicians and medical researchers are suddenly thrown into a situation where they need to keep up with the latest and best evidence for decision-making at work in order to save lives and develop solutions for COVID-19 treatments and preventions. However, a challenge is the overwhelming numbers of online publications with a wide range of quality. We explain a science gateway platform designed to help users to filter the overwhelming amount of literature efficiently (with speed) and effectively (with quality), to find answers to their scientific questions. It is equipped with a chatbot to assist users to overcome infodemic, low usability, and high learning curve. We argue that human-machine communication via a chatbot play a critical role in enabling the diffusion of innovations.
新冠肺炎大流行是前所未有的全球紧急情况。临床医生和医学研究人员突然陷入一种境地,他们需要掌握最新和最好的证据,以便在工作中做出决策,以拯救生命并开发新冠肺炎治疗和预防的解决方案。然而,一个挑战是数量庞大、质量参差不齐的在线出版物。我们解释了一个科学门户平台,旨在帮助用户高效(快速)、有效(高质量)地过滤大量文献,找到他们科学问题的答案。它配备了聊天机器人,帮助用户克服信息不对称、可用性低和学习曲线高的问题。我们认为,通过聊天机器人进行的人机交流在促进创新传播方面发挥着关键作用。
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引用次数: 2
The Effects of Situational and Individual Factors on Algorithm Acceptance in COVID-19-Related Decision-Making: A Preregistered Online Experiment 情境和个体因素对新冠肺炎相关决策算法接受度的影响——一项预注册在线实验
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.30658/hmc.3.3
S. Utz, Lara N. Wolfers, A. Göritz
In times of the COVID-19 pandemic, difficult decisions such as the distribution of ventilators must be made. For many of these decisions, humans could team up with algorithms; however, people often prefer human decision-makers. We examined the role of situational (morality of the scenario; perspective) and individual factors (need for leadership; conventionalism) for algorithm preference in a preregistered online experiment with German adults (n = 1,127). As expected, algorithm preference was lowest in the most moral-laden scenario. The effect of perspective (i.e., decision-makers vs. decision targets) was only significant in the most moral scenario. Need for leadership predicted a stronger algorithm preference, whereas conventionalism was related to weaker algorithm preference. Exploratory analyses revealed that attitudes and knowledge also mattered, stressing the importance of individual factors.
在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,必须做出分发呼吸机等艰难决定。对于其中的许多决策,人类可以与算法合作;然而,人们通常更喜欢人类决策者。我们考察了情境(情境道德)的作用;视角)和个人因素(领导力需求;在德国成年人(n = 1,127)中预先注册的在线实验中,传统主义)对算法偏好的影响。正如预期的那样,在道德负担最重的情况下,算法偏好最低。视角的影响(即决策者vs.决策目标)只在最道德的场景中显著。领导需要预测较强的算法偏好,而传统主义预测较弱的算法偏好。探索性分析表明,态度和知识也很重要,强调了个人因素的重要性。
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引用次数: 5
Leveraging the Rhetorical Energies of Machines: COVID-19, Misinformation, and Persuasive Labor 利用机器的修辞能量:COVID-19,错误信息和有说服力的劳动
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.30658/hmc.3.2
Miles C. Coleman
The rampant misinformation amid the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates an obvious need for persuasion. This article draws on the fields of digital rhetoric and rhetoric of science, technology, and medicine to explore the persuasive threats and opportunities machine communicators pose to public health. As a specific case, Alexa and the machine’s performative similarities to the Oracle at Delphi are tracked alongside the voice-based assistant’s further resonances with the discourses of expert systems to develop an account of the machine’s rhetorical energies. From here, machine communicators are discussed as optimal deliverers of inoculations against misinformation in light of the fact that their performances are attended by rhetorical energies that can enliven persuasions against misinformation.
COVID-19大流行期间猖獗的错误信息表明,显然需要说服。本文利用数字修辞学和科学、技术和医学修辞学领域来探索机器传播者对公共卫生构成的有说服力的威胁和机会。作为一个具体案例,Alexa和机器的表现与德尔福甲骨文的相似之处,以及基于语音的助手与专家系统话语的进一步共鸣,都被跟踪,以发展机器修辞能量的账户。从这里开始,机器传播者被讨论为预防错误信息的最佳传播者,因为它们的表演伴随着修辞能量,可以激活反对错误信息的说服力。
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引用次数: 2
What Will Affect the Diffusion of AI Agents? 什么会影响人工智能代理的扩散?
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.30658/hmc.3.6
J. Dearing
For billions of people, the threat of the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and its variants has precipitated the adoption of new behaviors. Pandemics are radical events that disrupt the gradual course of societal change, offering the possibility that some rapidly adopted innovations will persist in use past the time period of the event and, thus, diffuse more rapidly than in the absence of such an event. Human-machine communication includes a range of technologies with which many of us have quickly become more familiar due to stay-athome orders, distancing, workplace closures, remote instruction, home-bound entertainment, fear of contracting COVID-19, and boredom. In this commentary I focus on Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents, and specifically chatbots, in considering the factors that may affect chatbot diffusion. I consider anthropomorphism and expectancy violations, the characteristics of chatbots, business imperatives, millennials and younger users, and from the user perspective, uses and gratifications.
对数十亿人来说,新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2及其变种的威胁促使人们采取了新的行为。流行病是破坏社会变革渐进进程的激进事件,它提供了一种可能性,即一些快速采用的创新将在事件发生后持续使用,从而比没有此类事件时传播得更快。人机通信包括一系列技术,由于居家令、保持距离、关闭工作场所、远程教学、家庭娱乐、对感染新冠肺炎的恐惧以及无聊,我们中的许多人很快变得更加熟悉这些技术。在这篇评论中,我重点关注人工智能(AI)代理,特别是聊天机器人,考虑可能影响聊天机器人扩散的因素。我考虑了拟人化和预期违反、聊天机器人的特征、商业需求、千禧一代和年轻用户,以及从用户角度来看的使用和满足。
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引用次数: 1
Automation Anxieties: Perceptions About Technological Automation and the Future of Pharmacy Work 自动化焦虑:对技术自动化和药学工作未来的认识
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-15 DOI: 10.30658/HMC.2.10
Cameron W. Piercy, Angela N. Gist-Mackey
This study uses a sample of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians (N = 240) who differ in skill, education, and income to replicate and extend past findings about socioeconomic disparities in the perceptions of automation. Specifically, this study applies the skills-biased technical change hypothesis, an economic theory that low-skill jobs are the most likely to be affected by increased automation (Acemoglu & Restrepo, 2019), to the mental models of pharmacy workers. We formalize the hypothesis that anxiety about automation leads to perceptions that jobs will change in the future and automation will increase. We also posit anxiety about overpayment related to these outcomes. Results largely support the skillsbiased hypothesis as a mental model shared by pharmacy workers regardless of position, with few effects for overpayment anxiety.
这项研究使用了一个药剂师和药学技术人员(N=240)的样本,他们在技能、教育和收入方面存在差异,以复制和扩展过去关于自动化观念中社会经济差异的研究结果。具体而言,这项研究将技能偏向的技术变革假说应用于制药工人的心理模型,这是一种经济学理论,认为低技能工作最有可能受到自动化程度提高的影响(Acemoglu&Restrepo,2019)。我们形式化了这样一个假设,即对自动化的焦虑会导致人们认为未来工作会发生变化,自动化会增加。我们还认为,对超额支付的焦虑与这些结果有关。结果在很大程度上支持了基于技能的假设,这是一种由药房工作人员共享的心理模型,无论职位如何,对超额支付焦虑几乎没有影响。
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引用次数: 8
The Machine as an Extension of the Body: When Identity, Immersion and Interactive Design Serve as Both Resource and Limitation for the Disabled 机器作为身体的延伸:当身份、沉浸和交互设计既是残疾人的资源也是他们的限制
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-15 DOI: 10.30658/HMC.2.6
Donna Z. Davis, Shelby Shelby
This research explores how the technological affordances of emerging social virtual environments and VR platforms where individuals from an online disability community are represented in avatar form, correspond to these users’ development of embodied identity, ability, and access to work and social communities. The visual attributes of these avatars, which can realistically reflect the user’s physical self or divert from human form entirely, raise interesting questions regarding the role identity plays in the workplace, be it gender, race, age, weight, or visible disability. Additionally, the technology itself becomes fundamental to identity as the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI), motion capture, and speech-to-text/text-to-speech technologies create digital capabilities that become part of an individual’s identity. This raises further questions about how virtual world technologies can both increase and potentially create barriers to accessibility for individuals who find freedom in their technologically embodied surrogates.
本研究探讨了新兴的社交虚拟环境和虚拟现实平台的技术支持,其中来自在线残疾人社区的个人以化身的形式表示,如何对应这些用户的具体身份、能力和工作和社会社区的发展。这些虚拟形象的视觉属性可以真实地反映用户的身体自我,也可以完全脱离人类的形态,这引发了关于身份在工作场所扮演的角色的有趣问题,无论是性别、种族、年龄、体重还是可见的残疾。此外,随着人工智能(AI)、动作捕捉和语音到文本/文本到语音技术的日益普及,这项技术本身也成为身份识别的基础,这些技术创造了数字能力,成为个人身份的一部分。这就提出了一个进一步的问题,即虚拟世界技术如何增加和潜在地制造障碍,使个人无法在技术具体化的替代品中找到自由。
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引用次数: 13
Negotiating Agency and Control: Theorizing Human-Machine Communication from a Structurational Perspective 协商、代理与控制:从结构的角度阐释人机沟通
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-15 DOI: 10.30658/HMC.2.8
Jennifer L. Gibbs, Gavin Kirkwood, Chengyu Fang, J. Wilkenfeld
Intelligent technologies have the potential to transform organizations and organizing processes. In particular, they are unique from prior organizational technologies in that they reposition technology as agent rather than a tool or object of use. Scholars studying human-machine communication (HMC) have begun to theorize the dual role played by human and machine agency, but they have focused primarily on the individual level. Drawing on Structuration Theory (Giddens, 1984), we propose a theoretical framework to explain agency in HMC as a process involving the negotiation of control between human and machine agents. This article contributes to HMC scholarship by offering a framework and research agenda to guide future theory-building and research on the use of intelligent technologies in organizational contexts.
智能技术有可能改变组织和组织过程。特别是,它们与先前的组织技术的独特之处在于,它们将技术重新定位为代理,而不是工具或使用对象。研究人机交流(HMC)的学者们已经开始将人与机器代理的双重作用理论化,但他们主要集中在个人层面。利用结构理论(Giddens, 1984),我们提出了一个理论框架来解释HMC中的代理是一个涉及人与机器代理之间控制协商的过程。本文通过提供一个框架和研究议程来指导未来在组织环境中使用智能技术的理论建设和研究,从而为HMC学术做出贡献。
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引用次数: 13
Artificial Intuition in Tech Journalism on AI: Imagining the Human Subject 科技新闻中的人工直觉:想象人类主体
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-15 DOI: 10.30658/HMC.2.9
J. Johanssen, Xin Wang
Artificial intuition (AI acting intuitively) is one trend in artificial intelligence. This article analyzes how it is discussed by technology journalism on the internet. The journalistic narratives that were analyzed claim that intuition can make AI more efficient, autonomous, and human. Some commentators also write that intuitive AI could execute tasks better than humans themselves ever could (e.g., in digital games); therefore, it could ultimately surpass human intuition. Such views do not pay enough attention to biases as well as transparency and explainability of AI. We contrast the journalistic narratives with philosophical understandings of intuition and a psychoanalytic view of the human. Those perspectives allow for a more complex view that goes beyond the focus on rationality and computational perspectives of tech journalism.
人工直觉(AI凭直觉行事)是人工智能的一种趋势。本文分析了科技新闻如何在互联网上讨论这一问题。被分析的新闻叙事声称,直觉可以使人工智能更加高效、自主和人性化。一些评论家还写道,直观的人工智能可以比人类自己更好地执行任务(例如,在数字游戏中);因此,它最终可能超越人类的直觉。这些观点没有足够关注人工智能的偏见以及透明度和可解释性。我们将新闻叙事与对直觉的哲学理解和对人类的精神分析观点进行了对比。这些观点允许一种更复杂的观点,超越了对科技新闻合理性和计算视角的关注。
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引用次数: 5
Our Future Arrived: Diffusion of Human-Machine Communication and Transformation of the World for the Post-Pandemic Era 我们的未来到来了:人机通信的传播与后疫情时代世界的变革
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.30658/hmc.3.1
Do Kyun David Kim, Gary Kreps, Rukhsana Ahmed
The world is getting into a new phase in history. For the first time, humans are verbally communicating and developing meaningful relationships with non-living objects. AI is a wormhole to open a gateway to the new world, and the COVID-19 pandemic prepared the world to transform its system to be an open system that responds to, communicates with, and utilizes the remnants coming out of the wormhole of the new world. Now, we urgently need to create a holistic discourse on how we can recognize, develop, or shape the identities of communicable machines as people develop a partnership with them. Based on the emerging questions and discourses about human-machine communication, this special issue strives to investigate the present and future of advanced human-machine communication.
世界正进入历史的新阶段。人类第一次与非生命物体进行言语交流并发展有意义的关系。人工智能是一个打开通往新世界大门的虫洞,新冠肺炎大流行使世界准备将其系统转变为一个开放系统,以应对、沟通和利用新世界虫洞的残余物。现在,我们迫切需要创建一个全面的讨论,讨论如何在人们与传染性机器建立伙伴关系的过程中识别、发展或塑造它们的身份。本期特刊立足于新兴的人机交流问题和论述,力图探讨先进人机交流的现状和未来。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
HumanMachine Communication Journal
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