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Boundary Regulation Processes and Privacy Concerns With (Non-)Use of Voice-Based Assistants (非)使用语音助理的边界管制程序和隐私问题
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.30658/hmc.6.10
Jessica Vitak, Priya C. Kumar, Yuting Liao, Michael Zimmer
An exemplar of human-machine communication, voice-based assistants (VBAs) embedded in smartphones and smart speakers simplify everyday tasks while collecting significant data about users and their environment. In recent years, devices using VBAs have continued to add new features and collect more data—in potentially invasive ways. Using Communication Privacy Management theory as a guiding framework, we analyze data from 11 focus groups with 65 US adult VBA users and nonusers. Findings highlight differences in attitudes and concerns toward VBAs broadly and provide insights into how attitudes are influenced by device features. We conclude with considerations for how to address boundary regulation challenges inherent in human-machine interactions.
作为人机通信的典范,嵌入智能手机和智能扬声器的基于语音的助手(VBA)简化了日常任务,同时收集了有关用户及其环境的重要数据。近年来,使用VBA的设备不断增加新功能,并以潜在的侵入性方式收集更多数据。以通信隐私管理理论为指导框架,我们分析了来自11个焦点小组的数据,其中包括65名美国成年VBA用户和非用户。研究结果突出了人们对VBA的态度和担忧的广泛差异,并深入了解了态度如何受到设备特征的影响。最后,我们考虑了如何应对人机交互中固有的边界管制挑战。
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引用次数: 2
Valenced Media Effects on Robot-Related Attitudes and Mental Models: A Parasocial Contact Approach 媒介对机器人相关态度和心理模型的影响:一种准社会接触方法
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.30658/hmc.6.9
Jan-Philipp Stein, J. Banks
Despite rapid advancements in robotics, most people still only come into contact with robots via mass media. Consequently, robot-related attitudes are often discussed as the result of habituation and cultivation processes, as they unfold during repeated media exposure. In this paper, we introduce parasocial contact theory to this line of research— arguing that it better acknowledges interpersonal and intergroup dynamics found in modern human–robot interactions. Moreover, conceptualizing mediated robot encounters as parasocial contact integrates both qualitative and quantitative aspects into one comprehensive approach. A multi-method experiment offers empirical support for our arguments: Although many elements of participants’ beliefs and attitudes persisted through media exposures, valenced parasocial contact resulted in small but meaningful changes to mental models and desired social distance for humanoid robots.
尽管机器人技术发展迅速,但大多数人仍然只是通过大众媒体接触到机器人。因此,机器人相关的态度经常被讨论为习惯化和培养过程的结果,因为它们在反复的媒体暴露中呈现出来。在本文中,我们将准社会接触理论引入这一研究领域,认为它更好地承认了现代人机交互中发现的人际和群体间动力学。此外,概念化中介机器人遭遇作为副社会接触整合定性和定量两个方面到一个全面的方法。一项多方法实验为我们的论点提供了经验支持:尽管参与者的信念和态度的许多元素通过媒体暴露而持续存在,但有价值的准社会接触导致了对人形机器人的心理模型和期望的社会距离的微小但有意义的变化。
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引用次数: 0
ChatGPT, LaMDA, and the Hype Around Communicative AI: The Automation of Communication as a Field of Research in Media and Communication Studies ChatGPT、LaMDA和围绕通信AI的炒作:作为媒体和通信研究领域的通信自动化
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.30658/hmc.6.4
A. Hepp, W. Loosen, Stephan Dreyer, Juliane Jarke, Sigrid Kannengießer, Christian Katzenbach, R. Malaka, M. Pfadenhauer, C. Puschmann, Wolfgang Schulz
The aim of this article is to more precisely define the field of research on the automation of communication, which is still only vaguely discernible. The central thesis argues that to be able to fully grasp the transformation of the media environment associated with the automation of communication, our view must be broadened from a preoccupation with direct interactions between humans and machines to societal communication. This more widely targeted question asks how the dynamics of societal communication change when communicative artificial intelligence—in short: communicative AI—is integrated into aspects of societal communication. To this end, we recommend an approach that follows the tradition of figurational sociology.
本文的目的是更准确地定义通信自动化的研究领域,这一领域仍然模糊不清。中心论文认为,为了能够充分把握与通信自动化相关的媒体环境的转变,我们的观点必须从关注人与机器之间的直接互动扩展到社会通信。这个更有针对性的问题询问,当交流人工智能(简而言之:交流人工智能)融入社会交流的各个方面时,社会交流的动态是如何变化的。为此,我们推荐一种遵循形象社会学传统的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Defining Dialogues: Tracing the Evolution of Human-Machine Communication 定义对话:追踪人机通信的演变
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.30658/hmc.6.1
Andrew Prahl, Autumn P. Edwards
This introduction to the volume discusses the evolving field of Human-Machine Communication (HMC), drawing on insights from the philosophy of science. We explore critical debates in the field, underscoring the importance of challenging assumptions, embracing interfield work, and fostering dialogue in shaping our understanding of HMC. Moreover, we celebrate the vibrant collaboration between disciplines that drives progress in HMC. This piece serves as an invitation to join the exploration of this collection and contribute to shaping the future of HMC.
本卷的引言讨论了人机通信(HMC)的发展领域,借鉴了科学哲学的见解。我们探讨了实地的批判性辩论,强调了挑战假设的重要性,包括实地工作,并促进对话,以形成我们对HMC的理解。此外,我们庆祝各学科之间充满活力的合作,这些合作推动了HMC的进步。这篇文章邀请我们加入对这个系列的探索,并为塑造HMC的未来做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Seriously, what did one robot say to the other? Being left out from communication by robots causes feelings of social exclusion 说真的,一个机器人对另一个说了什么?被机器人排除在交流之外会引起社会排斥感
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.30658/hmc.6.7
Astrid M. Rosenthal-von der Pütten, Nikolai Bock
While humans actually need some overt communication channel to transmit information, be it verbally or nonverbally, robots could use their network connection to transmit information quickly to other robots. This raises the question how this covert robot-robot communication is perceived by humans. The current study investigates how transparency about communication happening between two robots affects humans’ trust in and perception of these robots as well as their feeling of being included/excluded in the interaction. Three different robot-robot communication styles were analyzed: silent, robotic language, and natural language. Results show that when robots transmit information in a robotic language (beep sounds) this leads to lower trust and more feelings of social exclusion than in the silent (i.e., covert) or natural language conditions. Results support the notion that humans are over-sensitive to signs of ostracism which seems to be detected in this style of overt but nonhuman robot-robot communication.
虽然人类实际上需要一些公开的沟通渠道来传递信息,无论是口头的还是非口头的,但机器人可以利用它们的网络连接快速地向其他机器人传递信息。这就提出了一个问题,人类是如何感知这种隐蔽的机器人与机器人之间的交流的。目前的研究调查了两个机器人之间交流的透明度如何影响人类对这些机器人的信任和感知,以及他们在互动中被包括/被排斥的感觉。分析了三种不同的机器人-机器人交流方式:无声语言、机器人语言和自然语言。结果表明,当机器人用机器人语言(哔哔声)传递信息时,与沉默(即隐蔽)或自然语言条件下相比,这会导致更低的信任度和更多的社会排斥感。研究结果支持了这样一种观点,即人类对排斥的迹象过于敏感,这种排斥似乎可以在这种公开但非人类的机器人-机器人交流中发现。
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引用次数: 1
An Interactional Account of Empathy in Human-Machine Communication 人机交流中共情的互动解释
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.30658/hmc.6.6
S. Concannon, I. Roberts, M. Tomalin
Efforts to develop empathetic agents, or systems capable of responding appropriately to emotional content, have increased as the deployment of such systems in socially complex scenarios becomes more commonplace. In the context of human-machine communication (HMC), the ability to create the perception of empathy is achieved in large part through linguistic behavior. However, studies of how language is used to display and respond to emotion in ways deemed empathetic are limited. This article aims to address this gap, demonstrating how an interactional linguistics informed methodological approach can be applied to the study of empathy in HMC. We present an analysis of empathetic response strategies in HMC and examine how these diverge from the practices employed in human-human dialogue. The specific challenges encountered by current systems are reviewed and their implications for future work on HMC considered.
随着在社会复杂场景中部署此类系统变得越来越普遍,开发移情代理或能够对情感内容做出适当反应的系统的努力也在增加。在人机交流(HMC)的背景下,创造共情感知的能力在很大程度上是通过语言行为实现的。然而,关于语言如何以被认为是移情的方式来表达和回应情感的研究是有限的。本文旨在解决这一差距,展示如何将互动语言学的方法方法应用于HMC中的共情研究。我们提出了在HMC共情反应策略的分析,并检查这些如何从实践中采用的人与人之间的对话。回顾了当前系统遇到的具体挑战,并考虑了它们对未来HMC工作的影响。
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引用次数: 2
Triggered by Socialbots: Communicative Anthropomorphization of Bots in Online Conversations 社交机器人触发:网络对话中机器人的交际拟人化
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.30658/hmc.6.8
Salla-Maaria Laaksonen, Kai Laitinen, Minna Koivula, Tanja Sihvonen
This article examines communicative anthropomorphization, that is, assigning of humanlike features, of socialbots in communication between humans and bots. Situated in the field of human-machine communication, the article asks how socialbots are devised as anthropomorphized communication companions and explores the ways in which human users anthropomorphize bots through communication. Through an analysis of two datasets of bots interacting with humans on social media, we find that bots are communicatively anthropomorphized by directly addressing them, assigning agency to them, drawing parallels between humans and bots, and assigning emotions and opinions to bots. We suggest that socialbots inherently have anthropomorphized characteristics and affordances, but their anthropomorphization is completed and actualized by humans through communication. We conceptualize this process as communicative anthropomorphization.
本文研究了交际拟人化,即在人与机器人之间的交流中,社交机器人的类人特征的分配。本文立足于人机通信领域,探讨了社交机器人是如何被设计成拟人化的通信伙伴的,并探讨了人类用户通过通信将机器人拟人化的方式。通过对社交媒体上机器人与人类互动的两个数据集的分析,我们发现机器人通过直接寻址、分配代理、将人类与机器人进行比较以及将情感和观点分配给机器人,在通信上被拟人化。我们认为,社会角色天生就具有拟人化的特征和可供性,但它们的拟人化是由人类通过交流来完成和实现的。我们把这个过程概念化为交际拟人化。
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引用次数: 0
Disentangling Two Fundamental Paradigms in Human-Machine Communication Research: Media Equation and Media Evocation 解开人机传播研究的两个基本范式:媒介方程和媒介唤起
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.30658/hmc.6.2
Margot J. Van Der Goot, Katrin Etzrod
In this theoretical paper, we delineate two fundamental paradigms in how scholars conceptualize the nature of machines in human-machine communication (HMC). In addition to the well-known Media Equation paradigm, we distinguish the Media Evocation paradigm. The Media Equation paradigm entails that people respond to machines as if they are humans, whereas the Media Evocation paradigm conceptualizes machines as objects that can evoke reflections about ontological categories. For each paradigm, we present the main propositions, research methodologies, and current challenges. We conclude with theoretical implications on how to integrate the two paradigms, and with a call for mixedmethod research that includes innovative data analyses and that takes ontological classifications into account when explaining social responses to machines.
在这篇理论论文中,我们描述了学者如何概念化人机通信(HMC)中机器本质的两个基本范式。除了众所周知的媒体等式范式,我们还区分了媒体唤起范式。媒体方程范式要求人们对机器的反应就像人类一样,而媒体唤起范式则将机器概念化为可以唤起对本体论类别的反思的对象。对于每个范例,我们都提出了主要命题、研究方法和当前的挑战。我们总结了如何整合这两种范式的理论含义,并呼吁进行混合方法研究,包括创新的数据分析,并在解释对机器的社会反应时考虑本体论分类。
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引用次数: 1
Human-AI Teaming During an Ongoing Disaster: How Scripts Around Training and Feedback Reveal this is a Form of Human-Machine Communication 持续灾难中的人工智能团队:训练和反馈脚本如何揭示这是一种人机交流形式
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.30658/hmc.6.5
K. Stephens, Anastazja Harris, Amanda Lee Hughes, Caroline Montagnolo, Karim Nader, S. A. Stevens, Tara Tasuji, Y. Xu, Hemant Purohit, C. Zobel
Humans play an integral role in identifying important information from social media during disasters. While human annotation of social media data to train machine learning models is often viewed as human-computer interaction, this study interrogates the ontological boundary between such interaction and human-machine communication. We conducted multiple interviews with participants who both labeled data to train machine learning models and corrected machine-inferred data labels. Findings reveal three themes: scripts invoked to manage decision-making, contextual scripts, and scripts around perceptions of machines. Humans use scripts around training the machine—a form of behavioral anthropomorphism—to develop social relationships with them. Correcting machine-inferred data labels changes these scripts and evokes self-doubt around who is right, which substantiates the argument that this is a form of human-machine communication.
在灾难期间,人类在从社交媒体中识别重要信息方面发挥着不可或缺的作用。虽然人类对社交媒体数据的注释以训练机器学习模型通常被视为人机交互,但本研究质疑了这种交互与人机通信之间的本体论边界。我们对参与者进行了多次采访,他们既标记数据以训练机器学习模型,也纠正了机器推断的数据标签。研究结果揭示了三个主题:用于管理决策的脚本、上下文脚本和围绕机器感知的脚本。人类在训练机器的过程中使用脚本——一种行为拟人化的形式——与机器建立社会关系。纠正机器推断的数据标签会改变这些脚本,并引发对谁是正确的自我怀疑,这证实了这是一种人机交流形式的论点。
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引用次数: 0
Archipelagic Human-Machine Communication: Building Bridges amidst Cultivated Ambiguity 群岛人机通信:在培养的歧义中架起桥梁
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.30658/hmc.6.3
Marco Dehnert
In this commentary, I call for maintaining the archipelagic character of human-machine communication (HMC). Utilizing the metaphor of the archipelago or a chain of connected islands indicates that HMC entails a variety of islands differing in shape, size, location, and proximity to one another. Rather than aiming for conceptual unity and definitional homogeneity, I call for embracing a cultivated ambiguity related to HMC key concepts. Ambiguity in the sense of allowing these concepts to be flexible enough to be explored in different contexts. Cultivated in the sense of demanding resonance across individual studies and theoretical lineages to allow for cumulative and collaborative theorizing. My hope is that HMC scholars can continue to build bridges that traverse the paradigmatic, methodological, theoretical, and technological archipelago of HMC.
在这篇评论中,我呼吁保持人机交流(HMC)的群岛特征。利用群岛或连接岛屿链的比喻表明,HMC需要各种形状、大小、位置和彼此接近程度不同的岛屿。与其追求概念上的统一和定义上的同质性,我还不如提倡与HMC关键概念相关的有教养的模糊性。模棱两可的意思是允许这些概念足够灵活,可以在不同的环境中进行探索。培养在个体研究和理论谱系之间要求共鸣的感觉,以允许累积和协作的理论。我希望HMC学者能够继续搭建桥梁,跨越HMC的范例、方法论、理论和技术群岛。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
HumanMachine Communication Journal
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