Pub Date : 2019-06-04DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P156-163
Tiago Pereira da Silva Correia, Leandro Augusto Felix Tavares, A. Gomes, Paulo Roberto Arbex Silva, Saulo Fernando Gomes de Sousa
Energy cogeneration from sugarcane trash generally occurs through mechanical baling. This work evaluates the influence of baler speed and windrowed sugarcane trash volume on the operational, economic performance, and quality of prismatic bales produced by a baler. The experiment was carried out in a sugarcane production area, using a baler that produces rectangular prismatic bales, driven by a tractor with 161.81 kW nominal power. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, consisting of two windrowed trash volumes (50 and 90%) and two working speeds (3 and 5 km h -1 ), with six replicates. The following were evaluated: mineral impurity, dry weight, and volume of bales, as well as fuel consumption, operational capacity, costs, and economic efficiency of baling. Bale volume was not influenced by windrowed trash volume and baler speed. Higher windrowed trash volume provided lower cost per bale and higher mineral impurity index and dry weight of bales. Hourly fuel consumption, operational field capacity, and bale production increased with increasing speed. The highest economic efficiency is obtained with higher speed and windrowed trash volume.
甘蔗垃圾的能量热电联产通常通过机械打捆进行。本工作评估了打包机速度和开窗甘蔗垃圾量对操作的影响，经济性能，以及由打包机生产的棱柱形捆的质量。试验在甘蔗产区进行，采用一台生产矩形棱柱包的打包机，由一台标称功率为161.81 kW的拖拉机驱动。试验设计采用2 × 2因子完全随机化设计，包括2个开窗垃圾量(50%和90%)和2个工作速度(3和5 km h -1)，共6个重复。以下评估:矿物杂质，干重，包的体积，以及燃料消耗，操作能力，成本和经济效益的捆包。开窗垃圾体积和打包机速度对包捆体积没有影响。开窗垃圾量越大，每包成本越低，包内矿物杂质指数和干重越高。每小时的燃料消耗、作业现场容量和捆产量都随着速度的增加而增加。速度越快，垃圾量越少，经济效益越高。
{"title":"Bale quality and baler operational and economic performance as a function of working speeds and windrowed sugarcane trash volumes","authors":"Tiago Pereira da Silva Correia, Leandro Augusto Felix Tavares, A. Gomes, Paulo Roberto Arbex Silva, Saulo Fernando Gomes de Sousa","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P156-163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P156-163","url":null,"abstract":"Energy cogeneration from sugarcane trash generally occurs through mechanical baling. This work evaluates the influence of baler speed and windrowed sugarcane trash volume on the operational, economic performance, and quality of prismatic bales produced by a baler. The experiment was carried out in a sugarcane production area, using a baler that produces rectangular prismatic bales, driven by a tractor with 161.81 kW nominal power. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme, consisting of two windrowed trash volumes (50 and 90%) and two working speeds (3 and 5 km h -1 ), with six replicates. The following were evaluated: mineral impurity, dry weight, and volume of bales, as well as fuel consumption, operational capacity, costs, and economic efficiency of baling. Bale volume was not influenced by windrowed trash volume and baler speed. Higher windrowed trash volume provided lower cost per bale and higher mineral impurity index and dry weight of bales. Hourly fuel consumption, operational field capacity, and bale production increased with increasing speed. The highest economic efficiency is obtained with higher speed and windrowed trash volume.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43821625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-04DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P191-198
P. Silveira, A. Nascente, M. Carvalho
In tropical regions, a greater phytomass addition to the soil can help to improve soil quality. Additionally, the use of limestone is a fundamental practice in weathered soils of these regions. The objective of this is study was to quantify the effect of phytomass additions in terms of agricultural systems, limestone rates and application on the dynamics of soil chemical and physical attributes. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in split-plot scheme, with four replicates. The plots consisted of two treatments: agricultural system with raining season and off-season cultivation and agricultural system only with raining season cultivation. Subplots were composed of five limestone rates: 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 t ha -1 . Subsubplots were two limestone management treatments: with and without incorporation. The experiment was conducted during four agricultural seasons, determining initial and final soil physical and chemical attributes, biomass production, and accumulated grain yield. The agricultural system with off-season cultivation increased the organic matter and calcium and magnesium contents in the topsoil. There was no effect of liming with up to 4 t ha -1 on soil chemical attributes. At the end of four years, soil density was lower and macroporosity was higher in the topsoil. In the four-year period, agricultural systems with off-season cultivation (millet and maize/brachiaria intercropping) provided greater grain and straw yields than agricultural systems without off-season cultivation.
在热带地区，向土壤中添加更多的植物群有助于改善土壤质量。此外，在这些地区的风化土壤中，使用石灰石是一种基本做法。本研究的目的是从农业系统、石灰石用量和应用方面量化植物群添加对土壤化学和物理属性动态的影响。实验设计是一个分裂地块方案中的随机完全区块，有四个重复。该地块由两个处理组成：雨季和淡季栽培的农业系统和只有雨季栽培的农业体系。子地块由五种石灰石比率组成：0、1、2、3和4 t ha-1。亚小区是两种石灰石管理处理：掺入和不掺入。该试验在四个农业季节进行，测定了土壤的初始和最终物理和化学属性、生物量产量和累积粮食产量。反季节耕作的农业系统增加了表层土壤中的有机质和钙镁含量。施用高达4t ha-1的石灰对土壤化学性质没有影响。四年结束时，表层土壤密度较低，大孔隙性较高。在四年期间，有反季节种植的农业系统（小米和玉米/腕足间作）提供了比没有反季节种植农业系统更高的粮食和秸秆产量。
{"title":"Phytomass addition and liming in the dynamics of soil chemical and physical attributes","authors":"P. Silveira, A. Nascente, M. Carvalho","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P191-198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P191-198","url":null,"abstract":"In tropical regions, a greater phytomass addition to the soil can help to improve soil quality. Additionally, the use of limestone is a fundamental practice in weathered soils of these regions. The objective of this is study was to quantify the effect of phytomass additions in terms of agricultural systems, limestone rates and application on the dynamics of soil chemical and physical attributes. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in split-plot scheme, with four replicates. The plots consisted of two treatments: agricultural system with raining season and off-season cultivation and agricultural system only with raining season cultivation. Subplots were composed of five limestone rates: 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 t ha -1 . Subsubplots were two limestone management treatments: with and without incorporation. The experiment was conducted during four agricultural seasons, determining initial and final soil physical and chemical attributes, biomass production, and accumulated grain yield. The agricultural system with off-season cultivation increased the organic matter and calcium and magnesium contents in the topsoil. There was no effect of liming with up to 4 t ha -1 on soil chemical attributes. At the end of four years, soil density was lower and macroporosity was higher in the topsoil. In the four-year period, agricultural systems with off-season cultivation (millet and maize/brachiaria intercropping) provided greater grain and straw yields than agricultural systems without off-season cultivation.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44838442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-04DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P183-190
Flávia Silva Corrêa Tomaz, S. M. Filho, L. R. Macedo, Cristiane Márcia dos Santos
This study compares two different methods for survival data analysis in the presence of competing events. The first method focused on standard survival analysis, more specifically on obtaining cumulative incidence by using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, modeling the effect of covariates by fitting the Cox proportional hazards model. Competing events were treated as censoring events. The second method, called competing risks, emphasized the achievement of cumulative incidence, modeling the effect of covariates based on the cumulative incidence function and the Fine and Gray model, respectively. To illustrate and compare these two methods, we used data on racehorse injuries. This study considered the following events: injuries due to claudication (main event) and injuries due to other causes (competing event). The results indicated that the incidence for each of the events was overestimated when using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Moreover, the modeling of covariate effects on specific risk fitted by the Cox model did not correspond to the effect on the incidence of this event fitted by the Fine and Gray model.
{"title":"Comparison between classic survival analysis methods and competing risks for analysis of competing events","authors":"Flávia Silva Corrêa Tomaz, S. M. Filho, L. R. Macedo, Cristiane Márcia dos Santos","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P183-190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P183-190","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares two different methods for survival data analysis in the presence of competing events. The first method focused on standard survival analysis, more specifically on obtaining cumulative incidence by using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, modeling the effect of covariates by fitting the Cox proportional hazards model. Competing events were treated as censoring events. The second method, called competing risks, emphasized the achievement of cumulative incidence, modeling the effect of covariates based on the cumulative incidence function and the Fine and Gray model, respectively. To illustrate and compare these two methods, we used data on racehorse injuries. This study considered the following events: injuries due to claudication (main event) and injuries due to other causes (competing event). The results indicated that the incidence for each of the events was overestimated when using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Moreover, the modeling of covariate effects on specific risk fitted by the Cox model did not correspond to the effect on the incidence of this event fitted by the Fine and Gray model.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42521784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-04DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P210-220
Carolina Chichanoski, Bruno Ribeiro Ferreira, L. M. Moterle, Renato Frederico dos Santos
Adverse factors affect the physiological performance of soybean seeds during field establishment. This study evaluates the physiological potential of Intacta soybean seeds under hypoxia and salinity stress, by submersion in water using different osmotic potentials. In both situations, three intact soybean cultivars (TMG 7062 IPRO, 63i64 RSF IPRO, 7166 RSF IPRO) were tested in the laboratory. To test the effect of hypoxia, the seeds subjected to the tests were previously immersed in water for periods of 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours. In the evaluation of salinity stress, towel papers were moistened with different solutions of potassium chloride (KCl) (0.0; -0.4; -0.8; and -1.2 MPa). Seed germination and vigor (first germination count, shoot length, primary root length, and seedling dry biomass) were evaluated. Seed germination was negatively affected by the 12-hour period of hypoxia. Cultivars 763i64 and 7166 were more tolerant to hypoxia conditions. Cultivar 7062 was more tolerant to salinity stress. Osmotic potential of -0.4 MPa affected the vigor of soybean seeds. Soybean cultivars showed adaptive differences under hypoxia and salinity stress.
{"title":"Physiological potential of soybean seeds under hypoxia and salinity stress","authors":"Carolina Chichanoski, Bruno Ribeiro Ferreira, L. M. Moterle, Renato Frederico dos Santos","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P210-220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P210-220","url":null,"abstract":"Adverse factors affect the physiological performance of soybean seeds during field establishment. This study evaluates the physiological potential of Intacta soybean seeds under hypoxia and salinity stress, by submersion in water using different osmotic potentials. In both situations, three intact soybean cultivars (TMG 7062 IPRO, 63i64 RSF IPRO, 7166 RSF IPRO) were tested in the laboratory. To test the effect of hypoxia, the seeds subjected to the tests were previously immersed in water for periods of 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours. In the evaluation of salinity stress, towel papers were moistened with different solutions of potassium chloride (KCl) (0.0; -0.4; -0.8; and -1.2 MPa). Seed germination and vigor (first germination count, shoot length, primary root length, and seedling dry biomass) were evaluated. Seed germination was negatively affected by the 12-hour period of hypoxia. Cultivars 763i64 and 7166 were more tolerant to hypoxia conditions. Cultivar 7062 was more tolerant to salinity stress. Osmotic potential of -0.4 MPa affected the vigor of soybean seeds. Soybean cultivars showed adaptive differences under hypoxia and salinity stress.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46625797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-04DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P164-174
Rayonny Batista Maia, S. G. Santos, Juliano Silva Queiroz, R. Rodovalho, Daniel Pereira da Silva, V. N. D. M. Morgado
Pigeon pea is a common plant cultivated in family farming. It is often used as a source of protein for animal breeding. The knowledge of the drying kinetics and the thermodynamic properties of pigeon pea beans ( Cajanus cajan ) is relevant for simulation of drying, which aims to maintain the quality of beans. The objective of this study is to estimate the drying curves of pigeon pea beans using mathematical models. This study also aims to determine their thermodynamic properties. Forced-drying greenhouses were used for the drying process. The initial water content of pigeon pea beans was 1.00 dry basis (db). Beans were weighed periodically until reaching a near equilibrium water content. Ten mathematical models were fitted to experimental data to characterize drying processes using the following statistical criteria: coefficient of determination (R²), mean relative error (P), mean standard error (SE), chi-square (χ²), and residue distribution. From the selected model and the Arrhenius equation, the effective diffusion coefficient and the activation energy used for the calculation of the enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy were obtained. The Midilli was the best model to represent the kinetics of drying of pigeon pea beans. The increase in drying air temperature increases Gibs free energy and diffusivity, decreases enthalpy, and maintains the entropy negative.
{"title":"Drying kinetics and thermodynamic properties of pigeon pea beans","authors":"Rayonny Batista Maia, S. G. Santos, Juliano Silva Queiroz, R. Rodovalho, Daniel Pereira da Silva, V. N. D. M. Morgado","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P164-174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P164-174","url":null,"abstract":"Pigeon pea is a common plant cultivated in family farming. It is often used as a source of protein for animal breeding. The knowledge of the drying kinetics and the thermodynamic properties of pigeon pea beans ( Cajanus cajan ) is relevant for simulation of drying, which aims to maintain the quality of beans. The objective of this study is to estimate the drying curves of pigeon pea beans using mathematical models. This study also aims to determine their thermodynamic properties. Forced-drying greenhouses were used for the drying process. The initial water content of pigeon pea beans was 1.00 dry basis (db). Beans were weighed periodically until reaching a near equilibrium water content. Ten mathematical models were fitted to experimental data to characterize drying processes using the following statistical criteria: coefficient of determination (R²), mean relative error (P), mean standard error (SE), chi-square (χ²), and residue distribution. From the selected model and the Arrhenius equation, the effective diffusion coefficient and the activation energy used for the calculation of the enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy were obtained. The Midilli was the best model to represent the kinetics of drying of pigeon pea beans. The increase in drying air temperature increases Gibs free energy and diffusivity, decreases enthalpy, and maintains the entropy negative.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46131012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-04DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P175-182
Jorge Wilson Cortez, Carlos Thiago Mercado Moreno, Luan Santos Farinha, Sálvio Napoleão Soares Arcoverde, Igor Queiroz Moraes Valente
A compactacao do solo reduz a qualidade estrutural do solo e pode limitar a producao agricola, devendo ser monitorada periodicamente. A resistencia do solo a penetracao tem sido utilizada por ser um indicador pratico e por estabelecer relacao com a densidade e o teor de agua no solo. Objetivou-se avaliar a variabilidade espacial da resistencia a penetracao (RP) de um Latossolo Vermelho distroferrico em sistema de semeadura direta. A coleta de dados ocorreu em area experimental de 10,54 ha, utilizando-se de grade amostral composta de 43 pontos. Em cada ponto, foi determinada a RP a partir de tres medicoes, a partir das quais foi obtida a RP media de cada camada, a RP maxima e a profundidade da RP maxima na camada de 0-0,40 m perfil. Amostras com estrutura deformada foram coletadas de forma aleatoria na area, para a determinacao do teor de agua no solo (U). Ocorreu dependencia espacial para RP dentro da grade amostral. Valores intermediarios (2,00-3,00 MPa) e criticos (3,00-4,00 MPa) de RP foram verificados em grande parte da area. Houve aumento da RP com a profundidade, atingindo niveis maximos principalmente entre 0,20 e 0,25 m. A geoestatistica permitiu o zoneamento da area definindo regioes com niveis criticos de compactacao, auxiliando na tomada de decisoes quanto a procedimentos de manejo de solo.
{"title":"Variabilidade espacial da resistência do solo à penetração em um sistema de semeadura direta","authors":"Jorge Wilson Cortez, Carlos Thiago Mercado Moreno, Luan Santos Farinha, Sálvio Napoleão Soares Arcoverde, Igor Queiroz Moraes Valente","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P175-182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P175-182","url":null,"abstract":"A compactacao do solo reduz a qualidade estrutural do solo e pode limitar a producao agricola, devendo ser monitorada periodicamente. A resistencia do solo a penetracao tem sido utilizada por ser um indicador pratico e por estabelecer relacao com a densidade e o teor de agua no solo. Objetivou-se avaliar a variabilidade espacial da resistencia a penetracao (RP) de um Latossolo Vermelho distroferrico em sistema de semeadura direta. A coleta de dados ocorreu em area experimental de 10,54 ha, utilizando-se de grade amostral composta de 43 pontos. Em cada ponto, foi determinada a RP a partir de tres medicoes, a partir das quais foi obtida a RP media de cada camada, a RP maxima e a profundidade da RP maxima na camada de 0-0,40 m perfil. Amostras com estrutura deformada foram coletadas de forma aleatoria na area, para a determinacao do teor de agua no solo (U). Ocorreu dependencia espacial para RP dentro da grade amostral. Valores intermediarios (2,00-3,00 MPa) e criticos (3,00-4,00 MPa) de RP foram verificados em grande parte da area. Houve aumento da RP com a profundidade, atingindo niveis maximos principalmente entre 0,20 e 0,25 m. A geoestatistica permitiu o zoneamento da area definindo regioes com niveis criticos de compactacao, auxiliando na tomada de decisoes quanto a procedimentos de manejo de solo.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46307895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-04DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P231-238
Bruno Aires, R. P. Soratto, F. V. C. Guidorizzi
Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient most required by common bean, and the response to N fertilization may be variable among genotypes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the N nutrition, grain yield, grain size, and crude protein concentration of common bean cultivars in response to topdressing N rates. Two experiments were conducted on a Typic Rodudalf, under two growth conditions (“dry” and “rainy” seasons). A randomized complete block design with a 7 × 4 factorial arrangement and four replicates was used. The treatments consisted of seven cultivars (Perola, BRS Ametista, BRS Notavel, IPR Campos Gerais, IPR Tangara, IAC Formoso, and IAC Imperador) and four N rates (0, 35, 70, and 140 kg ha -1 ). The experiments were analyzed jointly. The application of N did not affect the cycle, plant population, and number of grains per pod, but increased the leaf N concentration, number of pods per plant, grain size, and grain yield, regardless of the cultivar. The responses of common bean cultivars to N rates varied according to the growth condition, with response to N only in the “rainy” season experiment, under conditions of lower N and higher C/N ratio in the straw of the preceding crop. The crude protein concentration in the grains was influenced in an inconsistent manner by the factors studied.
氮(N)是普通豆最需要的养分，不同基因型对氮肥的反应可能不同。本试验旨在评价不同追施氮量对普通豆品种氮素营养、籽粒产量、籽粒大小和粗蛋白质浓度的影响。在两种生长条件下(“旱季”和“雨季”)，对典型的鲁道夫进行了两项试验。采用7 × 4因子随机完全区组设计，共4个重复。处理包括7个品种(Perola、BRS americsta、BRS Notavel、IPR Campos Gerais、IPR Tangara、IAC Formoso和IAC imper - rador)和4个施氮量(0、35、70和140 kg ha -1)。对实验结果进行了联合分析。施氮不影响植株周期、种群数量和每荚粒数，但增加了叶片氮浓度、单株荚果数、籽粒大小和籽粒产量。普通豆品种对施氮量的响应因生长条件的不同而不同，仅在“雨季”试验中，在前茬秸秆低氮和高碳氮比的条件下，对施氮量有响应。各因素对籽粒粗蛋白质含量的影响不一致。
{"title":"Grain yield and quality of common bean cultivars in response to nitrogen","authors":"Bruno Aires, R. P. Soratto, F. V. C. Guidorizzi","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P231-238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N2P231-238","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient most required by common bean, and the response to N fertilization may be variable among genotypes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the N nutrition, grain yield, grain size, and crude protein concentration of common bean cultivars in response to topdressing N rates. Two experiments were conducted on a Typic Rodudalf, under two growth conditions (“dry” and “rainy” seasons). A randomized complete block design with a 7 × 4 factorial arrangement and four replicates was used. The treatments consisted of seven cultivars (Perola, BRS Ametista, BRS Notavel, IPR Campos Gerais, IPR Tangara, IAC Formoso, and IAC Imperador) and four N rates (0, 35, 70, and 140 kg ha -1 ). The experiments were analyzed jointly. The application of N did not affect the cycle, plant population, and number of grains per pod, but increased the leaf N concentration, number of pods per plant, grain size, and grain yield, regardless of the cultivar. The responses of common bean cultivars to N rates varied according to the growth condition, with response to N only in the “rainy” season experiment, under conditions of lower N and higher C/N ratio in the straw of the preceding crop. The crude protein concentration in the grains was influenced in an inconsistent manner by the factors studied.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47397267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P46-51
P. Silveira, L. F. Stone
The objective of this study was to determine the limits of competition of yield components and ideal plant population for the common bean cultivar BRS Artico, with white grains. Five plant populations, resulting from the sowing of 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19 seeds per meter, were compared in an experiment conducted at Embrapa Rice and Beans, in the autumn-winter season of 2015, with an experimental design of randomized blocks with four replications. The yield was broken down into three components, number of plants ha -1 (NP), number of grains per plant (NGP) and grain weight (GW). An upper boundary curve, formed by a horizontal line and a hyperbola, was defined for each component as a function of the NP. The later the competition limit is determined in the cycle, the lower is its value, being equal to 190,000, 140,000 and 125,000 plants ha -1 , respectively, for number of pods per plant, NGP and GW. The maximum possible yield increases with NP to the lowest competition limit, 125,000 plants ha -1 , and after, there are adjustments between successive components, stabilizing this yield regardless of NP.
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Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P21-27
V. Dias, R. C. Filho, É. C. Dianese, M. G. Cunha
Leaf scald is one of the major bacterial diseases affecting sugarcane crop. Previous studies have reported the difficulty detection of the pathogen by conventional PCR when applied in asymptomatic plant material, where the pathogen population level is find below the detectable limit by conventional PCR. Because of this factor and the resilience of Xanthomonas albilineans at latent stage, our study aimed to enhance protocols, both extraction procedures of sugarcane juice and DNA extraction protocols from sugarcane juice for the detection of Xanthomonas albilineans even when the residual bacterial sample is minimal. We tested four techniques for sugarcane juice extraction: compressor, pressing, macerated and bacterial flow in water and four DNA extraction protocols, two of them considered quick or simple, a CTAB procedure and one commercial Kit. The results indicated that conventional PCR was not able to detect the pathogen in asymptomatic stalks. However, working on Nested-PCR, we could detect X. albilineans in latently infected plants in 100% of samples when the vascular fluid was extracted by bacterial water flow following a centrifugation, adding TAE and boiling as DNA extraction method.
{"title":"Detection of sugarcane leaf scald from latent infections","authors":"V. Dias, R. C. Filho, É. C. Dianese, M. G. Cunha","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P21-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P21-27","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf scald is one of the major bacterial diseases affecting sugarcane crop. Previous studies have reported the difficulty detection of the pathogen by conventional PCR when applied in asymptomatic plant material, where the pathogen population level is find below the detectable limit by conventional PCR. Because of this factor and the resilience of Xanthomonas albilineans at latent stage, our study aimed to enhance protocols, both extraction procedures of sugarcane juice and DNA extraction protocols from sugarcane juice for the detection of Xanthomonas albilineans even when the residual bacterial sample is minimal. We tested four techniques for sugarcane juice extraction: compressor, pressing, macerated and bacterial flow in water and four DNA extraction protocols, two of them considered quick or simple, a CTAB procedure and one commercial Kit. The results indicated that conventional PCR was not able to detect the pathogen in asymptomatic stalks. However, working on Nested-PCR, we could detect X. albilineans in latently infected plants in 100% of samples when the vascular fluid was extracted by bacterial water flow following a centrifugation, adding TAE and boiling as DNA extraction method.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49208384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-20DOI: 10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P52-61
Jefferson Bittencourt Venâncio, W. Araújo, E. Chagas
Fusariosis constitutes an important hindrance to pineapple farming in Brazil. The cultivars resistant to fusariosis, ‘Vitoria’ and ‘Imperial’, from in vitro culture, are an alternative for crop management. This work evaluates the vegetative performance of pineapple cultivars propagated by tissue culture in response to the use of organic substrates, different in nature and proportion. The experimental design was a completely randomized block, arranged in a 3×5 factorial scheme, with three pineapple cultivars (‘Perola’, ‘Vitoria’, and ‘Imperial’) and five substrates [ORG: Organoamazon®, organic compound; SS: Standard Substrate, soil + sand (1:1 v/v); SS + M + C: SS + sheep manure (M) + carbonized rice husk (C) (2:1:1 v/v); SS + M (3:1 v/v); SS + C (3:1 v/v), unfolded in mean contrasts]. The variables analyzed were shoot and root growth and shoot nutrient content. The vegetative performance of cultivars, considering the increase of shoot dry weight in the most responsive substrate, was: ‘Perola’ > ‘Vitoria’ > ‘Imperial’. Substrate ORG promoted higher increases in shoot dry weight (259%) and root density (116%) compared to the average of the other substrates. The growth promoted by ORG resulted in higher N, P, K, Ca, and Mg content in pineapple plants. Substrates ORG and SS + M + C are recommended for acclimatization of in vitro propagated pineapple seedlings in the period of ex vitro seedling acclimatization.
镰孢菌病是巴西菠萝种植的一个重要障碍。抗镰孢病的离体栽培品种“维多利亚”和“帝国”是作物管理的替代选择。研究了不同有机基质对菠萝组培栽培品种营养性能的影响。试验设计为完全随机区组，按3×5因子方案安排，采用3个菠萝品种(Perola、Vitoria和Imperial)和5个底物[ORG: Organoamazon®，有机化合物;SS:标准基质，土+砂(1:1 v/v);SS + M + C: SS +羊粪(M) +碳化稻壳(C) (2:1:1 v/v);SS + M (3:1 v/v);SS + C (3:1 v/v)，展开在平均对比中。分析的变量为茎、根生长和茎部养分含量。考虑到在最敏感基质上茎部干重的增加，各品种的营养性能为:' Perola ' > ' victoria ' > ' Imperial '。施ORG的地上部干重和根系密度的增幅分别为259%和116%。ORG促进了菠萝植株的生长，提高了植株的N、P、K、Ca和Mg含量。在离体苗驯化期，推荐用ORG和SS + M + C基质进行凤梨离体苗的驯化。
{"title":"Acclimatization of micropropagated seedlings of pineapple cultivars on organic substrates","authors":"Jefferson Bittencourt Venâncio, W. Araújo, E. Chagas","doi":"10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P52-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15361/1984-5529.2019V47N1P52-61","url":null,"abstract":"Fusariosis constitutes an important hindrance to pineapple farming in Brazil. The cultivars resistant to fusariosis, ‘Vitoria’ and ‘Imperial’, from in vitro culture, are an alternative for crop management. This work evaluates the vegetative performance of pineapple cultivars propagated by tissue culture in response to the use of organic substrates, different in nature and proportion. The experimental design was a completely randomized block, arranged in a 3×5 factorial scheme, with three pineapple cultivars (‘Perola’, ‘Vitoria’, and ‘Imperial’) and five substrates [ORG: Organoamazon®, organic compound; SS: Standard Substrate, soil + sand (1:1 v/v); SS + M + C: SS + sheep manure (M) + carbonized rice husk (C) (2:1:1 v/v); SS + M (3:1 v/v); SS + C (3:1 v/v), unfolded in mean contrasts]. The variables analyzed were shoot and root growth and shoot nutrient content. The vegetative performance of cultivars, considering the increase of shoot dry weight in the most responsive substrate, was: ‘Perola’ > ‘Vitoria’ > ‘Imperial’. Substrate ORG promoted higher increases in shoot dry weight (259%) and root density (116%) compared to the average of the other substrates. The growth promoted by ORG resulted in higher N, P, K, Ca, and Mg content in pineapple plants. Substrates ORG and SS + M + C are recommended for acclimatization of in vitro propagated pineapple seedlings in the period of ex vitro seedling acclimatization.","PeriodicalId":35044,"journal":{"name":"Cientifica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48300902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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