Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2022.520.528
N. Alotaibi, S. Saïdi, M. Roushdy, Idris Abdulrahman, A. Saddiq, Turki M. Alshaikh, Naser AL- Kenani, Saleh Mohammed Al Maaqar
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Local Soil Bacteria with Larvicidal Activities Against Aedes aegypti Larvae","authors":"N. Alotaibi, S. Saïdi, M. Roushdy, Idris Abdulrahman, A. Saddiq, Turki M. Alshaikh, Naser AL- Kenani, Saleh Mohammed Al Maaqar","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2022.520.528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2022.520.528","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44566175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2022.492.501
Ulzhalgas T. Zhumataуeva, Bakhytzhan A. Duissembekov, Yerlan Bozanbaiulu Dutbayev, K. Kidirbayeva, O. A. Alshynbayev, G. A. Bekbulatova
: The purpose of the study was to perform genetic identification of the strains of fungi of the Beauveria genus and evaluate the effect of abiotic factors on the growth and survival of colonies and the productivity of conidia of these fungi, as well as to determine the biological effectiveness of the semi-preparative form of the drug based on Beauveria bassiana in the field. Conventional and modern methods accepted in biology and mycology were used. Identification of strains of Beauveria fungi was carried out by determining the direct nucleotide sequence of the TEF region. Laboratory experiments were carried out to evaluate various factors on the diameter of colony growth, survival in deep and surface cultivation, the type of semi-preparative form of the drug based on B. bassiana and the time of its exposure, and the effect on the biological effects of drugs in the field. Statistical data processing was carried out in the R studio program using the P value. The productivity of conidia of entomopathogenic fungi during surface cultivation depended on the type of strain and the duration of cultivation of conidia. The diameter of the growth of Beauveria fungi colonies was influenced by the factors of the strain, the type of nutrient medium, the temperature of colony cultivation, and the number of days after the start of colony cultivation. The survival of conidia of the B. bassiana fungus on the wings of Locusta migratoria L. orrelated with the indicators of cultivation temperature and germination of conidia and cultivation time. The productivity of Beauveria spp. conidia correlate with the type of strain, the type of substrate, and the time of exposure. The conidia continued to germinate on the 25 th day. Fungi grew better on a substrate based on millet. In the field, the mortality rate of L. migratoria L. and the biological effectiveness of biopesticides were influenced by the factors of the strain, the form of spraying with the bio preparation, and the time elapsed after treatment with the biopesticide.
{"title":"Effective Strains of Beauveria Bassiana and B. Pseudobassiana used Against the Asian Locust (Locusta Migratoria L.) in Kazakhstan","authors":"Ulzhalgas T. Zhumataуeva, Bakhytzhan A. Duissembekov, Yerlan Bozanbaiulu Dutbayev, K. Kidirbayeva, O. A. Alshynbayev, G. A. Bekbulatova","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2022.492.501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2022.492.501","url":null,"abstract":": The purpose of the study was to perform genetic identification of the strains of fungi of the Beauveria genus and evaluate the effect of abiotic factors on the growth and survival of colonies and the productivity of conidia of these fungi, as well as to determine the biological effectiveness of the semi-preparative form of the drug based on Beauveria bassiana in the field. Conventional and modern methods accepted in biology and mycology were used. Identification of strains of Beauveria fungi was carried out by determining the direct nucleotide sequence of the TEF region. Laboratory experiments were carried out to evaluate various factors on the diameter of colony growth, survival in deep and surface cultivation, the type of semi-preparative form of the drug based on B. bassiana and the time of its exposure, and the effect on the biological effects of drugs in the field. Statistical data processing was carried out in the R studio program using the P value. The productivity of conidia of entomopathogenic fungi during surface cultivation depended on the type of strain and the duration of cultivation of conidia. The diameter of the growth of Beauveria fungi colonies was influenced by the factors of the strain, the type of nutrient medium, the temperature of colony cultivation, and the number of days after the start of colony cultivation. The survival of conidia of the B. bassiana fungus on the wings of Locusta migratoria L. orrelated with the indicators of cultivation temperature and germination of conidia and cultivation time. The productivity of Beauveria spp. conidia correlate with the type of strain, the type of substrate, and the time of exposure. The conidia continued to germinate on the 25 th day. Fungi grew better on a substrate based on millet. In the field, the mortality rate of L. migratoria L. and the biological effectiveness of biopesticides were influenced by the factors of the strain, the form of spraying with the bio preparation, and the time elapsed after treatment with the biopesticide.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48340844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2022.448.455
E. Rojas, S. Quintana, Magali García, J. Veneros, M. Oliva, José Carlos Santa Cruz Guerrero, M. Pino, A. Guadalupe, T. S. Santillan
: The objective of this research was to determine water quality in small-scale coffee production units in the Amazon Region, Peru. The characterization of the factors associated with coffee farmers was collected through surveys. The Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA) method was used to determine the physicochemical and microbiological parameters of the incoming water (AE) (water for human consumption) and the outgoing water (AS) (wastewater from coffee washing). The results indicated that the coffee growers do not have adequate technology for washing the coffee and that they use water for these activities. In the characterization of the water, significant differences were found between the parameters of the AE and the AS, where the pH of the AE ranged from 7.00 to 7.32 and the pH of the AS from 3.76 to 4.44. The turbidity of the AS showed high values of 1814.47 NTU. Total Coliforms (TC) and heavy metals such as copper and chromium all increased in value up to 0.20 and 0.15 ppm in the AS compared to the AE. The characteristics of the water quality consumed by the coffee growers are poor and values above Peruvian standards were found.
{"title":"Water Quality in Small-Scale Coffee Production Units, Amazonas, Peru","authors":"E. Rojas, S. Quintana, Magali García, J. Veneros, M. Oliva, José Carlos Santa Cruz Guerrero, M. Pino, A. Guadalupe, T. S. Santillan","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2022.448.455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2022.448.455","url":null,"abstract":": The objective of this research was to determine water quality in small-scale coffee production units in the Amazon Region, Peru. The characterization of the factors associated with coffee farmers was collected through surveys. The Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA) method was used to determine the physicochemical and microbiological parameters of the incoming water (AE) (water for human consumption) and the outgoing water (AS) (wastewater from coffee washing). The results indicated that the coffee growers do not have adequate technology for washing the coffee and that they use water for these activities. In the characterization of the water, significant differences were found between the parameters of the AE and the AS, where the pH of the AE ranged from 7.00 to 7.32 and the pH of the AS from 3.76 to 4.44. The turbidity of the AS showed high values of 1814.47 NTU. Total Coliforms (TC) and heavy metals such as copper and chromium all increased in value up to 0.20 and 0.15 ppm in the AS compared to the AE. The characteristics of the water quality consumed by the coffee growers are poor and values above Peruvian standards were found.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49620147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2022.476.483
Balzhan Akhylbekova, N. Serekpayev, Adilbek Nogayev, Bakhytbek Zhumabek
: Unsystematic grazing of animals and continuous use of pastures leads to their degradation and, accordingly, to a shortage of pasture forage for the production of competitive environmentally friendly livestock products. The proportion of productive grasses in grass covers is decreasing; therefore, there is an urgent need to preserve valuable plant species in pasture grass, restore the productivity of natural vegetation and enrich it with valuable grasses. This study evaluated the impact of the unsystematic grazing method and a developed pasture rotation scheme on the height of the herbage and the productivity of seasonal pasture plots. The study was conducted as an experiment in the Arshaly district of the Akmola region located in the northern part of Kazakhstan. In 2019, unsystematic grazing of animals was carried out on the studied contours of the pasture. The animals grazed without alternating pastures and, as a result, the plants were subjected to intensive grazing for long periods or without sufficient recovery periods. In 2020, there was rotational grazing, where cattle grazed in different areas according to the seasons using a certain pasture rotation. As a result of the conducted study, it was found that with pasture rotation, the height of the herbage increased from 9.56±2.94 to 16.42±5.65 cm. The productivity of pastures after grazing decreased sharply but in the following season, the grassland recovered from 0.77±0.22 to 0.91±0.4 t/ha and exceeded the indicators of unsystematic grazing.
{"title":"Pasture Productivity Depending on the Method of Pasture use in the Steppe Zone of Northern Kazakhstan","authors":"Balzhan Akhylbekova, N. Serekpayev, Adilbek Nogayev, Bakhytbek Zhumabek","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2022.476.483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2022.476.483","url":null,"abstract":": Unsystematic grazing of animals and continuous use of pastures leads to their degradation and, accordingly, to a shortage of pasture forage for the production of competitive environmentally friendly livestock products. The proportion of productive grasses in grass covers is decreasing; therefore, there is an urgent need to preserve valuable plant species in pasture grass, restore the productivity of natural vegetation and enrich it with valuable grasses. This study evaluated the impact of the unsystematic grazing method and a developed pasture rotation scheme on the height of the herbage and the productivity of seasonal pasture plots. The study was conducted as an experiment in the Arshaly district of the Akmola region located in the northern part of Kazakhstan. In 2019, unsystematic grazing of animals was carried out on the studied contours of the pasture. The animals grazed without alternating pastures and, as a result, the plants were subjected to intensive grazing for long periods or without sufficient recovery periods. In 2020, there was rotational grazing, where cattle grazed in different areas according to the seasons using a certain pasture rotation. As a result of the conducted study, it was found that with pasture rotation, the height of the herbage increased from 9.56±2.94 to 16.42±5.65 cm. The productivity of pastures after grazing decreased sharply but in the following season, the grassland recovered from 0.77±0.22 to 0.91±0.4 t/ha and exceeded the indicators of unsystematic grazing.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44584825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2022.484.491
Birzhan Yessimbek, B. Mambetov, R. Akhmetov, D. Dosmanbetov, K. Abayeva, Ardak Kozhabekova, A. Oraikhanova, M. Baibatshanov
: The harsh climate of the arid zone determines several biological features in black saxaul plantations. Therefore, the study of the growth and condition of artificial plantations, depending on the use of physiologically active moisture-absorbing substances and growth biostimulants, is of particular practical importance. In the Moinkum sands of the Zhambyl region (Kazakhstan), observations of the growth and development of the black saxaul in places where physiologically active substances and biostimulants of growth were used were continued at industrial plantings in 2018, 2019, and 2020. The purpose of these studies was to prevent desertification by improving the preservation of forest crops of the black saxaul. The use of various water-retaining compounds (hydrogels), growth stimulants (Epin-Extra), and fertilizers, as well as their combined use, had a positive effect. The use of moisture-absorbing substances and biostimulators of plant growth in the cultivation of black saxaul increased the average diameter and average height of seedlings by an average of 30.1 and 38.6%, respectively. The best effect of the growth stimulators used was shown with hydrogel, Epin-Extra (plant growth biostimulator), and a ready-made mixture of hydrogel, fertilizer, and Epin. The use of moisture-absorbing substances, growth biostimulators, and nitrogen fertilizers affected the second and subsequent years after planting.
{"title":"Prevention of Desertification and Land Degradation using Black Saxaul in Arid Conditions","authors":"Birzhan Yessimbek, B. Mambetov, R. Akhmetov, D. Dosmanbetov, K. Abayeva, Ardak Kozhabekova, A. Oraikhanova, M. Baibatshanov","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2022.484.491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2022.484.491","url":null,"abstract":": The harsh climate of the arid zone determines several biological features in black saxaul plantations. Therefore, the study of the growth and condition of artificial plantations, depending on the use of physiologically active moisture-absorbing substances and growth biostimulants, is of particular practical importance. In the Moinkum sands of the Zhambyl region (Kazakhstan), observations of the growth and development of the black saxaul in places where physiologically active substances and biostimulants of growth were used were continued at industrial plantings in 2018, 2019, and 2020. The purpose of these studies was to prevent desertification by improving the preservation of forest crops of the black saxaul. The use of various water-retaining compounds (hydrogels), growth stimulants (Epin-Extra), and fertilizers, as well as their combined use, had a positive effect. The use of moisture-absorbing substances and biostimulators of plant growth in the cultivation of black saxaul increased the average diameter and average height of seedlings by an average of 30.1 and 38.6%, respectively. The best effect of the growth stimulators used was shown with hydrogel, Epin-Extra (plant growth biostimulator), and a ready-made mixture of hydrogel, fertilizer, and Epin. The use of moisture-absorbing substances, growth biostimulators, and nitrogen fertilizers affected the second and subsequent years after planting.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43571118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2022.469.475
D. Ibrayev, S. Shauyenov, G. Zhakupova, Narzhan Zhumadillayev, A. Muldasheva
: The article presents the results of a study on the effect of top dressing and feed additives based on humic substances on milk productivity, the quality of milk of sheep of the Kazakh fat-tailed semi-coarse breed, and the resulting cheese in pasture conditions. In total, 90 heads of sheep of the Kazakh short-tailed semi-rough-haired breed were used in the experiment. The Control Group (CG) of 30 sheep grazed on pasture grass, while two Experimental Groups (EG) of 60 heads were fed 300 g barley per day of barley, The second experimental group of sheep received a feed additive based on humic substances. As a result, after the first month of feeding, additional feeding had a positive effect on the daily milk yield of ewes, where the experimental group II was statistically significantly superior (P<0.05), i.e., it exceeded by 0.08 liters. In total, during lactation, the sheep of the second experimental group exceeded the control group by an average of 10.8% in average daily milk yield. Also, additional feeding affected the quality of milk and cheese, Thus, the indicators of sheep of the II experimental group were superior in terms of the fat content of milk (P<0.01) and cheese (P<0.05).
{"title":"Milk Content and Milk Quality of Sheep of the Kazakh Fat-Tailed Semi-Rough-Haired Breed with Pasture Content","authors":"D. Ibrayev, S. Shauyenov, G. Zhakupova, Narzhan Zhumadillayev, A. Muldasheva","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2022.469.475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2022.469.475","url":null,"abstract":": The article presents the results of a study on the effect of top dressing and feed additives based on humic substances on milk productivity, the quality of milk of sheep of the Kazakh fat-tailed semi-coarse breed, and the resulting cheese in pasture conditions. In total, 90 heads of sheep of the Kazakh short-tailed semi-rough-haired breed were used in the experiment. The Control Group (CG) of 30 sheep grazed on pasture grass, while two Experimental Groups (EG) of 60 heads were fed 300 g barley per day of barley, The second experimental group of sheep received a feed additive based on humic substances. As a result, after the first month of feeding, additional feeding had a positive effect on the daily milk yield of ewes, where the experimental group II was statistically significantly superior (P<0.05), i.e., it exceeded by 0.08 liters. In total, during lactation, the sheep of the second experimental group exceeded the control group by an average of 10.8% in average daily milk yield. Also, additional feeding affected the quality of milk and cheese, Thus, the indicators of sheep of the II experimental group were superior in terms of the fat content of milk (P<0.01) and cheese (P<0.05).","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48481501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2022.502.511
I. Temreshev, A. Tursynkulov, Yerlan Bozanbaiulu Dutbayev, A. Makezhanov, G. Suleimanova
: Pest control services dealing with mass pests such as locusts and grasshoppers are forced to use insecticides of various origins to prevent crop damage. In most cases, mainly chemical insecticides are used. This method of regulating pest populations has many negative consequences. As a result of chemical treatments with broad-spectrum insecticides, not only pests are killed, but also non–target organisms, primarily entomophages and pollinators. One of the alternatives to the chemical method of control is the use of biopesticides based on entomopathogenic viruses, bacteria, and fungi. The impact of the biopesticide "Entolek K Planteco®" based on the fungus Akanthomyces lecanii on different species of locusts, grasshoppers, and katydids was evaluated in soybean plantings of southeast Kazakhstan. Locust and grasshopper mortality was 70% on the 3 rd day after treatment and 98% on the 7 th day, while katydid mortality on the same days was 50 and 70% respectively. Thus "Entolek K Planteco ®" proved efficient for controlling harmful locusts, grasshoppers and katydids. This is especially important in sensitive areas where the use of chemical insecticides is legally prohibited (water protection zones, specially protected natural areas, agricultural land for growing organic products.
:处理蝗虫和蚱蜢等大规模害虫的虫害防治服务机构被迫使用各种来源的杀虫剂，以防止作物受损。在大多数情况下，主要使用化学杀虫剂。这种控制害虫数量的方法有许多负面后果。由于使用广谱杀虫剂进行化学处理，不仅可以杀死害虫，还可以杀死非目标生物，主要是食虫和传粉者。化学控制方法的替代方法之一是使用基于昆虫致病病毒、细菌和真菌的生物农药。在哈萨克斯坦东南部的大豆种植中，研究了以真菌lecanthomyces lecanii为基础的生物农药Entolek K Planteco®对不同种类的蝗虫、蚱蜢和螽斯的影响。处理后第3天和第7天，蝗虫和蚱蜢的死亡率分别为70%和98%，同一天的蝈蝈死亡率分别为50%和70%。因此，“Entolek K Planteco®”被证明是有效的控制有害的蝗虫，蚱蜢和蝈蝈。在法律禁止使用化学杀虫剂的敏感地区(水保护区、特别保护的自然区域、种植有机产品的农业用地)，这一点尤为重要。
{"title":"Evaluation of the Efficacy of Entolek K Planteco® Biopesticide Based on Akanthomyces Lecanii Fungus Against Pest Orthopterans in Soybean Agroecosystems in Southeast Kazakhstan","authors":"I. Temreshev, A. Tursynkulov, Yerlan Bozanbaiulu Dutbayev, A. Makezhanov, G. Suleimanova","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2022.502.511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2022.502.511","url":null,"abstract":": Pest control services dealing with mass pests such as locusts and grasshoppers are forced to use insecticides of various origins to prevent crop damage. In most cases, mainly chemical insecticides are used. This method of regulating pest populations has many negative consequences. As a result of chemical treatments with broad-spectrum insecticides, not only pests are killed, but also non–target organisms, primarily entomophages and pollinators. One of the alternatives to the chemical method of control is the use of biopesticides based on entomopathogenic viruses, bacteria, and fungi. The impact of the biopesticide \"Entolek K Planteco®\" based on the fungus Akanthomyces lecanii on different species of locusts, grasshoppers, and katydids was evaluated in soybean plantings of southeast Kazakhstan. Locust and grasshopper mortality was 70% on the 3 rd day after treatment and 98% on the 7 th day, while katydid mortality on the same days was 50 and 70% respectively. Thus \"Entolek K Planteco ®\" proved efficient for controlling harmful locusts, grasshoppers and katydids. This is especially important in sensitive areas where the use of chemical insecticides is legally prohibited (water protection zones, specially protected natural areas, agricultural land for growing organic products.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44579130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2022.415.424
A. Kalashnikov, N. Balgabaev, V. Zharkov, Ye. V. Angold, P. Kalashnikov
: In the conditions of arid zones of irrigated agriculture, during the cultivation of horticultural and other crops, high air temperatures (over 25-30 о С) and low relative humidity (less than 20-30%) are observed during the vegetation period of plants. In these circumstances, the combined irrigation method using drip irrigation and sprinkling allows optimizing the use of water during drip irrigation at air temperatures below 25-30 о С and improving the microclimate through sprinkling at air temperatures above 25-30 о С. The study aims to determine the effect of the combined irrigation method on the microclimate, water regime of plants, and water productivity compared to the drip irrigation system. The key research method employed is a field experiment conducted on a specially allocated plot of land to establish differences between the two methods of irrigation. The field experiment presupposes an exploratory study and quantifies the effect of the new technology of irrigation of apple trees to objectively justify the implementation of this scientific development in agricultural production. The combined method of irrigation provides a decrease in air temperature by 1.5-2.1°C and increases air humidity by 10-17% in the surface air layer, improving the water regime of plants and increasing the apple yield by 10.7-17.9% against drip irrigation, while reducing water consumption per production unit by 4.0-10.1%. The method of combined irrigation is thus recommended for use in the irrigated agriculture.
{"title":"Water Saving with Combined Irrigation Methods","authors":"A. Kalashnikov, N. Balgabaev, V. Zharkov, Ye. V. Angold, P. Kalashnikov","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2022.415.424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2022.415.424","url":null,"abstract":": In the conditions of arid zones of irrigated agriculture, during the cultivation of horticultural and other crops, high air temperatures (over 25-30 о С) and low relative humidity (less than 20-30%) are observed during the vegetation period of plants. In these circumstances, the combined irrigation method using drip irrigation and sprinkling allows optimizing the use of water during drip irrigation at air temperatures below 25-30 о С and improving the microclimate through sprinkling at air temperatures above 25-30 о С. The study aims to determine the effect of the combined irrigation method on the microclimate, water regime of plants, and water productivity compared to the drip irrigation system. The key research method employed is a field experiment conducted on a specially allocated plot of land to establish differences between the two methods of irrigation. The field experiment presupposes an exploratory study and quantifies the effect of the new technology of irrigation of apple trees to objectively justify the implementation of this scientific development in agricultural production. The combined method of irrigation provides a decrease in air temperature by 1.5-2.1°C and increases air humidity by 10-17% in the surface air layer, improving the water regime of plants and increasing the apple yield by 10.7-17.9% against drip irrigation, while reducing water consumption per production unit by 4.0-10.1%. The method of combined irrigation is thus recommended for use in the irrigated agriculture.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44728213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2022.268.278
A. Nugmanov, S. Mamikhin, K. Valiev, A. Bugubaeva, Asel S. Tokusheva, S. Tulkubaeva, A. Bulaev
: Agroecological studies are based on the concept that, by understanding ecological processes, it is possible to manage agroecosystems for more sustainable production of more biomass and, thus, protection of natural resources. Many studies in the field of agroecology show that some farming methods can improve soil quality and restore agroecosystems by increasing plant biodiversity. Functional characteristics of plants for the assessment of ecosystem processes and services can be used for the sustainable management of agroecosystems. The paper discusses ways to restore pastures with low biological productivity in the arid steppe of Northern Kazakhstan (Kostanay region). Grass-and-legume mixtures were selected, according to the soil and climatic conditions of this region, to increase the productivity of pastures. The authors also describe the meteorological conditions in the region in question for 2021. The data of agrochemical analysis of the soil on which the grass mixture was grown differed slightly from the soils of other sites and often even was inferior to them in some indicators that affected plant productivity, namely, the humus, phosphorus, and potassium content. In the conditions of the experiment, the highest productivity was shown by the grass-and-legume mixture consisting of crested wheatgrass- alfalfa -awn less brome (27.8 c/ha of green mass and 12.6 c/ha of dry matter). Thus, according to the information obtained during the study, it can be concluded that to restore the productivity of pastures in Northern Kazakhstan, it is necessary to select the grass-and-legume mixtures that have the highest productivity and nutritional value and are adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of this region. The algorithm of the predictive simulation model of the dynamics of the graminoid community is also presented in a general form. Problems related to the remediation of soil covers are discussed.
{"title":"Poly-Species Phytocenoses for Ecosystem Restoration of Degraded Soil Covers","authors":"A. Nugmanov, S. Mamikhin, K. Valiev, A. Bugubaeva, Asel S. Tokusheva, S. Tulkubaeva, A. Bulaev","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2022.268.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2022.268.278","url":null,"abstract":": Agroecological studies are based on the concept that, by understanding ecological processes, it is possible to manage agroecosystems for more sustainable production of more biomass and, thus, protection of natural resources. Many studies in the field of agroecology show that some farming methods can improve soil quality and restore agroecosystems by increasing plant biodiversity. Functional characteristics of plants for the assessment of ecosystem processes and services can be used for the sustainable management of agroecosystems. The paper discusses ways to restore pastures with low biological productivity in the arid steppe of Northern Kazakhstan (Kostanay region). Grass-and-legume mixtures were selected, according to the soil and climatic conditions of this region, to increase the productivity of pastures. The authors also describe the meteorological conditions in the region in question for 2021. The data of agrochemical analysis of the soil on which the grass mixture was grown differed slightly from the soils of other sites and often even was inferior to them in some indicators that affected plant productivity, namely, the humus, phosphorus, and potassium content. In the conditions of the experiment, the highest productivity was shown by the grass-and-legume mixture consisting of crested wheatgrass- alfalfa -awn less brome (27.8 c/ha of green mass and 12.6 c/ha of dry matter). Thus, according to the information obtained during the study, it can be concluded that to restore the productivity of pastures in Northern Kazakhstan, it is necessary to select the grass-and-legume mixtures that have the highest productivity and nutritional value and are adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of this region. The algorithm of the predictive simulation model of the dynamics of the graminoid community is also presented in a general form. Problems related to the remediation of soil covers are discussed.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48003402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2022.356.362
B. Ateikhan, Toktar Karibaevich Bexeitov, T. Seiteuov, K. K. Akhazhanov, Maxim Viktorovich Sirovatsky, Sergey Valeryevich Beketov
: In animal husbandry, more heifers are required for the expanded reproduction of the herd or milk, and more bulls are needed to obtain meat. One of the effective ways to artificially regulate the secondary (at birth) sex ratio is the technology of sexed semen. In this connection, the purpose of this study was to study the effect of sexed and native semen on the embryonic productivity of donor cows, the survival rate of embryos in recipient cows, and the development of transplant calves. The studies were carried out on Simmental cows in the period from 2017 to 2019 in the Galitskoe LLP and Pobeda LLP in the Pavlodar region (Republic of Kazakhstan). It was found that 80 (78.4%) of 102 embryos were suitable for transplantation in cows fertilized with native sperm and 31 of 51 embryos (60.8%) in cows inseminated with sexed sperm. At the same time, embryos at the stage of compact morula and early blastocyst prevailed in both groups of cows. Later, at the time of embryo transplantation to recipient cows, the survival rate was 59.5% for two-sex and 58.3% for single-sex transplants. During the analysis of postnatal development of different-sex transplant calves, it was found that although they were characterized by different growth dynamics depending on sex, they generally exceeded the calves of the control group in this parameter. The detected differences in superovulation and embryo productivity of cows of the Simmental breed show that the individual characteristics of donor cows are decisive regardless of which sperm (native or sexed) was used for artificial insemination. At the same time, in all cases, donor cows fertilized with native semen were distinguished by the best embryo productivity, although the differences with cows inseminated with sexed sperm were not significant .
{"title":"Effect of Semen on the Embryo Productivity of Donor Cows and the Development of Transplant Calves","authors":"B. Ateikhan, Toktar Karibaevich Bexeitov, T. Seiteuov, K. K. Akhazhanov, Maxim Viktorovich Sirovatsky, Sergey Valeryevich Beketov","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2022.356.362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2022.356.362","url":null,"abstract":": In animal husbandry, more heifers are required for the expanded reproduction of the herd or milk, and more bulls are needed to obtain meat. One of the effective ways to artificially regulate the secondary (at birth) sex ratio is the technology of sexed semen. In this connection, the purpose of this study was to study the effect of sexed and native semen on the embryonic productivity of donor cows, the survival rate of embryos in recipient cows, and the development of transplant calves. The studies were carried out on Simmental cows in the period from 2017 to 2019 in the Galitskoe LLP and Pobeda LLP in the Pavlodar region (Republic of Kazakhstan). It was found that 80 (78.4%) of 102 embryos were suitable for transplantation in cows fertilized with native sperm and 31 of 51 embryos (60.8%) in cows inseminated with sexed sperm. At the same time, embryos at the stage of compact morula and early blastocyst prevailed in both groups of cows. Later, at the time of embryo transplantation to recipient cows, the survival rate was 59.5% for two-sex and 58.3% for single-sex transplants. During the analysis of postnatal development of different-sex transplant calves, it was found that although they were characterized by different growth dynamics depending on sex, they generally exceeded the calves of the control group in this parameter. The detected differences in superovulation and embryo productivity of cows of the Simmental breed show that the individual characteristics of donor cows are decisive regardless of which sperm (native or sexed) was used for artificial insemination. At the same time, in all cases, donor cows fertilized with native semen were distinguished by the best embryo productivity, although the differences with cows inseminated with sexed sperm were not significant .","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47889580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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