The high efficiency of representatives of the Trichoderma genus in suppressing a wide range of plant pathogens contributes to the conduct of large-scale research on the search for local strains. The purpose of this study is to characterize the antagonistic activity of two Trichoderma species new to Kazakhstan (T. pararogersonii and T. rossicum) isolated from the rhizosphere of Picea schrenkiana Fisch. et C.A. Mey. and Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M. Roem. against soil phytopathogens. Identification was carried out based on analysis of its region sequences and determination of antagonistic activity was performed by the dual culture method. In the course of our study, we obtained descriptions of colonies of T. pararogersonii and T. rossicum based on isolated pure cultures, morphological data of both species, the sequence of nucleotides, information about inhibitory activity against some phytopathogens and the effect on the growth of some legumes. T. pararogersonii isolate is characterized by a weak level of inhibitory activity. When simultaneously seeded with most test objects, the radius of the colonies of the latter is the same or greater than the radius of the colonies of the Trichoderma. When using the paper disk method, a significant zone of suppression of the growth of phytopathogenic fungi by T. pararogersonii extract was noted in the variant with Alternaria spoon day 4 (23.55±0.72 mm) and the most insignificant one was noted with Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom) Luangsa-ard, Houbraken, Hywel-Jones & Samson. T. rossicum was characterized by a higher level of inhibitory activity. It was found that with simultaneous seeding of Trichoderma and test objects on Petri dishes, the rapid growth of T. rossicum was observed in all variants of the experiment, except for the variant with Aspergillus niger Tiegh, where suppression of Trichoderma sporulation was also observed.
{"title":"Characteristics of Antagonistic Activity of Two Trichoderma Species New to Kazakhstan Against Soil Pathogens","authors":"Yelena Rakhimova, Assem Assylbek, Lyazzat Kyzmetova, Gulnaz Sypabekkyzy, Aitymbet Zhankeldy, Georgy Urmanov","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2023.441.450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.441.450","url":null,"abstract":"The high efficiency of representatives of the Trichoderma genus in suppressing a wide range of plant pathogens contributes to the conduct of large-scale research on the search for local strains. The purpose of this study is to characterize the antagonistic activity of two Trichoderma species new to Kazakhstan (T. pararogersonii and T. rossicum) isolated from the rhizosphere of Picea schrenkiana Fisch. et C.A. Mey. and Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M. Roem. against soil phytopathogens. Identification was carried out based on analysis of its region sequences and determination of antagonistic activity was performed by the dual culture method. In the course of our study, we obtained descriptions of colonies of T. pararogersonii and T. rossicum based on isolated pure cultures, morphological data of both species, the sequence of nucleotides, information about inhibitory activity against some phytopathogens and the effect on the growth of some legumes. T. pararogersonii isolate is characterized by a weak level of inhibitory activity. When simultaneously seeded with most test objects, the radius of the colonies of the latter is the same or greater than the radius of the colonies of the Trichoderma. When using the paper disk method, a significant zone of suppression of the growth of phytopathogenic fungi by T. pararogersonii extract was noted in the variant with Alternaria spoon day 4 (23.55±0.72 mm) and the most insignificant one was noted with Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom) Luangsa-ard, Houbraken, Hywel-Jones & Samson. T. rossicum was characterized by a higher level of inhibitory activity. It was found that with simultaneous seeding of Trichoderma and test objects on Petri dishes, the rapid growth of T. rossicum was observed in all variants of the experiment, except for the variant with Aspergillus niger Tiegh, where suppression of Trichoderma sporulation was also observed.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135773007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the study of spring wheat varieties cultivated in the steppe area of North-Eastern Kazakhstan and their resistance to the main pests. The dynamics of the number and phenology of spring wheat phytophages were investigated in relation to the varietal and climatic characteristics of agricultural production. Modern spring wheat varieties' resistance to the main pests was evaluated in the area of study for the first time. In the course of studying the harmfulness of pest complexes for the studied varieties, three-point mobile scales were used for the first time. They made it possible to identify patterns of varieties damage according to different pest numbers. Reliable differences of nine varieties with respect to the uptake of spring wheat by major pests, as well as their harmfulness, were established. 'Triso', 'Likamero', and 'Kurier' varieties with group resistance to them were identified. An economic evaluation of resistant spring wheat varieties was provided. The study used a three-point evaluation method with moving score limits to identify spring wheat varieties that were settled and damaged by pests. It enables the estimation of varieties with different background densities of insects and the comparison of data from different soil-climatic zones. The analysis of the obtained results confirms the high economic efficiency of pest-resistant varieties cultivation and the role of these varieties in the phytosanitary stabilization of agrobiocenoses and environmental protection. The results of the research could be used in the zoning of spring wheat varieties. Identified cultivars with group-based pest resistance might be used as donors for new breeding varieties.
{"title":"Assessment of Spring Wheat Varieties for Pest Resistance","authors":"Rimma Meyramovna Ualiyeva, Mariya Mikhailovna Kaverina, Lyubov Nikolaevna Ivanko, Sayan Berikovich Zhangazin","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2023.489.503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.489.503","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of spring wheat varieties cultivated in the steppe area of North-Eastern Kazakhstan and their resistance to the main pests. The dynamics of the number and phenology of spring wheat phytophages were investigated in relation to the varietal and climatic characteristics of agricultural production. Modern spring wheat varieties' resistance to the main pests was evaluated in the area of study for the first time. In the course of studying the harmfulness of pest complexes for the studied varieties, three-point mobile scales were used for the first time. They made it possible to identify patterns of varieties damage according to different pest numbers. Reliable differences of nine varieties with respect to the uptake of spring wheat by major pests, as well as their harmfulness, were established. 'Triso', 'Likamero', and 'Kurier' varieties with group resistance to them were identified. An economic evaluation of resistant spring wheat varieties was provided. The study used a three-point evaluation method with moving score limits to identify spring wheat varieties that were settled and damaged by pests. It enables the estimation of varieties with different background densities of insects and the comparison of data from different soil-climatic zones. The analysis of the obtained results confirms the high economic efficiency of pest-resistant varieties cultivation and the role of these varieties in the phytosanitary stabilization of agrobiocenoses and environmental protection. The results of the research could be used in the zoning of spring wheat varieties. Identified cultivars with group-based pest resistance might be used as donors for new breeding varieties.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135773014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the study is to determine the milk productivity and chemical composition of camel and horse milk. The research was conducted in the conditions of the south and southeast of Kazakhstan, where productive horse breeding and camel breeding were developed in the period from 2021-2022. When conducting experimental studies, the basic principles of natural maintenance and feeding of experimental animals were observed. The research results were processed using MS Excel software. The reliability of the difference in indicators (P) was determined by Fisher's criterion. The content of fat-protein-lactose-ash was 1.51, 2.35, 6.05 and 0.6% for mares of the Kazakh breed, 1.35, 2.23, 6.13 and 0.5% for the Kazakh Jabe horse and 1.29, 2.27, 6.2 and 0.6% for the Kazakh horse of the Adai offspring. In camels of the Kazakh Bactrian (Camelus bactrianus), the mass content of fat in milk, protein in milk, lactose, and ash were: 5.8 3.9, 5.1, and 0.9%. In dromedary camelids (Camelus dromedarius), the mass content of fat in milk, protein in milk, lactose, and ash were: 4.1, 3.4, 4.5, and 0.8%. The average staging live weight in a one-year-old Kazakh Bactrian was 243.8±8.9 kg and the removable live weight was 302.6±4.1 kg, that is, the increase in live weight was 24.1%. In two-year-old Kazakh Bactrians, the increase in live weight during autumn fattening was 15.9%, with an increase from 336.4-390.00 kg. The slaughter yield in 1.5-year-old Kazakh Bactrian was 52.6% and in 2.5-year-old camels-53.2%.
{"title":"Productivity of Horse and Camel Breeds from the Arid Zone of the Republic of Kazakhstan","authors":"Aidar Dastanbekuly Baimukanov, Khamit Ablgazinovich Aubakirov, Makpal Temirkhanovna Kargayeva, Kairat Zhaleluly Iskhan, Dauren Maratovich Bekenov, Yusupzhan Artykovich Yuldashbayev, Dastanbek Asylbekovich Baimukanov","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2023.402.410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.402.410","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to determine the milk productivity and chemical composition of camel and horse milk. The research was conducted in the conditions of the south and southeast of Kazakhstan, where productive horse breeding and camel breeding were developed in the period from 2021-2022. When conducting experimental studies, the basic principles of natural maintenance and feeding of experimental animals were observed. The research results were processed using MS Excel software. The reliability of the difference in indicators (P) was determined by Fisher's criterion. The content of fat-protein-lactose-ash was 1.51, 2.35, 6.05 and 0.6% for mares of the Kazakh breed, 1.35, 2.23, 6.13 and 0.5% for the Kazakh Jabe horse and 1.29, 2.27, 6.2 and 0.6% for the Kazakh horse of the Adai offspring. In camels of the Kazakh Bactrian (Camelus bactrianus), the mass content of fat in milk, protein in milk, lactose, and ash were: 5.8 3.9, 5.1, and 0.9%. In dromedary camelids (Camelus dromedarius), the mass content of fat in milk, protein in milk, lactose, and ash were: 4.1, 3.4, 4.5, and 0.8%. The average staging live weight in a one-year-old Kazakh Bactrian was 243.8±8.9 kg and the removable live weight was 302.6±4.1 kg, that is, the increase in live weight was 24.1%. In two-year-old Kazakh Bactrians, the increase in live weight during autumn fattening was 15.9%, with an increase from 336.4-390.00 kg. The slaughter yield in 1.5-year-old Kazakh Bactrian was 52.6% and in 2.5-year-old camels-53.2%.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135773015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Atherosclerosis is a widespread disease of the arteries, which manifests itself in the narrowing of the lumen of the vessel due to the formation of plaque on its walls. Despite an impressive history of study, atherosclerosis still leaves room for researchers. This is realized due to the complexity of pathogenesis, in which important roles are assigned to a variety of processes at all levels, from mitochondrial disorders to endothelial dysfunction. However, it is customary to pay the most attention to lipids, since, according to modern concepts, it is the modifications of lipid particles, namely LDL, that are a prerequisite for the development of atherosclerosis. In this review, we have collected data on the subfractions of this group of lipids, namely their atherogenicity. One of the central issues in the diagnosis and prevention of atherosclerosis is the measurement of atherogenicity.
{"title":"Subfractions of Low-Density-Lipoprotein: Which is the Most Atherogenic?","authors":"Anastasia Vladimirovna Poznyak, Vasily Nikolaevich Sukhorukov, Mikhail Аleksandrovich Popov, Andrey Vyacheslavovich Grechko, Alexander Nikolaevich Orekhov","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2023.432.440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.432.440","url":null,"abstract":"Atherosclerosis is a widespread disease of the arteries, which manifests itself in the narrowing of the lumen of the vessel due to the formation of plaque on its walls. Despite an impressive history of study, atherosclerosis still leaves room for researchers. This is realized due to the complexity of pathogenesis, in which important roles are assigned to a variety of processes at all levels, from mitochondrial disorders to endothelial dysfunction. However, it is customary to pay the most attention to lipids, since, according to modern concepts, it is the modifications of lipid particles, namely LDL, that are a prerequisite for the development of atherosclerosis. In this review, we have collected data on the subfractions of this group of lipids, namely their atherogenicity. One of the central issues in the diagnosis and prevention of atherosclerosis is the measurement of atherogenicity.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135773008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2023.479.488
Tatevik Aloyan, Manvel Badalyan, Andreas Melikyan
The genetic resources of plants and animals are the wealth of every country. They are a valuable starting material in the breeding processes of cultivated plants and farm animals. In order to improve the existing varieties of crops and obtain new, valuable varieties, it is very important to document, preserve and enrich their gene pool, while preserving local varieties and forms of crops, it is possible to carry out breeding works. From this point of view, the genetic characterization of beet population varieties cultivated in Armenia and their wild relatives using protein markers is up-to-date and has important scientific and practical significance. It is known that the degree of genetic diversity of a population can be estimated if the protein formulas and their frequency of occurrence in the population are known. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the genetic diversity of beet spread in Armenia, formed during the evolutionary development processes, to passport the wild species and population varieties of beet by using protein markers and offering them as starting breeding material. As a result, the preferred raw material forms were proposed in the breeding works in the direction of increasing yield, sugar level, and resistance to powdery mildew and Cercospora leaf spot diseases. Further cluster analysis will make it possible to select parental pairs. Future beet breeding efforts in the target direction must make use of the genetic and genomic resources available for efficient improvement.
{"title":"Genetic Diversity of the Beet Distributed in Armenia Using Protein Markers","authors":"Tatevik Aloyan, Manvel Badalyan, Andreas Melikyan","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2023.479.488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.479.488","url":null,"abstract":"The genetic resources of plants and animals are the wealth of every country. They are a valuable starting material in the breeding processes of cultivated plants and farm animals. In order to improve the existing varieties of crops and obtain new, valuable varieties, it is very important to document, preserve and enrich their gene pool, while preserving local varieties and forms of crops, it is possible to carry out breeding works. From this point of view, the genetic characterization of beet population varieties cultivated in Armenia and their wild relatives using protein markers is up-to-date and has important scientific and practical significance. It is known that the degree of genetic diversity of a population can be estimated if the protein formulas and their frequency of occurrence in the population are known. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the genetic diversity of beet spread in Armenia, formed during the evolutionary development processes, to passport the wild species and population varieties of beet by using protein markers and offering them as starting breeding material. As a result, the preferred raw material forms were proposed in the breeding works in the direction of increasing yield, sugar level, and resistance to powdery mildew and Cercospora leaf spot diseases. Further cluster analysis will make it possible to select parental pairs. Future beet breeding efforts in the target direction must make use of the genetic and genomic resources available for efficient improvement.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135773010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper evaluates the effect of various combinations of aging and freezing/defrosting on the water-holding capacity (drip loss, purge loss, and cook loss) and tenderness of four types of goat meat muscles (M. longissimus dorsi, M. latisimus dorsi, M. Semimembranosus, M. gluteobiceps). Samples obtained from 35 goat carcasses after five weeks of storage under different conditions were studied: (1) Aging at minus 1.5°C, 5 weeks (A5-control sample); (2) Aging at minus 1.5°C for 3 weeks, then freezing for 2 weeks at minus 18°C (A3F2); (3) Freezing at minus 18°C for 5 weeks (F5); (4) freezing at minus 18°C for 3 weeks, then aging for 2 weeks at minus 1.5°C (F3A2). In comparison with other experimental groups, the lowest drip loss was obtained under the aging mode followed by freezing-A3F2 (3.29%), and the lowest purge loss was shown by the groups F3A2 (4.92%) and A3F2 (5.54%). The cooking loss significantly increased in all samples compared to the control (A5) and was in the range (28.14-32.92). The minimum values of the shear force of the experimental groups corresponded to the muscle samples M. Semimembranosus (2.84 KgF) and F3A2 temperature regime (2.99 KgF). The analysis of approaches to assessing meat quality indicators allowed us to form the opinion that various combinations of freezing/defrosting and aging, types of goat meat muscles had a significant impact on contraction and purge loss. The study of methods and measures to influence meat quality indicators with further more detailed study of aging and freezing modes will allow us to determine modes with minimal loss of moisture and indicators of meat hardness.
{"title":"The Influence of Various Combinations of Aging and Freezing/Defrosting Modes on the Quality Indicators of Saanen Goat Meat","authors":"Urishbay Chomanov, Gulmira Kenenbay, Alibek Tursynov, Torgyn Zhumalieva, Nurzhan Tultabayev","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2023.451.457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.451.457","url":null,"abstract":"The paper evaluates the effect of various combinations of aging and freezing/defrosting on the water-holding capacity (drip loss, purge loss, and cook loss) and tenderness of four types of goat meat muscles (M. longissimus dorsi, M. latisimus dorsi, M. Semimembranosus, M. gluteobiceps). Samples obtained from 35 goat carcasses after five weeks of storage under different conditions were studied: (1) Aging at minus 1.5°C, 5 weeks (A5-control sample); (2) Aging at minus 1.5°C for 3 weeks, then freezing for 2 weeks at minus 18°C (A3F2); (3) Freezing at minus 18°C for 5 weeks (F5); (4) freezing at minus 18°C for 3 weeks, then aging for 2 weeks at minus 1.5°C (F3A2). In comparison with other experimental groups, the lowest drip loss was obtained under the aging mode followed by freezing-A3F2 (3.29%), and the lowest purge loss was shown by the groups F3A2 (4.92%) and A3F2 (5.54%). The cooking loss significantly increased in all samples compared to the control (A5) and was in the range (28.14-32.92). The minimum values of the shear force of the experimental groups corresponded to the muscle samples M. Semimembranosus (2.84 KgF) and F3A2 temperature regime (2.99 KgF). The analysis of approaches to assessing meat quality indicators allowed us to form the opinion that various combinations of freezing/defrosting and aging, types of goat meat muscles had a significant impact on contraction and purge loss. The study of methods and measures to influence meat quality indicators with further more detailed study of aging and freezing modes will allow us to determine modes with minimal loss of moisture and indicators of meat hardness.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135773013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2023.344.350
Ratna Noviyanti, Gayuh Rahayu, Rida Oktorida Khastini
Rhizopus spp. are commonly used in bio-industrial processes such as manufacturing traditional fermented foods. However, one species, R. microsporus has been reported to contain toxin-producing endobacteria. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the Rhizopus strains' safety before application as tempe inoculum. The study aimed to detect the presence of endobacteria from seven strains of Rhizopus spp. isolated from Tempe and four strains from other substrates using molecular and staining techniques. Molecular analyses were conducted using a PCR approach of 16S rDNA with primer sets 10F and 1541R. The presence of endobacteria was confirmed with the LIVE /DEAD® bacterial viability kit. The bacteria were identified molecularly by a phylogenetic approach using the Neighbour-Joining method and p-distance model in MEGA 6 with species of endo hyphal bacteria of Mortierella elongata as an outgroup. Molecularly, only R. microsporus IPBCC 13.1131 isolated from tempe in Cilacap, Central Java, was found to contain endobacteria. The presence of endobacteria was confirmed by the appearance of the red and green luminescence in hyphae, not in the spores. These endobacteria are identified as Curtobacterium sp. The study is the first report of described endo hyphal Curtobacterium from R. microsporus tempe starter.
{"title":"Early Detection of Endobacteria in <i>Rhizopus</i> spp.","authors":"Ratna Noviyanti, Gayuh Rahayu, Rida Oktorida Khastini","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2023.344.350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.344.350","url":null,"abstract":"Rhizopus spp. are commonly used in bio-industrial processes such as manufacturing traditional fermented foods. However, one species, R. microsporus has been reported to contain toxin-producing endobacteria. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the Rhizopus strains' safety before application as tempe inoculum. The study aimed to detect the presence of endobacteria from seven strains of Rhizopus spp. isolated from Tempe and four strains from other substrates using molecular and staining techniques. Molecular analyses were conducted using a PCR approach of 16S rDNA with primer sets 10F and 1541R. The presence of endobacteria was confirmed with the LIVE /DEAD® bacterial viability kit. The bacteria were identified molecularly by a phylogenetic approach using the Neighbour-Joining method and p-distance model in MEGA 6 with species of endo hyphal bacteria of Mortierella elongata as an outgroup. Molecularly, only R. microsporus IPBCC 13.1131 isolated from tempe in Cilacap, Central Java, was found to contain endobacteria. The presence of endobacteria was confirmed by the appearance of the red and green luminescence in hyphae, not in the spores. These endobacteria are identified as Curtobacterium sp. The study is the first report of described endo hyphal Curtobacterium from R. microsporus tempe starter.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to develop technology for the artificial cultivation of saxaul plantations with minimal labor and money, allowing for achieving a high survival rate, growth intensity, and crop development. The Samara State Institution for the Protection of Forests and Wildlife studied the effectiveness of creating forest plantations using various tillage methods. Four soil preparation systems served as experiment variants. The authors concluded that sweeping tillage to a depth of 40 cm was the best option for growing black saxaul forest plantations because it ensured high efficiency and increased plant growth and survival. Preliminary soil preparation increased saxaul plant height growth by 40.3-48.5% compared to the control variant without soil preparation. Mouldboard fall plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm and sweep tillage to a depth of 40 cm increased the survival rate of black saxaul plants by 13.5% and 16.8%, respectively, compared to the variant without soil preparation. The condition of forest plantations in variants with preliminary soil preparation corresponds to the C1 and C2 indices, whereas without soil preparation, the index decreases to C3.
{"title":"Growth and Development of the Black Saxaul Depending on Tillage in Arid Conditions of Kazakhstan","authors":"Ruslan Akhmetov, Daniyar Dosmanbetov, Alimzhan Rakhimzhanov, Bulkajyr Mambetov, Ainur Utebekova, Zhandos Rakymbekov, Bagila Maisupova, Birzhan Yessimbek","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2023.380.388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.380.388","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to develop technology for the artificial cultivation of saxaul plantations with minimal labor and money, allowing for achieving a high survival rate, growth intensity, and crop development. The Samara State Institution for the Protection of Forests and Wildlife studied the effectiveness of creating forest plantations using various tillage methods. Four soil preparation systems served as experiment variants. The authors concluded that sweeping tillage to a depth of 40 cm was the best option for growing black saxaul forest plantations because it ensured high efficiency and increased plant growth and survival. Preliminary soil preparation increased saxaul plant height growth by 40.3-48.5% compared to the control variant without soil preparation. Mouldboard fall plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm and sweep tillage to a depth of 40 cm increased the survival rate of black saxaul plants by 13.5% and 16.8%, respectively, compared to the variant without soil preparation. The condition of forest plantations in variants with preliminary soil preparation corresponds to the C1 and C2 indices, whereas without soil preparation, the index decreases to C3.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2023.307.312
Wilfredo Ruiz-Camacho, Danny Villegas-Rivas, Ricardo Borjas-Ventura, Leonel Alvarado-Huamán, Segundo Bello-Amez, Gladys Arias-Heredia, Fernando Sernaque-Auccahuasi, José M. Palacios-Sánchez, Cristina A. Alzamora-Rivero, Carlos M. Franco-Del Carpio, Viviana Castro-Cepero, Alberto Julca-Otiniano, Ángel Paredes-Guerrero, Wagner Colmenares-Mayanga, Juan Damián-Sandoval, Leonardo Damián-Sandoval, Freddi Roland Rodriguez Ordoñez, Enny Roman-Castillo, Linder Rubio-Cueva, Magali Boñon-Perez, Martín Grados-Vásquez, César Osorio-Carrera, Luis Ramírez-Calderón, Leyli J. Aguilar-Ventura, Luis E. Cruz-Salinas
The objective of research was to evaluate behavior of Valencia orange crops in "type farms" in the province of Chanchamayo, Junín, Peru. This research was carried out with the aim of knowing the behavior of Valencia orange crops in "type farms" in the province of Chanchamayo, Junín, Peru. The study was carried out in Chanchamayo, Junin Region, between January and December 2016. There were selected four "types of farming" (FT1, FT2, FT3, FT4), with plants of ten years of age. A "type of farming" was selected at random. In each "type farm", soil samples were taken and 50 plants were selected. Variables evaluate were: The chemical characteristics of the soil, incidence of pests and diseases, fruit quality (weight, diameter, and brix), and yield. For statistical analysis, each "type farm" was considered as a treatment and each plant as a repetition (4 treatments with 50 repetitions) and worked as if it were a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The results showed that the behavior of the Valencia orange was better in the FT2, this "type farm" had the lowest incidence of pests and diseases, the best fruit quality, and the highest yield; but it is also the one that receives the highest investment. A low incidence of pests and diseases was observed, which suggests good phytosanitary management of the crop. The weight and diameter of the fruit varied with time. Fruits with the greatest weight and diameter corresponded to FT2 farming.
{"title":"The Behavior of Valencia Orange Cultivation (<i>Citrus x sinensis</i> (L) Osbeck cv. Valencia) in \"Type Farms\" in a Province in Central Jungle of Peru","authors":"Wilfredo Ruiz-Camacho, Danny Villegas-Rivas, Ricardo Borjas-Ventura, Leonel Alvarado-Huamán, Segundo Bello-Amez, Gladys Arias-Heredia, Fernando Sernaque-Auccahuasi, José M. Palacios-Sánchez, Cristina A. Alzamora-Rivero, Carlos M. Franco-Del Carpio, Viviana Castro-Cepero, Alberto Julca-Otiniano, Ángel Paredes-Guerrero, Wagner Colmenares-Mayanga, Juan Damián-Sandoval, Leonardo Damián-Sandoval, Freddi Roland Rodriguez Ordoñez, Enny Roman-Castillo, Linder Rubio-Cueva, Magali Boñon-Perez, Martín Grados-Vásquez, César Osorio-Carrera, Luis Ramírez-Calderón, Leyli J. Aguilar-Ventura, Luis E. Cruz-Salinas","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2023.307.312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.307.312","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of research was to evaluate behavior of Valencia orange crops in \"type farms\" in the province of Chanchamayo, Junín, Peru. This research was carried out with the aim of knowing the behavior of Valencia orange crops in \"type farms\" in the province of Chanchamayo, Junín, Peru. The study was carried out in Chanchamayo, Junin Region, between January and December 2016. There were selected four \"types of farming\" (FT1, FT2, FT3, FT4), with plants of ten years of age. A \"type of farming\" was selected at random. In each \"type farm\", soil samples were taken and 50 plants were selected. Variables evaluate were: The chemical characteristics of the soil, incidence of pests and diseases, fruit quality (weight, diameter, and brix), and yield. For statistical analysis, each \"type farm\" was considered as a treatment and each plant as a repetition (4 treatments with 50 repetitions) and worked as if it were a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The results showed that the behavior of the Valencia orange was better in the FT2, this \"type farm\" had the lowest incidence of pests and diseases, the best fruit quality, and the highest yield; but it is also the one that receives the highest investment. A low incidence of pests and diseases was observed, which suggests good phytosanitary management of the crop. The weight and diameter of the fruit varied with time. Fruits with the greatest weight and diameter corresponded to FT2 farming.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An important role in increasing the production of high-protein feed in the steppe zone belongs to leguminous grasses, such as alfalfa, sainfoin, and melilot. The value of perennial grasses, including alfalfa, is not only in providing high-protein feeds and their productivity in the sharply continental climate of Northern Kazakhstan, but it also has great importance in increasing soil fertility. The purpose of this research was to study the influence of biological preparations on the germination, growth, and development of alfalfa of the Kokshe variety in the conditions of the hill and plain zone of the Akmola region of Kazakhstan. The field experiments were conducted in 2020-2022 in the Kokshetau experimental production farm LLP. The following biological preparations for seed treatment were used: BioSleep BW + Foliar (1 l/ha), Orgamica S + Foliar (1 l/ha), Organit P, Organit N, Biodux + Foliar (2 l/ha) and Foliar. The seed treatment with biological preparations was carried out 12 h before sowing, after which the seeds were dried. The Organit P + Organit N + Biodux + Foliar variant showed the highest rates of germination energy (70.5%) and laboratory and field germination (85 and 52%, respectively). The use of Biosleep BW + Foliar had the best effect on the height of plants and the productivity of green and dry mass, where the height of plants was 57.2 cm and the productivity of green and dry mass was 121 and 48 g/plant, respectively. Thus, when cultivating alfalfa of the Kokshe variety for seeds using elements of organic technology, it is recommended to use Organit P + Organit N + Biodux + Foliar and BioSleep BW + Foliar biological preparations.
{"title":"Influence of Biological Preparations on Germination, Growth, and Development of Alfalfa of the Kokshe Variety in the Hill and Plain Zone of the Akmola Region of Kazakhstan","authors":"Arman Kalin, Ualikhan Sagalbekov, Nina Kazydub, Marden Baidalin, Miras Suraganov","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2023.336.343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.336.343","url":null,"abstract":"An important role in increasing the production of high-protein feed in the steppe zone belongs to leguminous grasses, such as alfalfa, sainfoin, and melilot. The value of perennial grasses, including alfalfa, is not only in providing high-protein feeds and their productivity in the sharply continental climate of Northern Kazakhstan, but it also has great importance in increasing soil fertility. The purpose of this research was to study the influence of biological preparations on the germination, growth, and development of alfalfa of the Kokshe variety in the conditions of the hill and plain zone of the Akmola region of Kazakhstan. The field experiments were conducted in 2020-2022 in the Kokshetau experimental production farm LLP. The following biological preparations for seed treatment were used: BioSleep BW + Foliar (1 l/ha), Orgamica S + Foliar (1 l/ha), Organit P, Organit N, Biodux + Foliar (2 l/ha) and Foliar. The seed treatment with biological preparations was carried out 12 h before sowing, after which the seeds were dried. The Organit P + Organit N + Biodux + Foliar variant showed the highest rates of germination energy (70.5%) and laboratory and field germination (85 and 52%, respectively). The use of Biosleep BW + Foliar had the best effect on the height of plants and the productivity of green and dry mass, where the height of plants was 57.2 cm and the productivity of green and dry mass was 121 and 48 g/plant, respectively. Thus, when cultivating alfalfa of the Kokshe variety for seeds using elements of organic technology, it is recommended to use Organit P + Organit N + Biodux + Foliar and BioSleep BW + Foliar biological preparations.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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