Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2023.251.263
F. F. Adji, N. Yulianti, Z. Damanik, Bina Candra, Akhmat Sajarwan, S. Winerungan, U. Darung, Mofit Saptono, Rony Teguh, S. Grover, Gita Josefhine Sitohang, Melda Reskiony Sitorus
: This research aims to examine differences in the rate of saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (permeability) and unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity (infiltration) and soil water retention with various pressures in peatland with different land covers. The study was conducted from June to October 2021. The research was conducted at the LAHG-Sebangau and at the KHDTK-Tumbang Nusa, central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Based on the results of this study, at the HA site has the highest saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (permeability) rate at a depth of 0-10 cm was classified as rather fast. The lowest saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (permeability) rate of the HS site at a depth of 20-30 cm was classified as a rather slow. The highest unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity (infiltration) rate was at the HS site at a depth of 0-10 cm was classified as fast, while the lowest was at the natural forest (HA) at a depth of 10-20 cm classified as very slow. The soil physical characteristics: Soil water content ranging from 474.769-631.364%, fiber content ranging from 8.00-22.67%, bulk density ranging from 0.12-0.19 g cm -3 , porosity ranging from 71.61-85.63% and the color of the soil is dark brown to very blackish red dark. Meanwhile, the ability of the soil to accommodate maximum soil water (saturated conditions) with the highest pF 0 is at the HK site at depth of 10-20 cm was 377,92 cm 3 cm -3 , while the lowest is in the HR site at depth of 0-0 cm is 31.11 cm 3 cm -3 . The ability of the soil in maximum soil water holding (water control conditions) at pF 4.2 is highest in the HS site at depth of 20-30 cm was 61.10 cm 3 cm -3 , while the lowest is in the HR site at depth of 0-10 cm was 13.30 cm 3 cm -3 . The soil porosity value in the HS site was higher than that of the HR site, which is 85,830 and 82,130%. The weight value of particle at the HS site was higher compared to other land cover ranging from 0.74-0.86 g cm -3 . The weight value of bulk density at the HS site ranging from 0.17-0.19 g cm -3 was higher than other land cover.
本研究旨在研究不同土地覆盖条件下泥炭地饱和土导水率(渗透率)和非饱和土导水率(入渗率)和土壤保水率在不同压力下的差异。该研究于2021年6月至10月进行。该研究在印度尼西亚加里曼丹中部的LAHG-Sebangau和KHDTK-Tumbang Nusa进行。基于本研究的结果，在HA位点饱和土壤的水力导水率(渗透率)最高，深度为0-10 cm，被归类为较快。在20 ~ 30 cm深度，HS站点的饱和土导流率(渗透率)最低，属于较慢。非饱和土壤渗透速率最高的是HS样地，深度为0 ~ 10 cm，为快速;最低的是天然林样地，深度为10 ~ 20 cm，为极慢。土壤物理特征:土壤含水量为474.769-631.364%，纤维含量为8.00-22.67%，容重为0.12-0.19 g cm -3，孔隙度为71.61-85.63%，土壤颜色为深褐色至极黑红色。同时，在10 ~ 20 cm的HK站点，土壤对最大土壤水分(饱和条件)的容水能力最高，为377,92 cm 3 cm -3，而在0 ~ 0 cm的HR站点，土壤容水能力最低，为31.11 cm 3 cm -3。土壤在pF 4.2条件下的最大持水能力(控水条件)在20 ~ 30 cm的土壤中最高，为61.10 cm 3 cm -3，而在0 ~ 10 cm的土壤中最低，为13.30 cm 3 cm -3。高通量土壤孔隙度值高于高通量土壤孔隙度值，分别为85,830%和82,130%。HS站点的颗粒重量值高于其他土地覆盖，在0.74 ~ 0.86 g cm -3之间。HS样地容重权重值在0.17 ~ 0.19 g cm -3之间，高于其他样地。
{"title":"Soil Hydraulic Conductivity and Soil Water Retention of Inland Peat on Various Land Covers (Case Study: Natural Peat and Burnt Peat)","authors":"F. F. Adji, N. Yulianti, Z. Damanik, Bina Candra, Akhmat Sajarwan, S. Winerungan, U. Darung, Mofit Saptono, Rony Teguh, S. Grover, Gita Josefhine Sitohang, Melda Reskiony Sitorus","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2023.251.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.251.263","url":null,"abstract":": This research aims to examine differences in the rate of saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (permeability) and unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity (infiltration) and soil water retention with various pressures in peatland with different land covers. The study was conducted from June to October 2021. The research was conducted at the LAHG-Sebangau and at the KHDTK-Tumbang Nusa, central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Based on the results of this study, at the HA site has the highest saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (permeability) rate at a depth of 0-10 cm was classified as rather fast. The lowest saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (permeability) rate of the HS site at a depth of 20-30 cm was classified as a rather slow. The highest unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity (infiltration) rate was at the HS site at a depth of 0-10 cm was classified as fast, while the lowest was at the natural forest (HA) at a depth of 10-20 cm classified as very slow. The soil physical characteristics: Soil water content ranging from 474.769-631.364%, fiber content ranging from 8.00-22.67%, bulk density ranging from 0.12-0.19 g cm -3 , porosity ranging from 71.61-85.63% and the color of the soil is dark brown to very blackish red dark. Meanwhile, the ability of the soil to accommodate maximum soil water (saturated conditions) with the highest pF 0 is at the HK site at depth of 10-20 cm was 377,92 cm 3 cm -3 , while the lowest is in the HR site at depth of 0-0 cm is 31.11 cm 3 cm -3 . The ability of the soil in maximum soil water holding (water control conditions) at pF 4.2 is highest in the HS site at depth of 20-30 cm was 61.10 cm 3 cm -3 , while the lowest is in the HR site at depth of 0-10 cm was 13.30 cm 3 cm -3 . The soil porosity value in the HS site was higher than that of the HR site, which is 85,830 and 82,130%. The weight value of particle at the HS site was higher compared to other land cover ranging from 0.74-0.86 g cm -3 . The weight value of bulk density at the HS site ranging from 0.17-0.19 g cm -3 was higher than other land cover.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45329861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2023.296.306
B. Nasiyev, Aida Dukeyeva
: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of mineral fertilizers and methods of basic tillage on the yield and oil content of sunflowers in the north of Kazakhstan. The experiment was conducted in the agricultural experimental Station Zarechnoye limited liability partnership with southern thin chernozem soils. Records and observations of the growth and development of sunflowers were carried out using modern methodological recommendations. The used agricultural technique of sunflower cultivation in the experiments was the one recommended for the study area. The authors studied new sunflower hybrids and different variants for the use of mineral fertilizers and methods of basic tillage. The paper concludes that it is important to use new sunflower hybrids Sumatra, Suzuka and Sumiko which achieve yields at the level of 1.34-1.46 c/ha with an oil content of 48.52-48.88%, which is the scientific novelty of the study. The combined use of mineral fertilizers according to the scheme N 40 P 40 in the autumn + N 20 P 20 in spring when sowing + N 10 P 10 fertilizing in the conditions of the study zone increased the yield and harvest of sunflower oil to 1.34 and 0.65 t/ha. The no-till technique improved the biometric and productive yield indicators. In this variant, a high yield of sunflower was obtained (1.31 t/ha) with a high oil content (48.49%) and a higher oil yield of 0.63 t/ha was provided. These improvements in the quality and productivity of sunflower as the main oilseed crop are of significant importance for food security and sustainable agriculture in Northern Kazakhstan.
：本研究的目的是评估矿物肥料和基本耕作方法对哈萨克斯坦北部向日葵产量和含油量的影响。该试验是在农业试验站Zarechnoye有限责任合伙企业中进行的，采用的是南部薄黑钙土。使用现代方法学建议对向日葵的生长和发育进行了记录和观察。试验中采用的向日葵栽培技术是研究区推荐的栽培技术。作者研究了新的向日葵杂交种和不同的变种，以使用矿物肥料和基本耕作方法。本文得出的结论是，重要的是使用新的向日葵杂交种苏门答腊、铃鹿和Sumiko，它们的产量达到1.34-1.46 c/ha，含油量为48.52-48.88%，这是本研究的科学新颖性。在研究区的条件下，按照秋季N 40 P 40+春季播种N 20 P 20+N 10 P 10施肥方案组合使用矿物肥料，使葵花油产量和产量分别提高到1.34和0.65 t/ha。免耕技术提高了生物特征和产量指标。在该变体中，获得了具有高油含量（48.49%）的向日葵的高产率（1.31t/ha），并且提供了0.63t/ha的更高油产量。向日葵作为主要油料作物，其质量和生产力的提高对哈萨克斯坦北部的粮食安全和可持续农业具有重要意义。
{"title":"Influence of Mineral Fertilizers and Methods of Basic Tillage on the Yield and Oil Content of Sunflower","authors":"B. Nasiyev, Aida Dukeyeva","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2023.296.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.296.306","url":null,"abstract":": The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of mineral fertilizers and methods of basic tillage on the yield and oil content of sunflowers in the north of Kazakhstan. The experiment was conducted in the agricultural experimental Station Zarechnoye limited liability partnership with southern thin chernozem soils. Records and observations of the growth and development of sunflowers were carried out using modern methodological recommendations. The used agricultural technique of sunflower cultivation in the experiments was the one recommended for the study area. The authors studied new sunflower hybrids and different variants for the use of mineral fertilizers and methods of basic tillage. The paper concludes that it is important to use new sunflower hybrids Sumatra, Suzuka and Sumiko which achieve yields at the level of 1.34-1.46 c/ha with an oil content of 48.52-48.88%, which is the scientific novelty of the study. The combined use of mineral fertilizers according to the scheme N 40 P 40 in the autumn + N 20 P 20 in spring when sowing + N 10 P 10 fertilizing in the conditions of the study zone increased the yield and harvest of sunflower oil to 1.34 and 0.65 t/ha. The no-till technique improved the biometric and productive yield indicators. In this variant, a high yield of sunflower was obtained (1.31 t/ha) with a high oil content (48.49%) and a higher oil yield of 0.63 t/ha was provided. These improvements in the quality and productivity of sunflower as the main oilseed crop are of significant importance for food security and sustainable agriculture in Northern Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44873674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2023.276.285
G. Kyzdarbekova, A. Khussainov, B. Yessenzholov, S. Memeshov, Shynar Durmekbayeva, A. Ayapbergenova, G. Dankina
: Degradation, reduction of soil fertility, and accumulation of industrial waste is both global and national environmental problem. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and environmental safety of the use of fertilizers made from ash and slag on ordinary chernozem for common flax ( Linum usitatissimum ) crops. The laboratory experiments were conducted in the environmental protection laboratory. The field experiments were conducted at the experimental field of Kokshetau University named after Sh. Ualikhanov in the period from 2018-2020. The content of heavy metals was determined by inversion voltammetry. It was found that the fertilizer made from ash and slag contributed to the improvement of edaphic factors. On average, over 3 years, the content of agronomically valuable aggregates increased to 65.9-73.2% (56.7% in the control variant) and the water resistance of soil aggregates increased by 7-29% compared to the control variant. The ecotoxicological assessment showed that the application of fertilizers in doses of 100-500 kg/ha on ordinary chernozem did not significantly affect the content of heavy metals in the soil compared to the control variant and also did not exceed the maximum permissible and approximately permissible concentrations. On fertilized variants, the increase in the yield of common flax grain averaged 0.09-0.34 t/ha, depending on the dose of application. The greatest increase in yield was obtained in the variant "background +300 kg/ha of fertilizer", which was 51.5% higher than in the control variant. In fertilized variants, a net income of $341.2 was received, which exceeded the control variant by $125/ha; thus the profitability was 257%. Studies have shown that the introduction of fertilizer from ash and slag into the soil in doses of 100-500 kg/ha is environmentally safe.
{"title":"Effectiveness of the Use of Ash and Slag Fertilizer on Ordinary Chernozem for Linum usitatissimum Crops","authors":"G. Kyzdarbekova, A. Khussainov, B. Yessenzholov, S. Memeshov, Shynar Durmekbayeva, A. Ayapbergenova, G. Dankina","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2023.276.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.276.285","url":null,"abstract":": Degradation, reduction of soil fertility, and accumulation of industrial waste is both global and national environmental problem. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and environmental safety of the use of fertilizers made from ash and slag on ordinary chernozem for common flax ( Linum usitatissimum ) crops. The laboratory experiments were conducted in the environmental protection laboratory. The field experiments were conducted at the experimental field of Kokshetau University named after Sh. Ualikhanov in the period from 2018-2020. The content of heavy metals was determined by inversion voltammetry. It was found that the fertilizer made from ash and slag contributed to the improvement of edaphic factors. On average, over 3 years, the content of agronomically valuable aggregates increased to 65.9-73.2% (56.7% in the control variant) and the water resistance of soil aggregates increased by 7-29% compared to the control variant. The ecotoxicological assessment showed that the application of fertilizers in doses of 100-500 kg/ha on ordinary chernozem did not significantly affect the content of heavy metals in the soil compared to the control variant and also did not exceed the maximum permissible and approximately permissible concentrations. On fertilized variants, the increase in the yield of common flax grain averaged 0.09-0.34 t/ha, depending on the dose of application. The greatest increase in yield was obtained in the variant \"background +300 kg/ha of fertilizer\", which was 51.5% higher than in the control variant. In fertilized variants, a net income of $341.2 was received, which exceeded the control variant by $125/ha; thus the profitability was 257%. Studies have shown that the introduction of fertilizer from ash and slag into the soil in doses of 100-500 kg/ha is environmentally safe.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49182471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2023.264.275
A.C. Lorenz-Vieira, C. Benfatti, M. Rouabhia
: Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) were designed to replace traditional cigarettes to decrease the harmful effects of smoking. The liquid in e-cigarettes contains different chemicals, such as Propylene Glycol (PG) and Vegetable Glycerin (VG), and may contain nicotine. To be more attractive, e-liquids are supplemented with flavorings. Because vaped e-liquids are shown to be damaging to oral tissues, similar effects could occur in the oral cavity with non-vaped e-liquids. We evaluated the effects of non-vaped e-liquid constituents on osteoblast behavior. For this purpose, human osteoblast cells (MG-63) were exposed to e-liquid containing 70% PG -30% VG with and without tobacco flavor and with or without nicotine at 12, 18 mg/mL, or no nicotine content. The e-liquids were used at various concentrations (0, 1, and 5%). To evaluate the effect of the e-liquids on osteoblast morphology and adhesion, optical microscope observations and viable cell counting using trypan blue exclusion were used. Cell growth was also analyzed using the Methyl Thiazol Tetrazolium (MTT) assay, while cytotoxicity was tested by measuring Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels after cell exposure for 24 h to the e-liquids. Our results show that e-liquids induced significant morphological changes evidenced by round cell forms, with no contact between cells. Adhesion was significantly reduced, particularly in the presence of nicotine. E-liquids at a concentration of 5% significantly reduced osteoblast growth. This effect was observed with both flavored and non-flavored e-liquid with or without nicotine. The decreased osteoblast adhesion and growth after exposure to e-liquid was confirmed by increased levels of LDH. Overall results indicate the potentially harmful effects of e-liquid non-vaped chemicals on bone cells, which could lead to the impairment of bone regeneration and tissue remodeling processes .
{"title":"Effects of Electronic Cigarette E-Liquids on the Adhesion and Growth of Osteoblast Cells","authors":"A.C. Lorenz-Vieira, C. Benfatti, M. Rouabhia","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2023.264.275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.264.275","url":null,"abstract":": Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) were designed to replace traditional cigarettes to decrease the harmful effects of smoking. The liquid in e-cigarettes contains different chemicals, such as Propylene Glycol (PG) and Vegetable Glycerin (VG), and may contain nicotine. To be more attractive, e-liquids are supplemented with flavorings. Because vaped e-liquids are shown to be damaging to oral tissues, similar effects could occur in the oral cavity with non-vaped e-liquids. We evaluated the effects of non-vaped e-liquid constituents on osteoblast behavior. For this purpose, human osteoblast cells (MG-63) were exposed to e-liquid containing 70% PG -30% VG with and without tobacco flavor and with or without nicotine at 12, 18 mg/mL, or no nicotine content. The e-liquids were used at various concentrations (0, 1, and 5%). To evaluate the effect of the e-liquids on osteoblast morphology and adhesion, optical microscope observations and viable cell counting using trypan blue exclusion were used. Cell growth was also analyzed using the Methyl Thiazol Tetrazolium (MTT) assay, while cytotoxicity was tested by measuring Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels after cell exposure for 24 h to the e-liquids. Our results show that e-liquids induced significant morphological changes evidenced by round cell forms, with no contact between cells. Adhesion was significantly reduced, particularly in the presence of nicotine. E-liquids at a concentration of 5% significantly reduced osteoblast growth. This effect was observed with both flavored and non-flavored e-liquid with or without nicotine. The decreased osteoblast adhesion and growth after exposure to e-liquid was confirmed by increased levels of LDH. Overall results indicate the potentially harmful effects of e-liquid non-vaped chemicals on bone cells, which could lead to the impairment of bone regeneration and tissue remodeling processes .","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42683969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aims to calculate the estimated breeding value of Aberdeen-Angus cattle using the BLUP method. The live weight of cattle of the Aberdeen-Angus breed was: At birth in bulls 28.25 kg and in heifers 27.18 kg; on day 210, at weaning in bulls 212.31 kg and in heifers 198.04 kg; on day 365, respectively, 328.02 kg and 304.73 kg. At the age of 5, the live weight is 897.05 kg for bulls and 552.04 kg for cows. The average values of the productivity indicators of cattle of the Aberdeen-Angus breed according to the average daily gain showed: From birth to 210 days of age in bulls -879.56 g and heifers -847.07 g; from 210 days to one year of age in bulls -767.03 g and heifers -647.62 g; from birth to one year of age in bulls -831.77 g and heifers -767.37 g. For the Aberdeen-Angus breed, the estimated breeding values in terms of live weight at birth range from -8.24 to +9.93; for live weight at weaning in the range from -42.47 to +39.07; for live weight at 12 months of age from -62.29 to +78.67; for milking capacity of cows from -47.45 to +33.15; for live weight at the age of 5 years from -117.4 to -141.16. The composition of the muscle tissue of Aberdeen-Angus bulls was with a high level of protein usefulness (protein usefulness index 0.70). This is higher than that of crossbred and Black-and-white mates by 6.1 and 4.5%.
{"title":"Estimated Breeding Values of Aberdeen-Angus Cattle Breed","authors":"Anuarbek Temirbekovich Bissembayev, Alzhan Smailuly Shamshidin, Zhanat Maratovi Kasenov, Askhat Erbosynovich Chindaliyev, Olga Stepanovna Starostina, Irina Andreevna Baranova, Stepan Dmitrievich Batanov, Altai Batyrkhanovich Nazarbekov, Dastanbek Asylbekovich Baimukanov","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2023.351.360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.351.360","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to calculate the estimated breeding value of Aberdeen-Angus cattle using the BLUP method. The live weight of cattle of the Aberdeen-Angus breed was: At birth in bulls 28.25 kg and in heifers 27.18 kg; on day 210, at weaning in bulls 212.31 kg and in heifers 198.04 kg; on day 365, respectively, 328.02 kg and 304.73 kg. At the age of 5, the live weight is 897.05 kg for bulls and 552.04 kg for cows. The average values of the productivity indicators of cattle of the Aberdeen-Angus breed according to the average daily gain showed: From birth to 210 days of age in bulls -879.56 g and heifers -847.07 g; from 210 days to one year of age in bulls -767.03 g and heifers -647.62 g; from birth to one year of age in bulls -831.77 g and heifers -767.37 g. For the Aberdeen-Angus breed, the estimated breeding values in terms of live weight at birth range from -8.24 to +9.93; for live weight at weaning in the range from -42.47 to +39.07; for live weight at 12 months of age from -62.29 to +78.67; for milking capacity of cows from -47.45 to +33.15; for live weight at the age of 5 years from -117.4 to -141.16. The composition of the muscle tissue of Aberdeen-Angus bulls was with a high level of protein usefulness (protein usefulness index 0.70). This is higher than that of crossbred and Black-and-white mates by 6.1 and 4.5%.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the research work was, firstly, to increase the genetic potential of the productivity of camels of the Kazakh Bactrian breed and of methods for its implementation based on selection; secondly, to determine the selective and genetic parameters of dairy products and the optimal ways of conducting breeding work with Kazakh Bactrians of dairy direction. In the conditions of deserts and semi-deserts, the development of dairy cattle breeding is impossible due to the scarcity of food resources, except for productive camel breeding. It is the branch of productive animal husbandry that will allow involving more than 100 million hectares of desert and semi-desert lands into economic activity with the subsequent development of social infrastructure with all the attributes of a competitive market economy. The conducted research indicates that the organization of selection and breeding work in dairy camel breeding should be based on selection and genetic parameters. The obtained values of the milk yield heritability coefficients (h2 = 0.353) are due to polygenes, which complicate the selection process. When organizing breeding work with camels of the Kazakh Bactrian breed of dairy products, we recommend that you analyze the selective and genetic parameters, this will allow you to reasonably select camels of linear origin and improve the productivity of the main herd.
{"title":"Selective and Genetic Aspects of Increasing Dairy Productivity of the Kazakh Bactrian Camels (Camelus bactrianus)","authors":"Dauren Maratovich Bekenov, Yusupzhan Artykovich Yuldashbayev, Makpal Temirkhanovna Kargayeva, Aidar Dastanbekuly Baimukanov","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2023.372.379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.372.379","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research work was, firstly, to increase the genetic potential of the productivity of camels of the Kazakh Bactrian breed and of methods for its implementation based on selection; secondly, to determine the selective and genetic parameters of dairy products and the optimal ways of conducting breeding work with Kazakh Bactrians of dairy direction. In the conditions of deserts and semi-deserts, the development of dairy cattle breeding is impossible due to the scarcity of food resources, except for productive camel breeding. It is the branch of productive animal husbandry that will allow involving more than 100 million hectares of desert and semi-desert lands into economic activity with the subsequent development of social infrastructure with all the attributes of a competitive market economy. The conducted research indicates that the organization of selection and breeding work in dairy camel breeding should be based on selection and genetic parameters. The obtained values of the milk yield heritability coefficients (h2 = 0.353) are due to polygenes, which complicate the selection process. When organizing breeding work with camels of the Kazakh Bactrian breed of dairy products, we recommend that you analyze the selective and genetic parameters, this will allow you to reasonably select camels of linear origin and improve the productivity of the main herd.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Armenia is one of the primary genealogical centers of numerous crops, the wild relatives of many of which are still found in Armenia today. Population limits of three out of 4 species of wild relatives of endemic wheat in Armenia (T. araraticum Jakubz, T. urartu Tumanian ex Gandilyan, T. boeoticum Boiss.) have been reduced in recent decades as a result of various ecological and economic functions, they are facing the danger of extinction and are registered in the Red Book of Plants of the Republic of Armenia. In order to identify these species as selection raw material, genetic characterization of populations was carried out according to ISSR-PCR markers, as well as decoding genetic formulas and barcodes. As a result, according to the coefficients of the genetic pattern, the studied wild types of wheat are characterized as basic or typical gene pools with the least quantity and frequency of rare alleles. The populations are stable and in conditions of efficient number of isolates, the gene pool is capable of self-reproduction. The obtained results as genetic markers will provide an opportunity to further clarify the origin of the species, evolution, patterns of inheritance of useful economic traits, cell genetic characteristics of the species, natural resistance to adverse environmental factors and diseases, etc.
亚美尼亚是许多作物的主要谱系中心之一，其中许多作物的野生近亲今天仍然在亚美尼亚被发现。近几十年来，亚美尼亚特有小麦的4种野生近缘种(T. araratium Jakubz, T. urartu Tumanian ex Gandilyan, T. boeoticum Boiss.)中的3种(T. araratium Jakubz, T. urartu Tumanian ex Gandilyan, T. boeoticum Boiss.)由于各种生态和经济功能，种群限制已经减少，它们面临灭绝的危险，并被登记在亚美尼亚共和国植物红皮书中。为了确定这些物种作为选择原料，根据ISSR-PCR标记对群体进行遗传鉴定，并对遗传公式和条形码进行解码。结果表明，在所研究的小麦野生型中，稀有等位基因数量最少、频率最低的是基本基因库或典型基因库。种群稳定，在有效分离数量的条件下，基因库能够自我繁殖。作为遗传标记所获得的结果将为进一步阐明物种的起源、进化、有用经济性状的遗传模式、物种的细胞遗传特征、对不利环境因素和疾病的自然抗性等提供机会。
{"title":"Genetic Diversity of Common Wild Wheat Species in Armenia Using ISSR Markers","authors":"Manvel Badalyan, Tatevik Aloyan, Varya Dilanyan, Satenik Kharatyan, Aghvan Sahakyan, Andreas Melikyan","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2023.389.401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.389.401","url":null,"abstract":"Armenia is one of the primary genealogical centers of numerous crops, the wild relatives of many of which are still found in Armenia today. Population limits of three out of 4 species of wild relatives of endemic wheat in Armenia (T. araraticum Jakubz, T. urartu Tumanian ex Gandilyan, T. boeoticum Boiss.) have been reduced in recent decades as a result of various ecological and economic functions, they are facing the danger of extinction and are registered in the Red Book of Plants of the Republic of Armenia. In order to identify these species as selection raw material, genetic characterization of populations was carried out according to ISSR-PCR markers, as well as decoding genetic formulas and barcodes. As a result, according to the coefficients of the genetic pattern, the studied wild types of wheat are characterized as basic or typical gene pools with the least quantity and frequency of rare alleles. The populations are stable and in conditions of efficient number of isolates, the gene pool is capable of self-reproduction. The obtained results as genetic markers will provide an opportunity to further clarify the origin of the species, evolution, patterns of inheritance of useful economic traits, cell genetic characteristics of the species, natural resistance to adverse environmental factors and diseases, etc.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2023.286.295
S. Kabanova, V. Bortsov, P. Shakhmatov, M. Danchenko, Sabina A. Scott, Andrey Kabanov, Yana Krekova, I. Kochegarov
: The genus Nepeta exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activity in medicine, agriculture, and the food industry. The purpose of the research is to develop the optimal agricultural technology for plantation cultivation of Nepeta cataria L . with the preservation of useful properties and to increase the content of essential oil in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The objects of research are annual plants N. cataria L. growing on a plantation in the Akmola region. It has been reliably proven that the increase in the growth of N. cataria L., the biomass, and the yield is positively affected by the application of complex fertilizer N 100 P 80 K 120 . The essential oil yield was 0.52% in the experiment without fertilizers and 0.57% in the experiment with fertilizers. The main components of the essential oil of N. cataria L. grown in the experimental plots (plot #1 and plot #2) were 4aα7α7aα-Nepetalactone (76.5612 and 79.3200%), β-caryophyllene (4.0001 and 4.0351%) and caryophyllene oxide (1.9789 and 2.5969%). The remaining components were contained in the essential oil in small quantities. The composition of the essential oil of plants from Kazakhstan was similar to the composition of the essential oil of plants from central Iran, Egypt, and Korea, because the main substance was nepetalactone. The conducted studies prove the success of growing catnip in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan.
Nepeta属在医药、农业和食品工业中具有广泛的生物活性。本研究的目的是为了开发荆芥人工林的最佳农业技术。在哈萨克斯坦北部的条件下，保留有用的特性并增加精油的含量。研究对象是生长在阿克莫拉地区一个人工林上的一年生植物卡塔利亚。已可靠地证明，施用N 100 P 80 K 120复合肥对柽柳生长、生物量和产量的增加有正影响。无施肥处理挥发油得率为0.52%，有施肥处理挥发油得率为0.57%。试验区(1区和2区)生长的石竹挥发油主要成分分别为4aα - 7α - 7aα-内酯(76.5612和79.3200%)、β-石竹烯(4.0001和4.0351%)和石竹烯氧化物(1.9789和2.5969%)。精油中含有少量的剩余成分。哈萨克斯坦植物精油的成分与伊朗中部、埃及和韩国植物精油的成分相似，主要成分为荆芥内酯。所进行的研究证明在哈萨克斯坦北部的条件下种植猫薄荷是成功的。
{"title":"Study of Plant Growth and Essential Oil of Nepeta cataria L. in Kazakhstan","authors":"S. Kabanova, V. Bortsov, P. Shakhmatov, M. Danchenko, Sabina A. Scott, Andrey Kabanov, Yana Krekova, I. Kochegarov","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2023.286.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.286.295","url":null,"abstract":": The genus Nepeta exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activity in medicine, agriculture, and the food industry. The purpose of the research is to develop the optimal agricultural technology for plantation cultivation of Nepeta cataria L . with the preservation of useful properties and to increase the content of essential oil in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The objects of research are annual plants N. cataria L. growing on a plantation in the Akmola region. It has been reliably proven that the increase in the growth of N. cataria L., the biomass, and the yield is positively affected by the application of complex fertilizer N 100 P 80 K 120 . The essential oil yield was 0.52% in the experiment without fertilizers and 0.57% in the experiment with fertilizers. The main components of the essential oil of N. cataria L. grown in the experimental plots (plot #1 and plot #2) were 4aα7α7aα-Nepetalactone (76.5612 and 79.3200%), β-caryophyllene (4.0001 and 4.0351%) and caryophyllene oxide (1.9789 and 2.5969%). The remaining components were contained in the essential oil in small quantities. The composition of the essential oil of plants from Kazakhstan was similar to the composition of the essential oil of plants from central Iran, Egypt, and Korea, because the main substance was nepetalactone. The conducted studies prove the success of growing catnip in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48952292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A dramatic decline of sturgeons’ stocks including the sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) in the Caspian Sea including creates the need to establish aquaculture broodstock. Broodstock management can allow conserving the gene pool of the sterlet and the creation of captive broodstock further serve as a source of sterlet fry aimed at restoring natural populations of the sterlet in the Caspian Sea. In this regard, the study aims to develop the technology of sterlet broodstock formation in the pond-based sturgeon hatchery and recirculatory aquaculture systems in the West-Kazakhstan region. Captive sterlet broodstock formation was carried out by two methods-domestication and from the egg. Both methods were effective in sterlet broodstock management. It was the first sterlet brood stock program carried out in the sturgeon hatchery in Kazakhstan in which brood fish were taken from the natural populations of sterlet in the Kazakhstan parts of the Caspian Sea. The sterlet broodstock was genotyped using mitochondrial DNA markers. Sequencing of the control region of mitochondrial DNA in the studied individuals, for the purpose of species identification and detection of maternally inherited variability, reveals that captured broodstock from natural populations belongs to Acipenser ruthenus. As a result of artificial breeding in the hatchery 3.6 kg of fertilized eggs was obtained from 34 females and 20 males. Genetic analysis was carried out to create a genetic passport of sterlet for the Kazakhstan populations. It also revealed that at least 20 pairs of brood stock are required to avoid inbreeding and conserve the genetic diversity of the sterlet in the hatchery system. For this purpose, the structure of the recirculatory aquaculture system should provide the possibility for industrial breeding of sterlet in the region.
{"title":"Broodstock Formation and Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) Reproduction in the West-Kazakhstan Region","authors":"Guldana Maratkyzy Maratova, Kuanysh Isbekov, Shokhan Alpeisov, Nailya Bulavina, Saule Assylbekova, Kamila Adyrbekova, Kamila Adyrbekova, Bekzhan Barbol","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2023.361.371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.361.371","url":null,"abstract":"A dramatic decline of sturgeons’ stocks including the sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) in the Caspian Sea including creates the need to establish aquaculture broodstock. Broodstock management can allow conserving the gene pool of the sterlet and the creation of captive broodstock further serve as a source of sterlet fry aimed at restoring natural populations of the sterlet in the Caspian Sea. In this regard, the study aims to develop the technology of sterlet broodstock formation in the pond-based sturgeon hatchery and recirculatory aquaculture systems in the West-Kazakhstan region. Captive sterlet broodstock formation was carried out by two methods-domestication and from the egg. Both methods were effective in sterlet broodstock management. It was the first sterlet brood stock program carried out in the sturgeon hatchery in Kazakhstan in which brood fish were taken from the natural populations of sterlet in the Kazakhstan parts of the Caspian Sea. The sterlet broodstock was genotyped using mitochondrial DNA markers. Sequencing of the control region of mitochondrial DNA in the studied individuals, for the purpose of species identification and detection of maternally inherited variability, reveals that captured broodstock from natural populations belongs to Acipenser ruthenus. As a result of artificial breeding in the hatchery 3.6 kg of fertilized eggs was obtained from 34 females and 20 males. Genetic analysis was carried out to create a genetic passport of sterlet for the Kazakhstan populations. It also revealed that at least 20 pairs of brood stock are required to avoid inbreeding and conserve the genetic diversity of the sterlet in the hatchery system. For this purpose, the structure of the recirculatory aquaculture system should provide the possibility for industrial breeding of sterlet in the region.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2023.313.322
Zh. A. Nokusheva, E. Ye. Kantarbayeva, M. B. Ormanbetov, B. T. Yermagambet, Z. M. Kassenova, M. K. Kazankapova
Nitrogen fertilizers in liquid form have become the most common ones in recent years. Since North Kazakhstan is located in a zone of risky farming, liquid fertilizers are a very productive solution. The purpose of the study was to develop and evaluate the implementation of effective schemes for the use of mineral fertilizers in the forest-steppe zone of the North Kazakhstan region. In the experimental areas of the fields, studies were carried out on cereals and oilseeds, with spring wheat as the preceding crop. Sowing was carried out five days after the introduction of the urea ammonium nitrate solution UAN-32. The use of the UAN-32 preparation in experiments with cereals and oilseeds gave a positive effect. Thus, in compliance with all agrotechnical measures and optimal sowing dates, the introduction of fertilizers in pure form into the soil before sowing and into fertilizing did not cause heat damage in plants. The increase in yield compared to the non-fertilized background averaged 39.4% for wheat, 42.9% for rapeseed, and 63.2% for flax. According to the results of the conducted studies, it can be noted that oilseeds, due to their greater consumption of nutrients for the formation of the crop, in particular nitrogen, are more responsive to the introduction of readily available forms of mineral fertilizers.
{"title":"Development and Implementation of Effective Schemes for the Use of Mineral Fertilizers in the Forest-Steppe Zone of the North Kazakhstan Region","authors":"Zh. A. Nokusheva, E. Ye. Kantarbayeva, M. B. Ormanbetov, B. T. Yermagambet, Z. M. Kassenova, M. K. Kazankapova","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2023.313.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2023.313.322","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen fertilizers in liquid form have become the most common ones in recent years. Since North Kazakhstan is located in a zone of risky farming, liquid fertilizers are a very productive solution. The purpose of the study was to develop and evaluate the implementation of effective schemes for the use of mineral fertilizers in the forest-steppe zone of the North Kazakhstan region. In the experimental areas of the fields, studies were carried out on cereals and oilseeds, with spring wheat as the preceding crop. Sowing was carried out five days after the introduction of the urea ammonium nitrate solution UAN-32. The use of the UAN-32 preparation in experiments with cereals and oilseeds gave a positive effect. Thus, in compliance with all agrotechnical measures and optimal sowing dates, the introduction of fertilizers in pure form into the soil before sowing and into fertilizing did not cause heat damage in plants. The increase in yield compared to the non-fertilized background averaged 39.4% for wheat, 42.9% for rapeseed, and 63.2% for flax. According to the results of the conducted studies, it can be noted that oilseeds, due to their greater consumption of nutrients for the formation of the crop, in particular nitrogen, are more responsive to the introduction of readily available forms of mineral fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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