Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2024.195.207
Villegas Rivas, José M. Palacios Sánchez, Cristina A. Alzamora Rivero, Carlos M. Franco, César Del Carpio, Osorio Carrera, Martín Grados Vásquez, Luis Ramírez, Luis E. Cruz Calderón, Karin Ponce Salinas, Liliana Correa Rojas, José Jorge Rodríguez Rojas, Cáceres Figueroa, Felicia L Narrea, Saravia Pachas, Arrieta Benoutt, Arturo N. Neyra Felipe, Pedro E Flores, Carlos Fabián Zata Pupuche, Yolanda Maribel Falcón, Mercedes Chipana, Marilú T Fernández, Asunción R Flores Lezama, Pablo V Lezcano Tello, Víctor Aguilar Chávez, Hugo Fernández, Francisco Rosas, Alejandro Espinoza, Gaby Polo, Esther Chunga, M. Pingo, Carolina Merejildo, Carlos Vera, Alfredo Cerna, Luis Muñoz, Orlando Miranda, Miguel Diaz, Ángel Hernández, Martín López, Desiderio Vejarano, Erick Campos, Delgado Bazán, Zadith Garrido, José Paredes Campaña, Leyli J. Aguilar Carranza, Graciela M. Monroy Ventura, Ruth A. Chicana Correa, Jhonny Richard Becerra, Rafael Rodriguez Barboza, Damián Villón, Claudia Prieto, Rosalía Villón, Mariella M Prieto, Qui
: The deleterious consequences of collinearity in linear regression on the precision of estimators of regression coefficients and the interpretability of the fitted model are widely recognized. In this study, we compare several methodologies for assessing collinearity in linear models and explore the effect of outliers on collinearity. The robustness of collinearity measures (individual and overall) is validated through two detailed Monte Carlo simulation study which also considers the effect of outliers on collinearity indices. The methods are illustrated with two real-world agricultural and fish morphology l data sets to show potential applications. The results do not provide any evidence for an effect from outliers on collinearity identification using the collinearity indices (individual and overall). The FG and F j collinearity indices more robust as both sample size and collinearity degree increase. The VIF (individual measure) had a better performance on the fitted model with a greater number of parameters.
:线性回归中的共线性对回归系数估计值的精确性和拟合模型的可解释性的有害影响已得到广泛认可。在本研究中，我们比较了几种评估线性模型中共线性的方法，并探讨了异常值对共线性的影响。通过两项详细的蒙特卡罗模拟研究，验证了共线性度量（单个和整体）的稳健性，研究还考虑了异常值对共线性指数的影响。通过两个真实世界的农业和鱼类形态数据集来说明这些方法的潜在应用。研究结果没有提供任何证据表明离群值对使用共线性指数（单个指数和总体指数）进行共线性识别有影响。随着样本量和共线性程度的增加，FG 和 F j 共线性指数更加稳健。对于参数数量较多的拟合模型，VIF（单个度量）的表现更好。
{"title":"Comparison of Collinearity Indices for Linear Models in Agricultural Trials","authors":"Villegas Rivas, José M. Palacios Sánchez, Cristina A. Alzamora Rivero, Carlos M. Franco, César Del Carpio, Osorio Carrera, Martín Grados Vásquez, Luis Ramírez, Luis E. Cruz Calderón, Karin Ponce Salinas, Liliana Correa Rojas, José Jorge Rodríguez Rojas, Cáceres Figueroa, Felicia L Narrea, Saravia Pachas, Arrieta Benoutt, Arturo N. Neyra Felipe, Pedro E Flores, Carlos Fabián Zata Pupuche, Yolanda Maribel Falcón, Mercedes Chipana, Marilú T Fernández, Asunción R Flores Lezama, Pablo V Lezcano Tello, Víctor Aguilar Chávez, Hugo Fernández, Francisco Rosas, Alejandro Espinoza, Gaby Polo, Esther Chunga, M. Pingo, Carolina Merejildo, Carlos Vera, Alfredo Cerna, Luis Muñoz, Orlando Miranda, Miguel Diaz, Ángel Hernández, Martín López, Desiderio Vejarano, Erick Campos, Delgado Bazán, Zadith Garrido, José Paredes Campaña, Leyli J. Aguilar Carranza, Graciela M. Monroy Ventura, Ruth A. Chicana Correa, Jhonny Richard Becerra, Rafael Rodriguez Barboza, Damián Villón, Claudia Prieto, Rosalía Villón, Mariella M Prieto, Qui","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2024.195.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.195.207","url":null,"abstract":": The deleterious consequences of collinearity in linear regression on the precision of estimators of regression coefficients and the interpretability of the fitted model are widely recognized. In this study, we compare several methodologies for assessing collinearity in linear models and explore the effect of outliers on collinearity. The robustness of collinearity measures (individual and overall) is validated through two detailed Monte Carlo simulation study which also considers the effect of outliers on collinearity indices. The methods are illustrated with two real-world agricultural and fish morphology l data sets to show potential applications. The results do not provide any evidence for an effect from outliers on collinearity identification using the collinearity indices (individual and overall). The FG and F j collinearity indices more robust as both sample size and collinearity degree increase. The VIF (individual measure) had a better performance on the fitted model with a greater number of parameters.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139683890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The red raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.) is a member of the Rosaceae family. The production of raspberries has increased rapidly worldwide. In recent years, about 300 ha of remontant raspberry varieties have been planted in the Almaty region, Kazakhstan. These varieties are technologically easier to grow compared to traditional varieties because they bear fruit on annual shoots and do not require protective measures against winter damage or the installation of expensive trellis. Statistical methods can be used to quantify the impact of various factors on biometric indicators. The research aimed to evaluate the influence of the factors of variety and planting scheme of remontant raspberries on the biometric indicators of leaves and productivity. Observations were conducted in 2020 in the Aidarbayev peasant farm, Enbekshikazak district, Saymasay village, Almaty region, Kazakhstan. The Bryanskoe divo variety was found to be more productive with 40.8 t/ha, while the Polka variety showed more than twice as low yields (15.6 t/ha), due to higher numbers of laterals, the number and weight of berries and the number of leaves and a high leaf area index. The planting scheme of remontant raspberries (2.8×0.4 m) led to the highest yield (54.4 t/ha) due to a higher number of laterals per shoot, the number of berries per shoot and running m and the productivity of 1 shoot per running m as compared to the sparser planting scheme of (2.8×0.15) ×0.4 m, the productivity of which is more than two times lower at 24.6 t/ha. Thus, the variety of Bryanskoe divo cultivated at a lesser density, when compared to Polka and to a higher density planting scheme, displays better results in terms of biometric indicators, productivity, and yield.
{"title":"Influence of Varietal Characteristics and Planting Schemes of Remontant Raspberries on their Productivity","authors":"Lyazzat Zhailibayeva, Sergey Oleichenko, Yerlan Dutbayev, Maira Yessenaliyeva, Roza Mazhitova, Ismail Demirtas","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2024.170.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.170.177","url":null,"abstract":": The red raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.) is a member of the Rosaceae family. The production of raspberries has increased rapidly worldwide. In recent years, about 300 ha of remontant raspberry varieties have been planted in the Almaty region, Kazakhstan. These varieties are technologically easier to grow compared to traditional varieties because they bear fruit on annual shoots and do not require protective measures against winter damage or the installation of expensive trellis. Statistical methods can be used to quantify the impact of various factors on biometric indicators. The research aimed to evaluate the influence of the factors of variety and planting scheme of remontant raspberries on the biometric indicators of leaves and productivity. Observations were conducted in 2020 in the Aidarbayev peasant farm, Enbekshikazak district, Saymasay village, Almaty region, Kazakhstan. The Bryanskoe divo variety was found to be more productive with 40.8 t/ha, while the Polka variety showed more than twice as low yields (15.6 t/ha), due to higher numbers of laterals, the number and weight of berries and the number of leaves and a high leaf area index. The planting scheme of remontant raspberries (2.8×0.4 m) led to the highest yield (54.4 t/ha) due to a higher number of laterals per shoot, the number of berries per shoot and running m and the productivity of 1 shoot per running m as compared to the sparser planting scheme of (2.8×0.15) ×0.4 m, the productivity of which is more than two times lower at 24.6 t/ha. Thus, the variety of Bryanskoe divo cultivated at a lesser density, when compared to Polka and to a higher density planting scheme, displays better results in terms of biometric indicators, productivity, and yield.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139684435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2024.147.153
Arnur Kenzhegaliev, P. Esenbekova, Nurlan Baimurzaev, M. Zhaksybayev
: This article presents the outcomes of a comprehensive investigation carried out between 2019 and 2021, focusing on Hemipterans within the Northern Tien Shan region. The study discerned a total of 111 species, belonging to 11 distinct families, including Tingidae (14 species), Aradidae (3 species), Lygaeidae (28 species), Berytidae (2 species), Rhopalidae (10 species), Coreidae (2 species), Cydnidae (6 species), Plataspidae (1 species), Acanthosomatidae (1 species), Scutelleridae (5 species) and Pentatomidae (40 species). Notably, four species ( Sciocoris consobrinus , Sternodontus ampliatus , Nysius pilosulus , Maccevetus errans errans) were newly identified within the Kazakhstan territory. Categorized by trophic specialization, these species were grouped into Mycetophages (5 species), phytophages (106 species), and zoophagous (3 species). Diverse life forms were observed across the species, spanning nine groups. The study also analyzed the number of generations per year, revealing four categories. Overwintering patterns were diverse, with various species exhibiting distinct life stage preferences. Furthermore, the study highlighted ecological and economic significance, elucidating the roles of certain species as pests and predators. The research contributes valuable insights into the composition, behavior, and ecological roles of Hemipterans in the Northern Tien Shan, enriching our understanding of this intricate ecosystem.
{"title":"Fauna of Hemipterans (Heteroptera) of the Northern Tien Shan","authors":"Arnur Kenzhegaliev, P. Esenbekova, Nurlan Baimurzaev, M. Zhaksybayev","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2024.147.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.147.153","url":null,"abstract":": This article presents the outcomes of a comprehensive investigation carried out between 2019 and 2021, focusing on Hemipterans within the Northern Tien Shan region. The study discerned a total of 111 species, belonging to 11 distinct families, including Tingidae (14 species), Aradidae (3 species), Lygaeidae (28 species), Berytidae (2 species), Rhopalidae (10 species), Coreidae (2 species), Cydnidae (6 species), Plataspidae (1 species), Acanthosomatidae (1 species), Scutelleridae (5 species) and Pentatomidae (40 species). Notably, four species ( Sciocoris consobrinus , Sternodontus ampliatus , Nysius pilosulus , Maccevetus errans errans) were newly identified within the Kazakhstan territory. Categorized by trophic specialization, these species were grouped into Mycetophages (5 species), phytophages (106 species), and zoophagous (3 species). Diverse life forms were observed across the species, spanning nine groups. The study also analyzed the number of generations per year, revealing four categories. Overwintering patterns were diverse, with various species exhibiting distinct life stage preferences. Furthermore, the study highlighted ecological and economic significance, elucidating the roles of certain species as pests and predators. The research contributes valuable insights into the composition, behavior, and ecological roles of Hemipterans in the Northern Tien Shan, enriching our understanding of this intricate ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139684647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2024.178.188
Fernanda de Maria Serra, L. R. Magalhães, Beatriz Bertholace Magalhães Silva, Emmanuel Barreiro, Isabela Benes Franco, Isabela Melo Nogueira, Liliane Aparecida Tanus Benatti, G. A. Nai
: Glyphosate's remarkable effectiveness in weed control has made it among the foremost widely employed herbicides globally. Several Glyphosate-Based Herbicides (GBHs) contain 1-4 dioxane, a compound known to induce cancer in animals and potentially contribute to liver and kidney damage in humans. The objective was to assess the liver and kidney toxicity resulting from sub-chronic exposure to GBH in rats. Eighty wistar rats were divided into 8 groups, each consisting of 5 males and 5 females. These groups were categorized into 4 inhalation exposure groups and 4 oral exposure groups. The control groups were subjected to exposure to sodium chloride solution, while the other groups were exposed to GBH at low, medium, and high concentrations. This exposure continued for 75 days. Blood samples were taken for the assessment of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, and urea levels, and the liver, kidney, pancreas and spleen tissues were sampled for histopathology. The females in the high oral concentration group exhibited the most elevated levels of AST, ALT, and urea (p<0.05). Liver steatosis was observed in all animals exposed to medium and high GBH concentrations (p<0.05). Tubular changes were evident in all GBH-exposed animals. Furthermore, animals submitted to a high GBH concentration displayed an increased count of nucleoli-organizing regions in the liver and kidney (p<0.05). High-concentration exposure to GBH, mainly orally, causes greater liver and kidney damage. Females had more pronounced hepatic and renal biochemical changes than males.
{"title":"Hepato and Nephrotoxicity Caused by Sub-Chronic Exposure to Relevant Concentrations of Human Exposure to Glyphosate-Based Herbicide: An Experimental Study in Rats","authors":"Fernanda de Maria Serra, L. R. Magalhães, Beatriz Bertholace Magalhães Silva, Emmanuel Barreiro, Isabela Benes Franco, Isabela Melo Nogueira, Liliane Aparecida Tanus Benatti, G. A. Nai","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2024.178.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.178.188","url":null,"abstract":": Glyphosate's remarkable effectiveness in weed control has made it among the foremost widely employed herbicides globally. Several Glyphosate-Based Herbicides (GBHs) contain 1-4 dioxane, a compound known to induce cancer in animals and potentially contribute to liver and kidney damage in humans. The objective was to assess the liver and kidney toxicity resulting from sub-chronic exposure to GBH in rats. Eighty wistar rats were divided into 8 groups, each consisting of 5 males and 5 females. These groups were categorized into 4 inhalation exposure groups and 4 oral exposure groups. The control groups were subjected to exposure to sodium chloride solution, while the other groups were exposed to GBH at low, medium, and high concentrations. This exposure continued for 75 days. Blood samples were taken for the assessment of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, and urea levels, and the liver, kidney, pancreas and spleen tissues were sampled for histopathology. The females in the high oral concentration group exhibited the most elevated levels of AST, ALT, and urea (p<0.05). Liver steatosis was observed in all animals exposed to medium and high GBH concentrations (p<0.05). Tubular changes were evident in all GBH-exposed animals. Furthermore, animals submitted to a high GBH concentration displayed an increased count of nucleoli-organizing regions in the liver and kidney (p<0.05). High-concentration exposure to GBH, mainly orally, causes greater liver and kidney damage. Females had more pronounced hepatic and renal biochemical changes than males.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139686417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2024.154.169
Rina Puspita, A. Hestiantoro, Rina Agustina, Nining Handayani, Batara Sirait, A. Polim, Asmarinah
: PCOS's origin and mechanism are still unknown. Epigenetics has been linked to PCOS in an increasing number of studies in recent years. The most extensively researched epigenetic alteration is DNA methylation
:多囊卵巢综合症的起源和机理尚不清楚。近年来，越来越多的研究发现表观遗传学与多囊卵巢综合症有关。研究最广泛的表观遗传学改变是 DNA 甲基化
{"title":"Associations of HSD17B1 Gene Expression with its DNA Methylation and Estradiol Level in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Indonesian Patients","authors":"Rina Puspita, A. Hestiantoro, Rina Agustina, Nining Handayani, Batara Sirait, A. Polim, Asmarinah","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2024.154.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.154.169","url":null,"abstract":": PCOS's origin and mechanism are still unknown. Epigenetics has been linked to PCOS in an increasing number of studies in recent years. The most extensively researched epigenetic alteration is DNA methylation","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139688152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2024.208.218
A. Poznyak, V. Khotina, A. Melnichenko, Vasily Sukhorukov, Igor Sobenin, Alexander N. Orekhov
: Atherosclerosis is a widespread and serious problem. Every year it causes a huge number of deaths and morbidity. Many aspects of this disease remain not fully understood, which indicates the need to search for the most representative model of atherosclerosis in animal and cell culture models. Animal models resembling the pathophysiology in humans are needed to study the immunometabolic mechanisms and molecular processes mediating the development of the disorder. It's important to point out that no animal model replicates all the attributes of the human disease. Various animal atherosclerosis models have been tested, each of them having its advantages and disadvantages. The use of animal models adheres to ethical guidelines and regulations. Mice are traditionally considered one of the most convenient model objects, including for the study of atherosclerosis. Murine models are relatively cheap, fast-growing, and can be easily manipulated. Nevertheless, there exist numerous limitations when employing murine models. One example of a limitation is that, unlike humans, mice primarily transfer cholesterol in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) particles rather than Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL). There is still no ideal model, even though plenty of them are used for various studies. Within this review, we have compiled pertinent background details concerning the prevailing mouse models employed in atherosclerosis research. We aim to emphasize the benefits and drawbacks associated with their utilization.
{"title":"Overview of the Most Popular Currently Used Murine Models of Atherosclerosis","authors":"A. Poznyak, V. Khotina, A. Melnichenko, Vasily Sukhorukov, Igor Sobenin, Alexander N. Orekhov","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2024.208.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.208.218","url":null,"abstract":": Atherosclerosis is a widespread and serious problem. Every year it causes a huge number of deaths and morbidity. Many aspects of this disease remain not fully understood, which indicates the need to search for the most representative model of atherosclerosis in animal and cell culture models. Animal models resembling the pathophysiology in humans are needed to study the immunometabolic mechanisms and molecular processes mediating the development of the disorder. It's important to point out that no animal model replicates all the attributes of the human disease. Various animal atherosclerosis models have been tested, each of them having its advantages and disadvantages. The use of animal models adheres to ethical guidelines and regulations. Mice are traditionally considered one of the most convenient model objects, including for the study of atherosclerosis. Murine models are relatively cheap, fast-growing, and can be easily manipulated. Nevertheless, there exist numerous limitations when employing murine models. One example of a limitation is that, unlike humans, mice primarily transfer cholesterol in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) particles rather than Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL). There is still no ideal model, even though plenty of them are used for various studies. Within this review, we have compiled pertinent background details concerning the prevailing mouse models employed in atherosclerosis research. We aim to emphasize the benefits and drawbacks associated with their utilization.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139685778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2024.32.40
A. Bisseneva, Konstantin Li, G. Pogossyan, Valeriya V Protas
{"title":"Distribution of Alleles and Genotypes of ACE2 Gene Polymorphisms (rs2285666 and rs35803318) and Association with COVID-19 Among Populations in Kazakhstan","authors":"A. Bisseneva, Konstantin Li, G. Pogossyan, Valeriya V Protas","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2024.32.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.32.40","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139127475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2024.95.102
Daimon Syukri, Abdi, T. Anggraini, A. Asben, Rini, M. Thammawong, Kohei Nakano
: Rendang is an indigenous food from west Sumatra with a distinct flavor and aroma. Different rendang production methods have an impact on its sensory qualities, including flavor and aroma. Finding the volatile substances that distinguish the aroma of each rendang was the aim of this investigation. In this experiment, five distinct Indonesian rendangs were used. Using the Head Space-Solid Phase Micro Extraction technique (HS-SPME), the volatile components of the rendang's meat and powder were extracted. The acquired data were examined utilizing a multivariate technique, which included clustering observation (Heat map) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). Fifteen volatile compounds from six volatile chemical classes, including pyrazines, furans, alcohols, aromatics, carboxylic, and aldehydes, were inferred from the GC-MS/MS analysis of the meat component. Based on VIP scores from significant features identified by PLS-DA, five volatile substances (2-methylpyrazine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, furfuryl alcohol, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, and benzyl mercaptan) were discovered to be the discriminant of each process of rending manufacturing. Meanwhile, for the powder part, there were forty-four volatile compounds tentatively identified that couldn't be clustered and classified properly both in heatmap and PLSD-DA. The process of absorption of spices into the meat as a raw material for rendang turned out to provide more representative data in terms of profiling the compounds responsible for the flavor of rendang. Thus, the powder part can't be used as the representative for the discriminant of volatile compounds of Indonesian rendang.
{"title":"Profiling the Volatile Compound of Indonesian Rendang Using GC-MS/MS Analysis","authors":"Daimon Syukri, Abdi, T. Anggraini, A. Asben, Rini, M. Thammawong, Kohei Nakano","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2024.95.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.95.102","url":null,"abstract":": Rendang is an indigenous food from west Sumatra with a distinct flavor and aroma. Different rendang production methods have an impact on its sensory qualities, including flavor and aroma. Finding the volatile substances that distinguish the aroma of each rendang was the aim of this investigation. In this experiment, five distinct Indonesian rendangs were used. Using the Head Space-Solid Phase Micro Extraction technique (HS-SPME), the volatile components of the rendang's meat and powder were extracted. The acquired data were examined utilizing a multivariate technique, which included clustering observation (Heat map) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). Fifteen volatile compounds from six volatile chemical classes, including pyrazines, furans, alcohols, aromatics, carboxylic, and aldehydes, were inferred from the GC-MS/MS analysis of the meat component. Based on VIP scores from significant features identified by PLS-DA, five volatile substances (2-methylpyrazine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, furfuryl alcohol, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, and benzyl mercaptan) were discovered to be the discriminant of each process of rending manufacturing. Meanwhile, for the powder part, there were forty-four volatile compounds tentatively identified that couldn't be clustered and classified properly both in heatmap and PLSD-DA. The process of absorption of spices into the meat as a raw material for rendang turned out to provide more representative data in terms of profiling the compounds responsible for the flavor of rendang. Thus, the powder part can't be used as the representative for the discriminant of volatile compounds of Indonesian rendang.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139127600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2024.131.137
A. Obajuluwa, O. Iyiola, J. A. Morakinyo, T. Obajuluwa, R. Bolarinwa, A. Adesina
: Point mutation detections in alcohol metabolizing genes could unravel molecular targets of gestational alcohol and epigenetic remodeling capacity of maternal nutrition, which underscores growth and health endpoints in Prenatal Alcohol Exposed (PAE) fetuses. gene expression was assayed using sequenced target and internal control gene primers in a two-step thermal cycling process from isolated RNA in purely bred alcohol male and female Norway rats weighing between 200-220 g. They were mated and grouped as follows: (A) Distilled water only [negative control)., (B) Local gin only, (C) Local gin supplemented with egg yolk solution, (D) Local gin supplemented with egg yolk solution and folic acid (E) EtOH only (positive control). Equal doses of 3.0 mL/kg/bw were administered before, during, and after gestation via oral gavage. ADHI gene subtypes in the pups of mated rats were analyzed by the methods used in the parental stocks. The PCR products were electrophoresed on a 2.5% agarose gel while bioinformatics databases for SNP detection were used for the sequenced data analyses in the alcohol-dosed parent and PAE rats. a total number of 35,838 bp coding DNA of the ADH1 gene were sequenced in the experimental rats with 115 random synonymous and non-synonymous SNP distributions. Parent-of-origin inheritance pattern of ADHI was confirmed in PAE neonates while SNPs frequency in sequence data of ADHI subtypes in groups' B-E dicts functional alcohol effects and changes in resultant protein. Hence, this study provides evidence for paternal and maternal contributions and nutrient-gene interactions in PAE rats.
{"title":"Alcohol Intubation and Synergistic Effect of Folic Acid and Egg Yolk Powder Solution on Alcohol Dehydrogenase [ADH] Class I Gene Expression and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Frequency in Parent and Prenatal Alcohol Exposed Wistar Rats","authors":"A. Obajuluwa, O. Iyiola, J. A. Morakinyo, T. Obajuluwa, R. Bolarinwa, A. Adesina","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2024.131.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.131.137","url":null,"abstract":": Point mutation detections in alcohol metabolizing genes could unravel molecular targets of gestational alcohol and epigenetic remodeling capacity of maternal nutrition, which underscores growth and health endpoints in Prenatal Alcohol Exposed (PAE) fetuses. gene expression was assayed using sequenced target and internal control gene primers in a two-step thermal cycling process from isolated RNA in purely bred alcohol male and female Norway rats weighing between 200-220 g. They were mated and grouped as follows: (A) Distilled water only [negative control)., (B) Local gin only, (C) Local gin supplemented with egg yolk solution, (D) Local gin supplemented with egg yolk solution and folic acid (E) EtOH only (positive control). Equal doses of 3.0 mL/kg/bw were administered before, during, and after gestation via oral gavage. ADHI gene subtypes in the pups of mated rats were analyzed by the methods used in the parental stocks. The PCR products were electrophoresed on a 2.5% agarose gel while bioinformatics databases for SNP detection were used for the sequenced data analyses in the alcohol-dosed parent and PAE rats. a total number of 35,838 bp coding DNA of the ADH1 gene were sequenced in the experimental rats with 115 random synonymous and non-synonymous SNP distributions. Parent-of-origin inheritance pattern of ADHI was confirmed in PAE neonates while SNPs frequency in sequence data of ADHI subtypes in groups' B-E dicts functional alcohol effects and changes in resultant protein. Hence, this study provides evidence for paternal and maternal contributions and nutrient-gene interactions in PAE rats.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139126479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: A lot of scientific material has been accumulated in recent years about the biotransformation processes of lupine-type triterpenoids. The novelty of this review is the summary of these works, the analysis and identification of the most suitable biocatalysts for future researchers, and the presentation of development trends for new derivatives. The known biotransformation examples of the most common lupine-type triterpenoid representatives are considered. Analysis of their biosynthesis pathways starting with squalene is included also. Various approaches in this study are discussed to biotransformation using fungi, bacteria, and plant cell cultures. The conversion of betulin to betulinic acid is a process of special, even extreme interest. Cytochromes P450 are responsible for the catalysis of oxidation reactions while air oxygen is the oxidizer. The expression and activity of these enzymes are crucial factors for product yield. Basically, any given lupine-type triterpenoid can be transformed with P450 monooxygenases. Sadly, P450 catalysts are heme and NAD (P) H-dependent thus using isolated enzymes is not an option for biotransformation. So the whole-cell catalytic processes are completed by the formation of acids, ketones, or other oxidized products. Fungi cell cultures especially Cunninghamella blakesleeana , Armillaria luteo-virens, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa are characterized by one of the highest conversion rates. Also, fungi cells are tolerant to the antibacterial activity of lupine-type triterpenoids. Thus fungi are the most successful biocatalysts for biotransformation. Applications of lupane-type triterpenoids such as pro-drugs and cosmetics are addressed in the final part of this study. It has clearly indicated development prospects for obtaining new useful derivatives.
{"title":"Lupane-Type Triterpenoids Biotransformation","authors":"Zhumadilov Sayat Sagatovich, Bakibaev Abdigali Abdimanapovich, Zhadan Konstantin Vasilevich, Kartbayeva Gulnaz Tolymbekovna, Kassenov Rymchan Zeinollaevich, Ramazanov Alibek Kairidenovich, Yerniyazova Bibizhan Bakytzhanovna, Kusherbayev Sultan Asanbaevich","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2024.138.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.138.146","url":null,"abstract":": A lot of scientific material has been accumulated in recent years about the biotransformation processes of lupine-type triterpenoids. The novelty of this review is the summary of these works, the analysis and identification of the most suitable biocatalysts for future researchers, and the presentation of development trends for new derivatives. The known biotransformation examples of the most common lupine-type triterpenoid representatives are considered. Analysis of their biosynthesis pathways starting with squalene is included also. Various approaches in this study are discussed to biotransformation using fungi, bacteria, and plant cell cultures. The conversion of betulin to betulinic acid is a process of special, even extreme interest. Cytochromes P450 are responsible for the catalysis of oxidation reactions while air oxygen is the oxidizer. The expression and activity of these enzymes are crucial factors for product yield. Basically, any given lupine-type triterpenoid can be transformed with P450 monooxygenases. Sadly, P450 catalysts are heme and NAD (P) H-dependent thus using isolated enzymes is not an option for biotransformation. So the whole-cell catalytic processes are completed by the formation of acids, ketones, or other oxidized products. Fungi cell cultures especially Cunninghamella blakesleeana , Armillaria luteo-virens, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa are characterized by one of the highest conversion rates. Also, fungi cells are tolerant to the antibacterial activity of lupine-type triterpenoids. Thus fungi are the most successful biocatalysts for biotransformation. Applications of lupane-type triterpenoids such as pro-drugs and cosmetics are addressed in the final part of this study. It has clearly indicated development prospects for obtaining new useful derivatives.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139127178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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