Elderly drivers are at a higher risk of road accidents, mostly due to ageing-influenced degradation of motoric, sensory and cognitive skills, which can lead to longer traffic incident detection and response times, worse risk perception, poorer decision making, and worsened performance of simultaneous tasks. To raise awareness among the elderly population and support medical practitioners about these issues, we have developed an online platform with two video-based interactive tasks which aimed at assessing driver's elements of situational awareness, attention and response inhabitation of elderly drivers. The results show that elderly participants, aged over 60 years old in this case, experience difficulties in maintaining high situational awareness of the driving environment, and found hard responding to inappropriate stimuli, which may indicate a decline in cognitive skills.
{"title":"Ready2Drive – Interactive Online Video-Based Driving Tasks for Assessment of Driving-Related Skills of Older Drivers","authors":"Kristina Stojmenova, N. Thomopoulos, J. Sodnik","doi":"10.1145/3544999.3551345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3551345","url":null,"abstract":"Elderly drivers are at a higher risk of road accidents, mostly due to ageing-influenced degradation of motoric, sensory and cognitive skills, which can lead to longer traffic incident detection and response times, worse risk perception, poorer decision making, and worsened performance of simultaneous tasks. To raise awareness among the elderly population and support medical practitioners about these issues, we have developed an online platform with two video-based interactive tasks which aimed at assessing driver's elements of situational awareness, attention and response inhabitation of elderly drivers. The results show that elderly participants, aged over 60 years old in this case, experience difficulties in maintaining high situational awareness of the driving environment, and found hard responding to inappropriate stimuli, which may indicate a decline in cognitive skills.","PeriodicalId":350782,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124604914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Bernhaupt, Mark Colley, D. Goedicke, Alexander Meschtscherjakov, Bastian Pfleging, A. Riener, Shadan Sadeghian
Automotive research today is mostly concerned with incremental improvement. With an automated vehicle in mind, increased safety, reduced fuel consumption, and the possibility of non-driving-related activities are anticipated. However, the challenges of future mobility require a critical rethinking of mobility in its entirety, including the availability of personalized and motorized mobility. With this video, we want to stimulate discussions on more radical innovation in mobility. In detail, we want the audience to imagine what challenges a world without individually driven cars would pose.
{"title":"A Critical Perspective on Radically Innovating Personal Mobility","authors":"R. Bernhaupt, Mark Colley, D. Goedicke, Alexander Meschtscherjakov, Bastian Pfleging, A. Riener, Shadan Sadeghian","doi":"10.1145/3544999.3551689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3551689","url":null,"abstract":"Automotive research today is mostly concerned with incremental improvement. With an automated vehicle in mind, increased safety, reduced fuel consumption, and the possibility of non-driving-related activities are anticipated. However, the challenges of future mobility require a critical rethinking of mobility in its entirety, including the availability of personalized and motorized mobility. With this video, we want to stimulate discussions on more radical innovation in mobility. In detail, we want the audience to imagine what challenges a world without individually driven cars would pose.","PeriodicalId":350782,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124656804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Lee, H. Sahin, Yiqi Zhang, S. Yoon, Jieun Lee, Susanne CJ Boll, Philipp Wintersberger
Highly automated driving systems have taken control of driving instead of human drivers, and this trend is expected to increase. However, we should have solutions if the driving algorithms cannot resolve ambiguous driving situations. What if a lead vehicle is significantly slower than the speed limit when an AV follows it? Should the AV overtake the leading vehicle, or should it continue following it at a lower speed? What if an AV lies in the gray area of passing a junction when the traffic light soon turns red? Should an AV stop or continue passing a junction? We must have answers to resolve such situations. As a starting point, this workshop explores user perceptions of AV driving behavior (i.e., driving style and policy) in potential ambiguous scenarios. Through this workshop, we will find out potential issues determining driving style and policy in ambiguous driving scenarios, enhancing road safety and convenience in future driving situations.
{"title":"A Workshop on Driving Style of Automated Vehicles in Ambiguous Driving Scenarios","authors":"S. Lee, H. Sahin, Yiqi Zhang, S. Yoon, Jieun Lee, Susanne CJ Boll, Philipp Wintersberger","doi":"10.1145/3544999.3550160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3550160","url":null,"abstract":"Highly automated driving systems have taken control of driving instead of human drivers, and this trend is expected to increase. However, we should have solutions if the driving algorithms cannot resolve ambiguous driving situations. What if a lead vehicle is significantly slower than the speed limit when an AV follows it? Should the AV overtake the leading vehicle, or should it continue following it at a lower speed? What if an AV lies in the gray area of passing a junction when the traffic light soon turns red? Should an AV stop or continue passing a junction? We must have answers to resolve such situations. As a starting point, this workshop explores user perceptions of AV driving behavior (i.e., driving style and policy) in potential ambiguous scenarios. Through this workshop, we will find out potential issues determining driving style and policy in ambiguous driving scenarios, enhancing road safety and convenience in future driving situations.","PeriodicalId":350782,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128124203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we explore a novel three-stage take-over (TO) concept for conditionally autonomous vehicles (SAE L3). In a user study in a driving simulator, we evaluated the usability of four different TO concepts: a) a basic concept including only a single TO request, b) a partial take-over (PTO) concept, where the longitudinal coordination of the vehicle remains automatic, when a TO is performed by steering only, c) a concept with an improved minimum safety manoeuvre (MSM) with additional warnings and automatic braking manoeuvres, and d) a TO concept including both PTO and MSM. The results showed that when PTO and MSM were both used, the minimal time-to-collision (TTC) was longer on average, and the maximal lateral acceleration was lower on average compared to the basic or PTO concepts. In addition, significantly fewer collisions were observed when using PTO+MSM compared to the basic TO concept.
{"title":"Adaptable Take-Over Concepts: Considering Partial and Gradual Take-Overs","authors":"Timotej Gruden, G. Jakus","doi":"10.1145/3544999.3552315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3552315","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we explore a novel three-stage take-over (TO) concept for conditionally autonomous vehicles (SAE L3). In a user study in a driving simulator, we evaluated the usability of four different TO concepts: a) a basic concept including only a single TO request, b) a partial take-over (PTO) concept, where the longitudinal coordination of the vehicle remains automatic, when a TO is performed by steering only, c) a concept with an improved minimum safety manoeuvre (MSM) with additional warnings and automatic braking manoeuvres, and d) a TO concept including both PTO and MSM. The results showed that when PTO and MSM were both used, the minimal time-to-collision (TTC) was longer on average, and the maximal lateral acceleration was lower on average compared to the basic or PTO concepts. In addition, significantly fewer collisions were observed when using PTO+MSM compared to the basic TO concept.","PeriodicalId":350782,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132542136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of eyes has been proposed to use as a communication modality on an autonomous vehicle (AV) and it has shown benefits for AV-to-pedestrian interaction. In this study, we further explored the eye concept and aim to answer a research question “how can we control the eyes more intuitively based on an AV's behaviors?”. First, we defined three different self-driving modes (normal, active and inactive) and we developed three algorithms to control robotic eyes on a car based on the three modes. These three modes give us more control over various parameters and constraints, which help us in making the eye mechanism, more natural at different scenarios. We conducted a pilot study to tested our algorithms with a simple eye prototype. The result was positive, there are certain challenges in this research topic. We discussed the challenges and this has shown useful insights for future development of AV-to-pedestrian interaction.
{"title":"I See You: Eye Control Mechanisms for Robotic Eyes on an Autonomous Car","authors":"Praveen Singh, Chia-Ming Chang, T. Igarashi","doi":"10.1145/3544999.3552320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3552320","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of eyes has been proposed to use as a communication modality on an autonomous vehicle (AV) and it has shown benefits for AV-to-pedestrian interaction. In this study, we further explored the eye concept and aim to answer a research question “how can we control the eyes more intuitively based on an AV's behaviors?”. First, we defined three different self-driving modes (normal, active and inactive) and we developed three algorithms to control robotic eyes on a car based on the three modes. These three modes give us more control over various parameters and constraints, which help us in making the eye mechanism, more natural at different scenarios. We conducted a pilot study to tested our algorithms with a simple eye prototype. The result was positive, there are certain challenges in this research topic. We discussed the challenges and this has shown useful insights for future development of AV-to-pedestrian interaction.","PeriodicalId":350782,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130960552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maykel M. P. G. Van Miltenburg, Danny J.A. Lemmers, Angelica M. Tinga, M. Christoph, R. Zon
Driver distraction is a concern for traffic safety. Most research has been focused on validating or quantifying the relationship between eyes-off-road metrics and driving performance without specifically addressing cognitive aspects of distracted driving. The current study explores to what extent electroencephalogram data is a good predictor of how successful a distracted driver will be able to take over control from an autonomous vehicle. Participants were driving a simulated car while being exposed to varying levels of distraction. During the ride at several moments the participants were warned to take over control, after which the control was transferred. Sometimes after taking over the control an immediate break action of the drivers was expected. It turned out that electroencephalogram based data is able to indicate to what extent participants are distracted. However, electroencephalogram based data is not able to estimate driving performance during take over control.
{"title":"Can EEG Measurements be Used to Estimate the Performance of Taking over Control from an Autonomous Vehicle for Different Levels of Distracted Driving? An Explorative Study","authors":"Maykel M. P. G. Van Miltenburg, Danny J.A. Lemmers, Angelica M. Tinga, M. Christoph, R. Zon","doi":"10.1145/3544999.3552324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3552324","url":null,"abstract":"Driver distraction is a concern for traffic safety. Most research has been focused on validating or quantifying the relationship between eyes-off-road metrics and driving performance without specifically addressing cognitive aspects of distracted driving. The current study explores to what extent electroencephalogram data is a good predictor of how successful a distracted driver will be able to take over control from an autonomous vehicle. Participants were driving a simulated car while being exposed to varying levels of distraction. During the ride at several moments the participants were warned to take over control, after which the control was transferred. Sometimes after taking over the control an immediate break action of the drivers was expected. It turned out that electroencephalogram based data is able to indicate to what extent participants are distracted. However, electroencephalogram based data is not able to estimate driving performance during take over control.","PeriodicalId":350782,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129278760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Denise Sogemeier, Yannick Forster, Frederik Naujoks, J. Krems, Andreas Keinath
Culture impacts the perception of a product and the perception in turn affects its evaluation. Research already revealed that usability ratings for the same product differ between countries Therefore, the underlying reasons how culture and usability may be mapped should be further investigated. Gaining deeper understanding of this connection might lead to a better comprehension why same products are rated differently in different markets. The aim of this contribution is to map the six cultural dimensions by Hofstede to the seven usability criteria defined by ISO 9241-210. Based on theoretical considerations, implications for culturally adapted HMIs are derived and an experimental approach for future research is presented.
{"title":"How to Map Cultural Dimensions to Usability Criteria: Implications for the Design of an Automotive Human-Machine Interface","authors":"Denise Sogemeier, Yannick Forster, Frederik Naujoks, J. Krems, Andreas Keinath","doi":"10.1145/3544999.3554786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3554786","url":null,"abstract":"Culture impacts the perception of a product and the perception in turn affects its evaluation. Research already revealed that usability ratings for the same product differ between countries Therefore, the underlying reasons how culture and usability may be mapped should be further investigated. Gaining deeper understanding of this connection might lead to a better comprehension why same products are rated differently in different markets. The aim of this contribution is to map the six cultural dimensions by Hofstede to the seven usability criteria defined by ISO 9241-210. Based on theoretical considerations, implications for culturally adapted HMIs are derived and an experimental approach for future research is presented.","PeriodicalId":350782,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120938405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Driving monitoring and assistance systems are increasingly implemented by car manufacturers to increase safety and comfort for car drivers. Through notifications such systems support or create awareness in different driving situations. To provide appropriate notifications, knowledge about the driver’s needs need to be gained. In this study we investigate the acceptance of certain notifications in several driving scenarios for different driving styles. Through focus groups we found that there are different notification needs based on driving styles in relation to different driving scenarios. However, our results suggest that notification needs are more influenced by the cognitive load that is used rather than driving style on its own. Furthermore, deeper knowledge should be gained on the negative effects of providing notifications as there are situations in which a driver is rather be left alone than being assisted through notifications.
{"title":"Too Much of a Good Thing: When In-Car Driver Assistance Notifications Become Too Much","authors":"B. Ferwerda, Domina Kiunsi, M. Tkalcic","doi":"10.1145/3544999.3552536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3552536","url":null,"abstract":"Driving monitoring and assistance systems are increasingly implemented by car manufacturers to increase safety and comfort for car drivers. Through notifications such systems support or create awareness in different driving situations. To provide appropriate notifications, knowledge about the driver’s needs need to be gained. In this study we investigate the acceptance of certain notifications in several driving scenarios for different driving styles. Through focus groups we found that there are different notification needs based on driving styles in relation to different driving scenarios. However, our results suggest that notification needs are more influenced by the cognitive load that is used rather than driving style on its own. Furthermore, deeper knowledge should be gained on the negative effects of providing notifications as there are situations in which a driver is rather be left alone than being assisted through notifications.","PeriodicalId":350782,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121226685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fjollë Novakazi, Alexander Eriksson, Lars‐Ola Bligård
While there is significant potential for driving automation to increase traffic safety and enhance comfort, it is important that these systems are designed in such a way that drivers are supported in building a correct understanding of the system's capabilities and limitations. Hence, it is necessary to understand both the process by which drivers understand a driving automation system and the factors that influence their perception. During three workshops, six practitioners participated in a participatory action research study around a design use case, aiming to enhance mode awareness in a vehicle offering several levels of automation. This facilitated the development of a card deck, which supports practitioners to 1. explore possible solutions driven through a systematic approach, 2. identify areas of improvement through applying the lens of the user, 3. ideate and evaluate design decisions through a guided process.
{"title":"Design for Perception - A Systematic Approach for the Design of Driving Automation Systems based on the Users’ Perception","authors":"Fjollë Novakazi, Alexander Eriksson, Lars‐Ola Bligård","doi":"10.1145/3544999.3552525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3552525","url":null,"abstract":"While there is significant potential for driving automation to increase traffic safety and enhance comfort, it is important that these systems are designed in such a way that drivers are supported in building a correct understanding of the system's capabilities and limitations. Hence, it is necessary to understand both the process by which drivers understand a driving automation system and the factors that influence their perception. During three workshops, six practitioners participated in a participatory action research study around a design use case, aiming to enhance mode awareness in a vehicle offering several levels of automation. This facilitated the development of a card deck, which supports practitioners to 1. explore possible solutions driven through a systematic approach, 2. identify areas of improvement through applying the lens of the user, 3. ideate and evaluate design decisions through a guided process.","PeriodicalId":350782,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114266695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katharina Margareta Theresa Pöhlmann, Gang Li, Abhraneil Dam, Yu-Kai Wang, Chun-Shu Wei, A. Brietzke, G. Papaioannou
The mass adoption of automated vehicles in the near future will benefit safety (of occupants and pedestrians), the environment (low emissions), and society (accessibility, on-demand travel). There are, however, still challenges that need to be addressed, with one of the most crucial being motion sickness. In automated vehicles, the interior could be transformed into a living room or a working space, allowing occupants to spend their time with non-driving activities. These changes are likely to provoke, and increase, motion sickness incidence. To that end, this workshop will explore the current state of motion sickness detection and mitigation methods from different angles (e.g., closed-loop detection, multimodal motion cues,etc.) through expert talks and reflections, followed by discussions. The workshop will develop an agenda for motion sickness research in automated vehicles, facilitate new research ideas and fruitful collaborations.
{"title":"Workshop on Multimodal Motion Sickness Detection and Mitigation Methods for Car Journeys","authors":"Katharina Margareta Theresa Pöhlmann, Gang Li, Abhraneil Dam, Yu-Kai Wang, Chun-Shu Wei, A. Brietzke, G. Papaioannou","doi":"10.1145/3544999.3550156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3544999.3550156","url":null,"abstract":"The mass adoption of automated vehicles in the near future will benefit safety (of occupants and pedestrians), the environment (low emissions), and society (accessibility, on-demand travel). There are, however, still challenges that need to be addressed, with one of the most crucial being motion sickness. In automated vehicles, the interior could be transformed into a living room or a working space, allowing occupants to spend their time with non-driving activities. These changes are likely to provoke, and increase, motion sickness incidence. To that end, this workshop will explore the current state of motion sickness detection and mitigation methods from different angles (e.g., closed-loop detection, multimodal motion cues,etc.) through expert talks and reflections, followed by discussions. The workshop will develop an agenda for motion sickness research in automated vehicles, facilitate new research ideas and fruitful collaborations.","PeriodicalId":350782,"journal":{"name":"Adjunct Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116963167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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